Small water bodies in agricultural areas as important habitats for euglenoids in Poland

Abstract

Temporary water bodies of glacial origin, known as kettle holes, are typical elements of the young moraine landscape in many countries. Unfortunately, they are very exposed to effects of anthropogenic changes, especially in agricultural areas. Due to their small area and depth, as well as to the great fluctuations in water level, they create specific conditions for organisms that inhabit them. Consequently, kettle holes are unique biodiversity hotspots in landscape, rich in some microalgal species, particularly euglenoids (euglenophytes). In this study, the taxonomic composition of euglenoids was studied in three temporary water bodies in an agricultural landscape of Wielkopolska Province (western Poland). In total, 65 euglenoid taxa were identified there during one year. Euglenoids in the investigated field ponds were the most species-rich group of microalgae. They accounted for 26% of the total number of phytoplankton taxa. According to the constancy (frequency) of occurrence most of the species were incidental. The most common taxa were: Trachelomonas volvocina, Euglenaformis proxima, Trachelomonas intermedia, Lepocinclis tripteris, and Lepocinclis acus. The high species richness of euglenoids in aquatic ecosystems of agricultural areas shows how valuable ponds are for preserving local biodiversity and for aquatic food webs. The small water bodies in farmlands should be protected against progressive anthropogenic eutrophication and degradation.

Full text

„


ГОДИШНИК
на СофийСкия универСитет
«Св. климент охридСки»
Биологически факултет
Книга 2 – Ботаника
ANNUAL
of Sofia Un i ve r S it y
«St. Kliment ohridSKi»
Faculty of Biology
Book 2 – Botany
Том/Volume 107

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Editor-in-Chief 
Editorial Board 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assistant Editor 
 
 
 
 
 

  S         

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
    


         





 
     
 
 

5
ГОДИШНИК НА СОФИЙСКИЯ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ „СВ. КЛИМЕНТ ОХРИДСКИ“
БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИ ФАКУЛТЕТ
Книга 2 – Ботаника
Том 107, 2023
ANNUAL OF SOFIA UNIVERSITY “ST. KLIMENT OHRIDSKI”
FACULTY OF BIOLOGY
Book 2 – Botany
Volume 107, 2023
      

*
Department of Botany, Faculty of Agronomy, Horticulture, and Bioengineering, Poznań
University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznań, Poland
Abstract.     
    
               
    

           



              
       Trachelomonas volvocina Euglenaformis proxima
Trachelomonas intermedia Lepocinclis tripteris  Lepocinclis acus     



Keywords:       

corresponding author
   

https://doi.org/10.60066/GSU.BIOFAC.Bot.107.5-16

 

      e.g.,



   



  

 

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       
 

        

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




  








e.g.

            


&


 




 

&


e.g.,



 



  




  

  
         














Fig. 1
Fig. 2

       




 

           
 Table 1Astasia
Colacium, Discoplastis, Euglena, Euglenaformis, Euglenaria, Lepocinclis, Mono
morphina, Phacus, Strombomonas Trachelomonas 
Trachelomonas



Trachelomonas
    

Trachelomonas


  

Table 1
Fig. 1.

      


 
           
        
Trachelomonas sydneyensis 
 


Table 1.

Taxa Type of constancy
absolutely
permanent
permanent accessory incidental
Astasia  +
Colacium mucronatum 

+
Colacium  +
Colacium vesiculosum  +
Discoplastis angusta 

+
Euglena clara  +
Euglena deses 

+
Euglena hemichromata  +
Euglena texta  +
Euglena truncata  +
Euglena viridis 

+
Euglenaformis proxima 

+
Euglenaria caudata 

+
Euglenaria clavata 

+
Lepocinclis acicularis  +
Lepocinclis acus 

+
Lepocinclis fusiformis

+
Lepocinclis globulus  +
Lepocinclis hispidula  +
Fig. 2.Euglena textaPhacus longi-
caudaLepocinclis oxyurisTrachelomonas armataLepocinclis tripterisEuglena
desesLepocinclis spirogyroides
   Lepocinclis
PhacusTrachelo-
monas volvocina

T. volvocina

Euglenaformis proximaT. hispida

 
Taxa Type of constancy
absolutely
permanent
permanent accessory incidental
Lepocinclis ovum 

+
Lepocinclis oxyuris 

+
Lepocinclis spirogyroides 

+
Lepocinclis steinii 

+
Lepocinclis tripteris 

+
Lepocinclis  +
Monomorphina pyrum 

+
Phacus acuminatus  +
Phacus alatus  +
Phacus caudatus  +
Phacus clavatus  +
Phacus curvicauda  +
Phacus limnophilus 
 
+
Phacus longicauda  +
Phacus onyx  +
Phacus orbicularis  +
Phacus parvulus  +
Phacus pusillus  +
Phacus  +
Strombomonas acuminata 

+
Strombomonas  +
Trachelomonas armata 

+
Trachelomonas caudata 

+
Trachelomonas cylindrica  +
Trachelomonas dubia  +
Trachelomonas duplex 

+
Taxa Type of constancy
absolutely
permanent
permanent accessory incidental
Trachelomonas globularis 

+
Trachelomonas globularis crenulato-
collis 
+
Trachelomonas hispida  +
Trachelomonas hispida coronata

+
Trachelomonas hispida crenulato-
collis 
+
Trachelomonas hispida  volicensis

+
Trachelomonas intermedia 

+
Trachelomonas manginii  +
Trachelomonas oblonga  +
Trachelomonas oblonga  pulcher-
rima 
+
Trachelomonas pseudobulla  +
Trachelomonas pusilla  +
Trachelomonas rugulosa  +
Trachelomonas  +
Trachelomonas sydneyensis  +
Trachelomonas verrucosa  +
Trachelomonas volvocina 

+
Trachelomonas volvocina  dere-
phora 
+
Trachelomonas volvocinopsis  +
Trachelomonas woycickii  +


   
   



 


        











References
&


  &      



&

     

    &      
  

      &  



&


  &       
       

&Trachelomonas
Planktothrix agardhii

   &        

  &       
         

&
       

       
     


       

&

       

&


&

            





    &      
        




      &   




ГОДИШНИК НА СОФИЙСКИЯ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ „СВ. КЛИМЕНТ ОХРИДСКИ“
БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИ ФАКУЛТЕТ
Книга 2 – Ботаника
Том 107, 2023
ANNUAL OF SOFIA UNIVERSITY “ST. KLIMENT OHRIDSKI”
FACULTY OF BIOLOGY
Book 2 – Botany
Volume 107, 2023

     
   


2
1Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 8 Dragan
Tsankov blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
2Institut für Botanik, Universität Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
Abstract. 
  


 
          
   

  

    
 
 

Keywords:   

corresponding author




 


  
&       

  &        

  &    Trachelomonas    
        
        

&


Received 30th September 2023
Accepted 17th November 2023
https://doi.org/10.60066/GSU.BIOFAC.Bot.107.17-56

 

          
           
          


&



   


&
 
&



e.g.



   
 
  
           





  

   

           





Sampling sites


Table 1
  



&
Fig. 1.


 
Table 1.



        Table 1  

 
           



in situ
         
    a    ex
situ

Table 1
 

    
  


  
             

  
  

Algal identification and counting by light microscopy
            
         
    
 

   

    

             



           
          
WBN and IBW Abbr Year Alt Latitude Longitude WT pH CN TDS DO TP TN
             
             
             
             
5            
             
             
             
             
             
             
             
             
             
                
                
                
                
                
             
                

 



             
         











Total biodiversity of the phytoplankton
 
Fig. 2




Fig. 2
    
          




Fig. 3


Fig. 3

             
           
        
      Tetraedron minimum  
Coelastrum astroideumNephrochlamys subsolitaria
 Golenkinia radiata  
 Oocystis lacustris  
Monactinus simplex Monactinus
simplex  echinulatum 
Tetradesmus lagerheimii 
     
   
    
   
Parvodinium elpatiewskyi  
 Parvodinium goslaviense
   
Planktolyngbya limnetica 
Microcystis wesenbergii  
Aphanizomenon klebahnii, Coelomoron pusilum, Microcystis aeruginosa 
Pseudoanabaena limnetica   Cryptomonas
erosa    Trachelomonas volvocina  
            

Fig. 3. 
Table 1


Fig. 2. 
       


 
Fig. 4. 
: a Merismopedia tranquilla 
; b  Anabaenopsis elenkinii ; cDolichosper-
mum scheremetieviae  ;
d  Stauridium tetras      Dolichospermum planctonicum
eNeocystis ova-
lisfAnkistrodesmus fusiformis
gTreubaria schmidlei
hPseudopediastrum boryanum longicorne    
iVitreochlamys uviatilis
j  Eudorina cylindrica       k  Cosmarium phaseolus
elevatumlCosmarium subcostatum 
mDinobryon sertularia  annulatum 
nMallomonastonsuratao
Centritractus belenophorusp
Epithemia adnataqParvodinium goslaviense
rLepocinclis longissima
sTrachelomonas hispida
tPhacus convexus

 

Table 2

Table 2







Table 2
Florisric similarity of the studied sites




 Table 3







        
   
           


 



  i.e.





 
Table 2. 
Table 1; d /sfcr

Taxa/Sample Hd Db Ab Sv CI Mc BP Br Sd Mg HY Yn Pl MS Pr Iz Fs SE KR Nk Dv
Cyanoprokaryota
Anabaena minderi 
Anabaena 
Anabaenopsis arnoldii 
Anabaenopsis circularis

 
Anabaenopsiscunningtonii   


Anabaenopsis elenkinii  
Anabaenopsis milleri 
Anagnostidinema acutissimum 
      


Anagnostidinema amphibium  
     

    
Anagnostidinema pseudacutissimum
    


Anathece smithii



Aphanizomenon gracile  
Aphanizomenon klebahnii  

    
Taxa/Sample Hd Db Ab Sv CI Mc BP Br Sd Mg HY Yn Pl MS Pr Iz Fs SE KR Nk Dv
Aphanizomenon  manguinii 


Aphanizomenon yezoense  
Aphanocapsa conferta  

  
Aphanocapsa delicatissima    

  
Aphanocapsa fusco-lutea 
Aphanocapsa holsatica  

 
Aphanocapsa nubila


Aphanocapsa planctonica   


Aphanothece elabens  


Chroococcus distans   


Chroococcus limneticus elegans  


Chroococcusminimus  


Chroococcus minutus   
Chrysosporum minus  


Chrysosporum 
Coelomoron pusillum   

     
Coelomoron 

 
Taxa/Sample Hd Db Ab Sv CI Mc BP Br Sd Mg HY Yn Pl MS Pr Iz Fs SE KR Nk Dv
Dolichospermum  tenericaule 



Dolichospermum 
Dolichospermum 
Geitlerinema 
Glaucospira laxissima    

   
Gloeocapsa 
Jaaginema geminatum   


Jaaginema gracile


Jaaginema metaphyticum 
Lemmermanniella pallida 


Limnococcus limneticus 
    

    
Limnothrix planctonica


Limnothrix redekei  
Limnothrix  
Limnothrix  
Merismopedia glauca  


Merismopedia tenuissima 


Taxa/Sample Hd Db Ab Sv CI Mc BP Br Sd Mg HY Yn Pl MS Pr Iz Fs SE KR Nk Dv
Coelosphaerium aerugineum 


Cronbergia planctonica 


Cuspidothrix elenkinii

      

  
Cuspidothrix issatschenkoi
 
      

   
Cuspidothrix tropicalis  

   
Cuspidothrix  tropicalis  
  Umezakia

 
Dolichospermumane 
Dolichospermum compactum  

 
Dolichospermum os-aquae  
  


Dolichospermummucosum



Dolichospermum perturbatum  


Dolichospermum planctonicum 

 
Dolichospermum scheremetieviae 



 
Taxa/Sample Hd Db Ab Sv CI Mc BP Br Sd Mg HY Yn Pl MS Pr Iz Fs SE KR Nk Dv
Oscillatoria 
Phormidium terebriforme


Phormidium 
Planktolyngbya limnetica 

       
Planktolyngbya   
Planktothrix isothrix   

 
Planktothrix suspensa  


Pseudanabaena articulata   
Pseudanabaena catenata 
Pseudanabaenagaleata   
Pseudanabaena limnetica 

     
Pseudanabaena mucicola 

 
Raphidiopsis acuminato-crispa  
    


Raphidiopsis africana


Raphidiopsis cuspis   
   


Raphidiopsis gangetica    
    


Taxa/Sample Hd Db Ab Sv CI Mc BP Br Sd Mg HY Yn Pl MS Pr Iz Fs SE KR Nk Dv
Merismopedia tranquilla  

   
Merismopedia warmingiana 

 
Microcystis aeruginosa      
Microcystis comperei   
Microcystisos-aquae  

  
Microcystismicrocystiformis


Microcystis natans  
Microcystis  natans 


Microcystis pseudolamentosa     
Microcystis smithii

 
Microcystis  viridis   

  
Microcystis wesenbergii 

      
Microcystis  wesenbergii 

 
Microcystis  
Microcystis       
Myxobactron 
Oscillatoriasancta 
Oscillatoriasimplicissima 
Oscillatoriatenuis  

 
Taxa/Sample Hd Db Ab Sv CI Mc BP Br Sd Mg HY Yn Pl MS Pr Iz Fs SE KR Nk Dv
Chlorophyta
Acanthosphaera zachariasii 
 r c
Actinastrum hantzschii c
Actinastrum hantzschii  subtile 
 r
Amphikrikos buderi c
Amphikrikos hexacosta   
 r
Ankistrodesmus fusiformis f c
Ankistrodesmus tortus   
 r
Ankyra judayi c r
Binuclearia lauterbornii  
 r
Botryococcus braunii r
Carteria r
Chlamydomonas r c r f
Chlorella elongata
 r
Chlorogonium 
Choricystis 
Closteriopsis longissima 


Coelastrum astroideum         
Coelastrum microporum 
Taxa/Sample Hd Db Ab Sv CI Mc BP Br Sd Mg HY Yn Pl MS Pr Iz Fs SE KR Nk Dv
Raphidiopsis mediterranea   
Raphidiopsis philippinensis  
   


Raphidiopsis raciborskii 

    
Raphidiopsissetigera  
Raphidiopsis turcomanica 
Romeria simplex  
Snowella lacustris   

  
Snowella litoralis   

 
Snowella 
Sphaerospermopsis aphanizomenoides


   
Sphaerospermopsis reniformis
   


Synechococcus endogloeicus 
Synechococcus epigloeicus 
Synechocystis endobiotica  


Trichodesmium iwanoanum  
Wollea 

 
Taxa/Sample Hd Db Ab Sv CI Mc BP Br Sd Mg HY Yn Pl MS Pr Iz Fs SE KR Nk Dv
Desmodesmus insignis


Desmodesmus magnus   


Desmodesmus opoliensis    

 
Desmodesmus opoliensis  carinatus


Desmodesmus opoliensis  mononensis

    
Desmodesmus pannonicus  


Desmodesmus pleiomorphus  


Scenedesmus praetervisus 
Desmodesmus protuberans   


Desmodesmus spinosus   

  
Desmodesmus subspicatus  


Dictyosphaerium granulatum 
Dictyosphaerium simplex 
Didymocystis comasii    
Diplochloris 
Echinosphaeridium quadrisetum 
Echinosphaeridium nordstedtii 

  
Taxa/Sample Hd Db Ab Sv CI Mc BP Br Sd Mg HY Yn Pl MS Pr Iz Fs SE KR Nk Dv
Coelastrum microporum  octaëdricum


Coelastrum pseudomicroporum 

 
Coelastrum pulchrum 
Coelastrum reticulatum   

 
Coelastrum reticulatum  cubanum


Coelastrum sphaericum 
Coenochloris fottii 

 
Desmodesmus abundans   

   
Desmodesmus armatus    


Desmodesmus bicaudatus


Desmodesmus bicellularis
 

Desmodesmus communis   

   
Desmodesmus denticulatus  


Desmodesmus granulatus    

 
Desmodesmus hystrix   


Desmodesmus intermedius   

 

 
Taxa/Sample Hd Db Ab Sv CI Mc BP Br Sd Mg HY Yn Pl MS Pr Iz Fs SE KR Nk Dv
Lemmermannia komarekii

 
Lemmermannia tetrapedia  

  
Lemmermannia triangularis  


Lobocystis  
Lobomonas ampla 
Messastrum gracile   


Micractinium crassisetum 
Micractinium pusillum  
Monactinus simplex      
Monactinus simplex  echinula-
tum     

     
Monactinus simplex  sturmii 

Monoraphidium grithii 


Monoraphidium komarkovae 
Mucidosphaerium pulchellum 


Mychonastes uviatilis

  
Nephrochlamys subsolitaria   

        
Neocystis ovalis 
Taxa/Sample Hd Db Ab Sv CI Mc BP Br Sd Mg HY Yn Pl MS Pr Iz Fs SE KR Nk Dv
Echinosphaeridium 
Elakatothrix inexa 
Elakatothrix lacustris 
Eudorina cylindrica  
Eudorina elegans 
Franceia javanica  


Golenkinia radiata        
Hegewaldia parvula  


Hindakia tetrachotoma   


Granulocystis chlamydomonadoides

 
Granulocystis helenae 
Granulocystopsis decorata 

 
Juranyiella javorkae  


Komarekia appendiculata  


Korshikoviella limnetica  


Korshikoviella mystacina  


Lacunastrum gracillimum    

   
Lagerheimia ciliata  

 

 
Taxa/Sample Hd Db Ab Sv CI Mc BP Br Sd Mg HY Yn Pl MS Pr Iz Fs SE KR Nk Dv
Scenedesmus ecornis  

   
Scenedesmus ecornis  concavus 


Scenedesmus ellipticus   
Scenedesmus linearis
  
Scenedesmus nanus  spinosus 

   
Scenedesmus nanusspinosus


Scenedesmus obtusus    
Scenedesmus obtususdisciformis


Scenedesmus quadricauda  

  
Scenedesmus quadrispina 
Scenedesmus semipulcher 
Scenedesmussoli   
Scenedesmus subspicatus  
Scenedesmus 
Schroederia setigera  

   
Siderocelis kolkwitzii 
Siderocystopsis pseudoblonga 


Stauridium tetras 

  
Tetradesmus cumbricusapiculatus


Taxa/Sample Hd Db Ab Sv CI Mc BP Br Sd Mg HY Yn Pl MS Pr Iz Fs SE KR Nk Dv
Oocystis lacustris        
Oocystis parva  
Oocystis 
Oocystis   
Oocystella 
Oonephris obesa  


Pachycladella 
Pandorina morum  
Pediastrum duplex 
Polyedriopsis spinulosa  

   
Pseudocharacium acuminatum 


Pseudodidymocystis lineata 


Pseudopediastrum boryanum  

 
Pseudopediastrum boryanumlongicorne

 
Quadricoccus ellipticus 
Radiococcus 
Scenedesmus acuminatus  elongatus 

 
Scenedesmus acunae 
Scenedesmus apiculatus indicus 



 
Taxa/Sample Hd Db Ab Sv CI Mc BP Br Sd Mg HY Yn Pl MS Pr Iz Fs SE KR Nk Dv
Vitreochlamys uviatilis   


Vitreochlamys gloeosphaera  


Willea apiculata


Streptophyta
Closterium aciculare 
Closterium limneticum     
Closterium venus 
Cosmarium contractum 
Cosmarium depressum  planctonicum

   
Cosmarium laeve  
Cosmarium phaseolus   


Cosmarium phaseolus elevatum

 
Cosmarium porteanum  extensum  


Cosmarium regnelliiminimum


Cosmarium subcostatum 
Gonatozygon kinahanii 

  
Hyalotheca 
Mougeotia  
Taxa/Sample Hd Db Ab Sv CI Mc BP Br Sd Mg HY Yn Pl MS Pr Iz Fs SE KR Nk Dv
Tetraëdron caudatum  
Tetraëdron minimum   

               
Tetraëdron punctulatum  


Tetraëdron triangulare 
Tetradesmus dimorphus   

   
Tetradesmus lagerheimii    

     
Tetradesmus lagerheimiitetradesmoides

 
Tetradesmus obliquus


Tetrallantos lagerheimii   
Tetrastrum glabrum

 
Tetrastrum heteracanthum 


Tetrastrum staurogeniaeforme  brasiliense

 
Thelesphaera alpina 
Thoracomonas  
Treubaria planctonica

  
Treubaria schmidlei   

 
Treubaria 

 
Taxa/Sample Hd Db Ab Sv CI Mc BP Br Sd Mg HY Yn Pl MS Pr Iz Fs SE KR Nk Dv
Parvodinium umbonatum   

  
Parvodinium umbonatum  spiniferum

 
Peridinium bipes 
Peridiniopsis borgei 
Peridiniopsis cunningtoniiexcavata


Sphaerodinium polonicum 


Sphaerodinium 
Tovellia apiculata   


Tyrannodinium edax  


Euglenophyta
Anisonema 
Colacium 
Discoplastis gasterosteus   


Discoplastis spathirhyncha  

   
Euglena hemichromata    
Euglena pavlovskoënsis   


Euglena texta 
Euglena 
Euglena   
Taxa/Sample Hd Db Ab Sv CI Mc BP Br Sd Mg HY Yn Pl MS Pr Iz Fs SE KR Nk Dv
Staurastrum anatinum  
Staurastrum chaetoceras   


Staurodesmus cuspidatus


Pyrrhophyta
Biecheleria pseudopalustris  


Ceratium furcoides  

   
Ceratium rhomvoides 
Ceratium hirundinella


Glenodiniopsis uliginosa   

  
Gymnodinium saginatum  
Gymnodinium schuettii 
Gymnodinium schuettii 
Gymnodinium wawrikae  
Kolkwitziella acuta  


Parvodinium cunningtonii 
   

    
Parvodinium elpatiewskyi 

        
Parvodinium goslaviense 

      

 
Taxa/Sample Hd Db Ab Sv CI Mc BP Br Sd Mg HY Yn Pl MS Pr Iz Fs SE KR Nk Dv
Phacus onyx 
Phacus orbicularis  
Phacus pleuronectes  


Phacus textus 
Strombomonas australica fusiformis  


Strombomonas uviatilis 


Strombomonas planctonica 


Strombomonas urceolata


Trachelomonas dybowskii  
Trachelomonas hispida     
Trachelomonas hispida  crenulatocollis


Trachelomonas intermedia   

  
Trachelomonas intermediapapillata


Trachelomonas pavlovskoensis 


Trachelomonas planctonica 
Trachelomonas volvocina 

     
Trachelomonas volvocina  subglobosa

   
Trachelomonas   
Taxa/Sample Hd Db Ab Sv CI Mc BP Br Sd Mg HY Yn Pl MS Pr Iz Fs SE KR Nk Dv
Euglena 
Euglena 
Euglena 
Euglenaformis proxima

   
Euglenaria clavata   

  
Lepocinclis acicularis 
Lepocinclis acus  

   
Lepocinclis globulus 
Lepocinclis fominii 


Lepocinclis fusiformis  amphirhynchus


Lepocinclis longissima

 
Lepocinclis  
Monomorphina nordstedtii 


Monomorphina pyrum  

    
Phacus acuminatus 
Phacus caudatus  
Phacus convexus   
Phacus curvicauda 
Phacus tortus  

  

 
Taxa/Sample Hd Db Ab Sv CI Mc BP Br Sd Mg HY Yn Pl MS Pr Iz Fs SE KR Nk Dv
Epithemia operculata    


Epithemia sorex   
Eunotia exigua  


Fragilaria intermedia  


Fragilaria montana   


Fragilaria 
Gomphonema constrictum 
Gomphonema 
Gyrosigma acuminatum  


Hippodonta capitata


Iconella biseriata 

 
Iconella linearis 

   
Lacustriella lacustris  


Lindavia comta     

  
Naviculaminima 
Naviculaplatystoma  
Navicula 
Nitzschia 
Taxa/Sample Hd Db Ab Sv CI Mc BP Br Sd Mg HY Yn Pl MS Pr Iz Fs SE KR Nk Dv
Urceolus cyclostomus   


  
Bacillariophyceae
Achnanthes 
Amphora ovalis 
Aulacoseira distans  


Aulacoseira granulata  

   
Aulacoseira italica  

 
Brebissonia lanceolata


Caloneis bacillum 
Ctenophora pulchella  lanceolata


Ctenophora pulchella

 
Cymbella anis 
Cymbella tumida   


Diploneis 
Discostella stelligera   

   
Encyonema elginense   


Epithemia adnata 

 
Taxa/Sample Hd Db Ab Sv CI Mc BP Br Sd Mg HY Yn Pl MS Pr Iz Fs SE KR Nk Dv
Ulnaria oxyrhynchus 
Urosolenia 
   
Chrysophyceae
Dinobryon sertularia annulatum  


Dinobryon bavaricum 
Dinobryon sertularia 
Ochromonas 
 
Synurophyceae
Mallomonashorrida 
Mallomonas intermedia 
Mallomonastonsurata  
Xanthophyceae
Centritractus belenophorus 

 
Dichotomococcus curvatus 
Nephrodiellaacuta 
Ophiocytium parvulum   


Peroniella 
Tribonema 
Taxa/Sample Hd Db Ab Sv CI Mc BP Br Sd Mg HY Yn Pl MS Pr Iz Fs SE KR Nk Dv
Pantocsekiella ocellata   

 
Paraplaconeis placentula  


Pinnularia cocconeis


Placoneis dicephala  

    
Pleurosigma  
Pseudostaurosira brevistriata  inata


Rhopalodia gibba   

 
Skeletonema subsalsum   


Staurosira construens   
Staurosirella martyi   


Stephanodiscus astraea  

 
Stephanodiscus hantzschii  
Stephanocyclus meneghinianus 

  
Surirella robusta  
Synedra   
Tabularia tabulata   
Ulnaria acus  
Ulnaria ulna   

 

              
              

           
        
Table 2   
         





Table 3.
     Table 1

             



Taxa/Sample Hd Db Ab Sv CI Mc BP Br Sd Mg HY Yn Pl MS Pr Iz Fs SE KR Nk Dv
Eustigmatophyceae
Goniochlorisivengari


Goniochlorismutica

 
Goniochloris pulchra 
Pseudostaurastrum hastatum


Cryptophyta
Chroomonas 
Cryptomonas erosa       
Cryptomonas    
Cryptomonas  

 55





Microcystin

   




         
        
Raphidiopsis raciborskiiR.
mediterraneaChrysosporum bergii.

            
  
        

           













         
Cuspidothrix  

         
        Microcystis aeruginosa 
M. wesenbergii


   
  







         


References
 &    
          


 &



&


        Raphidiopsis raciborskii 





   &    

   &        

        



ГОДИШНИК НА СОФИЙСКИЯ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ „СВ. КЛИМЕНТ ОХРИДСКИ“
БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИ ФАКУЛТЕТ
Книга 2 – Ботаника
Том 107, 2023
ANNUAL OF SOFIA UNIVERSITY “ST. KLIMENT OHRIDSKI”
FACULTY OF BIOLOGY
Book 2 – Botany
Volume 107, 2023





  *    

Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University 'St Kliment Ohridski', 8 Dragan
Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
Abstract.
              

   
               
  

       
  

  


Microcystis
aeruginosa   Planktolyngbya limnetica   Aphanizomenon klebahnii
Microcystis wesenbergii   Aphanocapsa delicatissima  
Cuspidothrix issatschenkoi   Coelomoron pusillum  Pseudanabaena
limneticaAnagnostidinema amphibiumRaphidiopsis raciborskii
*corresponding author
           

S





      Microcystis    


   Microcystis      

        
        



 




       



         

Received 15th September 2023
Accepted 17th November 2023
https://doi.org/10.60066/GSU.BIOFAC.Bot.107.57-113

 
    i.e.     
        
  

        














             

  








Sampling sites and periods
    

Table 1Fig. 1

         
            



Limnococcus limneticus   Microcystis
 Rhizosiphon anabaenae 
Sphaerospermopsis aphanizomenoides
Key words:       Rhizosiphon
anabaenae



       
         
        
      &  

 




 
         

    
etc

        
e.g.




e.g.

         

 
        
        
          
          
           

 
WBN and IBW Abbr Type Year Alt Latitude Longitude WT pH CN TDS DO TP TN
              
              
 

            
 

            
              
              
 

            
 

            
 

            
              
              
              
 

            
 

            
 

            
              
         
         
WBN and IBW Abbr Type Year Alt Latitude Longitude WT pH CN TDS DO TP TN
1             
2             
3             
4

            
5             
6

            
7             
          
          
8

            
          
9

            
          
10              
          
Table 1. 





 
WBN and IBW Abbr Type Year Alt Latitude Longitude WT pH CN TDS DO TP TN
              
 

            
          
 

            
         
 

            
         
         
         
            
            
         
         
 

            
 

            
              
 

            
              
 

            
WBN and IBW Abbr Type Year Alt Latitude Longitude WT pH CN TDS DO TP TN
         
         
         
         
         
         
              
            
         
 

            
         
         
         
         
          5
              
         
         
         
              
              
              
         
         

 












Table 1




 
         
Fig. 1.

Table 1

WBN and IBW Abbr Type Year Alt Latitude Longitude WT pH CN TDS DO TP TN
 

            
              
              
          
              
              
 

            
              
 

            
 

            
              
              
              
55 

            
         
         

 
         
          
         
           


   
           
          

 









Microcystis aeruginosa
  Planktolyngbya limnetica   Aphanizomenon klebahnii
  Microcystis wesenbergii   Aphanocapsa delicatissima
Cuspidothrix issatschenkoi Coelomoron pusillum
 Pseudanabaena limnetica   Anagnostidinema amphibium
Limnococcus limneticus Raphidiopsis raciborskii
Microcystis
Species list of cyanoprokaryotes found in the summer phytoplankton of
55 lakes and reservoirs in Bulgaria, sampled in the years 2018. 2019, 2021
and 2023.      
 

 




  


Algal identification and counting by light microscopy

   
               
            
               







      



         
 e.g.      
  &       
           
           

          



          

        
     
  
   e.g.

Comparison of the biodiversity of the studied reservoirs and lakes with
data of other authors




 

Aphanizomenon gracile      
        

Aphanizomenon klebahnii




        


Aphanizomenon yezoense



Aphanocapsa conferta 
        

Aphanocapsa delicatissima         
        


        

Aphanocapsa elachista
*Aphanocapsa fusco-lutea
Aphanocapsa grevillei 
Aphanocapsa holsatica       

        

Aphanocapsa incerta       

Aphanocapsa nubila
        

Aphanocapsa planctonica

Aphanocapsa
Aphanothece elabens
Arthrospira platensis

*Anabaena minderi
Anabaena  oscillarioides        

Anabaena  torulosa        

Anabaena   Aphanizomenon

Anabaena      Chrysosporum   

Anabaenopsis arnoldii      


Anabaenopsis circularis        

Anabaenopsis cunningtonii

Anabaenopsis elenkinii      
    


*Anabaenopsis milleri
 
*Anathece bachmannii

Anathece clathrata
         
   

*Anathece floccosa

*Anathece minutissima       

Anathece smithii      

Anagnostidinema acutissimum

Anagnostidinema amphibium



*Anagnostidinema pseudacutissimum     

 


    

*Cuspidothrix tropicalis        
      
           



Cyanodictyon planctonicum
       

Cyanodictyon reticulatum  

Dolichospermum affine
*Dolichospermum circinale

Dolichospermum crassum


Dolichospermum compactum 
        


Dolichospermum flos-aquae        
   
 
           

*Dolichospermum mucosum     

Dolichospermum perturbatum



*Dolichospermum planctonicum
     
       


Dolichospermum scheremetieviae      
*Aulosirafertilissima
*Borzia brevis
Borzia trilocularis
*Chroococcopsis gigantea
Chroococcus distans       

Chroococcus minimus
Chroococcus minutus

*Chroococcus limneticus elegans    

*Chroococcus obliteratus
Chroococcus
Chrysosporum bergii        
         


*Chrysosporum minus       

Chrysosporum   Sphaerospermopsis  Aphanizomenon  

Coelomoron pusillum  

 


Coelomoron
Coelosphaerium aerugineum
Coelosphaeriumkuetzingianum
*Cronbergia paucicellularis      

*Cronbergia planctonica       

Cuspidothrix elenkinii       
   
        
Raphidiopsis
        

Cuspidothrix issatschenkoi       
          
        

 

*Limnothrix mirabilis

Limnothrix planctonica
     

Limnothrix redekei



Limnothrix
Limnothrix
*Mantellum communis
Merismopedia glauca    

*Merismopedia marssonii
Merismopedia tranquilla     
       

Merismopedia tenuissima

Merismopedia warmingiana      


Microcrocisobvolutа

Microcystis aeruginosa
       
        
  
        
         

           
Aphanizomenon flos-aquae
Pseudanabaena mucicola
Microcystis botrys       

Microcystisbotrys

*Microcystis comperei       



Dolichospermum  tenericaule      

Dolichospermum
DolichospermumChrysosporum  
        

Eucapsis aphanocapsoides       

Eucapsis microscopica      

GeitlerinemaAnagnostidinema 

Glaucospira laxissima
        
      

Gloeocapsa          

Gomphosphaeria aponina
Jaaginema geminatum       

Jaaginema gracile

*Jaaginema metaphyticum
*Jaaginema subtilissimum       

Kamptonema chlorinum

Komvophoron  constrictum     

Komvophoron schmidlei

Lemmermanniella pallida
Leptolyngbyatenuis

Leptolyngbyavalderiana 

Limnococcus limneticus 
        
        

 

       


Microcystis

*Myxobactron 
Oscillatoria sancta
Oscillatoria simplicissima      


Oscillatoriatenuis

OscillatoriaPhormidium
Oscillatoria

*Pannus planus
*Pannus punctiferus

*Pannus spumosus
Pannus
Phormidium granulatum       

Phormidium inundatum
Phormidium terebriforme

Phormidium
*Planktolyngbya brevicellularis

Planktolyngbya limnetica    

  
      
        
  
    

Planktolyngbya undulata

Planktolyngbya
Planktolyngbya        

Microcystis firma
Microcystis flos-aquae
       

*Microcystis microcystiformis
Microcystis natans       
       

Microcystis natans 

*Microcystis novacekii
 

Microcystis  novacekii      


*Microcystis pseudofilamentosa


*Microcystis smithii      
       


Microcystis  viridis       
       
       

Microcystis wesenbergii      
        



  

        Microcystis aeruginosa 
Dolichospermum  spiroides      

Microcystiswesenbergii     


Microcystis         
      

 
*Raphidiopsis cuspis
       R. raciborskii  


*Raphidiopsis gangetica       


*Raphidiopsis helicoidea     

Raphidiopsis mediterranea



Raphidiopsis  mediterranea   Raphidiopsis setigera 
   

*Raphidiopsis philippinensis      
        

Raphidiopsis raciborskii
  
       
      
    

*Raphidiopsis setigera       

   
Cuspidothrix Raphidiopsis   
           
 Fig. 5, 168 
 
R. mediterranea


 R. setigera R. mediterranea


*Raphidiopsis turcomanica       
   
R. mediterranea
*Rhabdoderma compositum 
Planktothrix agardhii
        
           
             
            

P. isothrixP.
suspensa
Planktothrix isothrix       




*Planktothrix suspensa      
  
        

Pseudanabaena articulata

*Pseudanabaena balatonica
Pseudanabaena catenata      

Pseudanabaena galeata

Pseudanabaena limnetica     
        
        
      


Pseudanabaena mucicola     

      
          
Microcystis aeruginosa

PseudanabaenaPseudanabaena

Pseudanabaena Ps. limnetica
*Raphidiopsis acuminato-crispa
       


 
SynechocystisS. bigranulatus
*Trichodesmium iwanoffianum
Trichormusvariabilis

Trichormus     T. doliolum    

Trichormus
*Tychonema sequanum        

*Wollea
Woronichinia elorantae

*Woronichinia microcystoides     

Woronichinia naegeliana




Fig. 2
  

   

Fig 2



Fig. 3



Fig. 3

  





Fig. 2
Rhabdoderma lineare

Rhabdoderma
*Romeria gracilis

Romeria simplex        

Snowella arachnoidea
Snowella lacustris  

 

Snowella litoralis
         

Snowella septentrionalis
Spirulinamajor     Vorticella

Sphaerospermopsis aphanizomenoides    
        
       
Chrysosporum ovalisporum
 

*Sphaerospermopsis  reniformis   

*Sphaerospermopsis torques-reginae
        

*Synechococcus endogloeicus       

*Synechococcus epigloeicus

Synechococcusnidulans
SynechococcusCyanobium
SynechococcusSynechocystis
Synechocystisaquatilis  

*Synechocystis endobiotica      
        



 



Fig. 4
  



       

           
  
Fig. 3     


Table 1

  Fig 3 
        

  

        
           

 
Fig. 2.     

Table 1

 
       e.g.     

e.g.



Sphaerospermopsis aphanizomenoides   

           Rhizosiphon
anabaenaePhlyctidium anabaenae
Fig. 5, 176
Fig. 5. 
1Anathece bachmannii2Anathece occosa
   3  Anathece minutissima     4 
Anathece smithii5Aphanocapsa fusco-lutea
6Aphanocapsa conferta7Aphanocapsa deli-
catissima  8 Aphanocapsa delicatissima  
9Aphanocapsa holsatica10Aphanocapsa incerta
    11  Aphanocapsa nubila    
12Aphanocapsa planctonica13Chroococcopsis gi-


Fig. 4
          


          




 
Fig. 4
 


Table 1

 
aeruginosa 32Microcystis aeruginosa Pseudanabena
mucicola33Microcystis aeruginosaSynechococcus epigloe-
icus34 Microcystis aeruginosaSynechocystis endobiotica
35Microcystis comperei36
Microcystis rma37Microcystis os-aguae
38Microcystis microcystiformis39Micro-
cystis natans 40Microcystis novacekii 
41Microcystis pseudolamentosa  42  Microcystis
smithii43Microcystissmithii
44Microcystis smithii   45 Microcystis wesenbergii 
46Microcystis wesenbergii47Pannus planus
gantea14Chroococcus distans
15, 16Chroococcus limneticuselegans17
Chroococcus minutus      18  Chroococcus obliteratus 
19Coelomoron pusillum20
Coelomoron pusillum21Cyanodictyon planctonicum
 22 Cyanodictyon reticulatum  23 
Lemmermanniella pallida24Limnococcus limneticus
25Mantellum communis26
Merismopedia glauca2728Merismopedia marssonii
   29  Merismopedia tranquilla    
30 Merismopedia warmingiana31Microcystis

 
67SynechococcusCyanobium
68Synechococcus69SynechococcusSynechocystis
  70 Synechocystis endobiotica Microcystis aeruginosa
 71 72Woronichinia microcystoides
73 Woronichinia elorantae
74Woronichinia naegeliana75Anagnosti-
dinema amphibium76Anagnostidinema pseudoacutissimum 
77Borzia brevis78Borzia trilocularis
     79  Glaucospira laxissima    
80Glaucospira laxissima81Jaaginema gracile
82Jaaginema metaphyticum83
48Pannus punctiferus 49
50Pannus spumosus  5152 Pannus spumosus 
Synechocystis endobiotica53Rhabdoderma compositum
 54 Rhabdoderma lineare   55 
Rhabdoderma lineare56Rhabdoderma
5758Snowella arachnoidea
   59 60  Snowella lacustris     61 
Snowella lacustris62Snowella septentrionalis
6364Synechocystis endogloeicusMicrocystis wesenbergii
 65 Synechococcus epigloeicus Microcystis aeruginosa 
   66  Synechococcus epigloeicus  Microcystis wesenbergii  

 
102Planktolyngbya brevicellularis103, 104Planktol-
yngbya brevicellularis          105 
Planktolyngbya limnetica106Planktolyngbya limnetica
   107  Planktolyngbya      108
Planktolyngbya109Planktothrix agardhii
110, 111 Planktothrix isothrix
112Planktothrix isothrix113114Planktothrix suspensa

115Planktothrix suspensa116Planktothrix suspensa
 117 Pseudanabaena galeata 118 Pseu-
danabaena limnetica119Pseudanabaena mucicola
Jaaginema subtilissimum  84Кamptonema chlorinum 
85Komvophoronconstrictum
86Komvophoron schmidlei8788Limnothrix mirabilis
899091Limnothrix mirabilis
92Limnothrix planctonica93
Limnothrix redekii94Limnothrix redekei
  95  Limnothrix          96
Myxobactron 97Oscillatoria simplicissima
98Oscillatoria sancta99Oscillatoria
tenuis100Oscillatoria tenuis
101Planktolyngbya articulata

 
ile137Aulosirafertilissima
 138  Cronbergia paucicellularis      139  Cronbergia
planctonica140Chrysosporum bergii
141142Chrysosporum minus143144
Cuspidothrix elenkinii145
 Cuspidothrix tropicalis      146  Cuspidothrix tropicalis
Umezakia natans147Dolichospermumane
148Dolichospermum circinale
149Dolichospermum compactum150Dolichosper-
mum os-aquae151Dolichospermum mucosum
152Dolichospermum perturba-
120 Pseudanabaena mucicolaM. wesenbergii
121Pseudanabaena122Romeria
simplex123Romeria gracilis124
Spirulinamajor    125Trichodesmium iwanoanum
126Tychonema sequanum127
Anabaena minderi128  Anabaena  tenericaule  
129Anabaenopsis circularis130Anabaenopsis
cunningtonii131Anabaenopsis milleri
132Aphanizomenon klebahnii133134Aph-
anizomenon klebahnii
135Aphanizomenon yezoense136Aphanizomenon grac-

 
168Raphidiopsis setigera169, 170Raphidiopsis setigera
171,
172Raphidiopsis turcomanica
173, 174Sphaerospermopsis aphanizomenoides
175Sphaerospermopsis aphanizomenoides
176Phlyctidium anabaenaeSphaerospermopsis aphanizomenoides
177Sphaerospermopsisreniformis 
178179180, 181, 182Sphaerospermopsis torqua-reginae
183184185186Wollea

tum153Dolichospermum perturbatum
154Dolichospermum planctonicum155156
Dolichospermum scheremetievei157
Raphidiopsis cuspis  158Raphidiopsis cuspis 
159Raphidiopsis cuspis160Raphidiopsis med-
iterranea161162
Raphidiopsis mediterranea
 163Raphidiopsis raciborskii
164Raphidiopsis raciborskii165Raphidiopsis raciborskii
166Raphidiopsis raciborskii
167Raphidiopsis setigera

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





        







             

References







 
  

      

          
 
 
 

 

 
 





Nostoc edaphicum
  
   Spirulina plat-
ensis




   







    



 




   
         



       





  


  

    





        Raphidiopsis raciborskii 












        






 

     

     
        



      
Microcystis

      
Microcystis 

  










  

 
    &







   


Received 1st November 2023
Accepted 17th November 2023

           



    

          
 

 





 



   




Raphidiopsis raciborskiiR. med-
iterranea  Chrysosporum bergii    






Cuspidothrix





         
        Microcystis aeruginosa 
M. wesenbergii 


ГОДИШНИК НА СОФИЙСКИЯ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ „СВ. КЛИМЕНТ ОХРИДСКИ“
БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИ ФАКУЛТЕТ
Книга 2 – Ботаника
Том 107, 2023
ANNUAL OF SOFIA UNIVERSITY “ST. KLIMENT OHRIDSKI”
FACULTY OF BIOLOGY
Book 2 – Botany
Volume 107, 2023

e.g.







 





  



 
        

            
        

         


ApatococcusTrebouxiaCoccomyxa
     Lepraria  neglecta   Candelariella
vitellina, Protoparmeliopsis muralis
Caloplaca 
            
   
  
    
             









Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Faculty of Biology, Department of Botany, 8 Dragan
Tsankov Blvd., BG-1164, Sofia, Bulgaria
Abstract.           

     

  




Key words:    


          
         

*corresponding author      


https://doi.org/10.60066/GSU.BIOFAC.Bot.107.114-123

 




           
Fig. 2




  
           



e.g.
   


 
 
 
 
 


          
  
 Fig. 3. 
           


Division Chlorophyta
Class Trebouxiophyceae
Order Chlorellales
Family Chlorellaceae
Chlorellasp.         





  
Figs. 1, 2

          

Fig.1.      

Fig. 2.   


 

          
  

Fig. 4.aChlorella
bChloroidium ellipsoideum
 c Stichococcusd Ulothrix tenerrimae Klebsormidium klebsii
fGloebotrys





Chloroidium ellipsoideum(Gerneck) Darienko, Gustavs, Mudimu,
Menendez, Schumann, Karsten, Friedl & Proschold2010  Chlorella
ellipsoidea           

           
       

        



Order Prasiolales
Family Stichococcaceae
Stichococcussp.
   

    
     
Fig. 3.

 



References
&


   


          
           

  &         

  &         


&
  

&
         
Vischeria stellata      

    &       Palmellopsis
texensis        


&



 &
       


     &   
Trochisciopsis tetrasporaminor
Class Ulvophyceae
Order Ulotrichales
Family Ulotrichaceae
Ulothrix tenerrima(Kützing) Kützing 1843Ulothrix variabilis




          


Division Streptophyta
Class Klebsormidiophyceae
Order Klebsormidiales
Family Klebsormidiaceae
Klebsormidium klebsii(G. M. Smith) P. C. Silva, K. R. Mattox & W. H.
Blackwell 1972         
           




            

         
 

Division Ochrophyta
Class Eustigmatophyceae
Order Eustigmatales
Family Gloeobotrydaceae
Gloebotryssp.          
 

           




 


&



      &      
  Fomes fomentarius        

      &      
          
          


  & 
 Trametes versicolor 


     

  &   




&
 Klebsormidium dissectum 


          

 &  Coelastrella
species       

&
          

&


Received 28th August 2023
Accepted 17th November 2023





  

&




          


 
&
       


 

 
 


&

 
          
        


          


             
           
 





ГОДИШНИК НА СОФИЙСКИЯ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ „СВ. КЛИМЕНТ ОХРИДСКИ“
БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИ ФАКУЛТЕТ
Книга 2 – Ботаника
Том 107, 2023
ANNUAL OF SOFIA UNIVERSITY “ST. KLIMENT OHRIDSKI”
FACULTY OF BIOLOGY
Book 2 – Botany
Volume 107, 2023



*
Medical University „Prof. D-r Paraskev Stoyanov“, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of
Biology, 84 Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd., 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
Abstract.       
            




Key words:



        



corresponding author         
   


Orchis purpurea

          

             
  





   





        
            







Orchis
purpurea    Himantoglossum calcaratum  rumelicum 

New records:
Cephalanthera rubra
    
      Acer campestrе
Carpinus orientalis
Cephalanthera rubra

https://doi.org/10.60066/GSU.BIOFAC.Bot.107.124-128

 



Epipactis helleborine Fig. 1
   

     

      
   
    
     

    
      

Himantoglossum calcaratum
ssp.rumelicum  
    
      
      

   
    
    

    

   Himantoglossum
calcaratum  rumelicum,  






Neotinea tridentata

          

           Neotinea
tridentata           
Fig. 1. Epipactis helleborine 


Orchis simia           
         
            
  


References


            
        


         

          






        
    





          
 




 



 
   





Received 24th June 2022
Accepted 17th November 2023
INSTRUCTIONS FOR AUTHORS
Book 2 – Botany of the Annual of Sofia University   peer-reviewed
periodical,  published on-line with an open
access and in a printed version
Original papers covering the entire field of scientific botany and mycology
with a worldwide geographical scope 
 


   

     in English     

         
        copyright and all rights 
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          .doc/docx
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
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
initially judged by the editor  


  
           
The editors decide on acceptance after the recomendation ofinternational
expert referees



editorial changes
  The editorial policy does not support
any form of plagiarism and requires correct citations from the authors
In preparing the manuscripts, the authors are kindly requested to adhere
to the following instructions
size




 
title



authors‘ given names
          
address(es)       

          




 corresponding author        
 

(„Abstract“
    

         key words  
 
           

  Introduction    
             


studied site/s materials and methods
         
   






e.g
           
       
   

   
SI-units 
e.g
per cent

„Material and methodsResults
„Discussion

 


            
          
  
              

 

 Acknowledgments           
          

References in the text 
 e.g.  &
&

e.g. 



e.g. 
         
e.g. 


e.g.
&
References 
at the end of the paper          





 




          

&

 & 

          


&

 & 



&


Padina pavonica&


&
Conservation and management
of biodiversity in the European seashores




  
Conservation and management of biodiversity in the European
seashores



  
 Conservation and management of biodiversity in the European
seashores

  

Cortinarius caperatus





   



   


etc

papers in cyrillic
            





            

            
         


&

&


 
slavic languages, which do not use Cyrrilic

         

     

Footnotes
Transliteration should follow theBulgarian legislative documents 
      
  The geographic names should be fully
transliterated 
The required type-setting is as follows
e.g.

    Italics          
e.g. Closterium
Closterium monilferum  

e.getc., in vitro, in situ
              
e.g.
e.g.




Figures

   




      

             




colour photos and figures

legends to the figures 



           
Declaration for lack of conflict of interests


Author
Contributions“  

     only one proof   



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 
    
          
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