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Understanding molecular mechanisms and miRNA-based targets in diabetes foot ulcers

Authors:
Urati Anuradha at National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
Urati Anuradha
Neelesh Kumar Mehra at National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research Hyderabad
Neelesh Kumar Mehra
  • National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research Hyderabad
Dharmendra Kumar Khatri at National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Hyderabad
Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
  • National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Hyderabad
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Abstract and Figures

In today’s culture, obesity and overweight are serious issues that have an impact on how quickly diabetes develops and how it causes complications. For the development of more effective therapies, it is crucial to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the chronic problems of diabetes. The most prominent effects of diabetes are microvascular abnormalities such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy, especially diabetes foot ulcers, as well as macrovascular abnormalities such as heart disease and atherosclerosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which are highly conserved endogenous short non-coding RNA molecules, have been implicated in several physiological functions recently, including the earliest stages of the disease. By binding to particular messenger RNAs (mRNAs), which cause mRNA degradation, translation inhibition, or even gene activation, it primarily regulates posttranscriptional gene expression. These molecules exhibit considerable potential as diagnostic biomarkers for disease and are interesting treatment targets. This review will provide an overview of the latest findings on the key functions that miRNAs role in diabetes and its complications, with an emphasis on the various stages of diabetic wound healing.
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Vol.:(0123456789)
Molecular Biology Reports (2024) 51:82
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-023-09074-0
REVIEW
Understanding molecular mechanisms andmiRNA-based targets
indiabetes foot ulcers
UratiAnuradha1· NeeleshKumarMehra2· DharmendraKumarKhatri1
Received: 10 July 2023 / Accepted: 21 November 2023
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2023
Abstract
In today’s culture, obesity and overweight are serious issues that have an impact on how quickly diabetes develops and how it
causes complications. For the development of more effective therapies, it is crucial to understand the molecular mechanisms
underlying the chronic problems of diabetes. The most prominent effects of diabetes are microvascular abnormalities such
as retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy, especially diabetes foot ulcers, as well as macrovascular abnormalities such as
heart disease and atherosclerosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which are highly conserved endogenous short non-coding RNA
molecules, have been implicated in several physiological functions recently, including the earliest stages of the disease.
By binding to particular messenger RNAs (mRNAs), which cause mRNA degradation, translation inhibition, or even gene
activation, it primarily regulates posttranscriptional gene expression. These molecules exhibit considerable potential as
diagnostic biomarkers for disease and are interesting treatment targets. This review will provide an overview of the latest
findings on the key functions that miRNAs role in diabetes and its complications, with an emphasis on the various stages
of diabetic wound healing.
Keywords Diabetes foot ulcers· Diabetes wound healing· Neuropathy· Obesity· microRNAs (miRNAs)
Abbreviations
DFU Diabetes foot ulcer
MMP Metalloproteinase
ECM Extracellular matrix
VEGF Vascular endothelial growth factor
DN Diabetes neuropathy
PDGF Platelet derived growth factor
EC Extracellular
5-HT 5-Hydroxytryptamine
WBC White blood cells
RBC Red blood cells
HMGB-1 High mobility group box-1
TLR Toll-like receptor
NFKB Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of
activated B-cells
IRAK-1 Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1
TRAF6 Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associ-
ated factor-6
HIC-5 Hydrogen peroxideinducible clone 5
HIC-5 Hydrogen peroxideinducible clone 5
PKC Protein kinase-C
T2D Type 2 diabetess
DM Diabetes Mellitus
miRNA MacroRNA
mRNA Messenger RNAs
AGE Advanced glycation end products
USD United States dollars
US United States
NGF Nerve growth factor
FGF2 Fibroblast growth factor-2
DPN Diabetes peripheral neuropathy
DN Diabetes neuropathy
PVD Peripheral vascular disease
PAD Peripheral artery disease
MRSA Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus
M1 Pro-inflammatory phenotype
M2 Anti-inflammatory phenotype
* Neelesh Kumar Mehra
neelesh81mph@gmail.com
* Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
dkkhatri10@gmail.com
1 Department ofPharmacology andToxicology, National
Institute ofPharmaceutical Education andResearch
(NIPER)-Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana500037, India
2 Department ofPharmaceutics, National Institute
ofPharmaceutical Education andResearch
(NIPER)-Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana500037, India
Content courtesy of Springer Nature, terms of use apply. Rights reserved.
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