STUDIES ON FOLIICOLOUS FUNGI

Abstract

This paper gives an account of five taxa of the genus Asterina, collected from Kerala State. Of these, Asterina miliusae and A. suttonii are the new species. Asterina hibisci (Doidge) Hosagoudar, comb. nov. is effected here, while, Asterina lobulifera and A. pogostemonis are reported here for the first time from India.

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J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. Vol. 28 No.1 (2004)
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J. STUDIES ON FOLIICOLOUS FUNGI
I V.B. HOSAGOUDAR, C.K. BIJU & T .K. ABRAHAM
Microbiology Division, Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode 695 562,
Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
ABSTRACT
This paper gives an account of five taxa of the genus Asterina, collected from
Kerala State. Of these, Asterina miliusae and A. suttonii are the new species.
Asterina hibisci (Doidge) Hosagoudar, comb. nov. is effected here, while, Asterina
lobulifera and A. pogostemonis are reported here for the first time from India.
1. Asterina hibisci (Doidge) V.B. Hosagoudar, Materials examined: On leaves of Hibiscus
comb. nov. (Fig. - 1) sp. (Malvaceae), cultivated in the eampus of
-A.~terina diplocarpa Cooke var. hibisci Doidge, Tro~ical Botanic. Garden and Research
Bothalia 4 : 331. 1942. Institute, Palode, Thlruvananthapuram, Kerala,
Oct. 17, 2000, V.B. Hosagoudar HCIO 43812;
Colonies mostly epiphyllous, thin to TBGT 357.
subdense, up to 5 mm in diameter, confluent
and thinly cover an entire upper surface of the Doidge ~1.942) distinguished a.nd placed this
leaves. Hyphae substraight to undulate fungus by gIvmg the status of venety. However,
branching alternate to opposite at acute angles: l~osely reticulate mycelia, morpholo.gically
- loosely reticulate, 20-32 x 2-4 ~m. Appressoria d~ff~rent and less number ~f a?pre~sona a:nd
unicellular, alternate, scattered, straight to distinctly larger ascospores Justifies Its speCIes
rarely curved, ovate, globose, entire to status.
t sublobate, 9-12 x 4-9 ~m. Thyriothecia 2. Asterina lobulifera Sydow Philippine J.
scattered, orbicular, up to 110 ~m in diameter, Sci. 9: 181, 1914. (Fig. . 2) ,
stellately dehisced at the centre, margin .'
crenate; asci few to many, mostly globose, Colo~Ies .epIphyllous, subdense to dense, up
- octosporous, 25-35 ~m in diameter; ascospores to 3.mm m dIameter, rarely c?nflu~nt. Hyphae
. brown, conglobate, uniseptat~, constricted, straIght to flexuous, ~ranchmg Irregular at
20-23 x 9-12 ~m., wall verrucose. Pycnothyria acute angles, ll?Osely reticulate, cells 16-32 x 4-5
few to many, similar but smaller than ~m. Appressona two celled, .altet;"Date, antrorse,
thyriothecia; pycnothyriospores unicellular, 8-15 ~m long; stalk cells cyhndncal to cune~te,
globose to pyriform brown 16-18 x 13-15 ~m 5-8 ~m long; head cells ovate, globose, entire,
wall smooth. " , sublobate to lobate, 5-8 x 6-11 ~m. Thyriothecia
scattered to loosely grouped, often connate,
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Fif:!. 1. Asterina hibisci (Doidge) Hosag., comb. novo -
a. Appressoriate mycelium; b. Thyriothecium; C. Ascospores; d. Pycnothyriospores
orbicular, up to 144 !-1m i11 diameter, stellately spores brown, obpyriform, truncate at the base,
dehisced at the centre, margin crenate to 16-18 x 9-10 !-1m, wall smooth.
fimbriate, fringed hyphae straight to flexuous; Materials examined On leaves of
asci not seen; ascospore~ conglobate, brown, Glochidion sp. (Euphorbiaceae), Mannavan
I-septate, strongly constrIcted at the septu~, shola, Munnar, Idukki, Kerala, India, Jan. 5,
16-21 x 9-10 ? ~m, wall s~ooth. .Pycnoth.~la 1998, C.K. Biju HCIO 43362 (p.p.) TBGT 265
smaller and sImIlar to thynothecla; pycmdlo- (p.p.).
176
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~' Fig, 2. Asterina lobulifera Sydow
~ a, Appressoriate mycelium; b, Thyriothecium; d. Ascospores; e. Pycnothyriospore
;, This species was known from Philippines, irregulariter acuteque vellaxe ramosae, laxe vel
Taiwan and Japan (Sydow & Sydow, 1914; dense reticulatae, cellulae 17-26 x 5-7 11m,
Yamamoto, 1956; Katumoto, 1991) and is Appressoria alternata, ad 30% opposita,
- reported here for the first time from India unicellula, ovata, sursum attenuata et late
(Bilgrami et al., 1991; Sarbhoy et al., 1996). rotundata, integra vel raro leniter lobata, 9-16 x
, . , 6-8 11m. Thyriothecia dispersa vel plerumque
3. Asterlna mulusae V.B, Hosagoudar et C.K. t b'I'd200 " d .am stellatl '
mB'. (F' 3) canna a, or ICU arIa, a ,..m I .,
IJU, sp, novo 19.- dehiscentes ad centro, margine fimbriatae,
Coloniae epiphyllae, densae, ad 3 mm hyphae fringiorae anfractuae, compactae; asci
diam., raro confluentes. Hyphae rectae, globosi, octospori, ad 40 11m diam.; ascosporae
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177
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Hosagoudar, Biju & Abraham
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Fig. 3. Asterina miliusae sp novo
8. Appressoriate mycelium; b. Thyriothecium; c. Ascus; d. Ascospores
conglobatae, bicellulae, uniseptatae, constrictae, connate, orbicular, up to 200 !!In in diameter,
brunneae ad maturitatae, 24-32 x 12-16 I.Im. stellately dehiscc.d at the centre, margin
Colonies epiphyllous, dense, up to 3 mm in fimbriate, fringed hyphae crooked, c~mp,act; asci
diameter, rarely confluent. Hyphae straight, globose, octosporous, up to 40 I.Im In d~ameter;
branching irregular at acute to wide angles, ascosp,ores conglobate, two celled, urnsept~te,
loosely to closely reticulate, cells 17-26 x 5-7I.1m. constncted at the septum, brown at mat:unty,
Appressoria alternate, about 30% opposite, 24-~2 x 12-16 I.Im, wall tubercled to slightly
unicellular, ovate, taper and broadly rounded echInulate.
towards apex, entire to rarely slightly lobate, Materials examined: On leaves of Miliusa
9-16 x 6-8I.1m. Thyriothecia scattered but mostly sp. (Annonaceae), Rajamala, Idukki, Kerala,
178
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India, Sept. 14, 1999, C.K. Biju HCIO 43456 Hyphae flexuous to crooked branching irregular
(type), TBGT 273 (isotype). at acute angles, 3-4 hyphal ~trands run together
Based on the morphology and to ~orm compact mycelial strip, loosely to closely
measurements the present collection is close to retIculate, cells 17-21 x 3-4 ~m. Appressoria few,
- Asterina clemensiae Petrak known on Polyalthin two celled, alternate, straight to rarely curved,
sp. from Philippines (Petrak & Sydow, 1931). antrorse to subantrorse or perpendicular to the
However, Asterina miliusac differs from it in hyphae, 11-13 ~m long; stalk cells cylindrical,
. having 30% opposite and longer appressoria. 3-5 ~m long; head cells ovate, oblong, clavate
.. . . hamate, straight to curved, angular, sublobate
4. Astenna pogost~monis Petrak, Sydowia to deeply lobate, 6-10 x 6-13 ~m. Thyriothecia
,. 12: 476, 1958. (FIg. - 4) scattered, loosely grouped to connate, orbicular,
Colonies amphigenous, mostly epiphyllous, up to 110 ~m in di~meter, stellately dehisced at
-; dense, up to 2 mm in diameter, rarely confluent. the centre, margin crenate; asci not seen;
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a. Appressoriate mycelium; b. Thyriothecium; d. Ascospores
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Fig. 5. Asterina suttonii sp. novo
a. Appressoriate mycelium; b. Thyriothecium; c. ASC1.1S; d. Ascospores; e. Pycnothyriospores
180
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. J. Econ.. Taxon. Bot. Vol. 28 No.1 (2004)
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ascospores conglobate, brown, I-septate, taper and broadly rounded at both the apices,
constricted, 19-24 x 8-10 I.Im, wall smooth to 28-32 x 9-11 I.Im, wall smooth. Pycnothyria not
punctate. seen; pycnothyriospores many, mostly pyriform,
Materials examined: On leaves of brown, 12-15 x 9-11 I.Im, wall smooth.
- Pogostemon sp. (Lamiaceae), Rajamala, Idukki, Materials examined: On leaves of
Kerala, India, Sept. 14, 1999, C.K. Biju HCIO Symplocos sp. (Symplocaceae), Rajamala,
43612, TBGT 288. Idukki, Kerala, India, Sept. 14, 1999, C.K. Biju
~ This species was known on Pogostemon HCIO 43455 (type). TBGT 274 (isotype).
uelatus from Philippines (Petrak, 1958) and is A t . . d .S d A. . s erm m lca y ow, . grammocarpa
reported here for the first tIme from IndIa. S d d A d l . S d k thO
. . .. y ow an . so a lS y ow are nown on IS
Ascospores m the present collectIon are slIghtly h t fi I d . Ph.ll .. d B1 .. os genus rom n la, 1 Ippmes an orneo,
arger m sIze. .
- respectIvely (Sydow, 1928; Sydow & Sydow,
5. Asterina suttoni V.B. Hosagoudar et 1914; Sydow et al. 1911). However, the present
C.K.Biju, sp. novo (Fig. - 5) new species differs from all in having larger
Coloniae epiphyllae, minutae, densae, ad 1 ascospores tapering towards both the ends.
mm diam., raro confluentes. Hyphae rectae, This species is named in honour of Dr. B.C.
alternatae, oppositae vel irregulariter acuteque Sutton for his devotion to Coelomycetes.
vellaxe ramosae, laxe reticulatae, cellulae 12-15
x 5-6 I.Im. Appressoria unicellula, alternata, ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ovata, clavata, cylindracea, integra vel
angularia, 11-13 x 8-12 I.Im. Thyriothecia Thanks are due to Dr. G.M. Nair,
dispersa, orbicularia, ad 300 I.Im diam., stellatim Director and Dr. N. Mohanan, Scientist,
dehiscentes ad centro, margine fimbriatae, TBGRI, Palode for the facilities and help in
hyphae fringiorae elongatae, anfractuae; asci the identification, respectively.
ovati vel ellipsoidi, octospori, 60-65 x 28-32 I.Im;
ascosporae ellipsoideae, uniseptatae, leniter REFERENCES
constrictae, utrinque attenuatae, 28-32 x 9-11
I.Im, parietus glabrus. Pycnothyria non visa; BILGRAMI, K.S., JAM~LUDDI~, S. .& M.A.
pycnothyriosporae numerosae, plerumque RIZWI 1991. Fungl of Indla. ,LlSt. and
b .fi b 12 15 9 11 References. Today and Tomorrow s Pnnters
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~ ... DOIDGE, E.M. 1942. A revision of the South
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.. mm in diameter, rarely confluent. Hyphae 273-344.
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in diameter, stellately dehisced at the centre, 472-486.
margin frimbriate, fringed hyphae elongated, SARBHOY, A.K., J .L. V ARSHNEY & D.K.
crooked; asci ovate to ellipsoidal, octosporous, AGARWAL 1996. Fungi of India (1982-92).
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uniseptate, slightly constricted at the septa, pp. 350.
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181
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Hosagoudar, Biju & Abraham ~c =
SYDOW, H. 1928, Fungi Borneenees, Ann. Fungi lndiae Orientalis - II,
Mycol. 26: 85-99, Microthyriaceae. Ann. Mycol, 9: 389-392.
& p, SYDOW 1914. Fungi from YAMAMOTO, W. 1956, The Formosan species of
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157-189. Agric., Ser. Agric. Biol. 2: 33-36.
, & E.J. BUTLER 1911.
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