Research on Safety Management of Explosive Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories from the Perspective of Laws and Regulations

Full text

Research on Safety Management of Explosive Hazardous
Chemicals in Laboratories from the Perspective of Laws
and Regulations
WeiXia Wang, XiaoDi Liu, LinYuan Guo, PeiPei Gao, XinYue Liu*
China Special Equipment Inspection & Research Institute, Beijing, China, 100029
*Correspondingauthor.email:liuxinyue@csei.org.cn
Abstract. With the rapid development of laboratory business, explosive haz-
ardous chemicals are indispensable raw and auxiliary materials for laboratories.
According to the development of international and domestic situations, the
country has classified pexplosive hazardous chemicals as national controlled
hazardous chemicals to prevent terrorists or individuals from using explosive
hazardous chemicals for crime. Additionally, due to the inherent flammability
and explosiveness, Improper operation or management can cause casualties and
property damage, endanger social and public safety, and lead to laboratory safety
accidents. This article takes the perspective of the user unit and compares the
characteristics and management of explosive hazardous chemicals with ordinary
hazardous chemicals by sorting out national regulations and standards. It clarifies
the management requirements for the filing, procurement, storage, use, and
public security prevention of explosive hazardous chemicals. Based on our own
experience in the management of explosive hazardous chemicals, suggestions are
proposed to strengthen the safety management of explosive hazardous chemicals.
Keywords: explosive hazardous chemicals; laws and regulations;safety man-
agement of laboratory
1 Introduction
Explosive hazardous chemicals can be used as raw materials or auxiliary materials to
make explosives, including some strong oxidizing agents, strong reducing agents, and
flammable substances, which themselves have flammability and explosiveness. In
laboratory activities, it is inevitable to use of explosive hazardous chemicals. There are
significant potential safety hazards in the procurement, storage, use, and other pro-
cesses. Poor management in one aspect can lead to safety accidents such as fires and
explosions. Furthermore, explosive hazardous chemicals are easily used by criminals to
make explosives, posing a threat to social and public safety[1], In this situation, higher
requirements have been put forward for explosive hazardous chemicals business units.
Therefore, laboratories must strictly manage explosive hazardous chemicals, strictly
control them from all aspects, implement measures that can effectively prevent public
© The Author(s) 2023
S. Yacob et al. (eds.),
Proceedings of the 2023 7th International Seminar on Education, Management and Social
Sciences (ISEMSS 2023)
, Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research 779,
https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-126-5_102

security risks and flammable and explosive the safety accidents of explosive hazardous
chemicals, effectively ensure social security and stability.
2 Overview of laws and regulations
The safety supervision of explosive hazardous chemicals involves multiple links and
departments. Emergency Management Department, the Ministry of Public Security, the
Ministry of Transport and other departments strictly manage explosive hazardous
chemicals within their scope of responsibility. Although China has not yet established a
specific law for explosive hazardous chemicals, multiple existing regulations and
standards have requirements for the safety management of explosive hazardous
chemicals, the author has summarized the regulations and standards that should be
followed when using explosive hazardous chemicals in laboratory.
On December 1, 2011, the State Council issued and implemented the "Regulations
on the Safety Management of Hazardous Chemicals" (State Council Order No. 591) [2],
which clearly stipulated the special management and control of explosive hazardous
chemicals.
On May 11, 2017, in accordance with Article 23 of the "Regulations on the Safety
Management of Hazardous Chemicals" (State Council Order No. 591), the Ministry of
Public Security issued the "List of Explosive Hazardous Chemicals" (2017 Edition) [3].
There are 74 kinds of explosive hazardous chemicals in 9 categories in the list, in-
cluding 3 acids, 11 nitrates, 3 chlorates, 4 perchlorates, 4 dichromates, 15 peroxides and
superoxide, 16 flammable reducing agents, 11 nitro compounds and 7 others.
In 2018, the Ministry of Public Security issued and implemented the "Security and
Prevention Requirements for Storage Places of Explosive Hazardous Chemicals"
(GA1511-2018) [4], which stipulated the classification, protective areas and parts,
manpower prevention requirements, physical prevention requirements, technical pre-
vention requirements, and inspection, acceptance, operation and maintenance re-
quirements of safety prevention systems for storage places of explosive hazardous
chemicals.
In 2019, the Ministry of Public Security issued and implemented the "Measures for
the Security Management of Explosive Hazardous Chemicals" (Order No. 154 of the
Ministry of Public Security) [5], further clarifying the strengthening of security man-
agement of explosive hazardous chemicals and effectively preventing security risks of
explosive hazardous chemicals.
In addition to the above regulations and rules, National and local standards have
further clarified the requirements for the construction and storage of explosive haz-
ardous chemical warehouses, such as GB15603-1995 "General Rules for the Storage of
Commonly Used Chemical Dangerous Goods", GB 17914-1999 "Technical Conditions
for the Storage and Maintenance of Flammable and Explosive Goods"[6], DB11/T
1322.2-2017 "Technical Specifications for Safety Production Registration and Evalu-
ation Part 2: General Requirements for Safety Production", DB11/T 1191.2-2018
"Safety Management Regulations for Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories Part 2:
Research on Safety Management of Explosive Hazardous Chemicals 919

Ordinary Higher Education Institutions", which is an important basis for us to do a
good job in daily safety management of explosive hazardous chemicals.
3 Comparative Study on Safety Management of Explosive
Hazardous Chemicals and Ordinary Hazardous Chemicals
According to the "Regulations on the Safety Management of Hazardous Chemicals",
hazardous chemicals refer to highly toxic chemicals and other chemicals with proper-
ties such as toxicity, corrosion, explosion, combustion, and combustion- supporting,
which are harmful to human health, facilities, and the environment. Currently, there are
2828 hazardous chemicals specified in the "Catalogue of Hazardous Chemicals",
among them, 74 belong to explosive hazardous chemicals.
Explosive hazardous chemicals refer to hazardous chemicals that can be used to
manufacture explosives. Due to the higher risk and harm of explosive hazardous
chemicals compared to ordinary hazardous chemicals, the country implements stricter
control over explosive hazardous chemicals. Through the review of regulations and
standards, it can be found that the various links and management requirements for
explosive hazardous chemicals are far higher than those of ordinary hazardous chem-
icals. This section compares the management requirements for ordinary hazardous
chemicals and explosive hazardous chemicals, as shown in Table 1.
Table 1. Comparison of Safety Management Requirements for Ordinary Hazardous Chemicals
and Explosive Hazardous Chemicals in the Laboratory
Serial
Numbe
r
Items Ordinary Hazardous
Chemicals
Explosive Hazardous
Chemicals
1 Filing requirements No need for filing Filing by the Ministry of
Public Securit
y
2 Flowmanagement
information s
y
ste
m
not have have
3 Purchase Direct procurement
Relevantqualification certi-
fication materials need to be
submitte
d
4 Storage Storage requirements for
its own characteristics
In addition to the storage
requirements for its own
characteristics, there are also
requirements for human
prevention, physical preven-
tion, technical prevention,
and security prevention
systems for theft prevention
and robber
y
5 Safekeeping Dedicated person re-
s
p
onsible for distribution
The custodian should be
com
p
osed of two
p
ersonnel,
920 W. Wang et al.

implementing dual locking,
dual receiving and sending,
dual storage, and dedicated
mana
g
ement
6 Emergency plan Emergency Plan for
Hazardous Chemicals
Emergency plans for haz-
ardous chemicals, including
anti-theft, robbery preven-
tion, damage prevention, and
technical prevention system
failures
7 Abandonment
Dispose of according to
hazardous waste man-
a
g
ement re
q
uirements
Dispose of according to
hazardous waste manage-
ment re
q
uirements
4 Management requirements for explosive hazardous chemicals
This section will provide a detailed explanation of the requirements for the filing,
procurement, storage, use, and security precautions of explosive hazardous chemicals
according to their usage stages.
4.1 Filing
Before using explosive hazardous chemicals, explosive hazardous chemicals busi-
ness units should be necessary to first file a record. Generally, an application is made to
the public security organ of the location (county-level) where the explosive hazardous
chemicals business unitsbelongs. The filing process is that the explosive hazardous
chemicals business units first needs to submit the filing materials to the public security
organ of the location (county-level) where the explosive hazardous chemicals busi-
ness units belongs, and then, the corresponding information are submitted to the
management information system for the flow of explosive hazardous chemicals. After
being approved by the public security organ, explosive hazardous chemicals business
unitscan purchase and use them. The filing materials include the basic information of
the explosive hazardous chemicals business units, legal representative certificate,
commitment letter, filing application, description of the types, quantities, and uses of
explosive hazardous chemicals used, institutional and personnel settings, emergency
plan, storage site safety assessment report, etc. In order to successfully complete the
filing work, the laboratory should investigate the demand for the use of explosive
hazardous chemicals in the laboratory before submitting the filing materials, and de-
termine the relevant information such as the types and quantities of explosive haz-
ardous chemicals used. Another important purpose of filing is to ensure that the man-
agement system, personnel, and storage facilities of explosive hazardous chemicals in
the workplace comply with relevant regulatory requirements, ensuring the safety of the
use of explosive hazardous chemicals.
Research on Safety Management of Explosive Hazardous Chemicals 921

4.2 Purchase
According to the "Measures for Public Security Management of Explosive Hazardous
Chemicals", the explosive hazardous chemicals business units shall establish an in-
formation system for explosive hazardous chemicals and achieve interconnection with
the information system of public security organs. Public security organs and the ex-
plosive hazardous chemicals business units shall implement electronic tracking iden-
tification management of explosive hazardous chemicals, monitor and record the flow
and direction of explosive hazardous chemicals. For purchasing explosive hazardous
chemicals, the following materials should be provided to the sales unit: (1) copies of
legal certificates such as the unit's "Industrial and Commercial Business License" and
"Public Institution Legal Person Certificate", as well as copies of the identity certificate
of the handling person; (2) The legal use description of explosive hazardous chemicals
should include specific uses, varieties, quantities, etc. Individuals are not allowed to
purchase explosive hazardous chemicals.
Sales and purchasing units of explosive hazardous chemicals shall, within five days
after the sale or purchase, report the variety, quantity, and flow information of the
explosive hazardous chemicals sold or purchased to the local county-level public
security organ for record through the explosive hazardous chemical information sys-
tem. the explosive hazardous chemicals business units shall truthfully register infor-
mation on the sale, purchase, entry and exit, receipt, use, return, and disposal of ex-
plosive hazardous chemicals, and enter it into the explosive hazardous chemical in-
formation system.
4.3 Storage
Due to the flammable and explosive nature of explosive hazardous chemicals, it is
crucial to strengthen standardized management in the storage process to ensure the safe
use of explosive hazardous chemicals. The "Measures for Public Security Management
of Explosive Hazardous Chemicals" stipulate that units using explosive hazardous
chemicals such as teaching, scientific research, medical treatment, testing, etc. can use
storage rooms or cabinets to store explosive hazardous chemicals. The storage capacity
of a single storage room or cabinet should be less than 50 kilograms. The "Security and
Prevention Requirements for Storage Places of Explosive Hazardous Chemicals
(GA1511-2018)"classifies storage places of explosive hazardous chemicals according
to their enclosed form and chemical weight. Among them, storage rooms or cabinets
used by teaching, scientific research, medical, testing, and other units with a total
amount of explosive and hazardous chemicals not exceeding 50kg are defined as
low-dose storage places, and detailed regulations have been put forward for their hu-
man resources prevention requirements, physical prevention requirements, and tech-
nical prevention requirements to prevent the loss, theft, and robbery of explosive haz-
ardous chemicals.
GB15603-1995 "General Rules for the Storage of Commonly Used Chemical
Dangerous Goods", GB 17914-1999 "Technical Conditions for the Storage and
Maintenance of Flammable and Explosive Goods",DB11/T 1322.2-2017"Technical
922 W. Wang et al.

Specifications for Safety Production Registration and Evaluation Part 2: General Re-
quirements for Safety Production", DB11/T 1191.2-2018 "Safety Management Regu-
lations for Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories Part 2: Ordinary Higher Education
Institutions" also provide more detailed requirements for the storage of explosive
hazardous chemicals. This article summarizes the requirements in the above regula-
tions and standards, as detailed in Table 2.
Table 2. Storage Requirements for Explosive Hazardous Chemicals
Standards Main Content
"The General Rules
for the Storage of Com-
monly Used Hazardous
Chemicals" (GB
15603-1995)
4.8 Divide, classify, and store hazardous materials according
to their performance.
All types of hazardous materials shall not be mixed with
prohibited materials for storage. The configuration of prohibited
materials is shown in Appendix A (reference).
6.3 Hazardous chemicals that can cause combustion, explo-
sion, or chemical reactions when exposed to fire, heat, or
moisture, and produce toxic gases, shall not be stored outdoors
or in damp or waterlogged buildings.
6.4 Chemical hazardous materials that can undergo chemical
reactions and cause combustion, explosion, decomposition,
combination, or the production of toxic gases under sunlight
exposure should be stored in first class buildings. The packaging
should be protected from light.
6.5 Explosive materials are not allowed to be stored together
with other types of materials, and must be isolated and stored in
limited quantities separately. Warehouses are not allowed to be
built in towns, and a certain safe distance should be maintained
from surrounding buildings, transportation arteries, and power
transmission lines.
6.6 Compressed gas and liquefied gas must be stored sepa-
rately from explosive materials, oxidants, flammable materials,
spontaneous combustion materials, and corrosive materials.
Flammable gases shall not be stored together with combustion
supporting gases or highly toxic gases; Oxygen must not be
mixed with oil for storage. Containers containing liquefied gases
are pressure vessels and must have pressure gauges, safety
valves, emergency shut-off devices, and regular inspections to
p
revent overloadin
g
.
"Technical Conditions
for Storage and Mainte-
nance of Flammable and
Explosive Goods" （GB
4.2 Warehouse
4.2.1 It should be dry, easy to ventilate, enclosed, and pro-
tected from light, and lightning protection devices should be
installed; Places in the warehouse that may emit (or leak)
combustible gases or vapors should be equipped with combus-
tible gas detection and alarm devices.
4.2.2 Various t
yp
es of
g
oods should be strictl
y
zoned, clas-
Research on Safety Management of Explosive Hazardous Chemicals 923

17914-2013）
sified, and stored in separate warehouses based on their nature
and fire extinguishing methods.
4.2.2.1 Explosive goods should be stored in the warehouse of
a first-class light top fire-resistant building.
4.2.2.2 Low and medium flash point liquids, Class I flam-
mable solids, self igniting substances, compressed gases, and
liquefied gases should be stored in the warehouse of Class I
fire-resistant buildings.
4.2.2.3 Flammable goods, oxidants, and organic peroxides
that come into contact with moisture should be stored in ware-
houses of primary and secondary fire-resistant buildings.
4.2.2.4 Class II flammable solids and high flash point liquids
should be stored in warehouses with a fire resistance rating not
lower than Class II.
4.3 Safety requirements
4.3.1 Goods should be kept away from direct sunlight, igni-
tion sources, heat sources, power sources, and environments that
generate sparks.
4.3.2 In addition to classified storage according to Appendix
A, the following varieties should be stored in a dedicated
warehouse:
a) Explosives: Black gunpowder and explosive compounds
should be stored in specialized warehouses;
b) Compressed gases and liquefied gases: Flammable gases,
combustion supporting gases, and toxic gases should be stored
in dedicated warehouses;
c) Flammable liquids can be stored in the same warehouse;
However, goods with different fire extinguishing methods
should be stored in separate warehouses;
d) Flammable solids can be stored in the same warehouse;
However, emulsifier H and acidic or acidic products should be
stored separately in separate warehouses;
e) Nitrocellulose esters, safety matches, red phosphorus,
sulfurized phosphorus, aluminum powder and other metal
powders should be stored in separate warehouses;
f) Spontaneous combustion commodities: yellow phospho-
rus, hydrocarbon based metal compounds, and products soaked
in animal and vegetable oil should be stored in separate ware-
houses;
g) Flammable goods that come into contact with moisture
should be stored in a dedicated warehouse;
h) Oxidants and organic peroxides, primary and secondary
inorganic oxidants, and primary and secondary organic oxidants
should be stored in separate warehouses; Chlorate, permanga-
nate, nitrite, sodium
p
eroxide, h
y
dro
g
en
p
eroxide, etc. should be
924 W. Wang et al.

stored se
p
aratel
y
in dedicated warehouses.
"Technical Specifica-
tions for Safety Produc-
tion Registration and
Evaluation Part 2: Gen-
eral Requirements for
Safety Production"
（DB11/T 1322.2-2017）
3.8.1.7 Special warehouses should be set up in the following
situations:
a) The total storage capacity of flammable liquid hazardous
chemicals is more than 0.5t;
b) The total storage amount of hazardous chemicals such as
oxidizing substances and organic peroxides is more than 0.5t;
c) Total flammable gas storage capacity 36Nm ³ (For exam-
ple, when the working pressure is 15MPa, it is equivalent to 6
bottles of 40L) or above;
d) The total storage amount of corrosive hazardous chemicals
is over 1 ton;
e) Toxic gases;
f) Total storage capacity of non flammable and non-toxic
gases 60Nm ³ (For example, when the working pressure is
15MPa, it is equivalent to 10 bottles of 40L) or above.
3.8.1.8 Special storage rooms should be set up in the fol-
lowing situations:
a) The total storage capacity of flammable liquid hazardous
chemicals is less than 0.5t or does not exceed the usage capacity
of one day and night;
b) The total storage amount of hazardous chemicals such as
oxidizing substances and organic peroxides is less than 0.5t or
does not exceed the usage amount for one day and night;
c) The total storage amount of corrosive hazardous chemicals
is less than 1 ton or does not exceed the usage amount for one
da
y
and ni
g
ht.
"Safety management
standards for hazardous
chemicals in laboratories
Part 2: Ordinary higher
education institu-
tions"(DB11/T
1191.2-2018)
9.2 Hazardous chemicals should be stored in specialized
warehouses, storage rooms, gas cylinder rooms, or cabinets, and
should not be stored outdoors.
9.3 Chemicals that are mutually prohibited should not be
stored in a mixed manner. The commonly used list of prohibited
substances for hazardous chemical storage can be found in
Appendix A. Hazardous chemicals with different fire extin-
guishing methods should be isolated and stored.
9.4 The storage of hazardous chemicals in the laboratory
should meet the following requirements:
b) Flammable and explosive chemicals that need to be stored
at low temperatures should be stored in a refrigerator with
explosion-proof function;
e) Corresponding management requirements should be es-
tablished for explosives, explosive hazardous chemicals, and
precursor chemicals;
9.5 The storage limit requirements for hazardous chemicals
in the laborator
y
are as follows:
Research on Safety Management of Explosive Hazardous Chemicals 925

a) The total amount of hazardous chemicals stored in each
laboratory, except for compressed and liquefied gases, should
not exceed 100L (kg). The total amount of flammable and
explosive chemicals stored should not exceed 50L (kg), and a
sin
g
le
p
acka
g
in
g
container should not exceed 25L
(
k
g)
The storage of explosive hazardous chemicals should also comply with the storage
instructions in the Chemical Safety Data Sheet (SDS) and the common storage taboos
with other chemicals, that is to divide, classify, and store hazardous materials according
to their performance. Explosive hazardous chemicals with conflicting chemical prop-
erties or different protection and fire extinguishing methods are stored in the same
warehouse,explosive hazardous chemicals are prone to react with each other or cause
fire or explosion accidents due to incorrect fire extinguishing methods, posing hazards
to the laboratory.
4.4 Use
"Measures for Public Security Management of Explosive Hazardous Chemicals"clearly
stipulate that units using explosive hazardous chemicals shall not lend or transfer their
purchased explosive hazardous chemicals, if it is necessary to transfer due to changes in
production, suspension of production, relocation, closure, etc., the transfer shall be
made to a unit with relevant permits or supporting documents. Both parties shall report
the relevant situation to the local county-level public security organs within five days
after the transfer. Therefore, in the daily use of laboratories, it is prohibited to privately
borrow and obtain explosive hazardous chemicals from units or universities with co-
operative relationships. This behavior not only violates the regulations, but also easily
leads to unclear flow of explosive hazardous chemicals, bringing difficulties and hid-
den dangers to laboratory safety management.
Personnel using hazardous chemicals must undergo training and understand neces-
sary usage, protection, and emergency knowledge before taking up their positions.
When using hazardous chemicals, relevant regulations such as SDS should be strictly
followed, protection measures should be taken, special equipment should be used to
prevent leakage, scattering, and diffusion, and excessive use and illegal operations
should be prohibited. When hazardous chemicals need to be transferred or repackaged
to other containers, the container must be inspected before use and labeled. When
preparing the solution, it is necessary to strictly follow the corresponding regulations,
wear a mask and acid and alkali resistant gloves to prevent evaporation and splashing,
and should be carried out in a fume hood. The explosive hazardous chemicals that are
discarded after use should be carefully classified and collected, and transferred and
disposed according to hazardous waste disposal requirements. If explosive hazardous
chemicals are lost, stolen, or robbed, it should be reported to the public security organs
immediately.
926 W. Wang et al.

4.5 Public security prevention
The storage units should establish a security system, establish a security organization,
and equip full-time security personnel to be responsible for the security work of ex-
plosive hazardous chemicals. The security duty room should post alarm contact num-
bers in obvious areas. A system for inspecting and registering the entry and exit of
explosive hazardous chemicals should be established, and the storage area keeper
should be composed of two personnel,a system of dual locking, dual receiving and
sending, dual storage, and dedicated management should be implemented, regularly
verify the storage status of explosive hazardous chemicals, and take appropriate
maintenance measures after storage. If any quality changes, packaging damage, leak-
age, or shortage of stabilizers are found, they should be dealt with in a timely manner.
Security personnel and custodians should be trained before taking up their positions,
and have records of participating in training and passing assessments. Employers
should regularly provide training and education on security personnel and custodians,
focusing on theft prevention and loss prevention. At least one safety meeting should be
held every month with records kept. The laboratory should establish emergency re-
sponse plans for the theft prevention, robbery prevention, destruction prevention, and
technical prevention system failure of explosive hazardous chemicals, and conduct
targeted emergency drills once a year. The storage area should conduct regular testing
and maintenance of the safety protection system, and keep records of testing and
maintenance to ensure the effective operation of the safety protection system. If the
safety protection system malfunctions, an emergency plan should be initiated during
the maintenance period. If the function cannot be restored after 24 hours, it should be
reported to the local public security organ. The security prevention system should be
tested every three years by a qualified unit, with a testing report issued and reported to
the local public security organs[7]. The explosive hazardous chemicals busi-
ness unitsshould strengthen the inspection, assessment, rewards and punishments of
public security prevention work, promptly identify and rectify public security hazards,
and keep inspection and rectification records.
5 Strengthen the safety management of explosive hazardous
chemicals
Explosive hazardous chemicals are dangerous, involve many management links, and
are widely used, they are important hazard in laboratories. According to literature
statistics, the number of laboratory accidents caused by human factors accounts for
58% of the total number, and the number of casualties accounts for 87.6% of the total
number of accidents. The mainreason include violations of operating procedures,
careless or improper use, improper operation, non-standard storage of reagents, and
improper disposal of waste materials[8]. Therefore, avoiding unsafe human behavior
plays an important role in improving the safety management level of explosive haz-
ardous chemicals. As a responsible explosive hazardous chemicals business unit, strict
requirements should be imposed, safety management systems should be fully imple-
Research on Safety Management of Explosive Hazardous Chemicals 927

mented, lessons should be learned from accidents that have occurred, safety hazards
should be comprehensively identified, and the entire process safety of explosive haz-
ardous chemicals should be ensured[9-10]. It is suggested to further carry out work from
the following aspects:
5.1 Establish a safety management responsibility system and clarify personnel
responsibilities
The laboratory shall establish a strict management system for explosive hazardous
chemicals, define the whole process management links, and assign the responsibilities
of each link to individuals. Establish a procurement system for explosive hazardous
chemicals, strictly approve procurement plans, and ensure that purchases are made
within the scope of filing. During the acceptance process, the quantity and labels of
purchased hazardous chemicals are carefully checked to ensure safe reception. Estab-
lish a registration system for entry and exit, and the custodian should truthfully register
the flow information of explosive hazardous chemicals, ensuring clear accounts, ac-
count goods match case, and clear and verifiable records of the flow in and out of
storage locations. Establish a warehouse safety inspection system, where the ware-
house keeper should check the storage status of explosive hazardous chemicals on a
daily basis, conduct regular inventory checks, promptly rectify problems found, and
promptly search when discrepancies between accounts and goods. If the whereabouts
cannot be found, it should immediately report to the industry regulatory department and
the local public security organs. Establish a security duty system, and security per-
sonnel on duty should strengthen inspections of storage areas, promptly respond to
suspicious situations, and prevent unsafe incidents from occurring.
5.2 Strengthen professional knowledge training and enhance personnel
capabilities
Equip personnel with strong professional knowledge and rich work experience as
safety management personnel, strictly manage every link from purchase, transporta-
tion, storage to use, conduct qualification review, hold a certificate to work, regularly
and irregularly conduct special education, training and assessment, and improve the
safety awareness and skills of full-time personnel. Familiarizeand understand person-
nel with the properties, protective measures, and emergency response measures of
explosive hazardous chemicals they come into contact with, strictly follow various
operating procedures, and do not take education and training as mere formality to truly
learn and understand. You can also develop a list of explosive hazardous chemicals and
emergency plans for theft prevention, robbery prevention, destruction prevention, and
technical prevention system failures into a book and send them to each relevant per-
sonnel for self-study, so that laboratory personnel know how to handle accidents cor-
rectly and reasonably. Targeted emergency drills are conducted once a year to effec-
tively improve the emergency response ability of laboratory personnel.
928 W. Wang et al.

5.3 Intensify safety inspections and eliminate non-standard behavior
Carry out special inspections on explosive hazardous chemicals to ensure that the
equipment and facilities in the relevant use and storage laboratories are in good con-
dition, and the technical prevention system is effective. For discovered safety hazards,
the laboratory is required to rectify them in a timely manner, strictly implement recti-
fication measures and time limits, and prevent safety accidents. For illegal and irregular
behaviors discovered, comprehensive measures such as economic penalties and pro-
duction suspension and rectification should be applied to strictly punish them, promote
the laboratory to firmly establish a safety concept, comprehensively improve safety
management capabilities, and effectively improve the level of safety production.
5.4 Improve the level of informatization and track the flow of explosive and
hazardous chemicals throughout the entire process
Apply Internet of Things technology to establish a management platform for explosive
hazardous chemicals in the laboratory, input information such as the name, quantity,
purpose, and flow direction of explosive hazardous chemicals into the management
system, and effectively count and clarify the situation and flow direction. Through the
synchronous implementation of online and on-site inspections, violations of operations
and non-standard management behaviors are discovered, and rectified in a timely
manner, safety hazards are eliminated, and precise management and control of explo-
sive hazardous chemicals are achieved to avoid accidents.
6 Conclusion
Through combing the national laws and regulations, this paper systematically discusses
the security prevention requirements and use requirements of explosive hazardous
chemicals in laboratories, in the daily management of the laboratory, various laws,
regulations, standards and safety management systems should be implemented in place
to effectively regulate the purchase, storage and use of explosive hazardous chemicals
in the laboratory, build a safety training system for explosive hazardous chemicals,
attach importance to risk identification and control, and ensure the safety of the whole
process management of explosive hazardous chemicals.
Acknowledgments
This work was financially supported by the Science and Technology Program of CSEI
(2022 Career Development Research Topics 08).
Research on Safety Management of Explosive Hazardous Chemicals 929

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