ChapterPDF Available

Âşıklık Geleneğinin Kayıp Yüzyılları: Âşık Edebiyatının Mahiyeti ve Oluşum Sürecine Dair Birtakım Yeni Mülahazalar

Authors:

Abstract

Edebiyatımızda XVI. yüzyıldan itibaren başlatılan âşıklık geleneğinin XVI. yüzyıl ve öncesini kapsayan süreçte ozanlık geleneğiyle eşzamanlı olarak var olup olmadığı, bu süreçte şaman ya da kamlıktan ozanlığa ve akabinde âşıklığa geçiş sırasında gelenek aktarıcılarının dinî ve manevi vasıflarını muhafaza edip edemedikleri, genel kabulde olduğu gibi ozanların ve sonrasında âşıkların icra mahallerinin yalnızca kahvehaneler, asker ocakları ya da destanlar ile halk hikâyelerinin anlatıldığı meclisler olup olmadığı, şaman ya da kamın kutsal sazı olan kopuzun bu kutsiyetini İslam dini çatısı altında sürdürüp sürdüremediği soruları yeniden ve farklı bakış açılarıyla tartışılmalıdır. En önemlisi de tasavvufi gelenekten adını aldığı kabul edilen âşıklığın tasavvufun Anadolu’da en parlak devrini yaşadığı XIII. yüzyılda dinî ve tasavvufi şiirler söyleyen icracıların tamamının dil, icra bağlamı ve ortaya koydukları metinlerin şekil ve içerik özelliklerine bakılmaksızın neden âşık değil de tekke şairi olarak adlandırıldığı ve âşıklık geleneği içerisinde sınıflandırılmadığı gibi soruların bu dönemlere ait yazılı kaynaklar ve metinler üzerinden yanıtlanması ve yorumlanması âşıklık geleneğinin varlığına dair birçok ipucuna sahip olduğumuz ancak doğrudan âşıkları ve şiirlerini konu edinen yazılı kaynakların yetersizliğinden dolayı kayda geçmediğini düşündüğümüz XIII. ve XVI. yüzyıl arasındaki üç asırlık dönem üzerinde yeniden düşünmemizi sağlayacaktır. Mevcut literatürde XVI. yüzyıldan itibaren teşekkül etmeye başladığı ve hemen sorasında “Kalenderi, Hurufi ve Bektaşi edebiyatı tesiri altına girdiği”4 belirtilen âşıklık geleneğinin Yunus Emre’nin ya da Kaygusuz Abdal’ın yaşadığı XIII. yüzyıldan itibaren ozanlıktan yavaş yavaş ayrışarak oluşmaya başlayıp başlamadığının sorgulanmasının ya da bu yüzyıllarda âşıkların mevcut olup olmadığının, mevcutlarsa hangi mecralarda icra yaptıklarının irdelenmesinin, belki de en önemlisi ozanların ve saz eşliğinde şiir söyleyen tekke şairlerinin âşıklık geleneği çatısı altında değerlendirilip değerlendirilemeyeceği sorusunun yanıtlanmasının âşık edebiyatının oluşum sürecinin tespitinde önemli bir problemin çözümüne kapı aralayacağı kuşkusuzdur.
Prof. Dr.
Mustafa ARSLAN
Editörler
 
Prof. Dr.
Mustafa ARSLAN
Editörler
 
ISBN: 978-625-6579-73-6

Sertifika No: 69606

Fetvane Sokak No: 29/A

e-mail: fahrigoker@gmail.com


Matbaa

Sertifika No: 70835



Ekim 2023
v
İÇİNDEKİLER
 .................................................................................................................... xi
PROF. DR. MUSTAFA ARS I .... 1
HATIRA VE AİLE YAZILARI
 .............................................................................................................. 31
Aybike ARSLAN ÖZBULAK
 ............................................................................. 35
Yakup KASKA
 .......................................................................................................... 37
Abdullah TEMİZKAN
ARAŞTIRMA YAZILARI
 .................................... 43
Hakan ACAR

 ............................................................. 61
Bülent AKIN
 ....................................................................... 85
Selahattin AKŞİT
Flora Rossica
 ............................................................................................................. 91
Salih Mehmet ARÇIN
 ................................................................................................ 103
Naila ASKAR
 ....................... 113
Sagıp ATLI

 ............................................................................................................... 137
Özgür Kasım AYDEMİR

 ............................................................................................................... 149
Nermin ER AYDEMİR
Âşıklık Geleneğinin Kayıp Yüzyılları: Âşık Edebiyatının Mahiyeti ve Oluşum
Sürecine Dair Birtakım Yeni Mülahazalar
Bülent AKIN*
Sual eylen bizden evvel gelene
Kim var imiş biz burada yok iken?
-Karacaoğlan-
      




        

onun da a
         
-

         
 
      


         
        

       
    








  
--
        - 

        

62 | Prof. Dr. Mustafa 
 -

          
        
 
-64).

alt         
        
        
1

         



3. 





ma

         
 


       

        şeylan   
   
           
        


1

         
    

63
        
        
        

       
         
         



          
         
      leri bu


        
  
-
        

Be     
2

        
       

ozan-

        
         
         

         
           
  
       
           

 
  -
           
        
-
        
         
2


64 | Prof. Dr. Mustafa 
   
        
r.
3


        
       
         
         
       

         

     

        
 
        

 
         
      


         
       
        
         
         

         


          

   
         
 
  
       
3

         
  
         

65
        

    
4
  
        
        

           
     


1. Âşıklık Geleneğinin Mahiyeti ve Kökleri
         

       

        
       
       
        

 
       - 
    
    
    
5
 
         
 

      
         

anlamda k    -XX., hatta XVII- 
         
          
    
         
         


4


5


66 | Prof. Dr. Mustafa 
           
   yetin temel
        
        
 
           
           

      

        


     

        

  -i



biliyor mu?


        
         
       
-

yapabilen    
      âşık olarak
        
          




         

          
-
        
         
67
  
        




           




         


         

        


         
      
     




 
         

       
        

       


        


          

       

 
dir.
68 | Prof. Dr. Mustafa 




          
         
romantik un      



          -

         

          
        
         

         


           

        

         da



fazla 


         
  

         
   
 
        
      
        

     

69
       


   -      
 

        
 
         
           
            
          
-
ile sihirli-
        

         
-16).
6


           


          



     
-



        

          
    

       
7
 


    

6


7

70 | Prof. Dr. Mustafa 
        
         
       
         

       

 

        
 

        



           
Hamza ve Y         


 
          


       

          

             
        
       
   -    
1999, s. 162-
        
       
        
-         



        


 
-
71


       
-  
me
       


h
       - 
       
        
         
       




  -      
     
  
bir k
      

2. Âşık Tarzı Şiir Geleneğinin Teşekkül Ettiği Yüzyıllar Üzerine Yeniden
Düşünmek

          

        
           
      



         
      
        

       
gerekmektedir.
          
 i ve
  
72 | Prof. Dr. Mustafa 

         


    -  -   
menkabelerin       
       -ve
  -      
        
-169).
       


         
         
mahiyetteki tarikat       
         
        
         

-
4-


la-
       -  

mahlas
-    
        
        
kanaatindeyiz
 
          
        
        

        dilmesinin
       
8

leri
          
8


73
         






         

         
  


           
          
       
  -       
tasavv
        


 
    



-







74 | Prof. Dr. Mustafa 

-





        
         

        edikleri
bilgisidir.



8).


   
Yunus E









75








        iri de tekke

 
         lhassa Yunus
         



              

 
9

       
        









9



   

76 | Prof. Dr. Mustafa 










Yazmakdan us







-390).

           

-
--
         

           
       
-
Mantıku’t-Tayr 

kopuzun kut

-telli saz ile (Gazimihal, 1975, s. 123).
77

 107).
           
   
 

1




   
a             
        

 


       

 

         


        

         



   
    
           
         
      
      
        -Derya
         
        
1

78 | Prof. Dr. Mustafa 
    


         
          
     
          

2
Dede
        


         
            
yle
            

    
sonra alp ozan
        
      Uşun Koca Oğlı Segrek boyunda,
        



          

       

          
  
ve        
     

Korkut         
       


  
        
       


2
         

79

        


-00, s. 464)


ilham
      


  
3
     
     

         
       
         
     

        
        



   -      
    Kitâbü’l-İdrâk li-Lisâni’l-
Etrâk         
      ne uzanan
       
-134). Asker
    
olar



4



3
 


4

 
80 | Prof. Dr. Mustafa 
     

          
        
         
Firâknâme-i Sultan Bayezid 
2007, s. 144-145).



-



-94).





  
      
5
  

         
         
a          
         

   -     

         

        
          
 
6
        

5


6

81


    
7
   
 
         
         
         
usu


        
       

Sonuç
 
          
        




     
  
         

       
           

konul
         

nde gelen temsilcileri olarak tarih sahnesinde yerini alan Hasan

         

 

   
7

        
  
  

         

82 | Prof. Dr. Mustafa 
         
  
         
          
 
     
ya
  

erken bir         



Kaynaklar
Zâkirlik Geleneğinin Değişen Yaratım ve İcra Ortamı Zâkirlikten
Âşıklığa Âşık Niyazi
         
Uluslararası Halkbilimi Araştırmaları Dergisi, C. 2, S. 3, ss. 93-109.
          
 Türk Dünyası İncelemeleri Dergisi, S. 20/ ss. 135-162, DOI:
10.32449/egetdid.725904.
Alvan, T. (2022). Saz ve söz arasında Yunus Emre ilahileri. -
-      

         Türk
Dünyası İncelemeleri Dergisi, S. 15/1, ss. 1-6.
Artun, E. (2011). Âşıklık geleneği ve âşık edebiyatı. Adana: Karahan Kitabevi.
Folklor/edebiyat C. 19, S.
75, ss. 73-116.
Aslan, E. (2008). Türk halk edebiyatı. Anka
Assmann, J. (2015). Kültürel bellek eski yüksek kültürlerde yazı hatırlama ve politik
kimlik
Uluslararası Halkbilimi Araştırmaları Dergisi, C.
3, S. 4, ss. 168-193.
Folklor Yazıları
Boratav, P. N. (1982). Folklor edebiyat I-

ek: Meyhaneler. Türkbilig, S. 35, ss. 233-244.
83
          
. Uluslararası Beşeri Bilimler ve
Eğitim Dergisi, S. 12, ss. 1037-1063.
Türk edebiyatında Hz. Ali cenknâmeleri

   Âşık tarzı kültür geleneği ve destan türü  

Durbilmez, B. (2008). Âşık edebiyatı araştırmaları Taşpınarlı halk şairleri. Ankara:

Türk halk edebiyatına giriş
Eliade, M. (1999). Şamanizm ilkel esrime teknikleri  

Ergin, M. (1997). Dede Korkut Kitabı-I giriş-metin-faksimile   

Ersal, M. - Ak
TEKE Uluslararası Türkçe Edebiyat Kültür Eğitim Dergisi, S. 7/4, ss. 2369-
2408.
Alevilik Bektaşilik
Araştırmaları Dergisi S. 1, 188-205.
Ersal, M. (2019). Alevi Cem Zâkirliği.

Türkiyat Araştırmaları Enstitüsü Dergisi [TAED], S. 59,
ss. 41-73.
Gazimihal, M. R. (1975). Ülkelerde kopuz ve tezeneli sazlarımız

   Âşık tarzı şiir geleneği ve rüya motifi   

Yunus Emre hayatı, eserleri ve şiirlerinden seçmeler.
Ankara: Semih Ofset.
         Türk
Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Dergisi, S. 97, ss. 111-122.
Tarihte ve bugün Şamanizm
KTürk Kültürü ve
Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Dergisi, S. 94, ss. 161-169.
  -   -  
gazeller. Millî Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi (MİKAD) C.1- S. 2, 95-107.
Türk Edebiyatında İlk Mutasavvıflar
84 | Prof. Dr. Mustafa 
    Edebiyat araştırmaları    

Saz şairleri I-V
Âşık şiiri (XVI.-XX: Yüzyıl)-2, Edt. Talat
-
178.
Erzurum âşıklık geleneği
2013). Bursa’nın Yunus’u Âşık Yunus
            III.
Milletlerarası Türk Folklor Kongresi Bildirileri, C. 1, Genel Konular,

Saka   İslamiyet'in Kabulünden Sonraki İlk Halk Şairleri. Halk
-94.
           

  Yunus Emre'nin gönül çocuğu Bursalı Âşık Yunus

Yavuz, K. (2000). Âşık Paşa Garib-nâme I/1, 1/2
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any citations for this publication.
Article
Full-text available
This study focuses on the poets who use Sefil (means poor/wretch) pseudonym and Sefil pseudonym in Turkish Folk Literature. The study aims to make some explanations about the reasons of pseudonym usage by focusing on a common pseudonym with the transfer of poets with the same pseudonym while drawing attention to the reasons of pseudonym usage. In the study, a list of folk poets using Sefil pseudonym and their determination from many conks (a kind of diary or notepad which contains poetries) in private and official libraries are also given. It was determined that seventy-four folk poets used the pseudonym “Sefil”. Thus, it will be seen that folk poets, who preferred the pseudonym of “Sefil”, also facilitated the clues about both time and place and the lore and sufism circles to which they belong. Since the use of pseudonym in poetry is common, it is not possible to restrict a particular pseudonym using a specific Sufi school. However, it is possible to say that the poets who used the pseudonym “Sefil” is mostly in circles with Alawi Bektashi poetry tradition. In order to facilitate the understanding of this issue, both the list of poets who use the “Sefil” pseudonym in the selected cönks, which is evaluated for this study and the works of poets who use the “Sefil” pseudonym will be given with examples. As a result, the study dealt with the people of “Sefil” pseudonym poets and by calling himself/ herself “Sefil”, he/she pulls himself/herself into ruin and gives the impression that he/she has avoided the arrogance and ego that he/she has loaded and tries to direct. The poet expresses the depth and influence in his/her poetry with his/her pseudonym “Sefil”, which he/she prefers to attract himself/ herself to modesty or to protect himself/herself modestly
Article
That the poet acquires a nickname according to his temperament and the concept of "pseudonym" that the poet used that name in the text of the poems that he wrote has started under the influence of Iran in the Divan poetry and has become a tradition in. The use of pseudonym seen in our literature since XIIIth century has placed in the form of adoption in some poets, however in others it has appeared in the form of pseudonym changes in different period and in the divans. It is seen that the same tradition has continued in modern poetry from time to time. Although the wind of Westernization starting in literature and art during the Tanzimat period has resulted in a break away from classical poetry enjoyment and a drastic change in the conception of the poetry, it is not possible to say that the traditional elements has completely disappeared. The poets who exhibited an attitude in favor of the classic poem in the old-new debate have made efforts to continue this tradition and even have taken part in the endless discussion with the artists in favor of western literature. Even though the efforts to keep alive the classic poem has been fruitless and western poetry enjoyment has settled, the traditional values and motives in the art of poetry has perpetuated its presence in the background. The traditional elements may be found not only in the works of the artists who have insisted on the preservation of traditional values but also in the works of poets who fully embraced the western poetry. A kind of the use of pseudonym which manifests that the poet gives a place to his own name in the text of the poem is often encountered in the modern poetry. The purpose of this study is to illustrate the traces of this tradition in modern poetry by explaining the tradition of pseudonym and the use of name.
Article
Türk halk şiirinin ortaya çıkış ve yaşamasında Alevî- Bektaşî âşıklık–zâkirlik geleneğinin önemli bir payı vardır. Alevî-Bektaşî âşıklarının şiirleri üzerine metin merkezli birçok çalışma ortaya konulmuştur. Bu makalede, metin merkezli çalışmalarda ihmal edilen bir yön olan şairin yaratımını etkileyen şartlar üzerine odaklanılacaktır. Alevî âşık ve zâkiri olan Battal Dalkılıç örnekleminde, inanç sisteminin ve icra ortamının sanatçının yaratımına etkisi ortaya konulmaya çalışılacaktır. Âşık-zâkir kelimelerinin kelime anlamlarına değinilerek, zâkirlerin sanatını icra ettiği cem ritüllerindeki hizmetleri ve bu hizmetlerde icra edilmek üzere yaratılmış şiirleri incelenecektir. Bu incelemede, Battal Dalkılıç’ın zâkirlik hizmeti yaptığı Çubuk Havzası Alevî Ocakları’nda icra edilen cem ritüellerindeki zâkirlik hizmetleri temel alınacaktır.
Zâkirlik Geleneğinin Değişen Yaratım ve İcra Ortamı Zâkirlikten Âşıklığa Âşık Niyazi
  • B Akın
Akın, B. (2016). Zâkirlik Geleneğinin Değişen Yaratım ve İcra Ortamı Zâkirlikten Âşıklığa Âşık Niyazi. Ankara: Barış Kitap.
Uluslararası Halkbilimi Araştırmaları Dergisi, C. 2, S. 3, ss
  • B Akın
Akın, B. (2019). Kültürel belleğin kutsal taşıyıcıları: Alevi cem zâkirleri. Uluslararası Halkbilimi Araştırmaları Dergisi, C. 2, S. 3, ss. 93-109.
Kopuzdan "Telli Kuran"a Türklerde sazın kültürel serüveni ve kutsallığı. Türk Dünyası İncelemeleri Dergisi
  • B Akın
Akın, B. (2020). Kopuzdan "Telli Kuran"a Türklerde sazın kültürel serüveni ve kutsallığı. Türk Dünyası İncelemeleri Dergisi, S. 20/ ss. 135-162, DOI: 10.32449/egetdid.725904.
Saz ve söz arasında Yunus Emre ilahileri
  • T Alvan
Alvan, T. (2022). Saz ve söz arasında Yunus Emre ilahileri. Yunus Emre Hayatı-Düşünceleri-Eserleri. Edt. Celalettin Vatandaş vd., Ankara: TBMM Basımevi.
Âşıklık geleneği ve âşık edebiyatı
  • E Artun
Artun, E. (2011). Âşıklık geleneği ve âşık edebiyatı. Adana: Karahan Kitabevi.
Çukurova âşıklık geleneğinde atışma. Folklor/edebiyat C. 19, S. 75, ss
  • E Artun
Artun, E. (2013). Çukurova âşıklık geleneğinde atışma. Folklor/edebiyat C. 19, S. 75, ss. 73-116.