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Defensive Maritime Space in the Bay of Cartagena de Indias (Colombia) in the Eighteenth Century
Abstract
The geostrategic importance of Cartagena de Indias for the European colonial powers in the eighteenth century led to the creation of defense infrastructures and the development of practices designed to strengthen and protect the coast. All of the infrastructures and cultural practices related to the militarization of this territory constitute a homogeneous cultural phenomenon that archaeologists interpret as a maritime cultural landscape of war and defense, or a fortified landscape. In Cartagena de Indias, an English attack in 1741 led to a revision of the strategies and defensive tactics used in the Bay of Cartagena de Indias and to improvements in the military infrastructure used to control the coast. This battle left archaeological evidence inland, on the coast, and underwater. The studies carried out at this site have focused on gathering new archaeological information through investigating inland, intertidal, and submerged contexts. Academic and institutional archaeological research projects have provided new data about the development of the city’s fortified system in the colonial period. Using both intrusive and nonintrusive methods such as remote sensing technologies and analysis of historical cartography, primary documentary sources, and oral sources, it was possible to understand the forms of territorialization of smooth and striated spaces.
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