Passive Solar Technology and its Techniques

Abstract

Passive solar technique is which converts the natural energy into usable energy resources. The passive solar energy is the sunlight that is been got directly or indirectly are been converted to heating or cooling purpose. This process is been effectively used all over the world for the future development. As the usage such as the solar technologies and other innovative techniques this does not involve in most of the mechanical process. Solar energy is mostly environmentally friendly and eco friendly that are blending with day to day life. The light and heat that are been got naturally are used to provide electricity that can be used in building s interior and exterior purpose. The most possible ways that the passive solar technique is that the maximum use of the windows and doors, shading devices, louvers and angular roofing are the methods that can be used for the passive solar energy techniques. The next method passive solar heating is also an technique that makes or traps the heat and saves the heat in any part of building based on the required material. This allows heat that is needed at required times during different weather conditions the passive solar technique plays an important role during different climatic conditions. During the summer season it prevents the direct heat entering the building and can be reduced based on growth of the plant such as shrubs and creeper plants. During the winter season it emits the heat to the entire building such as the material been used such as concrete, thermal mass material ,stone slabs, these have more emitting power and makes the entire place more warm and heat. Most of the application techniques and methods will be studied later with following research ideas.

Full text

Shanlax
International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities
http://www.shanlaxjournals.com
46
Passive Solar Technology and its
Techniques
J. Gowtham Narayanan
Deparment of Architecture
RVS School of Architecture, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, India
https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0760-1679
Abstract
Passive solar technique is which converts the natural energy into usable energy resources. The
passive solar energy is the sunlight that is been got directly or indirectly are been converted to
heating or cooling purpose. This process is been effectively used all over the world for the future
development. As the usage such as the solar technologies and other innovative techniques this does
not involve in most of the mechanical process. Solar energy is mostly environmentally friendly and
eco friendly that are blending with day to day life. The light and heat that are been got naturally
are used to provide electricity that can be used in building s interior and exterior purpose. The
most possible ways that the passive solar technique is that the maximum use of the windows and
doors, shading devices, louvers and angular roong are the methods that can be used for the
passive solar energy techniques. The next method passive solar heating is also an technique that
makes or traps the heat and saves the heat in any part of building based on the required material.
This allows heat that is needed at required times during different weather conditions the passive
solar technique plays an important role during different climatic conditions. During the summer
season it prevents the direct heat entering the building and can be reduced based on growth of the
plant such as shrubs and creeper plants. During the winter season it emits the heat to the entire
building such as the material been used such as concrete, thermal mass material ,stone slabs,
these have more emitting power and makes the entire place more warm and heat. Most of the
application techniques and methods will be studied later with following research ideas.
Keywords: Renewable, Eco Friendly, Louvers, Direct Heat, Thermal Mass.
Introduction to Passive Solar Technique
 Thepassivesolarbuildingdesignhelpsthewindowswalls,oorsthatare
usedtocollectandstoreandreectanddistributethegainedsolarenergythat’s
beengotnaturally.Thisisbeensplitupbasedonheatseasonandcoldseason.
In the form of heat during the winter season and it rejects the heat during the
summer.Thisintheneedofsolarheatingsystemsitdoesnotinvolvetheuseof
mechanicalandelectricaldevices.Thebasickeyideaofthesolarbuildingisto
makethebestperformancebasedonthelocalclimaticconditionandtheexact
sitebeenanalyzed.Themostimportantaspecttobeconsideredarethewindows
or the placement of windows at the correct position,  the glazing typology,
the thermal insulation for the sound proof materials or the thermal mass and
shading.Thepassivesolardesignorthetechniquetobeappliedeasilyinthe
newbuildings with new technologies,but the existing buildingscan only be
adaptedorretrotted.solarpathalsoplaysanvitalroleintheeldofpassive
solardesigntechniques.Thesunpathindicatesthechangeofthesundirection
duringtheseveralmonthsatdifferenttimeperiodorintervals.Mostofthesun
path diagrams are been analyzed  for the months of  January, March, June,
September,December.Duringeachandeverymonththesunpathmo0vesin
different directions which provides shading at various angles or direction that
reducesthedirectheatenteringthebuilding.Themaximumamountofheatis
beencapturedatthesouthregionbecauseoftheequatorpresentinthatlocation.
OPEN ACCESS
ManuscriptID:
ASH-2023-110266610
Volume:11
Issue:2
Month:October
Year:2023
P-ISSN:2321-788X
E-ISSN:2582-0397
Received:19.07.2023
Accepted:28.08.2023
Published:01.10.2023
Citation:
GowthamNarayanan,
J.“PassiveSolar
TechnologyandIts
Techniques.”Shanlax
International Journal
of Arts, Science and
Humanities,vol.11,
no.2,2023,pp.46–49.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34293/
sijash.v11i2.6610
Thisworkislicensed
under a Creative Commons
Attribution-ShareAlike4.0
International License

Shanlax
International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities
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The major difference been found in the altitude of
thesunis that the solar noon that’s between winter
and the summer that forms the basis of solar passive
design.Thecareful arrangement  of  the roomsis
themajortaskforehpassivesolardesign.Thebasic
recommendation for most of the dwelling places
istolive in the areas that’s beenfacingsolar noon
and the sleeping place at the opposite side for better
feeling inside the room by the strategic placement
of the shading devices such as louvers, windows
that prevents the solar gain heat entering inside the
building.Thisisbeenfollowedthoughtouttheyear
forbetterexperienceoftheclimaticconditionfor
thesurrounding.Thedirectgainpassivesolarsystem
ismoresufcientthermalmassconditionthatisused
topreventlargeamountoftemperatureuctuations
intheindoorairquality
Types of Passive Solar Heating
 The  three major types of passive solar heating
systemsarebasedonthecertainweatherconditions.
Thetypesaredirectgain,trombewall,andattached
sunspace.Amoungtheall three types , direct gain
will be the more simplest form of common passive
solar strategy. The other major methods of the
passive solar heating are conduction, convection
and radiation. conduction of materials is that  the
change of the particles from one place to another
or its transformation. This occurs between  the
particles form one place to another. This occurs
between the kinetic energy from other particles. It
also indicates the need of direct contact with thermal
energy.Convection is the method that works with
the principles of transferred heat movement that
convertsheatsuchasairorwater.Convectionisthe
process that converts the heat from on have place to
anotherthroughliquidandgases.theheatlossmay
be gained from the surrounding warm air to cooler
air.  The air that passes from one place to another
is mostly transferred from skin surfaces  not only
evaporates moisture but it also transfers sensible
heattothebodythatproducesheatcontent.Whenthe
rate of the air movement is large compared with the
bodytemperatureandthesurroundingairmovement.
Radiationistheenergythatcomesfromthesource
and that travels through space at the total speed of
light.Thistypeoflighthasmoreamountofelectric
eldandthemagneticeldblendedwithitandhas
thewavepropertiesthatsatisesallcharacters.The
radiationcanbemostly divided into types such as
nonionizingradiationandionizingradiations. Non
ionizingradiationsarehavingmoreionizingenergy
that transfers the large amount of atoms or molecules
for a greater energy. The radiation is that has all
the properties and its called as the electromagnetic
radiation. Radiation is the ow of atomic and
subatomic particles and of the wavers such as those
arebeencharacterizedbythethreedifferenttypeof
rayssuchasalpharays,gammarays,betarays.
Shading Devices
Shading devices are that which has the higher
level of comfort inside the building and outside the
building which provides more thermal comfort to
the building and the people those who reside in
the building. This automatically makes the indoor
environment better  occupants that satises the
importantfactorssuchasthetemperature,humidity,
and the intensity of light. There are many possible
reasons that the shading devices play an important
role in the day to day life of the buildings. The
amount of day lighting  to be reduced in the cold
climaticcondition.Inthistypeofclimaticregionthe
shadingdevicesaremostlyusedtomaketheheatto
enterthebuildingandmakeitmorewarmcondition.
Similarlyinthehotclimaticconditionthenumberof
shading devices such as large windows, ventilators,
and louvers are been reduced to prevent the direct
heatenteringthebuilding.Whenthistypeofshading
devices are been used it makes the region more
warm condition.  The well designed building such
asthesuncontrolandshadingdevicescanbeorderly
reducethebuildingpeakheatgainorheartlossand
thecooling requirement that naturally improvesthe
worthofthebuildinginteriors.
 Thebasicsuncontrolshadingcanbeprovideby
thewiderangeofbuildingcomponentssuchas:
1. Landscaping elements and mature trees
2. Overhangingnsattheexteriorfeatures.
3. Lightshelvesatexteriorelements.
4. Lowshadingdevicessuchasglass.
5. Internalglarecontrolandcontroldevices.

Shanlax
International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities
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48
Passive Solar Building Concepts
The passive solar buildings uses most of the
solarenergythatisbeengainedduringdaytimein
enormous amount.  The increase in the population
growth maybe the reason fortheincrementofthe
heat energy  during the  time period of years. The
growthoftheindustrializationmayalsoleadstothe
needofenergyconsumptionenormouslyindaytoday
activities.Thehighconsumptionhavealmostallthe
techniquesfortheincreasingofenergyconsumption
regularly.  This mostly causes the negative impact
towards the environment for the better living. The
innovative methods been used are been implied for
thebetter environment.  The useofexistingenergy
in the building with out exploiting the additional
need of the electrical and mechanical sources are
calledaspassivesolarbuildingconcept.Themajor
concept of the passive solar building is that the basic
elementssuch as the usageof the oors, windows,
walls,andtheooringmaterialsthatarebeenmade
to collect the solar energy and store them for their
usageorregularuse.Mostof the collected energy
thatarebeenusednaturallyarebeenproperlyused
duringthewinterandthesummerseasoneffectively.
The workspace that we are working based on the
human thermal comfort  are been taken as granted
for an safe and comfortable environment. The
basichuman body temperature is about37 degree
Celsius which emits more amount of radiation.  If
the heat content of the body increases the process
of sweating takes place and makes the body more
tired and uneasy.  The uncomfortable environment
makestheplacemoredeadlyandmakestheimpact
of radiation. The thermal radiation indicates that
the electromagnetic radiation or waves requires
nomedium.  Theproperty of the thermalradiation
is that the convective heat transfer and must be
included in computational free owing dynamic
modelingto have thebestthermal comfort factors.
Mostoftheelectromagneticwavesareinfullpower
that the load are been transferred form one place to
anotherbydifferentmeans.Theradiationmaybeof
differenttypessuchasshortwaveradiationandlong
wave radiation. The short wave radiation indicates
the solar radiation and the long wave indicates the
surface temperature and  atmosphere radiation.
The four major factors that are been considered for
theradiationare astheairtemperature, humidity,
windspeedandsolarradiation.
Implementation Process
The major implementation process is that it
mostly takes the advantage of a building site ,
climatic condition of the location, building materials
thatisbeenusedtoreducetheenergythatisbeen
usedregularly.Thepassivesolardesignedresidence
indicates that the reduction of the heat and cooling
loads that are been reduced through the energy
efcientstrategiesthat are reduced in total loads in
wholeor part with the  effect ofsolarenergy.The
major application of the process implementation is
the use of appropriate materials that are suitable to
heatsuchasdarkoors,andsouthfacingwindows.
Themajoruseofthedarkooristhattoabsorbthe
direct heat to the building and it collects or traps
the heat in he building and releases during the hot
climaticcondition.
Out Come of the Study
 The major outcome of the study is the passive
terminology with less amount of used mechanical
equipmentsoitseasyto use solar or solar gain the
anduseoftheelectricalequipmentwithmanysolar
energyandenergyandsolarenergy.
Conclusion
As in the current trends or current era we are
inneed of more amount of electricationprocess.
Butintherecent technology the use of mechanical
equipment are been widely  used. In order to
prevent all these issues large amount of windows or
ventilators, and louvers can be given to reduce the
directamount of heat entering inside thebuilding.
Thusthepassivesolardesignplaysanimportantrole
in designing of large scale buildings or commercial
buildings.
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Author Details
J. Gowtham Narayanan, Deparment of Architecture, RVS School of Architecture, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, India,
Email ID: gowtham.architect@gmail.com