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83
Identication of two new species and a new host record of
Distoseptispora (Distoseptisporaceae, Distoseptisporales,
Sordariomycetes) from terrestrial and freshwater habitats
in Southern China
Xue-Mei Chen1,2 , Xia Tang3,4 , Jian Ma1,4 , Ning-Guo Liu1, Saowaluck Tibpromma2,
Samantha C. Karunarathna2,5 , Yuan-Pin Xiao1, Yong-Zhong Lu1,3
1 School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang 550003, China
2 Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing,
Yunnan 655011, China
3 Engineering and Research Center for Southwest Biopharmaceutical Resource of National Education Ministry of China, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025,
Guizhou Province, China
4 Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
5 National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka
Corresponding author: Yong-Zhong Lu (yzlu@git.edu.cn)
Copyright: © Xue-Mei Chen et al.
This is an open access article distributed under
terms of the Creative Commons Attribution
License (Attribution 4.0 International –
CC BY 4.0).
Research Article
Abstract
During our investigation of saprophytic fungi in Guizhou and Hainan provinces, China,
three hyphomycetes were collected from terrestrial and freshwater habitats. Based on
morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of combined ITS, LSU, tef
and rpb2 sequence data, two new species are introduced: Distoseptispora hainanensis
and D. lanceolatispora. Additionally, one known species, D. tectonae, previously unreport-
ed from Edgeworthia chrysantha, is newly reported. Detailed descriptions, illustrations,
and a phylogenetic tree to show the two new species and the new host record of Dis-
toseptispora are provided. In addition, a checklist of Distoseptispora species with their
locations, lifestyles, habitats, and hosts is provided.
Key words: 2 new taxa, asexual morph, phylogeny, taxonomy
Introduction
Distoseptispora K.D. Hyde, McKenzie & Maharachch. was introduced by Su et al.
(2016) with D. uminicola McKenzie, Hong Y. Su, Z.L. Luo & K.D. Hyde, as the type
species. Most Distoseptispora species are reported as saprophytes, typically
found on decaying wood in terrestrial and freshwater habitats (Hyde et al. 2016,
2019; Su et al. 2016; Xia et al. 2017; Yang et al. 2018; Crous et al. 2019; Luo et
al. 2019). The initial descriptions of Distoseptispora are derived from its asex-
ual morphology (Hyde et al. 2016, 2019, 2020; Su et al. 2016; Yang et al. 2018,
of Distoseptispora was described by Yang et al. (2021). Recently, Konta et al.
Licuala glabra, and
provided detailed explanations, enhancing our understanding of Distoseptispora
Academic editor: Xinlei Fan
Received:
8 November 2023
Accepted:
29 December 2023
Published:
9 February 2024
Citation: Chen X-M, Tang X,
Ma J, Liu N-G, Tibpromma S,
Karunarathna SC, Xiao Y-P, Lu Y-Z
(2024) Identication of two new
species and a new host record of
Distoseptispora (Distoseptisporaceae,
Distoseptisporales, Sordariomycetes)
from terrestrial and freshwater
habitats in Southern China. MycoKeys
102: 83–105. https://doi.org/10.3897/
mycokeys.102.115452
MycoKeys 102: 83–105 (2024)
DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.102.115452
84
MycoKeys 102: 83–105 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.102.115452
Xue-Mei Chen et al.: Identication of two new species and a new host record of Distoseptispora
sexual morphology. This sexual morph is characterized by solitary or gregarious,
immersed to semi-immersed, subglobose to ellipsoidal, perithecial, dark brown
ascomata with a short neck; 8-spored, cylindrical, short pedicellate asci with
non-amyloid apical annuli; and fusiform, 0–3-septate, hyaline ascospores with
mucilaginous sheaths (Yang et al. 2021; Konta et al. 2023). The asexual morph of
Distoseptispora was recently expanded upon by Yang et al. (2021), incorporating
macronematous, mononematous, solitary or fasciculate conidiophores, blastic,
terminal, percurrent, cylindrical conidiogenous cells; and acrogenous, solitary, ob-
clavate, ellipsoidal, obovoid or fusiform, rostrate or not, euseptate, distoseptate
or rarely muriform conidia with or without a septal pore and mucilaginous sheath.
Distoseptispora has been found on various hosts viz. Tectona, Pandanus,
bamboo, Clematis, Carex, Dipterocarpus, Licuala glabra, Cocos nucifera, Phrag-
mites australis, Thysanolaena maxima, Platanus orientalis, and decaying wood
and grasses (Shoemaker and White 1985; McKenzie 1995; Hyde et al. 2016,
2019, 2021, 2023; Su et al. 2016; Tibpromma et al. 2018; Crous et al. 2019;
Phookamsak et al. 2019; Phukhamsakda et al. 2020, 2022; Sun et al. 2020;
Zhai et al. 2022; Afshari et al. 2023; Hu et al. 2023; Konta et al. 2023). Most
Distoseptispora species have been described in Asia, mainly in China, Thailand,
and Malaysia, and only a few have been described in Europe (Shoemaker and
White 1985; McKenzie 1995; Phookamsak et al. 2019; Ma et al. 2022; Zhai et
al. 2022; Zhang et al. 2022; Konta et al. 2023). Distoseptispora comprises 74
accepted species in Index Fungorum (2024), but there is an ambiguity in the
taxonomic status of D. submersa Z.L. Luo, K.D. Luo et al. (2019) stated that
D.submersa is phylogenetically closely related to D. tectonae, and there are only
minor size differences in conidiophores and conidia between D. tectonae and
D. submersa. Dong et al. (2021) synonymized D. submersa under D. tectonae,
thus, Distoseptispora comprises 73 accepted saprobic species, of which 44
terrestrial and freshwater environments (Hyde et al. 2016, 2019; Luo et al. 2019;
Monkai et al. 2020; Yang et al. 2021; Ma et al. 2022; Zhang et al. 2022; Afshari
et al. 2023; Hu et al. 2023; Konta et al. 2023; Liu et al. 2023).
In this study, three fresh hyphomycetous fungal collections were encountered
during a microfungal investigation in Hainan and Guizhou provinces. Based on
multi-gene phylogeny and morphological comparison, two new species, Dis-
toseptispora hainanensis and D. lanceolatispora are introduced. In addition, a
new host record of D. tectonae from Edgeworthia chrysantha is also reported.
Materials and methods
Sample collection, isolation, and morphological study
Fresh specimens were collected from Hainan and Guizhou provinces in China.
Fungal colonies were mounted on a slide with distilled water and were observed
and examined using a stereomicroscope (SMZ 745, Nikon, Tokyo, Japan). Mi-
cro-morphological characteristics were captured with a Nikon EOS 90D digital
camera combined with an ECLIPSE Ni-U compound microscope (Nikon, Tokyo,
Japan). The sizes of the fungal structures were measured using the Tarosoft (R)
Image Frame Work program (IFW 0.97 version), and the photo plates were pro-
cessed with Adobe Photoshop CC 2019 (Adobe Systems, San Jose, CA, USA).
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MycoKeys 102: 83–105 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.102.115452
Xue-Mei Chen et al.: Identication of two new species and a new host record of Distoseptispora
Single spore isolations were carried out following the methods described in
Senanayake et al. (2020). Germinated conidia were transferred to fresh potato
dextrose agar (PDA) plates and incubated at 25–27 °C for four weeks. Cul-
ture characteristics, including color, shape, and size, were recorded. Herbarium
specimens were deposited in the herbarium of the Guizhou Academy of Agri-
culture Sciences (GZAAS), Guiyang, China, and the living cultures were depos-
ited at the Guizhou Culture Collection, China (GZCC). Faces of Fungi and Index
Fungorum numbers were obtained following the protocols outlined by Jayasiri
et al. (2015) and Index Fungorum (2024), respectively.
DNA extraction, PCR amplication, and sequencing
Fresh mycelia were scraped from cultures that were incubated at 25–27 °C for
28 days. Fungal genomic DNA was extracted using the Biospin Fungus Genom-
ic DNA Extraction Kit (BioFlux, Shanghai, China), following the manufacturer’s
instructions. Four gene regions: internal transcribed spacer (ITS), large subunit
ribosomal DNA (LSU), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef
polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2) were selected. The primers used in
this study for each gene region were as follows: ITS4 and ITS5 for ITS (White et
al. 1990), LR0R and LR5 for LSU (Vilgalys and Hester 1990; Cubeta et al. 1991),
EF1-983F and EF1-2218R for tefrpb2 with
fRPB2-5F and fRPB2-7cR (Liu et al. 1999).
-
ation at 94 °C for 3 min, followed by 35 cycles of 45 s at 94 °C, 50 s at 56 °C, and
condition for the tef
-
rpb2 gene
consisted of initial denaturation at 95 °C for 5 min, followed by 35 cycles of 15 s
electrophoresis gels stained with ethidium bromide, and the PCR products were
Phylogenetic analyses
The raw sequences were initially checked with BioEdit v 7.0.5.3 (Hall 1999).
Forward and reverse sequences were assembled using SeqMan v. 7.0.0
(DNASTAR, Madison, WI, USA). Sequence data (LSU, ITS, tefrpb2) for
Distoseptispora were downloaded from GenBank based on the blast results
and recent publications (Table 1). Each individual gene dataset was aligned
using the online program MAFFT version 7 with the “auto” option (Hall 1999;
Katoh and Standley 2013). These alignments were visually inspected and
manually improved in BioEdit v 7.0.5.3. Multi-gene alignments were combined
by SequenceMatrix (Vaidya et al. 2011). In this study, phylogenetic analyses
were performed using maximum likelihood (ML), maximum parsimony (MP),
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MycoKeys 102: 83–105 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.102.115452
Xue-Mei Chen et al.: Identication of two new species and a new host record of Distoseptispora
Table 1. Names, strain numbers, and corresponding GenBank accession numbers of taxa used in this study.
Taxa names Strain GenBank Accessions References
LSU ITS tef1-α rpb2
Aquapteridospora aquatica MFLUCC 17-2371TMW287767 MW286493 N/A N/A Dong et al. (2021)
Distoseptispora adscendens HKUCC 10820 DQ408561 N/A N/A DQ435092 Shenoy et al. (2006)
D. amniculi MFLU 17-2129TMZ868761 MZ868770 N/A MZ892982 Yang et al. (2021)
D. appendiculata MFLUCC 18-0259TMN163023 MN163009 MN174866 N/A Luo et al. (2019)
D. aqualignicola KUNCC 21-10729TON400845 OK341186 OP413480 OP413474 Zhang et al. (2022)
D. aquamyces KUNCC 21-10731TOK341199 OK341187 OP413482 OP413476 Zhang et al. (2022)
D. aquatica MFLUCC 15-0374TKU376268 MF077552 N/A N/A Su et al. (2016)
MFLUCC 18-0646 MK849793 MK828648 N/A N/A Luo et al. (2019)
D. aquisubtropica GZCC 22-0075TON527941 ON527933 ON533677 ON533685 Ma et al. (2022)
D. atroviridis GZCC 20-0511TMZ868763 MZ868772 MZ892978 MZ892984 Yang et al. (2021)
D. bambusae MFLUCC 20-0091TMT232718 MT232713 MT232880 MT232881 Sun et al. (2020)
MFLUCC 14-0583 MT232717 MT232712 N/A MT232882 Sun et al. (2020)
D. bambusicola GZCC 21-0667TMZ474872 MZ474873 N/A N/A Hyde et al. (2023)
D. bangkokensis MFLUCC 18-0262TMZ518206 MZ518205 N/A N/A Shen et al. (2021)
D. cangshanensis MFLUCC 16-0970TMG979761 MG979754 MG988419 N/A Luo et al. (2018)
D. caricis CPC 36498TMN567632 MN562124 N/A MN556805 Crous et al. (2019)
CPC 36442 N/A MN562125 N/A MN556806 Crous et al. (2019)
D. chinensis GZCC 21-0665TMZ474867 MZ474871 MZ501609 N/A Hyde et al. (2021)
D. clematidis MFLUCC 17-2145TMT214617 MT310661 N/A MT394721 Phukhamsakda et al. (2020)
D. crassispora KUMCC 21-10726TOK341196 OK310698 OP413479 OP413473 Zhang et al. (2022)
D. curvularia KUMCC 21-10725TOK341195 OK310697 OP413478 OP413472 Zhang et al. (2022)
D. cylindricospora DLUCC 1906TOK513523 OK491122 OK524220 N/A Phukhamsakda et al. (2022)
D. dehongensis KUMCC 18-0090TMK079662 MK085061 MK087659 N/A Hyde et al. (2019)
D. dipterocarpi MFLUCC 22-0104TOP600052 OP600053 N/A OP595140 Afshari et al. (2023)
D. effusa GZCC 19-0532TMZ227224 MW133916 N/A N/A Yang et al. (2021)
D. eusptata MFLUCC 20-0154TMW081544 MW081539 N/A MW151860 Li et al. (2021)
MFLU 20-0568 MW081545 MW081540 MW084994 MW084996 Li et al. (2021)
D. fasciculata KUMCC 19-0081TMW287775 MW286501 MW396656 N/A Dong et al. (2021)
D. uminicola MFLUCC 15-0417TKU376270 MF077553 N/A N/A Su et al. (2016)
D. fusiformis GZCC 20-0512TMZ868764 MZ868773 MZ892979 MZ892985 Yang et al. (2021)
D. gasaensis HJAUP C2034TOQ942891 OQ942896 OQ944455 N/A Hu et al. (2023)
D. guanshanensis HJAUP C1063TOQ942898 OQ942894 OQ944452 OQ944458 Hu et al. (2023)
D. guizhouensis GZCC 21-0666TMZ474869 MZ474868 MZ501610 MZ501611 Hyde et al. (2021)
D. guttulata MFLUCC 16-0183TMF077554 MF077543 MF135651 N/A Yang et al. (2018)
DLUCC B43 MN163016 MN163011 N/A N/A Luo et al. (2019)
D. hainanensis GZCC 22-2047TOR438894 OR427328 OR449122 OR449119 This study
D. hyalina MFLUCC 17-2128TMZ868760 MZ868769 MZ892976 MZ892981 Yang et al. (2021)
D. hydei MFLUCC 20-0481TMT742830 MT734661 N/A MT767128 Monkai et al. (2020)
D. jinghongensis HJAUP C2120TOQ942893 OQ942897 OQ944456 N/A Hu et al. (2023)
D. lancangjiangensis KUN-HKAS 112712TMW879522 MW723055 N/A MW882260 Shen et al. (2021)
D. lanceolatispora GZCC 22-2045TOR43BB95 OR427329 OR449123 OR449120 This study
D. leonensis HKUCC 10822 DQ408566 N/A N/A DQ435089 Shenoy et al. (2006)
D. licualae MFLUCC 14-1163ATON650675 ON650686 ON734007 N/A Konta et al. (2023)
MFLUCC 14-1163BTON650676 ON650687 ON734008 N/A Konta et al. (2023)
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MycoKeys 102: 83–105 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.102.115452
Xue-Mei Chen et al.: Identication of two new species and a new host record of Distoseptispora
Taxa names Strain GenBank Accessions References
LSU ITS tef1-α rpb2
D. lignicola MFLUCC 18-0198TMK849797 MK828651 N/A N/A Luo et al. (2019)
D. longispora HFJAU 0705TMH555357 MH555359 N/A N/A Song et al. (2020)
D. longnanensis HJAUP C1040TOQ942886 OQ942887 OQ944451 N/A Hu et al. (2023)
D. martinii CGMCC 3.18651TKX033566 KU999975 N/A N/A Xia et al. (2017)
D. meilingensis JAUCC 4727TOK562396 OK562390 OK562408 N/A Zhai et al. (2022)
D. menghaiensis HJAUP C2045TOQ942900 OQ942890 N/A N/A Hu et al. (2023)
HJAUP C2170TOQ942888 OQ942899 OQ944457 OQ944461 Hu et al. (2023)
D. mengsongensis HJAUP C2126TOP78784 OP787876 OP961937 N/A Liu et al. (2023)
D. multiseptata MFLUCC 16-1044 MF077555 MF077544 MF135652 MF135644 Yang et al. (2018)
MFLUCC 15-0609TKX710140 KX710145 MF135659 N/A Hyde et al. (2016)
D. nabanheensis HJAUP C2003TOP787877 OP787873 OP961935 N/A Liu et al. (2023)
D. nanchangensis HJAUP C1074TOQ942895 OQ942889 OQ944454 OQ944460 Hu et al. (2023)
D. neorostrata MFLUCC 18-0376TMN163017 MN163008 N/A N/A Luo et al. (2019)
D. nonrostrata KUNCC 21-10730TOK341198 OK310699 OP413481 OP413475 Zhang et al. (2022)
D. obclavata MFLUCC 18-0329TMN163010 MN163012 N/A N/A Luo et al. (2019)
D. obpyriformis MFLUCC 17-1694TMG979764 N/A MG988422 MG988415 Luo et al. (2018)
DLUCC 0867 MG979765 MG979757 MG988423 MG988416 Luo et al. (2018)
D. pachyconidia KUMCC 21-10724TOK341194 OK310696 OP413477 OP413471 Zhang et al. (2022)
D. palmarum MFLUCC 18-1446TMK079663 MK085062 MK087660 MK087670 Hyde et al. (2019)
D. phangngaensis MFLUCC 16-0857TMF077556 MF077545 MF135653 N/A Yang et al. (2018)
D. phragmiticola GUCC 22-0202TOP749881 OP749888 OP749892 OP752700 Hyde et al. (2023)
D. rayongensis MFLUCC 18-0415TMH457137 MH457172 MH463253 MH463255 Hyde et al. (2020)
MFLUCC 18-0417 MH457138 MH457173 MH463254 MH463256 Hyde et al. (2020)
D. rostrata MFLUCC 16-0969TMG979766 MG979758 MG988424 MG988417 Luo et al. (2018)
DLUCC 0885 MG979767 MG979759 MG988425 N/A Luo et al. (2018)
D. saprophytica MFLUCC 18-1238TMW287780 MW286506 MW396651 MW504069 Dong et al. (2021)
D. septata GZCC 22-0078TON527947 ON527939 ON533683 ON533690 Ma et al. (2022)
D. sinensis HJAUP C2044TOP787875 OP787878 OP961936 N/A Liu et al. (2023)
D. songkhlaensis MFLUCC 18-1234TMW287755 MW286482 MW396642 N/A Dong et al. (2021)
D. suoluoensis MFLUCC 17-0224TMF077557 MF077546 MF135654 N/A Yang et al. (2018)
MFLUCC 17-1305 MF077558 MF077547 N/A N/A Yang et al. (2018)
D. tectonae MFLUCC 12-0291TKX751713 KX751711 KX751710 KX751708 Hyde et al. (2016)
MFLU 20-0262 MT232719 MT232714 N/A N/A Sun et al. (2020)
MFLUCC 16-0946 MG979768 MG979760 MG988426 MG988418 Dong et al. (2021)
D. tectonae GZCC 22-2046 OR348896 OR427330 OR449124 OR449121 This study
D. tectonigena MFLUCC 12-0292TKX751714 KX751712 N/A KX751709 Hyde et al. (2016)
D. thailandica MFLUCC 16-0270TMH260292 MH275060 MH412767 N/A Tibpromma et al. (2018)
D. thysanolaenae KUN-HKAS 102247TMK064091 MK045851 MK086031 N/A Phukhamsak et al. (2019)
D. tropica GZCC 22-0076TON527943 ON527935 ON533679 ON533687 Ma et al. (2022)
D. verrucosa GZCC20-0434TMZ868762 MZ868771 MZ892977 MZ892983 Yang et al. (2021)
D. wuzhishanensis GZCC 22-0077TON527946 ON527938 ON533682 N/A Ma et al. (2022)
D. xishuangbannaensis KUMCC 17-0290TMH260293 MH275061 MH412768 MH412754 Tibpromma et al. (2018)
D. yichunensis HJAUP C1065TOQ942892 OQ942885 OQ944453 OQ944459 Hu et al. (2023)
D. yongxiuensis JAUCC 4725TOK562394 OK562388 OK562406 N/A Zhai et al. (2022)
D. yunjushanensis JAUCC 4723TOK562398 OK562392 OK562410 N/A Zhai et al. (2022)
D. yunnanensis MFLUCC 20-0153TMW081546 MW081541 MW084995 MW151861 Li et al. (2021)
Note: “T” denotes ex-type strain. Newly generated sequences are indicated in black bold. “N/A”: no data available in GenBank.
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Xue-Mei Chen et al.: Identication of two new species and a new host record of Distoseptispora
and Bayesian posterior probability (BYPP) methods. The analyses were based
on LSU, ITS, tefrpb2 combined sequence datasets.
The phylogenetic analyses were conducted using the CIPRES Science Gate-
way V. 3.3. “RAxML-HPC v.8 on XSEDE”, “PAUP on XSEDE”, and “MrBayes on
XSEDE (3.2.7a)” were utilized for ML, MP, and BYPP methods, respectively
(Huelsenbeck and Ronquist 2001; Swofford 2002; Stamatakis et al. 2008; Miller
et al. 2010; Ronquist et al. 2012). For the ML analysis, the GTRGAMMA model
of nucleotide evolution was employed, and RAxML rapid bootstrapping with
1,000 bootstrap replicates was obtained (Stamatakis et al. 2008).
The MP analysis employed 1,000 random taxa additions to infer trees.
Branches of zero length were collapsed, and all multiple parsimonious trees
were saved. The maxtrees value was set to 5,000. For trees generated using
different optimal criteria, parsimony score values were determined for tree
length (TL), consistency index (CI), retention index (RI), and homoplasy in-
dex (HI). To assess clade stability, the bootstrap (BT) method was used with
1,000 iterations, each consisting of 100 trials of random stepwise addition of
taxa (Hillis and Bull 1993).
The posterior probabilities (PP) were determined based on Bayesian Markov
chain Monte Carlo sampling (Huelsenbeck and Ronquist 2001). The best nu-
cleotide substitution model for each data partition was determined using the
program MrModeltest 2.2 (Nylander 2004). The GTR + I + G substitution mod-
el with gamma rates and Dirichlet base frequencies was selected for all LSU,
ITS, tef rpb2 sequences. To calculate the posterior probabilities, four
simultaneous Markov chains were run for one million generations, with trees
sampled every 100th generation, resulting in a total of 10,000 trees. A burn-in
the burn-in phase, and the remaining trees were used for calculating the poste-
rior probabilities in the majority rule consensus tree.
FigTree v. 1.4.4. was used for visualizing the phylogenetic trees, and Adobe
Phylogenetic analyses results
This study utilized a combined multi-gene dataset encompassing ITS, LSU,
tef rpb2 sequences to assess the phylogenetic relationships among
Distoseptispora species. The analyses included a total of 90 taxa, designating
Aquapteridospora aquatica X.D. Yu, W. Dong & H. Zhang (MFLUCC 17-2371) as
the outgroup taxon. The combined aligned sequence matrix comprised 3,360
characters, including gaps: LSU (1–840 bp), ITS (841–1406 bp), tef
2321 bp), and rpb2 (2322–3360 bp). The ML, MP, and Bayesian trees analyzed
-
which is presented in Fig. 1. The matrix encompassed 1572 distinct align-
-
bution shape parameter α-
mained unchanged, 330 were variable and parsimoniously uninformative, and
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MycoKeys 102: 83–105 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.102.115452
Xue-Mei Chen et al.: Identication of two new species and a new host record of Distoseptispora
Figure 1. Phylogenetic tree generated from ML analysis based on a combination of LSU, ITS, tef1-a, and rpb2 sequence
are given near the nodes as ML/PP/MP. The tree is rooted with Aquapteridospora aquatica (MFLUCC 17-2371). Ex-type
strains are indicated by the superscript T. The new collections are in bold red text.
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MycoKeys 102: 83–105 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.102.115452
Xue-Mei Chen et al.: Identication of two new species and a new host record of Distoseptispora
1074 were parsimoniously informative. The most parsimonious tree yielded the
BYPP analysis, Bayesian posterior probabilities from MCMC were evaluated
-
in DistoseptisporaDistoseptispo-
ra hainanensis (GZCC 22-047) formed a sister clade to D. multiseptata strains
statistical support. Distoseptispora lanceolatispora (GZCC 22-2045) formed a sis-
ter clade to D. neorostrata
statistical support. In addition, our new collection GZCC 22-2046 clustered togeth-
er with three D. tectonae
ML and 0.96 PP statistical support, indicating they represent the same species.
Taxonomy
Distoseptispora hainanensis X.M. Chen & Y.Z. Lu, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum: IF900953
Facesoffungi Number: FoF14663
Fig. 2
Etymology. The epithet refers to the location “Hainan Province” where the ho-
lotype was collected.
Holotype. GZAAS 22-2047.
Description. Saprobic on decaying wood in terrestrial habitat. Sexual
morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Colonies-
cial, effuse, dark brown, and hairy. Mycelium mostly immersed, composed of
branched, septate, brown to dark brown, smooth hyphae. Conidiophores 70–
–
the apex, cylindrical, 4–6-septate, slightly constricted and darkened at septa,
unbranched, thick-walled. Conidiogenous cells
–
cylindrical, slightly tapering towards the apex, brown, percurrent. Conidia 44–
–
or obpyriform, rostrate, truncate at the base, straight or slightly curved, up to
22-distoseptate, slightly constricted at septa, brown, verrucose.
Culture characteristics.
raised center and lobate edge, pale gray in the center, grayish brown in the out-
er ring from the front view, dark brown in the center, and blackish brown in the
outer ring from the reverse view.
Material examined.
15 May 2021, Xia Tang, HN02 (GZAAS 22-2047, holotype), ex-type living culture,
GZCC 22-2047.
Notes. Morphologically, Distoseptispora hainanensis is similar to D. effusa
L.L. Liu & Z.Y. Liu in having macronematous conidiophores, monoblastic conid-
iogenous cells, and acrogenous, obclavate, rostrate conidia (Yang et al. 2021).
However, conidia of D. hainanensis are up to 22-distoseptate, whereas those
of D. effusa are only 4–9-distoseptate. In the phylogenetic analyses, D. hainan-
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Xue-Mei Chen et al.: Identication of two new species and a new host record of Distoseptispora
Figure 2. Distoseptispora hainanensis (GZAAS 22-2047, holotype) a, b colonies on substrate c–e conidiophores and
conidia f–h conidiogenous cells bearing conidia i, j conidiophores k–q conidia r, s colony on PDA (r from front s from
c, d, f–j, l–qe, k).
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Xue-Mei Chen et al.: Identication of two new species and a new host record of Distoseptispora
ensis formed a distinct clade sister to D. multiseptata Jiao Yang & K.D. Hyde
Distoseptispora
hainanensis differs from D. multiseptata in having brown, longer conidiophores
vs.
vs.
DNA sequence data, D. hainanensis diverges from D. multiseptata (MFLUCC 15-
difference), in tef
for rpb2 of D. multiseptata (MFLUCC 15-0609) in GenBank. Hence, the novel
species, D. hainanensis, is introduced, following the guidelines of Jeewon and
Hyde (2016) and Chethana et al. (2021).
Distoseptispora lanceolatispora X.M. Chen & Y.Z. Lu, sp. nov.
Index Fungorum: IF900954
Facesoffungi Number: FoF14664
Fig. 3
Etymology. Referring to the lanceolate conidia.
Holotype. GZAAS 22-2045.
Description. Saprobic on submerged decaying wood in freshwater habitat.
Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Colonies on substrate effuse,
gregarious, hairy, pale brown to brown. Mycelium mostly immersed, composed
of septate, yellow-brown to brown, smooth hyphae. Conidiophores 120–190
–
-
pering towards the apex, cylindrical, 7–8-septate, unbranched, thick-walled,
smooth-walled. Conidiogenous cells
–
the apex, pale brown, percurrent. Conidia
–
base, straight or slightly curved, 5–13-distoseptate, slightly constricted at sep-
ta, olivaceous to olivaceous brown, slightly paler at the apex, verrucous, with or
without apical, hyaline appendages.
Culture characteristics.
to dark gray, radially striated, and a ring in the middle of the colonies with an
entire edge from the front view, dark brown to black with a circular, gray edge
from reverse view, not pigmented.
Material examined. , Hainan Province, on submerged decaying wood
in a freshwater stream, 23 October 2021, Jian Ma, J13 (GZAAS 22-2045, holo-
type), ex-type living culture, GZCC 22-2045.
Notes. Distoseptispora lanceolatispora is morphologically similar to D. leonen-
sis (M.B. Ellis) R. Zhu & H. Zhang. However, compared to D. lanceolatispora, D.
leonensis -
vs.
lanceolate conidia (Zhang et al. 2022). In the phylogenetic analyses (Fig. 1), D.
lanceolatispora forms a unique clade adjacent to D. neorostrata D.F. Bao, Z.L. Luo
-
otide comparison of ITS and LSU sequences, D. lanceolatispora deviates from
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Figure 3. Distoseptispora lanceolatispora (GZAAS 22-2045, holotype) a, b colonies on substrate c–e conidiophores and
conidia f, g conidiogenous cells bearing conidia h–k conidia l germinated conidium m, n colony on PDA (m from front
nc–gh–l).
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D. neorostrata
there is no data available for tefrpb2 for D. neorostrata (MFLUCC 18-0376)
in GenBank. Hence, we introduce the new species, D. lanceolatispora, based on
the criteria established by Jeewon and Hyde (2016) and Chethana et al. (2021).
Distoseptispora tectonae Doilom & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 80: 222 (2016)
Index Fungorum: IF552223
Facesoffungi number: FoF01877
Fig. 4
Description. Saprobic on dead twigs of Edgeworthia chrysantha. Sexual morph:
Undetermined. Asexual morph: Colonies on natural substrate abundant, super-
Conidiophores
–
-
itary, pale brown to dark brown, cylindrical, 2–4-septate, slightly constricted
at the septa, unbranched, thick-walled. Conidiogenous cells
–
cylindrical, slightly tapering towards the apex, brown to reddish brown, percur-
rent. Conidia
–
(x
–
–
-
trate, straight or curved, tapering towards the apex, 9–39-distoseptate, oliva-
ceous-green when young, dark reddish brown at maturity, verrucose.
Culture characteristics. Conidia germinating on PDA within 24 h, colonies
-
form edge. The reverse side is dark gray with a circular, pale reddish-gray edge,
not pigmented.
Material examined. , Guizhou Province, Guiyang City, Guiyang Medic-
inal Botanical Garden, on dead twigs of Edgeworthia chrysantha, 20 August
2022, Xia Tang, JX30 (GZAAS 22-2046), living culture, GZCC 22-2046.
Known host and distribution. Tectona grandis (Thailand, Hyde et al. 2016), on
dead stems (Thailand, Sun et al. 2020), on dead, submerged, decaying wood of
al. 2022), and dead twig and branch of Edgeworthia chrysantha (China, this study).
Notes. Distoseptispora tectonae
Tectona grandis in Thailand (Hyde et al. 2016). Since then, this species has
et al. 2016; Sun et al. 2020; Dong et al. 2021; Zhang et al. 2022). In the phy-
logenetic tree (Fig. 1), our new isolate forms a close lineage to D. tectonae
pairwise nucleotide comparisons of ITS, LSU, tefrpb2, our new isolate
diverges from D. tectonae
tef
for rpb2. In addition, the morphological characteristics of our isolate match
well with the holotype description of D. tectonae (Hyde et al. 2016). This study
reports a new host record of Distoseptispora tectonae on dead twigs of Edge-
worthia chrysantha in China.
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Xue-Mei Chen et al.: Identication of two new species and a new host record of Distoseptispora
Figure 4. Distoseptispora tectonae (GZAAS 22-2046) a, b colonies on substrate c, d conidiophores and conidia
e, f conidiophores g–k conidia l germinated conidium m, n colonies on PDA (m from front n from reverse) Scale bars:
c, d, g–le, f).
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Xue-Mei Chen et al.: Identication of two new species and a new host record of Distoseptispora
Discussion
Distoseptispora is one of the sporidesmium-like taxa and is well-known for its
asexual morph, which has considerable morphological variations (Su et al. 2016;
Yang et al. 2018, 2021). However, the phylogenetic analyses suggest a lack of cor-
relation between phylogenetic relationships and morphological analyses. For in-
stance, species such as D. appendiculata D.F. Bao, Z.L. Luo & H.Y. Su, D. atroviridis
J. Yang & K.D. Hyde, D. caricis Crous, D. fusiformis J. Yang & K.D. Hyde, D. lanceo-
latispora, D. leonensis, D. neorostrata, D. palmarum S.N. Zhang, K.D. Hyde & J.K. Liu,
and D. saprophytica W. Dong, H. Zhang & K.D. Hyde cluster together as a subclade
in the phylogenetic tree (see Fig. 1). In contrast, morphological analysis reveals
-
enous cells, and conidia (Crous et al. 2019; Hyde et al. 2019; Luo et al. 2019; Dong
et al. 2021; Yang et al. 2021; Zhang et al. 2022). This disparity is common within
the genus. We recommend adopting a combination approach using molecular and
Worth noting, among the various species of Distoseptispora, D. martinii (J.L.
Crane & Dumont) J.W. Xia & X.G. Zhang stands out due to its unique morpho-
logical characteristics, especially its oblate or subglobose conidia, distinguish-
ing it from other species within Distoseptispora (Xia et al. 2017). The species
was initially introduced as Acrodictys martinii J.L. Crane & Dumont by Crane
and Dumont (1975) based on morphological characteristics. Then, it underwent
several taxonomic revisions based solely on morphology (Baker et al. 2002;
Acrodictys martinii as D. mar-
tinii based on genetic analysis. However, the morphological traits of D. martinii
greatly diverge from typical Distoseptispora features (Crane and Dumont 1975;
Xia et al. 2017). Therefore, we suggest additional collections and analysis of
D. martinii specimens to ensure the reliability of the provided DNA sequence
data.
In recent years, Distoseptispora species have been reported worldwide, such
as in China, Hungary, Hawaii, Malaysia, and Thailand (Shoemaker and White
1985; McKenzie 1995; Wu and Zhuang 2005; Zhang et al. 2022). Studies on Dis-
toseptispora have been particularly extensive in China and Thailand (Hyde et al.
2016, 2019, 2020; Su et al. 2016; Yang et al. 2018, 2021; Luo et al. 2019; Sun et
al. 2020; Hu et al. 2023). To date, 73 species of Distoseptispora have been doc-
umented, of which 55 have been recorded in China (including known species,
see Table 2). Our collections further highlight the distribution of the genus in
Table 2. Distoseptispora species and their locations, lifestyles, habitats, hosts, and corresponding references.
Species Country Habitat Host References
D. adscendens China; Hungary;
Hawaii
Terrestrial Decaying wood and decaying branches of
many woody plant species; Platanus orientalis
Shoemaker et al. (1985); McKenzie et al.
(1995); Wu et al. (2005); Zhang et al. (2022)
D. amniculi Thailand Freshwater Submerged decaying wood Yang et al. (2021)
D. appendiculata Thailand Freshwater Submerged decaying wood Luo et al. (2019)
D. aqualignicola China Freshwater Submerged decaying wood Zhang et al. (2022)
D. aquamyces China Freshwater Submerged decaying wood Zhang et al. (2022)
D. aquatica China Freshwater Submerged decaying wood Su et al. (2016); Luo et al. (2019); Li et al. (2021)
D. aquisubtropica China Freshwater Submerged decaying wood Ma et al. (2022)
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Species Country Habitat Host References
D. atroviridis China Freshwater Submerged decaying wood Yang et al. (2021)
D. bambusae China Terrestrial Decaying bamboo culms Sun et al. (2020)
D. bambusicola China Freshwater Submerged bamboo culms Jayawardena et al. (2022)
D. bangkokensis Thailand Freshwater Submerged decaying wood Shen et al. (2021)
D. cangshanensis China Freshwater Submerged decaying wood Luo et al. (2018)
D. caricis Thailand Terrestrial Leaves of Carex sp. Crous et al. (2019)
D. chinensis China Freshwater Submerged decaying wood Hyde et al. (2021)
D. clematidis China; Thailand Freshwater;
Terrestrial
Dried stem of Clematis sikkimensis;
submerged decaying wood
Phukhamsakda et al. (2020); Shen et al. (2021)
D. crassispora China Freshwater Submerged decaying wood Zhang et al. (2022)
D. curvularia China Freshwater Submerged decaying wood Zhang et al. (2022)
D. cylindricospora China Freshwater Submerged decaying wood Phukhamsakda et al. (2022)
D. dehongensis China; Thailand Freshwater Submerged decaying wood Hyde et al. (2019); Zhang et al. (2022)
D. dipterocarpi Thailand Terrestrial Woody litter of Dipterocarpus sp. Afshari et al. (2023)
D. effusa China Freshwater Submerged decaying wood Yang et al. (2021)
D. euseptata China Freshwater Submerged decaying wood Li et al. (2021)
D. fasciculata Thailand Freshwater Submerged decaying wood Dong et al. (2021)
D. uminicola China Freshwater Submerged decaying wood Su et al. (2016); Luo et al. (2018)
D. fusiformis China Freshwater Submerged decaying wood Yang et al. (2021)
D. gasaensis China Terrestrial Decaying branches of broadleaf tree Hu et al. (2023)
D. guanshanensis China Terrestrial Decaying branches of broadleaf tree Hu et al. (2023)
D. guizhouensis China Terrestrial Decaying wood Hyde et al. (2021)
D. guttulata Thailand Freshwater Submerged decaying wood Yang et al. (2018); Luo et al. (2019)
D. hainanensis China Terrestrial Decaying wood This study
D. hyalina Thailand Freshwater Submerged decaying wood Yang et al. (2021)
D. hydei Thailand Terrestrial Decaying bamboo culms Monkai et al. (2020)
D. jinghongensis China Terrestrial Decaying branches of broadleaf tree Hu et al. (2023)
D. lancangjiangensis China Freshwater Submerged decaying wood Shen et al. (2021)
D. lanceolatispora China Freshwater Submerged decaying wood This study
D. leonensis China; Malaysia Terrestrial Decaying culms of grasses or decaying
branches
McKenzie et al. (1995); Wu et al. (2005); Zhang
et al. (2022)
D. licualae Thailand Terrestrial Decaying leaves of Licuala glabra Konta et al. (2023)
D. lignicola China; Thailand Freshwater Submerged decaying wood Luo et al. (2019); Yang et al. (2021)
D. longispora China Freshwater Submerged decaying wood Song et al. (2020)
D. longnanensis China Terrestrial Decaying branches of broadleaf tree Hu et al. (2023)
D. martinii China Terrestrial Decaying branches Xia et al. (2017)
D. meilingensis China Freshwater Decaying bamboo culms Zhai et al. (2022)
D. menghaiensis China Terrestrial Decaying branches of broadleaf tree Hu et al. (2023)
D. menglunensis China Terrestrial Decaying branches of broadleaf tree Hu et al. (2023)
D. mengsongensis China Terrestrial Decaying branches Liu et al. (2023)
D. multiseptata Thailand Freshwater Submerged decaying wood Hyde et al. (2016); Yang et al. (2018)
D. nabanheensis China Terrestrial Decaying branches Liu et al. (2023)
D. nanchangensis China Terrestrial Decaying branches of broadleaf tree Hu et al. (2023)
D. neorostrata Thailand Freshwater Submerged decaying wood Luo et al. (2019)
D. nonrostrata China Freshwater Submerged decaying wood Zhang et al. (2022)
D. obclavata Thailand Freshwater Submerged decaying wood Luo et al. (2019)
D. obpyriformis China Freshwater Submerged decaying wood Luo et al. (2018)
D. pachyconidia China Freshwater;
Terrestrial
Submerged decaying wood; decaying wood Ma et al. (2022); Zhang et al. (2022)
D. palmarum Thailand Terrestrial Rachis of Cocos nucifera Hyde et al. (2019)
D. phangngaensis Thailand Freshwater Submerged decaying wood Yang et al. (2018)
D. phragmiticola China Terrestrial Decaying Phragmites australis Hyde et al. (2023)
D. rayongensis Thailand Freshwater Submerged decaying wood Hyde et al. (2020)
D. rostrata China Freshwater Submerged decaying wood Luo et al. (2018)
D. saprophytica Thailand Freshwater Submerged decaying wood Dong et al. (2021)
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Xue-Mei Chen et al.: Identication of two new species and a new host record of Distoseptispora
China, and we speculate that the country may harbor a greater diversity of the
genus. Thus, future studies are needed to validate this hypothesis.
Acknowledgments
The authors thank Shaun Pennycook, Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research,
New Zealand, for his guidance on the fungal nomenclature and the suggestion
on naming the new taxa. The authors also thank the Guizhou Institute of Tech-
nology for its support of the experiment. Samantha Chandranath Karunarathna
thanks the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Numbers 32260004)
and the High-Level Talent Recruitment Plan of Yunnan Province (“High-End For-
eign Experts” program) for their support.
Additional information
Conict of interest
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Ethical statement
No ethical statement was reported.
Funding
This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC
32360011).
Author contributions
Conceptualization - Xue-Mei Chen and Yong-Zhong Lu; data curation - Xue-Mei Chen, Xia
Tang, Jian Ma, Ning-Guo Liu; formal analysis - Yuan-Pin Xiao, Xue-Mei Chen, Xia Tang,
Jian Ma; funding acquisition - Yong-Zhong Lu; investigation - Saowaluck Tibpromma, Sa-
Species Country Habitat Host References
D. septata China Freshwater Submerged decaying wood Ma et al. (2022)
D. sinensis China Terrestrial Decaying branches Liu et al. (2023)
D. songkhlaensis Thailand Freshwater Submerged decaying wood Dong et al. (2021)
D. suoluoensis China Freshwater Submerged decaying wood Yang et al. (2018)
D. tectonae China; Thailand Terrestrial;
Freshwater
Decaying twig of Tectona grandis; stems
of dead wood; submerged decaying wood;
decaying twigs of Edgeworthia chrysantha
Hyde et al. (2016); Luo et al. (2018);
Sun et al. (2020); Dong et al. (2021); Li et al.
(2021); Zhang et al. (2022); This study
D. tectonigena Thailand Terrestrial Decaying twig of Tectona grandis Hyde et al. (2016)
D. thailandica Thailand Terrestrial Decaying leaves of Pandanus sp. Tibpromma et al. (2018)
D. thysanolaenae China Terrestrial;
Freshwater
Decaying culms of Thysanolaena maxima;
Submerged decaying wood
Phookamsak et al. (2019); Shen et al. (2021)
D. tropica China Terrestrial Decaying wood Ma et al. (2022)
D. verrucosa China Freshwater Submerged decaying wood Yang et al. (2021)
D. wuzhishanensis China Freshwater Submerged decaying wood Ma et al. (2022)
D. xishuangbannaensis China Terrestrial;
Freshwater
Decaying leaves of Pandanus utilis;
submerged decaying wood
Tibpromma et al. (2018); Ma et al. (2022)
D. yichunensis China Terrestrial Decaying branches of broadleaf tree Hu et al. (2023)
D. yongxiuensis China Freshwater Decaying bamboo culms Zhai et al. (2022)
D. yunjushanensis China Freshwater Decaying bamboo culms Zhai et al. (2022)
D. yunnanensis China Freshwater Submerged decaying wood Li et al. (2021)
99
MycoKeys 102: 83–105 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.102.115452
Xue-Mei Chen et al.: Identication of two new species and a new host record of Distoseptispora
mantha C. Karunarathna, Yuan-Pin Xiao, Yong-Zhong Lu; methodology - Xue-Mei Chen,
Yong-Zhong Lu; project administration - Yuan-Pin Xiao, Yong-Zhong Lu; resources -
Yong-Zhong Lu, Saowaluck Tibpromma, Samantha C. Karunarathna; software - Xue-Mei
Chen; supervision - Yong-Zhong Lu, Saowaluck Tibpromma, Samantha C. Karunarathna;
validation - Xue-Mei Chen, Xia Tang, Jian Ma, Ning-Guo Liu; visualization - Saowaluck
Tibpromma, Samantha C. Karunarathna; writing original draft - Xue-Mei Chen; writing,
review and editing - Xue-Mei Chen, Xia Tang, Jian Ma, Ning-Guo Liu, Saowaluck Tibprom-
ma, Samantha C. Karunarathna, Yuan-Pin Xiao, Yong-Zhong Lu. All authors have read
and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
Author ORCIDs
Xue-Mei Chen https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8631-0735
Xia Tang https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2705-604X
Jian Ma https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1291-640X
Ning-Guo Liu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9169-2350
Saowaluck Tibpromma https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4706-6547
Samantha C. Karunarathna https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7080-0781
Yuan-Pin Xiao https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1730-3545
Yong-Zhong Lu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1033-5782
Data availability
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