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196 PRZEGLĄD ELEKTROTECHNICZNY, ISSN 0033-2097, R. 99 NR 10/2023
1. Ilkin Marufov1, 2. Aynura Allahverdiyeva2, 3. Nijat Mammadov3
Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University (1, 3), Azerbaijan State Marine Academy (2)
ORCID: 1. 0000-0002-3143-0113; 2. 0009-0005-4868-8435; 3. 0000-0001-6555-3632;
doi:10.15199/48.2023.10.38
Study of application characteristics of cylindrical structure
induction levitator in general and vertical axis wind turbines
Abstract. Human tries to develop a system that works long years of low power and it is developing the Maglev system Windmill. Maglev has a lot of
advantages Motion on a Maglev Train (Magnetic Levitation) is fast moving also required low power. If this system a The windmill then loses more
power due to this size of the blade get and run low wind energy. It is possible to use it as a decorative element. Here there are two magnets of the
same polarity against each other. Bushing is used to reduce friction. A plastic fan blade is used to convert the air pressure mechanical energy. The
whole structure is installed on the base plate. It uses 4 round magnets as its power 2 coils are used to generate electricity. 12 volts here a
rechargeable battery is used to store electrical energy and secure the circuit.
Streszczenie. Człowiek stara się opracować system, który działa przez długie lata na niskim poborze mocy i rozwija system Maglev Windmill.
Maglev ma wiele zalet Ruch pociągu Maglev (lewitacja magnetyczna) jest szybki i wymaga niewielkiej mocy. Jeśli ten system a Wiatrak traci więcej
mocy ze względu na ten rozmiar łopaty, uzyskuje i uruchamia niską energię wiatru. Istnieje możliwość zastosowania go jako elementu
dekoracyjnego. Tutaj są dwa magnesy o tej samej biegunowości względem siebie. Tuleja służy do zmniejszenia tarcia. Plastikowa łopatka
wentylatora służy do przekształcania energii mechanicznej ciśnienia powietrza. Całość konstrukcji montowana jest na płycie podstawy. Wykorzystuje
4 okrągłe magnesy, ponieważ jego cewki zasilające 2 są wykorzystywane do generowania energii elektrycznej. Akumulator o napięciu 12 woltów
służy do magazynowania energii elektrycznej i zabezpieczania obwodu. (Badanie właściwości aplikacyjnych lewitatora indukcyjnego o
konstrukcji cylindrycznej w turbinach wiatrowych o ogólnej i pionowej osi obrotu)
Keywords: turbine, levitation height, output voltage, induction levitator
Słowa kluczowe: turbina, wysokość lewitacji, napięcie wyjściowe, lewitator indukcyjny
1.Introduction
A turbine tube passes through the middle of the cylinder
of the induction levitator and the rotor of the generator. The
parts of the pipe passing through the cylinder and the rotor
are double-layered. The outer layer of the tube is made of
ferromagnet, and the inner layer is made of composite
material, which has light weight and great strength. For this
reason, the magnetic resistance in the paths of the
magnetic currents created by the alternating current loop
and permanent magnets is much less, the output voltages
of the loops placed on the poles of the stator and the lifting
electromagnetic force created by the levitator are large, and
the radial stability is strong. Figures 1 and 2 show the
principle scheme of the Maglev wind generator [1, 2].
Fig. 1 The principle scheme of the maglev wind generator
Fig. 2. Maglev wind generator
The wind turbine 1 is connected to a levitating
permanent magnet 2 and rotates together with it. The other
magnet is stationary and creates a repulsive force. This
magnet is connected to the stationary axis 4 of the
generator. The output voltage is received through multiple
permanent magnets and connected to a special circular
plate and levitated. Coils 6 are placed on the edges of the
board. The electromotive forces induced in the windings
accumulate and form a total ehq (or voltage U) at the output
of the generator. That voltage is converted into an
alternating voltage by means of an inverter and supplied to
the network [3, 4, 5].
The magnetic force PM generated by the stationary
magnet 3 should compensate the gravity force Pg of the
levitated magnet and the gravity force of the turbine PT
However, in this case, the condition of levitation
M
gx
P
PP
can be fulfilled. In addition, the levitated
magnet must be at a certain height (levitation height) from
the stationary magnet. When the distance is too small, the
levitating magnet is more likely to touch the stationary
PRZEGLĄD ELEKTROTECHNICZNY, ISSN 0033-2097, R. 99 NR 10/2023 197
magnet. Permanent magnets are made of Neodymium Iron
Boron type Nd-Fe-B special materials that can create strong
magnetic induction. Such a magnet is more resistant to
demagnetization and can generate a strong magnetic force
PM.
Shifting the center of gravity closer to the core in a
magnetically levitated VWG increases the stability and
productivity of the generator. For this reason, the magnets
and coils are placed below the turbine. Despite the above
positive features, a number of shortcomings of that
generator are known: the output voltage is very low (8.5 V),
the frequency is 23-63 Hs, the current is 16.8 A, the turbine
rotation speed is 320 revolutions/min. The specified
parameters refer to the model of the experimental generator
exhibited at the exhibition in China.
Disadvantages of such generators are:
• Since the radial stability of the levitation system made of
permanent magnets is weak, the levitation of the wind
turbine is disturbed and mechanical friction occurs;
• Since the magnetic circuit in the structure is too open, the
output voltage is not at the required level, as the magnetic
resistance in the paths of the magnetic currents is large;
• The construction of the levitation system does not allow
adjusting the levitation height of the turbine;
• A large number of magnets increases the magnetic forces,
but reduces the stability of the system.
Fig. 3 The principle scheme of the cylindrical induction levitator
2. Experiment and analysis
Our proposed induction levitator with cylindrical
structure (ILCC) consists of cylindrical core CC, alternating
current induction loop EW, levitation element EL, rotating
tube RT together with wind turbine (Figure 3). In order to
obtain optimal operating characteristics of the induction
levitator with a cylindrical structure (ILCC), it is first
necessary to create a homogeneous magnetic field in its
working air gap. This condition can be fulfilled when the air
gap c between the rotating tube RT and the cylindrical core
CC is uniform and the electrotechnical steel parts of the
levitator are not saturated [6, 7, 8]. Therefore, ILCC can be
presented in the form of a symmetrical electromagnetic
energy converter construction. The rotating tube RT is in
turn composed of two coaxial tubes. The pipes are
mechanically connected to each other and there are no air
gaps between them. The inner tube is made of composite
material with low specific gravity and high mechanical
strength, and the outer tube is made of structural
electrotechnical steel. Since EL is mechanically connected
to the outer tube, it rotates with it and consists of a short
closed loop. In order to reduce the gravity force Pg, EL is
assembled from wires made of aluminum or aluminum
mixed alloys with low specific gravity. To reduce copper
losses, EW is collected from copper wires and UL is
connected to a constant amplitude alternating voltage
source. The electric energy supplied to the loop is
converted into the energy of the magnetic field Wm,
creating a lifting electromagnetic force Fe, which acts on EL.
The electromagnetic force Fe in turn raises RT to a certain
height h [9, 10, 11]. This height is called levitation height. In
this case, the electromagnetic force F
e compensates the
general gravity force
P
and fulfills the condition of
levitation e
F
P
.
To determine the output voltage, it is necessary to
analyze the magnetic circuit of the stator-rotor assembly
(Fig. 4), and then it is possible to set up the replacement
circuit and determine the main parameters [12, 13].
Fig. 4 Substitution scheme
From the replacement scheme of the magnetic circuit of the
four-pole stator-rotor unit magnetic flux is defined as:
(1)
0
M
MM M
b
ФFµaxF
c
Here
M
- the magnetic permeability of the air gap between
the poles; FM – magnetic force of permanent magnet;
7
0410µ
HN/m; a and b – width and thickness of
poles; c air gap thickness; X- the displacement of the stator
pole relative to the rotor pole.
Electromotive force induced in rotor windings:
(2) 22 0 2
22
M
dФb
EW µFWV
dt c
Here, V is the linear speed of the rotor.
Output voltage:
198 PRZEGLĄD ELEKTROTECHNICZNY, ISSN 0033-2097, R. 99 NR 10/2023
(3) 220 2
24 M
b
UEµFWV
c
From the last statement, the ways to increase the output
voltage are obvious. First of all, it is necessary to increase
the number of windings W2 and the permanent magnetic
force on the pole. Note that it is possible to reduce the
gravity of the rotor by placing permanent magnets in the
stator poles and ferromagnetic poles in the rotor. Another
way to increase the output voltage is to make the stator
poles with pole caps, so the magnetic permeability
M
is
increased [14, 15, 16].
To determine the main characteristics, it is necessary to
calculate the dependencies
1
Ih
,
1 e
FhvF h.
We perform these calculations for
3
210 10 hm
,3
12 25 10 hm
,3
10 10 hm
,
3
20 10 hm
, 3
30 10 hm
and 3
70 10 hm
.
1. When the levitation height is h = 0:
(4)
3
1
123
112
1 158.421 10 6.336
25 0 10
u
KU
A
W
Ihh
(5) 111
6.336 1457 9232.827
F
IW A
(6)
2
2626
11
0.5 10 10 9232.827 85.245
e
F
FF N
(7)
3
1
2
26
1
0.96 220 158.421 10
314 1457 2 10
u
KU
W
(8) 66
0.5 0.5 2 10 10 /HN m
2. When the levitation height 3
10 10hm
:
(9)
3
13
158.421 10 4.526
25 10 10
A
I
(10) 111
4.526 1457 6594.876 FIW A
(11) 62
1
10
e
FF
2
6
10 6594.876 43.492 N
Fig. 5 Dependence of current on levitation height
Fig. 6 Dependence of lift force on levitation height
Table 1. Values of I1(h), F1(h), and Fe(h) dependencies
hx ,10-
3
0 10 20 30 70
İ1, A 6.336 4.526 3.52 2.88 1.67
F1 x 10-
3
A 9.232 6.594 5.129 4.196 2.37
Fe , N 85.245 43.492 26.31 17.612 5.62
3. Conclusion
In regions where the wind speed is less than 7 m/s,
horizontal wind generators cannot work efficiently, as the
frictional resistance is quite large. High frictional resistances
also cause them to generate loud noises at high wind
speeds. The absence of mechanical contacts, friction and
other defects in maglev or magnetically levitated vertical
axis wind generators (VWG) has made it possible for these
generators to work effectively at low wind speeds.
Increasing the efficiency of wind generators has led to a
gradual reduction in the need for expensive traditional
generators that cause environmental pollution and more
wind energy production. Therefore, improvement of VWG
with magnetic and induction levitation is relevant. From the
analysis of the articles devoted to magnetic levitation
vertical axis wind generators, it was found that the radial
resistance and output voltage of the levitation systems of
those generators are not at the required level. The newly
designed induction levitator allows you to adjust the
levitation height and is easily connected to the axis of the
generator.
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