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679
https://www.doi.org/10.33910/2686-9519-2023-15-3-679-690
http://zoobank.org/References/45FD86BC-E286-46F3-A1B1-4C94F4EABDE1
UDC 595.785
First data on autumn Geometridae (Lepidoptera)
on the Kuril Islands
E. A. Beljaev1, S. V. Vasilenko2, V. V. Dubatolov2, 3, V. K. Zinchenko2
1Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy
of Sciences, 159 Stoletia Vladivostoka Ave., 690022, Vladivostok, Russia
2Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 11 Frunze Str.,
630091, Novosibirsk, Russia
3Zapovednoe Priamurie Federal State Institution, 8 Yubileinaya Str., 680502, Bychikha Russia
Сведения об авторах
Беляев Евгений Анатольевич
E-mail: beljaev@biosoil.ru
SPIN-код: 7939-9906
Scopus Author ID: 56624746000
ResearcherID: A-7700-2014
ORCID: 0000-0003-0194-8525
Василенко Сергей Владимирович
E-mail: s.v.vasilenko@mail.ru
SPIN-код: 9176-8171
Дубатолов Владимир Викторович
E-mail: vvdubat@mail.ru
SPIN-код: 6703-7948
Зинченко Вадим Константинович
E-mail: vscar@ngs.ru
SPIN-код: 9693-7232
Права: © Авторы (2023). Опублико-
вано Российским государственным
педагогическим университетом им.
А. И. Герцена. Открытый доступ на
условиях лицензии CC BY-NC 4.0.
Аннотация. Впервые рассмотрена осенняя фауна пядениц (Lepidoptera:
Geometridae) острова Кунашир. Приведено 32 вида, среди которых 2
вида – Ramobia mediodivisa Inoue, 1953 и Martania fulvida (Butler, 1881)
отмечены впервые для фауны России, и 8 видов указаны впервые для
Курильских островов – Colotois pennaria (Linnaeus, 1761), Orthonama
obstipata (Fabricius, 1794), Photoscotosia lucicolens (Butler, 1878), Epirrita
autumnata (Borkhausen, 1794), Gandaritis fixseni (Bremer, 1864), Pennithera
comis (Butler, 1879), Venusia phasma (Butler, 1879) и Spiralisigna subpumilata
(Inoue, 1972). Кратко рассмотрены фенологические аспекты периода
сбора бабочек.
Ключевые слова: Lepidoptera, Geometridae, фауна, новые находки, Россия,
Курильские острова, Кунашир
Первые данные об осенних пяденицах (Lepidoptera:
Geometridae) на Курильских островах
Е. А. Беляев1, С. В. Василенко2, В. В. Дубатолов2, 3, В. К. Зинченко2
1 Федеральный научный центр биоразнообразия наземной биоты Восточной Азии ДВО РАН,
пр. 100-летия Владивостока, д. 159, 690022, г. Владивосток, Россия
2 Институт систематики и экологии животных СО РАН, ул. Фрунзе, д. 11, 630091, г. Новосибирск, Россия
3 ФГБУ «Заповедное Приамурье», ул. Юбилейная, д. 8, 680502, пос. Бычиха, Россия
Authors
Evgeniy A. Beljaev
E-mail: beljaev@biosoil.ru
SPIN: 7939-9906
Scopus Author ID: 56624746000
ResearcherID: A-7700-2014
ORCID: 0000-0003-0194-8525
Sergey V. Vasilenko
E-mail: s.v.vasilenko@mail.ru
SPIN: 9176-8171
Vladimir V. Dubatolov
E-mail: vvdubat@mail.ru
SPIN: 6703-7948
Vadim K. Zinchenko
E-mail: vscar@ngs.ru
SPIN: 9693-7232
Copyright: © e Authors (2023).
Published by Herzen State Pedagogical
University of Russia. Open access under
CC BY-NC License 4.0.
Abstract. e autumn fauna of geometrid moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)
from Kunashir Island is considered for the first time. irty two species are
listed, among which two species — Ramobia mediodivisa Inoue, 1953, and
Martania fulvida(Butler, 1881) are recorded for the fauna of Russia for
the first time, and eight species are newly indicated for the Kuril Islands —
Colotois pennaria (Linnaeus, 1761), Orthonama obstipata (Fabricius, 1794),
Photoscotosia lucicolens (Butler, 1878), Epirrita autumnata (Borkhausen,
1794), Gandaritis fixseni (Bremer, 1864), Pennithera comis (Butler, 1879),
Venusia phasma (Butler, 1879) and Spiralisigna subpumilata (Inoue, 1972).
e phenological aspects of the collection period of the moths are briefly
discussed.
Keywords: Lepidoptera, Geometridae, fauna, new records, Russia, Kuril
Islands, Kunashir
Амурский зоологический журнал, 2023, т. XV, № 3
Amurian Zoological Journal, 2023, vol. XV, no. 3
www.azjournal.ru
680
https://www.doi.org/10.33910/2686-9519-2023-15-3-679-690
Introduction
Fauna of moths of the Kuril Islands has not
yet been sufficiently studied. e latest prin-
ted report on Lepidoptera in Russia (Sinev
2019) for the “South Kuril region” (including
the Urup, Iturup, Kunashir and the Lesser
Kuril Chain) lists 225 species of geometrids,
of which 13 species are indicated with a ques-
tion mark, since their previous literary indi-
cations are in need of revision (Beljaev, Mi-
ronov 2019). Almost all of the above species,
220, are known from the best studied island,
Kunashir, with the exception of five species
recorded only from neighboring islands, Shi-
kotan and Iturup (Beljaev 2016).
Recently 11 species of geometrids have
been added to the Kunashir fauna (Rybalkin
2020; Rybalkin et al. 2022), which was included
in South Kuril region in the electronic version
2.3 of the Catalog of Lepidoptera of Russia (Bel-
jaev, Mironov 2023). In addition, three species
(Protoboarmia faustinata (Warren, 1897), Xe-
rodes albonotaria (Bremer, 1864) and Scopula
frigidaria (Möschler, 1860) have to be added to
the Kunashir fauna based on the data on the
GBIF website (Kurina 2023). us, to date, 221
species of Geometridae are known from Kuna-
shir, excluding those requiring confirmation.
is publication deals with autumn fauna
of geometrid moths on Kunashir Island, be-
fore totally unknown.
Material and methods
e materials were collected by one of
the authors, Vladimir V. Dubatolov, during
the expedition on Kunashir Island in Septem-
ber and October 2022, which was undertaken
in collaboration with Vadim K. Zinchenko.
Moths were collected at the light of a 160-
watt DRV lamp powered by a portable gaso-
line generator, as well as in a light trap with
8-watt LED-lamps powered by a 12-volt bat-
tery, and using scented baits.
e collection sites and dates for moths on
Kunashir Island were as follows:
Yuzhno-Kurilsk, office of the Kurilsky Na-
ture Reserve, 44°02'24" N, 145°51'37" E,
13–14.09.2022: moths were collected at
the light of the DRV lamp in the coastal
wasteland with plots of meadows and with
a small number of various planted trees
and shrubs on the territory of the office;
Danilovskii Cordon, 43°57'14" N, 145°35'35" E,
15–24.09.2022, and 7–12.10.2022: it is lo-
cated on the ruderal wasteland among the
seaside tall grass meadows; moths were
collected at light on the wall of the cordon
building facing to the mountain slope with
mixed coniferous-deciduous forest, and on
scented baits.
Andreevskii Cordon, 43°53'16" N,
145°37'29" E, 25.09–7.10.2022, and 14–
25.10.2022: moths were collected at light
and in light traps on the plateau with
the sparse mixed forest west to the cordon
in different places, and on scented baits on
the nearby mountain slope.
Sequence of taxa is given according to
Beljaev & Mironov (2019). Distribution of
species is given from west to east and from
north to south, with more details in East Asia.
e distribution in Russia is adopted from
Beljaev, Mironov (2023), in Japan — from Na-
kajima (2011), Nakajima, Yazaki (2011) and
Sato (2011), in Korea — from Kim et al. (2001)
and Kim et al. (2016), general distribution —
mainly from Beljaev (2016), with some clarifi-
cations when necessary.
Species new to Russia are marked with
double asterisks (**), and species new to Ku-
nashir Island are marked with a single asterisk
(*).
All the material is deposited in Institute of
Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Novosi-
birsk.
Abbreviations: JAO — Jewish Autono-
mous Oblast; Kr. — Krai; Obl. — Oblast;
Pen. — Peninsula; RFE — Russian Far East;
VO — visual observation; ibid. — ibidem;
ind. — individual(s).
Results
List of species
Family GEOMETRIDAE
Subfamily Ennominae
Cabera purus (Butler, 1878)
Material. Andreevskii Cordon, at light,
4.10.2022 — 2♀.
First data on autumn Geometridae (Lepidoptera) on the Kuril Islands
Amurian Zoological Journal, 2022, vol. XV, no. 3
681
Distribution. Russia (S RFE: S Amurskaya
Obl., JAO, S Khabarovskii Kr., Primorskii Kr.,
Sakhalin, S Kurils — Kunashir, Shikotan);
N China, Korea, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu,
Shikoku, Kyushu).
Remarks. In Japan it develops in two genera-
tions, moths fly May-June and July-August
(Sato 2011). Larvae feed on various species of
Alnus spp. and Betula spp. (Betulacea).
Lomographa simplicior (Butler, 1871)
Material. Yuzhno-Kurilsk, 13–14.09.2022 — 3♀.
Distribution. Russia (S RFE: SW Sakhalin
(Beljaev, Titova 2023), S Kurils — Kunashir,
Shikotan); SW China, Korea, Japan (Hok-
kaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Tsushima,
Yakushima, Tanegashima).
Remarks. In Japan moths appear from the end
of August and can be seen until the end of Oc-
tober. Larvae were noted feeding on various
arboreous plants from rose family — Malus,
Cerasus, Padus, Sorbus (Rosaceae), and on
Quercus crispula and Quercus acutissima
(Fagaceae) (Sato 2011). In Sakhalin moths
were collected from the second week of Au-
gust (Beljaev, Titova 2023).
Garaeus specularis Moore, 1868
Material. Danilovskii Cordon, at light,
18.09.2022 — 1♂; Andreevskii Cordon, at
light, 25–26.09.2022 — 1♀.
Distribution. Russia (S RFE: S Kurils — Ku-
nashir); China (SW, Central and E, Taiwan),
?Korea, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku
and Kyushu), NE and N India, Nepal.
Remarks. e species was first reported from
Kunashir by Rybalkin (2020) at the first half
of September in a large number of individu-
als. In Japan it develops in two generations,
moths are common everywhere and can be
seen from July to October; overwinters as
eggs (Sato 2011). On Kurils, evidently, it pro-
duces only one generation, as at summer time
it has never been met. On Kunashir, in Japan
and Korea the subspecies Garaeus specularis
mactans (Butler, 1878) (=fenestratus Butler,
1881) is distributed, which, however, weakly
differs from nominative form from India (Sato
2011). Presence of this species in Korea needs
to be confirmed, as there is no other informa-
tion ever since Prout (1912) first reported it
without collection site data (Kim et al. 2016).
Larvae are polyphagous, in Japan they feed on
various arboreous leaved plants (Sato 2011).
*Colotois pennaria (Linnaeus, 1761)
Material. Andreevskii Сordon, 14.10.2022 —
27♂, 7♀; ibid, 16.10.2022 — 2♂; at light,
16–17.10.2022 — 1♂; ibid, 17–18.10.2022 —
3♂; ibid, 18–19.10.2022 — 2♂; ibid,
19.10.2022 — 3♂; ibid, 19–20.10.2022 — 3♂;
ibid, 20.10.2022 — 4♂, 3♀; ibid, forest, 20–
21.10.2022 — 8♂; ibid, 21–22.10.2022 — 4♂,
7♀; ibid, forest, 21–22.10.2022 — 2♂; ibid,
22–23.10.2022 — 27♂, 10♀; ibid, forest with
oaks on slope, in light trap, 23.10.2022 —
1♀; ibid, 23–24.10.2022 — 5♀ + VO; ibid,
24–25.10.2022 — 2♀; ibid, 25.10.2022 —
VO; forest across the Andreevka River, 21–
22.10.2022 — 4♂, 1♀.
Distribution. Russia (European part, Crimea,
Urals, S RFE: Amurskaya Obl., S Khabarovskii
Kr., Primorskii Kr., Sakhalin, S Kurils — Ku-
nashir); Europe, N Africa, Turkey, Transcau-
casia, Turkmenistan, NE China, Korea, Japan
(Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu), N
America (introduced?).
Remarks. A new species for the Kuril Islands,
when it is represented by the East Asian sub-
species C. p. ussuriensis O. Bang-Haas, 1927.
is is an autumn species, in Japan it appears
from the end of August and can be seen until
the end of October (Sato 2011), but on Ku-
nashir it began to fly only at middle October.
Larvae are polyphagous, feed on various ar-
boreous leaved plants.
Ennomos nephotropa Prout, 1930
Material. Danilovskii Cordon, at light,
18.09.2022 — 1♀; Andreevskii Cordon,
at light, 25–26.09.2022 — 4♂, 2♀; ibid,
29.09.2022 — 3♂; ibid, 30.09.2022 — 1♂; ibid,
4.10.2022 — 1♂.
Distribution. Russia (S RFE: Sakhalin, S Kuri-
ls — Kunashir); Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu,
Shikoku, Kyushu).
Remarks. Moths fly on Kunashir from begin-
ning of September (Rybalkin 2020) to beginning
of October. In Japan they occur from the end of
June and can be seen until October (Sato 2011).
Host plants of larvae in Japan are many arbore-
ous broad-leaved plants (Sato 2011).
E. A. Beljaev, S. V. Vasilenko, V. V. Dubatolov, V. K. Zinchenko
682
https://www.doi.org/10.33910/2686-9519-2023-15-3-679-690
Ourapteryx maculicaudaria (Motschulsky,
1866)
Material. Andreevskii Cordon, at light, 25–
26.09.2022 — 1♂; 26.09.2022 — VO; Da-
nilovskii Cordon, at light, 17.09.2022 — 1♀;
ibid, 18.09.2022 — 1♂, 1♀; ibid, 22.09.2022 —
1♀; ibid, 24.09.2022 — 1♀; ibid, in LED-trap:
18.09.2022 — 1♀.
Distribution. Russia (S RFE: SE Khabarovs-
kii Kr., Primorskii Kr., Sakhalin, S Kurils —
Iturup, Kunashir); Korea, Japan (Hokkaido,
Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Tsushima).
Remarks. In Japan the species develops in
two generations, moths appear in June–July
and September–October (Sato 2011). In con-
tinental RFE and in Sakhalin and the Kurils
it develops in one generation and moths fly
from August. Larvae feed on various Taxaceae
(Ta x u s, Torreya, Cephalotaxus) and were no-
ted on Picea jezoensis (Pinaceae) (Sato 2011).
Gigantalcis flavolinearia (Leech, 1891)
Material. Danilovskii Cordon, at light, 23–
24.09.2022 — 2♂; ibid, 7.10.2022 — 1♂; An-
dreevskii Cordon, at light, 1–2.10.2022 — 2♂;
ibid, 4.10.2022 — 1♀; ibid, forest with oaks on
slope, in light-trap, 16.10.2022 — 1♀.
Distribution. Russia (S RFE: SW Sakhalin, S
Kurils — Kunashir; Japan (Hokkaido, Hon-
shu, Shikoku, Kyushu).
Remarks. is is an autumn species, flying on
Kunashir from the second week of September
(Rybalkin 2020) to mid-October and in Japan
from September to November. Host plants
of larvae in Japan are arboreous Rosaceae
(Cerasus, Malus, Sorbus) (Sato 2011).
Cusiala stipitaria (Oberthür, 1880)
Material. Danilovskii Cordon, at light,
24.09.2022 — 1♂; Andreevskii Cordon, at
light, 21.10.2022 — 1♀; ibid, 25.09.2022 —
1♂; ibid, forest above the cordon, at light,
26.09.2022 — 1♂.
Distribution. Russia (S RFE: Amurskaya Obl.,
S Khabarovskii Kr., Primorskii Kr., Sakhalin, S
Kurils — Kunashir); NE and SW China, Korea,
Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu,
Tsushima, Yakushima, Amami Oshima).
Remarks. Normally moths fly in May and
June, as they overwinter as pupae. e col-
lected moths represent small specimens
likely belonging to partial second generation,
leaving no offspring. Larvae feed on various
leaved trees and shrubs.
**Ramobia mediodivisa Inoue, 1953
(Fig. 1: A)
Material. Danilovskii Cordon, at light,
24.09.2022 — 1♂, 1♀.
Distribution. Russia (S RFE: S Kurils — Ku-
nashir); S Korea, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu,
Shikoku, Kyushu).
Remarks. A new species for the fauna of Rus-
sia. is is an autumn species, flying in Japan
from September to November; overwinters
as eggs (Sato 2011). Host plant of larvae, pro-
bably, are Magnolia spp. (Magnoliaceae), as
in Japan the hatched larvae were successfully
bred on Magnolia obovata, and related spe-
cies, Ramobia basifuscaria (Leech, 1891), also
feeds on this tree (Sato 2011).
Alcis medialbifera Inoue, 1972
Material. Danilovskii Cordon, at light,
15.09.2022 — 2♂, 1♀; ibid, 16.09.2022 — VO
of many ind.; ibid, 17.09.2022 — many ind.;
ibid, 18.09.2022 — 1♀ + VO of many ind.; ibid,
22–23.09.2022 — 2♀ + VO; ibid, 23.09.2022 —
2♂, 1♀ + VO; ibid, forest with oaks on slope,
in LED-trap, 18.09.2022 — 3♀; Andreevskii
Cordon, at light, 25-26.09.2022 — 2♀; ibid,
26.09.2022 — VO; ibid, 29.09.2022 — VO; ibid,
30.09.2022 — VO; ibid, 1.10.2022 — VO; ibid,
at day time, 27.09.2022 — 1♀ (Zinchenko);
copses on slope, at light, 26.09.2022 — VO.
Distribution. Russia (S RFE: Amurskaya Obl.,
S Khabarovskii Kr., Primorskii Kr., Sakhalin, S
Kurils — Kunashir, Shikotan); NE China, Ko-
rea, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Ky-
ushu).
Remarks. In Japan it develops in one genera-
tion, moths occur from August to October
(Sato 2011). Larvae feed on various conifers
(Pinaceae).
Alcis picata (Butler, 1881)
Material. Danilovskii Cordon, at light,
16.09.2022 — 2♀.
Distribution. Russia (S RFE: S Kurils — Ku-
nashir, Shikotan); Korea, Japan (Hokkaido,
Honshu).
Remarks. In Japan moths appear from July to
September (Sato 2011). Natural host plants
First data on autumn Geometridae (Lepidoptera) on the Kuril Islands
Amurian Zoological Journal, 2022, vol. XV, no. 3
683
unknown, but the larvae have been success-
fully bred on various plants, including coni-
fers (Larix, Pinaceae) (Sato 2011).
Subfamily Geometrinae
Hemithea aestivaria (Hübner, 1799)
Material. Andreevskii Cordon, at light, 25–
26.09.2022 — 1♀.
Distribution. Russia (European part, N Cau-
casus, Urals, W Siberia, S Siberia, S Jakutia,
S RFE: Amurskaya Obl., JAO, S Khabarovskii
Kr., Primorskii Kr., Sakhalin, S Kurils — Ku-
nashir); Europe, Turkey, Transcaucasia, N Ka-
zakhstan, Mongolia, NE and N China, Korea,
Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu,
Tsushima, Iriomote Island), N America (in-
troduced).
Remarks. In N and Central Japan moths ap-
pear from June to early August (Nakajima
2011). is specimen from Kunashir, collec-
ting at the end of September, evidently, ap-
pears in result of some developmental im-
pairment. Larvae are polyphagous on various
woody and herbaceous plants.
Subfamily Larentiinae
*Orthonama obstipata (Fabricius, 1794)
Material. Danilovskii Cordon, 11–12.10.2022 —
1♂.
Distribution. Russia (European part, N Cau-
casus, Urals, S Siberia, S RFE: Amurskaya
Obl., Khabarovskii Kr., Primorskii Kr., Sakha-
lin, S Kurils — Kunashir); almost cosmopoli-
tan, except most northern and most southern
territories, and Australia.
Remarks. A new species for the Kuril Islands, but
possibly migrant, as in Europe north of subtrop-
ics (Hausmann, Viidalepp 2012). In Japan it oc-
curs through all islands, is common, and moths
appear from the end of March to the beginning
of November (Nakajima, Yazaki 2011). Larvae
are polyphagous on herbs, shrubs and trees.
Costaconvexa caespitaria (Christoph, 1881)
Material. Yuzhno-Kurilsk, 13.09.2022 — 1♂.
Distribution. Russia (S Siberia: Zabaikalskii
Kr., S RFE: Amurskaya Obl., S Khabarovskii
Kr., Primorskii Kr., S Kurils — Kunashir); Ko-
rea, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku).
Fig. 1. New geometrid moths (Geomtridae) from Kunashir Island: A — Ramobia mediodivisa,
female; B — Photoscotosia lucicolens, female; C — Pennithera comis, female; D — Venusia
phasma, female; E — Martania fulvida, female. e scale bar — 10 mm
Рис. 1. Новые виды пядениц (Geomtridae) с о-ва Кунашир: А — Ramobia mediodivisa,
самка; B — Photoscotosia lucicolens, самка; C — Pennithera comis, самка; D — Venusia
phasma, самка; Е — Martania fulvida, самка. Масштабная линейка — 10 мм
E. A. Beljaev, S. V. Vasilenko, V. V. Dubatolov, V. K. Zinchenko
684
https://www.doi.org/10.33910/2686-9519-2023-15-3-679-690
Remarks. In Japan the species develops in two
generations, in Central Honshu moths appear
in May–June and September–October. Host
plant is unknown (Nakajima, Yazaki 2011).
Larvae of the West Palearctic species, Costa-
convexa polygrammata (Borkhausen, 1794),
feed on Galium spp. (Rubiaceae) (Hausmann,
Viidalepp 2012).
Photoscotosia atrostrigata (Bremer, 1864)
Material. Danilovskii Cordon, at light,
16.09.2022 — 1♂; ibid, 18–19.09.2022 — 1♂;
above Andreevskii Cordon, forest edge, at
light, 26.09.2022 — 1♂; Andreevskii Cordon,
at light, 1.10.2022 — 1♀; ibid, 4.10.2022 — 1♀.
Distribution. Russia (S RFE: S Amurskaya
Obl., S Khabarovskii Kr., Primorskii Kr.,
Sakhalin, S Kurils — Kunashir, Shikotan);
China (except west, including Taiwan), Korea,
Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku).
Remarks. In Japan in central Honshu moths
appear in May–June and September–Octo-
ber. ere are no records in the field, but in
Japan larvae derived from eggs, were success-
fully breed only on Artemisia indica var. max-
imowiczii (Nakajima, Yazaki 2011).
*Photoscotosia lucicolens (Butler, 1878)
(Fig. 1: B)
Material. Andreevskii Cordon, slope path in-
side forest, 18–19.10.2022 — 1♀.
Distribution. Russia (SW Primorskii Kr., S
Kurils — Kunashir); NE China (Jilin), S Korea,
Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu,
Yakushima).
Remarks. A new species for the Kuril Islands.
Second report of this species from Russia af-
ter first record in S Primorskii Kr. (Beljaev,
Knyazev 2021). In Central Japan moths fly
twice — from June to July and in October, but
on the Kurils they have never been reported
at summer. Larvae are probably polyphagous
on deciduous trees and shrubs (Nakajima,
Yazaki 2011).
Eulithis achatinellaria (Oberthür, 1880)
Material. Yuzhno-Kurilsk, 13.09.2022 — VO;
Danilovskii Cordon, at light, 15.09.2022 — 1
ind. VO; ibid, 16.09.2022 — 1♂.
Distribution. Russia (S of West Siberia, S
Siberia, S Jakutia, S RFE: S Amurskaya Obl.,
JAO, S Khabarovskii Kr., Primorskii Kr., S
and central Sakhalin, S Kurils — Kunashir,
Shikotan); Mongolia, China (NE, N, Western
Plateau), Korea, Japan (Hokkaido). In Beljaev
(2016: 416), the distribution of E. achatinel-
laria in “Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Tsushima,
Yakushima, Okinawa” is given erroneously in
result of a misprint.
Remarks. In Japan moths occur in eastern
Hokkaido from August to September in small
numbers (Nakajima, Yazaki 2011). Known
host plants of the E. achatinellaria larvae
in Yakutia are Salix (Salicaceae) and Ribes
(Grossulariaceae) (Burnasheva 2011); prob-
ably, as in Eulithis testata (Linnaeus, 1761),
they are polyphagous on low deciduous trees
and shrubs.
Eulithis ledereri (Bremer, 1864)
Material. Danilovskii Cordon, at light,
18.09.2022 — 1♀.
Distribution. Russia (S RFE: S Amurskaya
Obl., S Khabarovskii Kr., Primorskii Kr., S
Sakhalin, S Kurils — Kunashir); N and NE
China, Korea, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shi-
koku, Kyushu, Tsushima, Yakushima).
Remarks. In Japan moths appear twice a year,
in central Honshu in June–July and Septem-
ber–October, but depending on the region, it
can be seen until early November (Nakajima,
Yazaki 2011). Larvae feed on various species
of Vitaceae (Nakajima, Yazaki 2011; Beljaev
2016).
*Gandaritis fixseni (Bremer, 1864)
Material. Danilovskii Cordon, at light,
16.09.2022 — 1 ♀VO; ibid, 17.09.2022 — 1♀
VO; ibid, 18.09.2022 — 2♂, 1♀; ibid, 22–
23.09.2022 — 2 ♂ + VO; ibid, 23.09.2022 —
1 ♂ + VO; ibid, 24.09.2022 — VO; above
Andreevskii Cordon, forest edge, at light,
26.09.2022 — VO.
Distribution. Russia (S RFE: S Amurskaya
Obl., JAO, S Khabarovskii Kr., Primorskii
Kr., S Sakhalin, S Kurils — Kunashir, Shiko-
tan); China, Korea, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu,
Shikoku, Kyushu, Tsushima, Tanegashima,
Yakushima, Amami Oshima).
Remarks. A new species for Kunashir; refe-
rence of G. fixseni for this island in Vasilen-
ko, Dubatolov (2021) is erroneous. In Japan
moths can be seen from June to November,
First data on autumn Geometridae (Lepidoptera) on the Kuril Islands
Amurian Zoological Journal, 2022, vol. XV, no. 3
685
probably in two or three generations (Naka-
jima, Yazaki 2011). In S RFE, at northern limit
of its distribution, the species develops in one
generation and flies in August and September.
Larvae feed on various species of Actinidia
(Beljaev 2016), in Japan also on Schizophrag-
ma hydrangeoides (Hydrangeaceae) (Naka-
jima, Yazaki 2011).
*Pennithera comis (Butler, 1879)
(Fig. 1: C)
Material. Danilovskii Cordon, at light, 20–
21.09.2022 — 1♀; ibid, 7.10.2022 — 1♀; An-
dreevskii Cordon, at light, 29.09.2022 — 1♂;
ibid, 1.10.2022 — 1♀; ibid, at scented baits,
1.10.2022 — 1♀; ibid, 5.10.2022 — 1♀; ibid,
6–7.10.2022 — 1♂; ibid, 22.10.2022 — 1♂.
Distribution. Russia (S RFE: S Khabarovskii
Kr., Primorskii Kr., S Sakhalin, S Kurils – Ku-
nashir); ?SW China (Sichuan, Yunnan), Ko-
rea, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Ky-
ushu, Tsushima).
Remarks. A new species for Kunashir and the
Kuril Islands. is is an autumn species, fly-
ing in Japan from August to November (Na-
kajima, Yazaki 2011). Host plants of larvae are
various Abies (Pinaceae). Distribution of this
species in SW China needs to be confirmed.
Ecliptopera pryeri (Butler, 1881)
Material. Andreevskii Cordon, at light,
29.09.2022 — 1♀; Danilovskii Cordon, at
light, 23–24.09.2022 — 1♂.
Distribution. Russia (S RFE: SW Sakhalin,
S Kurils — Kunashir and ?Iturup); ?S Korea,
Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu).
Remarks. Appearing of moths in Japan is not
clarified (Nakajima, Yazaki 2011); in Sakha-
lin and the Kurils they occur from mid-July
to beginning of November (Beljaev, Titova
2023). Larval hostplant is unknown. As a re-
sult of long history of confusion of E. pryeri
and Ecliptopera silaceata (Denis & Schiffer-
müller, 1775) in East Asia, old indications of
both species here need to be verified (Beljaev
2016: 616–617).
Ecliptopera umbrosaria (Motschulsky,
1861)
Material. Danilovskii Cordon, at light, 16–
17.09.2022 — 1♀.
Distribution. Russia (S RFE: S Khabarovskii
Kr., Primorskii Kr., Sakhalin, S Kurils — Ku-
nashir); China (NE, N, central, SW, Taiwan)
Korea, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Izu Islands,
Shikoku, Kyushu, Tsushima, Ryukyu Islands).
Remarks. In central Japan moths appear
from early May to June and from late August
to October, in two generations. Larvae feed
on various species of Vitaceae (Nakajima,
Yazaki 2011). e subspecific specification of
moths from Sakhalin and the Kurils is under
the question (Beljaev 2016; Beljaev, Mironov
2019). Viidalepp (1977; 1996) assigned moths
from Sakhalin to the continental subspecies
E. u. phaedropa (Prout, 1938) and moths
from S Kurils — to Japanese nominative sub-
species E. u. umbrosaria. But specimen from
Iturup in Swedish Museum of Natural History
was posted on the GBIF site (Holston 2023) as
E. u. phaedropa. Our specimens from Sakha-
lin and Kunashir, although they are noticeably
smaller than the Japanese ones, are quite con-
sistent with them in the pattern of the wings.
So, we consider moths from Sakhalin and the
Kurils belonging to E. u. umbrosaria.
Eustroma reticulata (Denis et Schiffermül-
ler, 1775)
Material. Danilovskii Cordon, at light, 18–
19.09.2022 — 1♀.
Distribution. Russia (European part, Urals,
W Siberia, S Siberia, RFE: Magadanskaya
Obl., Kamchatka Pen., Amurskaya Obl., JAO,
Khabarovskii Kr., Primorskii Kr., Sakhalin,
S Kurils — Kunashir); Europe, China (except
the west), Korea, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu,
Kyushu).
Remarks. On the Kurils, it is represented by
the East Asian subspecies E. r. chosenicola
Bryk, 1949. In Japan it develops in one gener-
ation, in Hokkaido moths fly from August to
September (Nakajima, Yazaki 2011). Larvae
are monophagous on Impatiens noli-tangere
(Balsaminaceae) (Hausmann, Viidalepp 2012).
Literary and internet indications of E. reticu-
lata for Northern Mongolia are based on a
misprint in Beljaev, Vasilenko (2002).
Dystromma citrata (Linnaeus, 1761)
Material. Yuzhno-Kurilsk, 13–14.09.2022 —
1♂; above Andreevskii Cordon, forest edge,
at light, 26.09.2022 — 1♀ + VO; Andreevs-
E. A. Beljaev, S. V. Vasilenko, V. V. Dubatolov, V. K. Zinchenko
686
https://www.doi.org/10.33910/2686-9519-2023-15-3-679-690
kii Cordon, at light, 25–26.09.2022 — 9♀;
ibid, 30.09.2022 — 1♀; ibid, 1.10.2022 — 1♀;
ibid, 16.10.2022 — 2♀; ibid, at scented baits,
2.10.2022 — 1♀; Andreevskii Cordon, at light,
16–17.10.2022 — 1♀; ibid, 25–26.09.2022 —
3♀; ibid, copses on slope, mixed broadleaf
forest, in light-trap, 26.09.2022 — 1♂.
Distribution. Russia (European part, N Cau-
casus, Urals, W Siberia, S Siberia, Jakutia,
RFE: Kamchatka Pen., Amurskaya Obl., JAO,
S Khabarovskii Kr., Primorskii Kr., Sakhalin,
Kurils); Europe, Turkey, Transcaucasia, N Ka-
zakhstan, Mongolia, China, Korea, Japan, N
India, N America.
Remarks. In Japan moths appear from May
to November and occur 2–3 times a year,
larvae are recorded on 18 species of plants
form Polygonaceae, Rosaceae, Ericaceae and
Asteraceae (Nakajima, Yazaki 2011). Howev-
er, the taxonomy of moths, in Japan currently
associated with D. citrata, needs revision,
as a possible mix of several species (Beljaev
2016). In Europe, the species develops in one
long generation, moths usually occur from
later June to mid-September (Hausmann,
Viidalepp 2012), which is generally consist-
ent with the tier occulting on RFE. Larvae in
Europe are polyphagous on low trees, shrubs
and prostrate shrubs, prefer Ericaceae (Haus-
mann, Viidalepp 2012).
Dysstroma korbi (Heydemann, 1929)
Material. Andreevskii Cordon, 25–
26.09.2022 — 2♀; 16–17.10.2022 — 1♀.
Distribution. Russia (S RFE: S Amurskaya
Obl., Primorskii Kr., S Kurils — Kunashir); NE
China, Korea, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu).
Remarks. In Japan moths fly twice in May–
June and September–October. Known host
plant if larvae in Japan is Quercus myrsinifolia
(Fagaceae) (Nakajima, Yazaki 2011).
*Epirrita autumnata (Borkhausen, 1794)
Material. Andreevskii Cordon, 14.10.2022 —
4♂, 1♀; ibid, 16–17.10.2022 — 3♂; ibid,
17–18.10.2022 — 2♂; ibid, 20–21.10.2022 —
12♂; ibid, 21–22.10.2022 — 30♂, 5♀;
ibid, 22–23.10.2022 — 7♂, 2♀; ibid, 23–
24.10.2022 — 19♂; ibid, 24.10.2022 — 3♂;
ibid, 24–25.10.2022 — 4♂; 2 ibid, 5.10.2022 —
1♂; ibid, at scented baits: 20.10.2022 — 4♂,
21–22.10.2022 — 3♂, 1♀, 22–23.10.2022 —
1♂; Andreevskii Cordon, forest on slope,
20–21.10.2022 — 8♂; ibid, 22–23.10.2022 —
5♂, 1♀; ibid, forest across the Andreevka
River, 21–22.10.2022 — 3♂, 1♀; ibid, 24–
25.10.2022 — 5♂; Andreevskii Cordon, forest,
21–22.10.2022 — 2♂; ibid, 22–23.10.2022 —
1♂, 2♀; ibid 23–24.10.2022 — 15♂, 3♀;
ibid, 23–24.10.2022 — 2♂; ibid, forest with
oaks, in light-trap, 18.10.2022 — 1♂; ibid,
23.10.2022 — 18♂.
Distribution. Russia (European part, N Cau-
casus, Urals, W Siberia, S Siberia, Jakutia,
RFE: Magadanskaya Obl., Kamchatskii Kr.,
Amurskaya Obl., JAO, Khabarovskii Kr., Pri-
morskii Kr., Sakhalin, S Kurils — Urup and
Iturup); Europe, Turkey, Transcaucasia, N
Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China (E Inner Mon-
golia), Korea, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shi-
koku, Kyushu), ?N America.
Remarks. A new species for the Kunashir
Islands, flying in October, as in Japan (Na-
kajima, Yazaki 2011). is is a single autumn
species of geometrids, before known on the
Kurils from Urup and Iturup (Bryk 1942).
Larvae in Europe are polyphagous on various
trees and shrubs, on the RFE prefer Betulace-
ae and Salicaceae. In East Asia the subspecies
E. a. autumnus (Bryk, 1942) is distributed,
described from Iturup.
*Venusia phasma (Butler, 1879)
(Fig. 1: D)
Material. Andreevskii Cordon, 5–6.10.2022 —
2♂, 5♀; ibid, 6.10.2022 — 1♀; ibid,
18.10.2022 — 1♀; ibid, 19–20.10.2022 —
1♀; ibid, 22–23.10.2022 — 1♂; ibid, 23–
24.10.2022 — 1♂, 3♀; Danilovskii Cordon, at
light, 20–21.09.2022 — 1♂; ibid, 7–8.10.2022 —
2♀; ibid, 11–12.10.2022 — 2♂.
Distribution. Russia (S RFE: ?S Primorskii
Kr., SW Sakhalin (Beljaev, Titova 2023), S
Kurils — Kunashir); ?S Korea, Japan (Hok-
kaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu).
Remarks. A new species for the Kuril Islands.
is is an autumn species, in Japan in Kanto
region flying from mid-September to late Oc-
tober. In Japan larvae feed on leaves and seeds
of Fagus crenata (Fagaceae) (Nakajima, Yaza-
ki 2011); on Kunashir, possibly, they feed on
First data on autumn Geometridae (Lepidoptera) on the Kuril Islands
Amurian Zoological Journal, 2022, vol. XV, no. 3
687
Quercus mongolica subsp. crispula (Fagaceae).
Reports of this species from Russia, Primorskii
Kr. are doubtful, and those from Korea need to
be confirmed (Beljaev, Titova 2023).
**Martania fulvida(Butler, 1881)
(Fig. 1: E)
Material. Danilovskii Cordon, 21–
22.09.2022 — 1♀; ibid, 22–23.09.2022 — 1♀;
ibid, 7–8.10.2022 — 1♀.
Distribution. Russia (S RFE: S Kurils — Ku-
nashir); Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku,
Kyushu).
Remarks. A new species for the fauna of Russia.
All earlier indications, including those in Japa-
nese literature (Nakajima, Yazaki 2011: 288), are
based on the erroneous identification of Marta-
nia saxea (Wileman, 1911) (see Vasilenko, Bel-
jaev 2011; Beljaev 2016). Trophic relationships
of larvae are not known. Nakajima, Yazaki (2011:
288) report that the moths around Kanto region
appear twice a year, in May–June and Septem-
ber–October, and in the alpine zone, they ap-
pear in July–August and occur once a year. Ac-
cording to Sayama et al. (2012: 25), moths were
collected in Central Hokkaido in beginning of
July and in beginning of September. On Kuna-
shir, the island nearest to Hokkaido, the moths
were collected in the end of September and in
the beginning October, and they have never
been registered at summer time. Possibly, the
specimens collected on Hokkaido in July belong
to another species.
Martania saxea (Wileman, 1911)
Material. Danilovskii Cordon, at light, 16–
17.09.2022 — 2♂, 1♀; ibid, 22–23.09.2022 —
1♀; ibid, 7.10.2022 — 1♂.
Distribution. Russia (S RFE: S Amurskaya
Obl., S Khabarovskii Kr., Primorskii Kr.,
Sakhalin, S Kurils — Urup, Iturup, Kunashir);
NE China, Korea, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu,
Shikoku, Kyushu).
Remarks. In Japan moths appear once a year
from July to August (Nakajima, Yazaki 2011:
288). Host plant is unknown.
*Spiralisigna subpumilata (Inoue, 1972)
Material. Danilovskii Cordon, 11–22.10.2022 —
1♀.
Distribution. Russia (S RFE: S Primorskii Kr.,
S Kurils — Kunashir); Japan (Hokkaido, Hon-
shu, Ogasawara Islands, Shikoku, Kyushu,
Tsushima, Amami Oshima, Okinawa Island,
Ishigaki Island, Iriomote Island), China (Hong
Kong), S Korea.
Remarks. A new species for the Kuril Islands.
In Japan known host plants are Ulmus parvi-
folia, flowers and young fruits (Ulmaceae),
Mangifera indica (Anacardiaceae), Dendroca-
calia crepidifolia, Bidens pilosa (Asteraceae),
and moths occur in October (Nakajima, Yaza-
ki 2011). Possibly S. subpumilata is migrant in
Primorskii Kr. and on Kunashir.
Pasiphila excisa (Butler, 1878)
Material. Andre evskii Cordon, 16–17.10.2022 —
1♂.
Distribution. Russia (S RFE: SE Khabarovskii
Kr., Primorskii Kr., S Sakhalin, S Kurils — Kuna-
shir); Korea, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Izu Is-
lands, Shikoku, Kyushu, Tsushima, Yakushima).
Remarks. In Japan in central Honshu moths
fly from May to October, in two or three gen-
erations. Larvae feed on flowers of many Erica-
ceae, and were recorded on flowers of Quercus
glauca (Fagaceae) and Eurya japonica (Penta-
phylacaceae) (Nakajima, Yazaki 2011).
Subfamily Sterrhinae
Idaea biselata (Hufnagel, 1767)
Material. Yuzhno-Kurilsk, 13.09.2022 —
2♂, 2♀; Danilovskii Cordon, at light, 16–
17.09.2022 — 1♂; ibid, 18-19.09.2022 — 1♂.
Distribution. Russia (European part,
Crimea, N Caucasus, Urals, W Siberia, S Si-
beria, S Jakutia, S RFE: Amurskaya Obl., JAO,
Khabarovskii Kr., Primorskii Kr., Sakhalin, S
Kurils — Kumashir, Shikotan), Europe, Tur-
key, Transcaucasia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia,
NE China, Korea, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu,
Shikoku and Kyushu).
Remarks. Larvae feed on withered and fallen
leaves of various plants. On Kunashir the East
Asian subspecies I. b. extincta (Staudinger,
1897) is distributed.
Conclusion
e autumn fauna of geometrid moths on
Kuril Island was almost totally unknown. Be-
fore Epirrita autumnata was reported only
from Urup and Iturup (Bryk 1942), and from
E. A. Beljaev, S. V. Vasilenko, V. V. Dubatolov, V. K. Zinchenko
688
https://www.doi.org/10.33910/2686-9519-2023-15-3-679-690
Kunashir nothing was known. e period of
collecting of moths in Kunashir (September
13 – October 25) coincides with the end of
the phenological subseason “summer reces-
sion” (спад лета) (average start and end
dates: 1 – 19 September), with the subseason
“first autumn” (первоосенье) (average start
and end dates: 20 September – 22 October)
and the start of the subseason “deep autumn”
(глубокая осень) (average start and end dates
are 23 October – 21 November) on this is-
land (Eremenko, Barkalov 2009). In 2022,
on 26 October, at the Andreevskii Cordon,
the authors observed the first frosts down to
–0,7°C, according to a digital thermometer
on the building.
In general, this time is characterized by
mass coloring of the leaves of woody plants at
the beginning and middle of the period, and
by mass leaf fall at the end.
At this period 32 species of geometrids were
collected, from which two species are new to
Russia (Ramobia mediodivisa and Martania
fulvida), and eight species reported from Ku-
nashir for the first time (Colotois pennaria, Or-
thonama obstipata, Photoscotosia lucicolens,
Epirrita autumnata, Gandaritis fixseni, Pen-
nithera comis, Venusia phasma and Spiralisig-
na subpumilata). Considering these species,
the known fauna of geometrid moths of Kuna-
shir Island has reached 231 species.
Most collected species of geometrids be-
long to the second generation of moths (some
of them, possibly, “deadlock” as they cannot
continue development, as for example Cusi-
ala stipitaria and Hemithea aestivaria), or to
long flying moths of the later summer pheno-
logical group. We can attribute seven species
(22%) only to the autumn moths proper: Co-
lotois pennaria, Gigantalcis flavolinearia, Ra-
mobia mediodivisa, Pennithera comis, Epir-
rita autumnata, Venusia phasma and Spira-
lisigna subpumilata, but the latter subtropical
species could be episodic migrant on the RFE
territory.
Attention is drawn to the fact that no au-
tumn geometrids with apterous females, dis-
tributed on neighboring Hokkaido, were dis-
covered. ere a members of genera Pachyer-
annis Inoue, 1982 (one species), Erannis Hüb-
ner, 1825 (two species), Larerannis Wehrli,
1935 (one species), Alsophila Hübner, 1825
(two species), Inurois Butler, 1879 (five spe-
cies) and Operophtera Hübner, 1825 (three
species) (Nakajima 2011; Nakajima, Yazaki
2011; Sato 2011). Possibly, at least some of
them could be find on Kunashir in the pheno-
logical subseason “deep autumn”, covering the
end of October and most of November.
Acknowledgements
e authors thank Aleksandr A. Kisleiko
(Director of the Kurilsky Nature Reserve)
and Elena V. Linnik (Scientific Vice Director
of the Kurilsky Nature Reserve) for a possi-
bility to study insects in the Nature Reserve;
and several persons in the Nature Reserve
who helped greatly during the study, mainly,
Mikhail Ragimov.
Funding
e research was carrie d out as part of state-
commissioned assignment of the Ministry of
Science and Higher Education of the Russian
Federation (theme No. 121031000151-3 and
theme No. 1021051703269-9-1.6.12); some fi-
nancing was received via Dr. V.Martem’yanov
(Novosibirsk).
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For citation: Beljaev, E. A., Vasilenko, S. V., Dubatolov, V. V., Zinchenko, V. K. (2023) First data on autumn
Geometridae (Lepidoptera) on the Kuril Islands. Amurian Zoological Journal, vol. XV, no. 3, pp. 679–690. https://
www.doi.org/10.33910/2686-9519-2023-15-3-679-690
Received 14July 2023; reviewed 7August 2023; accepted 2September 2023.
Для цитирования: Беляев, Е. А., Василенко, С. В., Дубатолов, В. В., Зинченко, В. К. (2023) Первые данные
об осенних пяденицах (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) на Курильских островах. Амурский зоологический журнал,
т. XV, № 3, с. 679–690. https://www.doi.org/10.33910/2686-9519-2023-15-3-679-690
Получена 14июля 2023; прошла рецензирование 7августа 2023; принята 2сентября 2023.
First data on autumn Geometridae (Lepidoptera) on the Kuril Islands
