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Biodiversity Data Journal 11: e104307
doi: 10.3897/BDJ.11.e104307
Taxonomy & Inventories
Diversity and distribution of macrofungi
(Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) in Tolima, a
Department of the Colombian Andes: an
annotated checklist
Cristian J Zambrano-Forero , Lina R Dávila-Giraldo , Viviana Motato-Vásquez , Paula X
Villanueva , Iang S Rondón-Barragán , Walter Murillo‑Arango
‡ Grupo de Investigación en Productos Naturales (GIPRONUT), Departamento de Química, Universidad del Tolima, Barrio
Santa Helena Parte Alta Cl 42 1-02, Ibagué, Colombia
§ Grupo de Investigación en Química de Plantas Colombianas, Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y
Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| Laboratorio Socio-jurídico en Creación e Innovación – IusLab. Universidad del Tolima. Departamento de Ciencias Sociales y
Jurídicas. Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Artes. Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia
¶ Grupo de Investigación en Biología de Plantas y Microorganismos, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias
Naturales y Exactas, Universidad del Valle, Calle 13 No, 100-00, Cali, Colombia
# Grupo de Investigación en Inmunología y Patogénesis, Laboratorio Inmunología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina
Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad del Tolima, Barrio Santa Helena Parte Alta Cl 42 1-02, Ibagué, Colombia
¤ Grupo de Investigación en Avicultura, Laboratorio Inmunología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y
Zootecnia, Universidad del Tolima, Barrio Santa Helena Parte Alta Cl 42 1-02, Ibagué, Colombia
Corresponding author: Cristian J Zambrano-Forero (cjzambranof@ut.edu.co)
Academic editor: Alfredo Vizzini
Received: 30 Mar 2023 | Accepted: 05 Jun 2023 | Published: 25 Sep 2023
Citation: Zambrano-Forero CJ, Dávila-Giraldo LR, Motato-Vásquez V, Villanueva PX, Rondón-Barragán IS,
Murillo‑Arango W (2023) Diversity and distribution of macrofungi (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) in Tolima, a
Department of the Colombian Andes: an annotated checklist. Biodiversity Data Journal 11: e104307.
https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.11.e104307
Abstract
Background
Macrofungi are classified in the phylum Ascomycota and Basidiomycota and they are very
important from an ecological and economic point of view. Most studies of fungi in Colombia
have been carried out mainly in the Andean Region, especially in the Departments of
‡,§ ‡,| ¶
‡ #,¤ ‡
© Zambrano-Forero C et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution
License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author
and source are credited.
Antioquia, Valle del Cauca and Cundinamarca. However, other Departments in the Andean
Region, like Tolima, located in the Cordillera Central, are well documented for plants (4,797
species) and animals (2,983 species), but very poorly documented in terms of knowledge
of fungal diversity.
New information
This study provides a compiled and annotated checklist of all known macrofungi in the
Department of Tolima, based on published literature and on the identification of new
specimens collected from five localities of the Department. All records were updated
taxonomically and we include detailed information on the localities in which they are
distributed in the Department. The list includes 164 taxa distributed in 15 orders
(Agaricales, Polyporales, Russulales, Boletales, Hymenochaetales, Xylariales,
Auriculariales, Thelephorales, Cantharellales, Hypocreales, Pezizales, Gloeophyllales,
Phallales, Tremellales, Dacrymycetales) and eighteen records in a doubtful taxa section.
We present 26 new reports, 19 for Tolima and nine for Colombia. We also provide genetic
and phylogenetic evidence of the occurrence of Gloeoporus telephoroides and
Podoscypha venustula in Colombia. This checklist provides the basis for future studies on
species diversity and taxonomy in Tolima, by identifying the least studied taxa and
ecosystems and conservation priorities.
Keywords
Andean Region, fungal biodiversity, new records, Neotropics, taxonomy
Introduction
Complex multicellular forms have evolved independently in many clades of the Eukaryota
domain, including fungi, plants and animals (Torruella et al. 2015). Some groups of fungi
form diverse macroscopic structures (sporomes) including mushrooms, stinkhorns, truffles,
earth stars, puffballs, shelf fungi, clavarioid, coralloid fungi, discoid fungi and cup fungi.
These organisms are artificially grouped as macrofungi and classified in the phylum
Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Diversity estimates derived from data using plant species/
macrofungal ratios indicate that there may be between 53,000 to 110,000 macrofungal
species in the world (Mueller and Schmit 2007). Although macrofungi have perhaps the
longest history of diversity studies of any group of fungi, they are still poorly studied in most
of the world (Lodge et al. 2004, Mueller and Schmit 2007).
Colombia is considered the second country with the highest biodiversity on the planet with
75,947 biological records of known species in the different Kingdoms (SIB Colombia 2022a
). These data, added to high rates of endemism, place the country as a priority region for
the conservation of biodiversity worldwide (Myers and De Grave 2000). Although
knowledge of diversity in the country has been limited by a strong taxonomic bias towards
2Zambrano-Forero C et al
animals and plants (Baroni et al. 2007, Arbeláez-Cortés 2013), recent efforts by Colombian
mycologists through the ColFungi project ( Gaya et al. 2021; https://colfungi.org) have
compiled the country's fungal diversity knowledge in a total of 7,241 species of fungi, of
which 2,386 species belong to Basidiomycota (Franco-Molano et al. 2022) and 4,554 to
Ascomycota (Sanjuan and Brothers 2022).
Most studies of fungi in Colombia have been carried out mainly in the Andean Region,
especially in the Departments of Antioquia, Valle del Cauca and Cundinamarca (Gómez-
Montoya et al. 2022). However, other Departments in the Andean Region, like Tolima,
located in the Cordillera Central, are well documented for plants (4,797 species) and
animals (2,983 species), but very poorly documented in terms of knowledge of fungal
diversity (SIB Colombia 2022b). Recently, Gómez-Montoya et al. (2022) reported 115
species of macrofungi of Basidiomycota in Tolima and Vasco-Palacios and Franco-Molano
(2012) have reported only four species of Ascomycota.
The Department of Tolima presents six different ecosystems: Tropical Dry Forest, Wetland,
Tropical Rainforest, pre-Montane Forest, Montane Humid Forest and Paramo. Currently,
three National Natural Parks conserve the diversity of the Department; however, these
protected areas are in the high parts of the mountain range, neglecting ecosystems such
as the Tropical Dry Forest (CORTOLIMA 2013). Given that the agricultural and livestock
frontier is spreading more and more, threatening the native forests, it is important to know
the diversity of macrofungi present in Tolima, to raise awareness about their ecological
importance and to provide information for their conservation (Quiroga et al. 2019).
Documenting patterns of biodiversity knowledge in megadiverse countries is an important
component of understanding global biodiversity knowledge and helps to optimise further
research on Colombia’s outstanding biota (Arbeláez-Cortés 2013). In this study, we
present a critical review of scientific literature and databases with records of macrofungi in
the Department of Tolima. We also conduct collections in five localities of the Department
and new materials were morphologically identified and reported as new records for the
Department of Tolima and some as new records for Colombia.
Materials and methods
Study Area
The Department of Tolima is located in the Andes of Colombia, divided into 47
municipalities and 23,562 km² of area (Gobernación del Tolima 2021). It presents an
elevation from 400 to 5200 m a.s.l. and rainfall is between 1000 and 2000 mm per year
(CORTOLIMA 2018). The Magdalena River runs through the entire territory and 17 other
basins. It is represented by strategic ecosystems ranging from the tropical dry forest in the
lower part, through wetlands and the paramos in the highest areas. The Department has
The National Natural Parks Los Nevados, Las Hermosas and Nevado del Huila
(CORCUENCAS 2014).
Diversity and distribution of macrofungi (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) ... 3
Macrofungi were collected in three localities of the Municipality of Ibagué: 1) second-
growth forest in San Jorge Botanical Garden (JBSJ) (4°27'06.7"N 75°13'19.8"W), which is
on the border between the tropical dry forest and the premontane forest, to 1200 m a.s.l.;
2) Canyon of Combeima River (4°33'25.8"N 75°19'34.4"W - 4°34'43.2"N 75°19'28.4"W),
which corresponds to a low montane humid forest, between 1900 and 2350 m a.s.l.; 3)
Alejandro Von Humboldt Botanical Garden (JBAVH) in Universidad del Tolima
(4°25'34.89''N 75°12'46.77''W), which is a tropical dry forest at 1100 m a.s.l. They were
also collected in a locality of the Municipality of Líbano, in Santa Librada Reserve
(4°52'48.4"N 75°01'17.4"W), which corresponds to a tropical rainforest, at 1100 m a.s.l.
Additionally, they were collected in Chicoral Village, Municipality of Espinal (4°11'56.8"N
74°59'18.1"W - 4°12'35.6"N 74°58'37.1"W), in a rural area, at 390 m a.s.l.
Fieldwork
The specimens were collected by performing random sampling in five localities in the
period of 2019–2022. The study has the Collection permit conceded for access to
biological resources for non-commercial purposes (Permiso Marco de Recolección,
Resolución 2191 de 2018, Universidad del Tolima). Sporomes were photographed in situ,
completely removed, placed in paper bags and taken to the laboratory. All descriptions are
based on well-developed (mature) specimens. Morphological identification was made from
macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. For micromorphological analysis, free-hand
sections of the sporomes were prepared on microscope slides with 3% potassium
hydroxide (KOH), Red Congo or Cotton Blue. Melzer’s Reagent (IKI) was used to
determine presence or absence of amyloid or dextrinoid reactions. All microscopical
structures were measured with the aid of an eyepiece micrometer with a subjective
accuracy of 0.1 µm, using 1000x magnification. Identification was based on current
literature and using dichotomous keys (e.g. Ryvarden 2004, Coelho et al. 2006, Drechsler-
Santos et al. 2007,Ryvarden 2009, Montoya-Alvarez et al. 2011, Ryvarden 2015,
Ryvarden 2016, Luangsa-ard et al. 2017, Westphalen et al. 2019, Wu et al. 2021, Zhou et
al. 2021). All specimens were preserved and deposited in the Fungario Universidad del
Tolima (FUT). A dataset for distribution of macrofungi in Tolima was created in Excel
software and then used for preparing the interactive map in ArcGIS Pro 30.3 software.
Literature review
The list of species was based on the review of scientific literature, national or international,
books or book chapters and scientific notes recording macrofungi from Tolima available in
public databases, such as Google Scholar, ResearchGate, Scielo and Scopus and
vouchers information available in public databases, such as ColFungi and MyCoPortal.
Information from unpublished data, results presented at conferences or theses were not
included in the list. Lichenised fungi are also excluded. To determine the specific locations
of the reports, databases of biological collections were reviewed. Species are presented in
alphabetical order within the corresponding Linnean classification: phylum, order, family
and genus. Accepted names agree with Index Fungorum (http://www.indexfungorum.org)
as of February 2023. The following herbaria databases were consulted (Herbaria acronyms
4Zambrano-Forero C et al
follow Index Herbariorum, Thiers (2016) onwards): Herbario de la Universidad de Antioquia
(HUA), Cornell University Herbarium (CU), Field Museum of Natural History (F), Herbario
Nacional Colombiano (COL), Medellín headquarters of Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Herbarium (MEDEL), Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad de los Andes (ANDES-
F), The New York Botanical Garden (NY), Institute of Agricultural and Environmental
Sciences of the Estonian University of Life Sciences (TAAM), University of Tartu (TUF),
Museo Nacional de Historia Natural of Cuba (MNHN), University of Georgia, Julian H.
Miller Mycological Herbarium (GAM), State University of New York College at Cortland
(CORT) and Fungario Universidad del Tolima (FUT). Specimens recorded as new for
Colombia and for the Department of Tolima are presented with a detailed morphological
description. Additionally, at the end of the list, there is a section with specimens classified
as doubtful taxa and presented in alphabetical order. These specimens are present as
incongruent data in literature or we do not have sufficient data to confirm their identity.
Taxon sampling, DNA extraction and PCR amplification
Dried specimens of Podoscypha and Gloeoporus were selected for molecular sampling.
Approximately 30 mg of tissue from each collection were ground directly in a 1.5 ml vial,
using plastic pestles with liquid nitrogen (Justo et al. 2011). DNA was extracted using a 3%
CTAB extraction buffer and then isolated by the sequential addition of chloroform. Finally,
isopropyl alcohol was added to precipitate the DNA, which was washed with 70% ethanol
and resuspended in the TE buffer (Doyle 1990). The purity and concentration of DNA was
performed using μDrop™ Plate (Thermo Scientific). The DNA concentration was adjusted
to 100 µg/ml. Primer pairs of ITS1F (5′-CTT GGT CAT TTA GAG GAA GTA A -3′)/ ITS4 (5′-
TCC TCC GCT TAT TGA TAT GC-3′) were used to amplify a fragment of the ITS region
(White et al. 1990, Gardes and Bruns 1993). The PCR assay was conducted in a total
volume of 25 µl consisting of 14.87 µl distilled deionised water, 5 µl of 5 of 5× colourless
GoTaq® Flexi Buffer (Promega, USA), 1 μl dNTPs (1.5 mM) (Invitrogen, USA), 1 μl of each
primer (forward and reverse) (10 pmol/μl), 1 μl MgCl (25 mM), 0.125 μl of 0.6 U GoTaq®
Flexi DNA polymerase (Promega, USA) and 1 μl gDNA as the template. The amplification
was performed in a T-100™ thermocycler (Bio-Rad, USA) with an initial denaturation step
at 95°C for 3 min, followed by 35 cycles of denaturation at 95°C for 30 s, annealing at 55°C
for 30 s, extension at 72°C for 2 min and a final step of extension at 72°C for 5 min. The
amplicons were visualised on 2% agarose gel by electrophoresis (PowerPac™ HC, Bio-
Rad, USA) using 100-bp DNA ladder Load Ready™ (Amplyus, USA). The gel was stained
with HydraGreen™ (ACTGene, USA) and visualised under UV light using the ENDURO
GDS gel documentation system (Labnet International, Inc., USA). Final PCR products were
purified and sequenced by the Sanger method (MacroGen Ltd., South Korea).
Taxon sampling, alignment and phylogenetic inference
The electropherograms were visually inspected to ensure good sequence quality and
ambiguous sequence reads were discarded. Double peaks were interpreted as true base
ambiguities when they were detected in both forward and reverse sequencing
electropherograms. Once assembled, consensus sequences were queried against the
2
TM
Diversity and distribution of macrofungi (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) ... 5
entire GenBank database using BLAST (http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) and their pairwise
identity was recorded. All newly-generated consensus sequences were deposited in
GenBank. The consensus sequences generated in this study and related sequences
downloaded from GenBank (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank, Table 1) were aligned using
MAFFT v.7.299 (Katoh and Standley 2013). The ITS and 28S regions were aligned using
the L-INS-I strategy (command line: mafft—localpair-maxiterate 1000). The coding regions
were aligned using the E-INS-I strategy with no cost for opening gaps and equal cost for
transformations (command line: mafft—genafpair–maxiterate 1000). After alignment,
sequences were translated and checked for stop codons using Aliview v.1.18 (Larsson
2014). Two datasets were prepared: the first combined dataset for Gloeoporus specimen
includes 14 sequences of ITS and 13 of 28S (Table 1). Bjerkandera adusta (Wild.) P. Karst.
was used as the root. The second combined dataset for Podoscypha specimen includes 33
sequences of ITS and 21 of 28S (Table 2). Abortiporus biennis (Bull.) Singer was used as
the root. Both phylogenetic relationship analyses were inferred in a Maximum Likelihood
framework as implemented in IQTREE v.2.0 (Nguyen et al. 2015). ModelFinder
(Kalyaanamoorthy et al. 2017) was used to select the optimal partition scheme and
substitution models. The calculation of the ultrafast Bootstrap (Hoang et al. 2018) and the
Shimodaira-Hasegawa approximate likelihood-ratio test (SH aLRT) (Guindon et al. 2010)
were conducted with the following command line: iqtree -s concat.nex -spp
partition.nex.best_scheme.nex -B 1000 -alrt 1000 -pers 0.2 -nstop 1000.
Specimen Voucher Country Genbank Reference
ITS 28S
Gloeoporus
G. africanus P.E. Jung & Y.W. Lim 918063 UG MG572763 MG572747 Jung et al. (2018)
G. africanus 918572 UG MG572764 MG572748 Jung et al. (2018)
G. citrinoalbus Yuan Yuan & Jia J. Chen Dai16238 CN KU360397 KU360405 Yuan et al. (2016)
G. citrinoalbus Yuan 9654 CN KU360396 KU360404 Yuan et al. (2016)
G. dichrous (Fr.) Bres. BRNU 631507 CZ MG572751 MG572735 Jung et al. (2018)
G. dichrous HHB17181 US MG572753 MG572737 Jung et al. (2018)
G. hainanensis Yuan Yuan & Jia J. Chen Dai 15268 CN KU360401 KU360411 Yuan et al. (2016)
G. hainanensis Yuan 4397 CN KU360400 KU360409 Yuan et al. (2016)
G. orientalis P.E. Jung & Y.W. Lim Cui 7261 CN MG572759 MG572743 Jung et al. (2018)
G. orientalis F-28839 JP MG572762 MG572746 Jung et al. (2018)
G. pannocinctus (Romell) J. Erikss. FP135015 US MG572755 MG572739 Jung et al. (2018)
G. thelephoroides (Hook.) G. Cunn. BZ2896 BZ MG572757 MG572741 Jung et al. (2018)
Table 1.
Taxa sampled in this study and used in phylogenetic analyses of Gloeoporus species. For each
collection, the species name, voucher and GenBank accession number are provided. Missing
information is indicated with a n-dash (–). Newly-deposited sequences are in bold. Country codes
according to ISO 3166 Alpha 2.
6Zambrano-Forero C et al
Specimen Voucher Country Genbank Reference
ITS 28S
G. thelephoroides LRD 130 CO OQ282957 –Present study
Root
B. adusta (Wild.) P. Karst. HHB12826sp US KP134983 KP135198
Specimen Voucher Country Genbank Reference
ITS 28S
Podoscypha
P. bolleana (Mont.) Boidin 32034 – JQ675334 – Binder et al. (2013)
P. bolleana CBS 33366 CF JN649354 JN649354 Sjökvist et al. (2012)
P. brasiliensis D.A. Reid 17586 – JQ675312 – Binder et al. (2013)
P. brasiliensis GXU 2169 CN MG356474 MG356489 unpublished
P. brasiliensis LR37812 VE JN649355 JN649355 Sjökvist et al. (2012)
P. bubalina D.A. Reid 17500 – JQ675311 – Binder et al. (2013)
P. cristata (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) D.A.
Reid
8667 – JQ675320 – Binder et al. (2013)
P. disseminata Douanla-Meli DMC 232 – JQ675326 – Binder et al. (2013)
P. elegans (G. Mey.) Pat. CBS 426.51 AR JN649356 MH868453 Sjökvist et al. (2012)
P. fulvonitens (Berk.) D.A. Reid 17483 – JQ675315 – Binder et al. (2013)
P. fulvonites C1 – JQ675322 – Binder et al. (2013)
P. gillesii Boidin & Lanq. 32036 – JQ675335 – Binder et al. (2013)
P. gillesii GXU 2176 CN MG356710 MG356793 unpublished
P. involuta (Klotzsch ex Fr.) Imazeki CBS 65484 GA MH861804 MH873497 Sjökvist et al. (2012)
P. involuta E. Larsson
(GB)
TH JN649357 JN649357 Sjökvist et al. (2012)
P. mellissii (Berk. Ex Sacc.) Bres. LR 41658 JM JN649359 JN649359 Sjökvist et al. (2012)
P. moelleri (Bres. & Hen.) D.A. Reid 17588 – JQ675313 – Binder et al. (2013)
P. multizonata (Berk. & Broome) Pat.
(T)
CBS 663.84 FR MH861809 MH873501 Sjökvist et al. (2012)
P. multizonata 3005 DE JN710581 JN710581 Miettinen et al.
(2012)
P. parvula (Lloyd) D.A. Reid 32055 – JQ675338 – Binder et al. (2013)
P. parvula DCM 226 – JQ675328 – Binder et al. (2013)
Table 2.
Taxa sampled in this study and used in the phylogenetic analyses of Podoscypha species. For each
collection, the species name, voucher and GenBank accession number are provided. Missing
information is indicated with a n-dash (–). Newly-deposited sequences are in bold. Country codes
according to ISO 3166 Alpha 2.
Diversity and distribution of macrofungi (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) ... 7
Specimen Voucher Country Genbank Reference
ITS 28S
P. parvula CBS 331.66 CF JN649361 JN649361 Sjökvist et al. (2012)
P. petalodes (Berk.) Boidin CBS 332.66 PK JN649363 JN649363 Sjökvist et al. (2012)
P. petalodes CBS 659.84 PK JN649362 JN649362 Sjökvist et al. (2012)
P. ravenelii (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Pat. CBS 66484 US JN649364 JN649364 Sjökvist et al. (2012)
P. venustula (Speg.) D.A. Reid LR 40821 VE JX109851 JX109851 Sjökvist et al. (2012)
P. venustula CBS 65684 GF JN649367 JN649367 Sjökvist et al. (2012)
P. venustula ZF29 CO OQ302285 –Present study
P. vespillonea (Berk.) Boidin & Lanq. CBS 11174 – MH860836 MH872572 Sjökvist et al. (2012)
P. vespillonea CBS 348.66 – MH858820 MH870457 Sjökvist et al. (2012)
P. yunnanensis C.L. Zhao CLZhao 3963 CN MK298400 MK298404 Wu et al. (2019)
P. yunnanensis CLZhao 3979 CN MK298402 MK298406 Wu et al. (2019)
Root
A. biennis (Bull.) Singer FD 319 US KP135300 KP135195 Binder et al. (2013)
Checklist of macrofungi from Tolima, Colombia
Phylum Ascomycota
Order Hypocreales
Family Clavicipitaceae
Nigelia martiale (Speg.) Luangsa-ard & Thanakitp., 2017
Material
a. higherGeography: Colombia; Tolima; Municipality of Ibagué; JBSJ; verbatimElevation:
1200 m; verbatimCoordinates: 4°27'06.7"N 75°13'19.8"W; eventDate: 22 Sep 2019;
catalogNumber: ZF27; collectionCode: FUT; occurrenceID: 0FF0E2E1-8BBB-5E75-88C0-
ECB2961B3739
Diagnosis: Stromata erect, multiple to solitary, clavate to irregular, branched, orange to
mustard yellow, 3.2 cm large, becoming purple in 3% KOH (Fig. 1A). Perithecia
immersed to loose, oblique in arrangement, ovoid to circular ostiole, 618–847 × 265–
320 μm. Asci cylindrical, 2.8–4.6 μm in diam.; apical cap prominent, 1.6–2.1 × 2.5–2.9
µm. Ascospores filiform, hyaline, 270–315 × 1 µm. Growing on unidentified Coleoptera
larvae.
8Zambrano-Forero C et al
Notes: The species is differentiated from other species by the size of the perithecia and
the Neotropical distribution. Additionally, N. aurantiaca Luangsa-ard, Thanak. & Tasan
looks morphologically similar to N. martiale, but differs in the type of ascospore.
The
first produce only whole (non-fragmenting) ascospores, while the latter produce
ascospores either dissociated (Luangsa-ard et al. 2017). In Colombia, this is the first
record of the species for Tolima.
Figure 1.
Fresh basidiomata of species as new records for the Department of Tolima. A Basidiomata of
Nigelia martialis (ZF 27); B Basidiomata of Macrocybe titans (LRD 150); C Basidiomata of
Auricularia fuscosuccinea (LRD 36); D Basidiomata of Protomerulius caryae (LRD 117); E
Basidiomata of Dacryopinax spathularia (PXVB 10); F Basidiomata of Cotylidia aurantiaca
(LRD 138); G Basidiomata of Gloeoporus thelephoroides (LRD 130); H Basidiomata of Irpex
rossettiformis (LRD 145); I Basidiomata of Physisporinus lineatus (ZF 35). Scale bars B, C, G
= 5 cm; Scale bars A, D, E, F, H, I = 1 cm. Photos by: Cristian Zambrano (A, D, F, G); Lina
Dávila (B, C); Paula Villanueva (E, H, I).
Diversity and distribution of macrofungi (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) ... 9
Family Cordycipitaceae
Beauveria locustiphila (Henn.) B. Shrestha, Kepler & Spatafora, 2017
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Mariquita, Municipal Forest; 5°11'29"N
74°54'40"W; 560 m a.s.l.; Jan 2011; leg. T. Sanjuan 881 (Epitype, HUA 179218) (
Sanjuan et al. 2014).
Cordyceps nidus T. Sanjuan, Chir.-Salom. & S. Restrepo, 2017
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Mariquita, Muncipal Forest; 5°11'29"N
74°54'40"W; 560 m a.s.l.; 11 Nov. 2014; leg. T. Sanjuan, 1161 (ANDES-F 1246) (Chiriví
et al. 2017).
Order Pezizales
Family Helvellaceae
Helvella lacunosa Afzel., 1783
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Pajonales, under
Quercus humboldtii; 4°52'20"N 75°08'34"W; 2677 m a.s.l.; leg. Gómez-Montoya, N. 7
(HUA 183088) (Peña-Venegas and Vasco-Palacios 2019).
Helvella macropus (Pers.) P. Karst., 1871
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Canaán, under Quercus
humboldtii; 4°52'20"N 75°09'50"W; 2540 to 2900 m a.s.l.; leg. Vasco-Palacios, A. 1061
(HUA 57669) (Peña-Venegas and Vasco-Palacios 2019).
Order Xylariales
Family Hypoxylaceae
Annulohypoxylon annulatum (Schwein.) Y.M. Ju, J.D. Rogers & H.M.
Hsieh, 2005
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Ibagué, Boquerón; leg. Chardon & Toro
699 (CU) (Chardón and Toro 1930).
10 Zambrano-Forero C et al
Phylacia globosa Lév., 1845
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Ibagué, Cañon del Combeima; leg. J.
Goudot s.n. (Léveillé 1845).
Family Xylariaceae
Xylaria platypoda (Lév.) Fr., 1851
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Cordillera central, Cuchilla de la divisadera; leg. J.
Goudot 2 (Type collection, MNHN) (Dennis 1956).
Xylaria scruposa (Fr.) Fr., 1851
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima; leg. J. Goudot 1844 (Type of Sphaeria scruposa,
MNHN) (Dennis 1956).
Phylum Basidiomycota
Order Agaricales
Family Agaricaceae
Coprinus comatus (O.F. Müll.) Pers., 1797
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo (Franco-Molano et al. 2010).
Cyathus striatus Willd., 1787
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Sector el Infierno, Protected
Area Vallecitos; 24 May 2007; leg. Hernández, M 56 (HUA 165701) (Gómez-Montoya
et al. 2022).
Leucoagaricus rubrotinctus (Peck) Singer, 1948
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Sabanalarga, sector
sabanaverde; 4°52'29.6"N 75°11'13.9"W; 3000 m a.s.l.; 07 Nov 2006, leg. Medina, A. 3
(HUA 165705) (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022); Ibid., Vereda El Infierno, 4°52'44"N
75°10'2.0"W; 2800 m a.s.l.; 10 Nov 2019; leg. Salazar, N. 3 (HUA 221652) (
Universidad de Antioquia 2023).
Diversity and distribution of macrofungi (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) ... 11
Family Amanitaceae
Amanita brunneolocularis Tulloss, Ovrebo & Halling, 1992
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Murillo-Líbano Km 6 road; 22
Apr 2005; leg. Sierra, J. 14 (HUA 141114); Ibid., Vereda Pajonales, Sector El Inciensal;
4°52'39"N 75°07'35"W; 2350 m a.s.l.; 24 Nov 2005; leg. Pulgarin, J. 08 (HUA 161978) (
Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022, Universidad de Antioquia 2023).
Amanita citrina Pers., 1797
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Sector El Infierno, near the
sewage treatment plant; 4°52'29.6"N 75°11'13.9"W; 2694 m a.s.l.; 23 Oct 2012; leg.
Zambrano, T. 10 (HUA 182975) (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
Amanita colombiana Tulloss, Ovrebo & Halling, 1992
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Pajonales; 4°52'30.3"N
75°08'45.4"W; 2300 m a.s.l.; 19 Apr 2005; leg. Arias, A. 5 (HUA 161652) (Gómez-
Montoya et al. 2022).
Amanita flavoconia G.F. Atk., 1902
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Canaán, Bosque
Canaán; 4°47'41.2"N 75°09'50.1"W; 2540 to 2900 m a.s.l.; leg. Vasco-Palacios 1063
(HUA 161502) (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
Amanita fuligineodisca Tulloss, Ovrebo & Halling, 1992
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Canaán, Bosque
Canaán; 4°47'41.2"N 75°09'9.50"W; 2540 m a.s.l.; 24 May 2006; leg. Vasco-Palacios
1064 (HUA 57886) (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
Amanita humboldtii Singer, 1963
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Pajonales, Sector La
Albania; 4°52'23.6"N 75°08'33"W; 2681 m a.s.l.; 20 Apr 2010; leg. Blanchard, D. 61
(HUA 183045) (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam., 1783
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Pajonales, Sector La
Albania; 4°52'00"N 75°08'45.4"W; 2659 m a.s.l.; 22 Oct 2011; leg. Mendoza, C. 2 (HUA
182974) (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
12 Zambrano-Forero C et al
Amanita rubescens Pers., 1797
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Pajonales, Sector Fifí-
La Albania; 4°52'00"N 75°08'00"W; 2640 m a.s.l.; 31 Oct 2010; leg. Gil, J. 4 (HUA
183028) (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
Amanita xylinivolva Tulloss, Ovrebo & Halling, 1992
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Pajonales, sector el Fifí;
4°52'30.3"N 75°08'45.4"W; 2706 m a.s.l.; 11 May 2006; leg. Acosta, A. 9 (HUA
166002); Ibid., Vereda de Canaán, Bosque Canaán; 4°47'41"N 75°09'50"W; 2540 to
2900 m a.s.l.; 23 May 2006; leg. Vasco-Palacios, A.M. 1048 (HUA 181835) (Gómez-
Montoya et al. 2022, Universidad de Antioquia 2023).
Family Callistosporiaceae
Macrocybe titans (H.E. Bigelow & Kimbr.) Pegler, Lodge & Nakasone,
1998
Material
a. higherGeography: Colombia; Tolima; Municipality of Líbano; verbatimElevation: 1622 m;
verbatimCoordinates: 4°55'21.2"N 75°04'32.8"W; eventDate: 25 May 2021;
catalogNumber: LRD 150; occurrenceRemarks: coming out under cement plate;
collectionCode: FUT; occurrenceID: 069737A7-B8EA-5E0C-8C02-ECE1878FB89C
Diagnosis: Pileus 4–25 cm broad, hemispherical, broadly convex to flattened; margin
incurved at first and later uplifted; abhymenial surface dry, smooth, not hygrophanous,
cracking into small appressed squamules, cream to pale yellow (Fig. 1B). Context thick
on disc, compact and whitish. Lamellae crowded, sinuate to adnate with a decurrent
tooth, with lamellulae of four different lengths, whitish to cream. Stipe 6–20 × 5–10 cm,
cylindrical, central, solid, fleshy; surface white to pale yellow, with numerous and
reflexed darker squamules. Pileipellis as a cutis, composed of emerging to erected
hyphae 4–6 μm wide. Hymenophoral trama of parallel hyphae, cylindrical to inflated.
Generative hyphae with clamps. Pseudocheilocystidia fusoid, with subacute to rostrate
or rounded apices, lanceolate to lageniform. Caulocystidia absent. Basidia 4-spored,
sterigmata prominent. Spore print cream. Spores subglobose to ovoid or broadly
ellipsoid, smooth, thin-walled, negative in Melzer’s Reagent, 5.8–6.3 × 4.4–5.0 μm, Q =
1.2–1.4 µm.
Notes: Macrocybe titans could be confused with Clitocybe gigantea (Fr.) Quélet, but
the latter presents a funnel-shaped crown and decurrent lamellae (Bigelow and
Kimbrough 1980, Corrales and López-Q 2005). Macrocybe titans is distinguished
macroscopically from other species because the surface of the stipe is visibly
squamulose and, microscopically, by having numerous spindle-shaped pseudocystidia,
with refractive content (Pegler et al. 1998). The species has been collected normally in
Diversity and distribution of macrofungi (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) ... 13
disturbed environments of the Neotropics and has been recorded as edible. At
the
moment, this species has only been collected in the Departments of Antioquia and
Santander in Colombia. This is the first record of the species for Tolima.
Family Cortinariaceae
Cortinarius iodes Berk. & M.A. Curtis, 1853
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Pajonales, Sector La
Albania; 2650 m a.s.l.; 08 May 2006; leg. Sánchez, D. 7 (HUA 161172) (Gómez-
Montoya et al. 2022).
Cortinarius violaceus (L.) Gray, 1821
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Sector Vallecitos, Finca
Cimitarra; 2700 m a.s.l.; 20 Nov 2009; leg. Blanchard, D. 81 (HUA 183041) (Gómez-
Montoya et al. 2022).
Phaeocollybia ambigua E. Horak & Halling, 1991
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Sector el Infierno, near the
sewage treatment plant; 4°52'57.8"N 75°10'14"W; 2907 m a.s.l.; 20 Nov 2005; leg.
Cardona, J. 7 (HUA 161742) (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
Phaeocollybia caudata E. Horak & Halling, 1991
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Sector el Infierno; 2950 m a.s.l.;
26 Apr 2014; leg. Giraldo, S. 2 (HUA 194972) (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
Phaeocollybia oligoporpa Singer, 1987
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Pajonales; 4°52'35.8"N
75°08'42.1"W; 2677 m a.s.l.; 30 Apr 2011; leg. León, A. 5 (HUA 190450) (Gómez-
Montoya et al. 2022).
Phaeocollybia quercetorum Singer, 1987
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Sector el Infierno; 4°52'50"N
75°10'2.4"W; 2891 m a.s.l.; 29 Apr 2011; leg. Gómez-Montoya, N. 4 (HUA 190440) (
Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
14 Zambrano-Forero C et al
Phaeocollybia singularis E. Horak & Halling, 1991
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Pajonales; 4°52'30.3"N
75°08'45.4"W; 2300 m a.s.l.;19 Apr 2005; leg. Beltrán, C. 6 (HUA161253) (Gómez-
Montoya et al. 2022).
Family Cyphellaceae
Campanophyllum proboscideum (Fr.) Cifuentes & R.H. Petersen, 2003
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Sector el Infierno, near the
sewage treatment plant; 4°52'50"N 75°10'2.4"W; 2891 m a.s.l.; 29 Apr 2011; leg. León,
A. 2 (HUA 183115) (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
Family Hydnangiaceae
Hydnangium carneum Wallr., 1839
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Requintaderos; 3078 m
a.s.l.; 2 Nov 2016; leg. Baroni, T. s.n. (HUA 207791) (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
Laccaria laccata (Scop.) Cooke, 1884
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Pajonales, Sector el
Fifí; 4°52'49.7"N 75°09'57.1"W; 2800 m a.s.l.; 10 May 2006; leg. Marín, R. 10 (HUA
165880) (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
Family Hygrophoraceae
Hygrocybe conica (Schaeff.) P. Kumm., 1871
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo; 04 May 2011; leg. Baroni, T.
10449 (HUA 161746) (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
Family Lycoperdaceae
Bovista plumbea Pers., 1795
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Pajonales, sector La
Albania; 4°52'30.3"N 75°08'45"W; 2659 m a.s.l.; 22 Oct 2011; leg. Rios, C. 2 (HUA
182976) (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
Diversity and distribution of macrofungi (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) ... 15
Family Lyophyllaceae
Asterophora parasitica (Bull.) Singer, 1951
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Canaán, Bosque
Canaán; 4°47'41.2"N 75°09'50.1"W; 2540 to 2900 m a.s.l.; 23 May 2003; leg. Vasco-
Palacios 1049 (HUA 103928) (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
Blastosporella zonata T.J. Baroni & Franco-Mol., 2007
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, in mixed forest with Quercus
humboldtii, near the sewage treatment plant, 4°52'47.1"N 75°10'0.8"W; 2950 m a.s.l.;
leg. Corrales-Osorio, A. 211 (HUA 166328 – holotypus; CORT - isotypus) (Baroni et al.
2007).
Family Marasmiaceae
Armillariella puiggarii Speg., 1889
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Canaán, Bosque
Canaán; 4°47'41"N 75°09'50"W; 2540 to 2900 m a.s.l.; 26 May 2006; leg. Vasco-
Palacios 1066 (HUA 57926) (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
Marasmius cladophyllus Berk., 1856
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Canaán, Hacienda
Canaán; 4°47'41"N 75°09'50"W; 2540 m a.s.l.; 22 Nov 2005; leg. Pérez, J. 6 (HUA
161811) (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
Marasmius perlongispermus Singer, 1976
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Pajonales, Finca
Alaska; 4°52'00"N 75°08'26"W; 2675 m a.s.l.; 08 Nov 2006; leg. Osorio, M. 8 (HUA
166008) (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
Micromphale irroratum (Pat.) Dennis, 1951
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Sabanalarga; 3000 m
a.s.l.; leg. Henao, A. 3 (HUA 161236) (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
Tetrapyrgos alba (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) E. Horak, 1987
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Sabanalarga; 3000 to
3100 m a.s.l.; leg. Flórez, C. 5 (HUA 161163) (Franco-Molano et al. 2010).
16 Zambrano-Forero C et al
Favolaschia roseogrisea Singer, 1974
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Cajamarca to Calarcá road, km 28, on gramineae (
Guadua angustifolia, Bambuseae) dead culms; 11 Apr 1968; leg. Singer B 6035 (F -
Type) (Singer 1974).
Family Mycenaceae
Hydropus nigrita (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Singer, 1973
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Canaán, Hacienda
Canaán; 4°47'41.2"N 75°09'50.1"W; 2540 m a.s.l.; 22 Nov 2005; leg. Sanín, M. 13
(HUA 162008) (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
Mycena holoporphyra (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Singer, 1962
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Sabanalarga, Alto El
Cabro; 4°53'21.4"N 75°11'7.5"W; 3000 to 3100 m a.s.l.; 25 Nov 2005; leg. Franco-
Molano, A.E. 1819 (HUA 161233) (Franco-Molano et al. 2010).
Mycena margarita (Murrill) Murrill, 1916
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Pajonales, sector El
Inciensal; 4°52'39"N 75°07'35"W; 2350 m a.s.l.; 24 Nov 2005; leg. Botero, A. 11 (HUA
161461) (Franco-Molano et al. 2010).
Mycena plectophylla (Mont.) Dennis, 1970
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Pajonales; 4°52'30.3"N
75°08'45.4"W; 2656 m a.s.l.; 22 Oct 2011; leg. Carmona, M.J. 4 (HUA 182922) (
Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
Mycena pura (Pers.) P. Kumm., 1871
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Canaán, Bosque
Canaán; 4°47'41"N 75°09'50"W; 2540 to 2900 m a.s.l.; 23 May 2006; leg. Vasco-
Palacios 1046 (HUA 53318) (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
Panellus pusillus (Pers. ex Lév.) Burds. & O.K. Mill., 1975
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Sabanalarga, Alto El
Cabro; 4°53'21.4"N 75°11'7.5"W; 3000 to 3100 m a.s.l.; 25 Nov 2005; leg. Franco-
Molano, A.E. 1816 (HUA 161394) (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
Diversity and distribution of macrofungi (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) ... 17
Family Omphalotaceae
Gymnopus macropus Halling, 1996
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Canaán, Hacienda
Canaán; 4°47'41.2"N 75°09'50.1"W; 2540 m a.s.l.; 22 Nov 2005; leg. Botero, A. 8 (HUA
161767) (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
Gymnopus omphalodes (Berk.) Halling & J.L. Mata, 2004
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Requintaderos, sector
Alto Alegrías; 4°51'35.6"N 75°10'30.1"W; 2675 to 3062 m a.s.l.; 24 Oct 2011; leg.
Carmona, M. J. 10 (HUA 182962); Ibid., sector Castrillón; 4°51'24"N 75°10'09"W; 05
Jan 2011; leg. Pimienta, J. 7 (HUA 183125); Ibid., Vereda Pajonales, Finca Alaska;
2675 m a.s.l.; 4°52'25"N 75°08'25.8"W; 08 Nov 2006; leg. Del Rio, A. 5 (HUA 165706) (
Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
Marasmiellus distantifolius (Murrill) Singer, 1962
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Cajamarca, km 28 road to Calarcá;
2670 m a.s.l.; 11 Apr 1968; leg. Singer B6037 (F) (Singer 1973).
Marasmiellus neotropicus (Singer) J.S. Oliveira, 2019
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality Murillo, Vereda Pajonales, Bosque El
Inciensal; 2600 m a.s.l.; 21 Apr 2005; leg. Vargas, H. 46 (HUA 161643) (Gómez-
Montoya et al. 2022).
Rhodocollybia turpis (Halling) Halling, 1997
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Sector el Infierno; 2950 m a.s.l.;
30 Oct 2010; leg. Ebratt, N. 2 (HUA 183223) (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
Family Physalacriaceae
Flammulina callistosporioides (Singer) Singer, 1964
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Cajamarca, km 28 road to Calarcá; 11
Apr 1968; leg. Singer. R. Singer B6039 (F). (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
18 Zambrano-Forero C et al
Gloiocephala quercetorum Ald.-Góm. & Franco-Mol., 2001
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Pajonales, sector El
Inciensal; 2350 m a.s.l.; 18 Apr 2005; Urrego, D. 3 (HUA 161986) (Gómez-Montoya et
al. 2022).
Oudemansiella canarii (Jungh.) Höhn., 1909
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Pajonales, Sector El
Inciensal; 4°52'38.6"N 75°07'38.6"W; 2350 m a.s.l., 24 Nov 2005; leg. Bermúdez, D. 9
(HUA 161275) (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
Xerula hispida Halling & G.M. Muell., 1999
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Canaán, Hacienda
Canaán; 4°47'41.2"N 75°08'42.1"W; 2540 m a.s.l.; 22 Nov 2005; leg. González, R. 4
(HUA 161389); Ibid., Vereda Pajonale, Sector Fifí – La Albania, Vereda Pajonales;
4°52'34.8"N 75°09'50.1"W; 2677 m a.s.l.; 30 Apr 2011; leg. Gómez-Montoya, N. 5
(HUA 183218) (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
Family Pleurotaceae
Hohenbuehelia espeletiae Singer, 1989
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Santa Isabel, Valle del río Totarito,
margen izquierda de la Quebrada Africa, on Espeletia hartwegiana Sch. Bip. ex Wedd.
in alpine zone; 3900 m a.s.l.; 06 Feb 1980; leg. Boekhout 589 (MEDEL); Ibid.,
Boekhout 593a (F) (Singer 1989).
Hohenbuehelia phalligera (Mont.) Singer, 1951
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Cajamarca, km 28 road to Calarcá; 11
Apr 1968; leg. Singer. R. Singer B6038 (F). (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
Family Psathyrellaceae
Coprinellus disseminatus (Pers.) J.E. Lange, 1938
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipalty of Murillo, Vereda Canaán, Hacienda
Canaán; 4°47'41.2"N 75°09'50.1"W; 2540 m a.s.l.; 22 Nov 2005; leg. Franco-Molano,
A.E. 1821 (HUA 161806) (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
Diversity and distribution of macrofungi (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) ... 19
Coprinellus micaceus (Bull.) Vilgalys, Hopple & Jacq. Johnson, 2001
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Sabanalarga,
sector
sabanaverde; 4°53'21.4"N 75°11'7.5"W; 3000 to 3100 m a.s.l.; 07 Nov 2006; leg.
Suárez, A. 2 (HUA 165720) (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
Coprinopsis atramentaria (Bull.) Redhead, Vilgalys & Moncalvo, 2001
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Requintaderos, Las
Novillas; 3200 m a.s.l.; 23 May 2007; leg. Álvarez, S. 4 (HUA 166073 as Cropinus
atramentarius) (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
Panaeolus antillarum (Fr.) Dennis, 1961
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Pajonales, sector La
Albania; 4°52'23.6"N 75°08'33.7"W; 2681 m a.s.l.; 20 Apr 2010; leg. Villegas, F. 1 (HUA
182981) (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
Panaeolus papilionaceus (Bull.) Quél., 1872
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Sabanalarga;
4°53'21.4"N 75°11'7.5"W; 3000 to 3100 m a.s.l.; 11 Nov 2012; leg. Isaza-Jaramillo, L. 2
(HUA 184951) (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
Panaeolus semiovatus (Sowerby) S. Lundell & Nannf., 1938
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Sabanalarga;
4°53'21.4"N 75°11'7.5"W; 3000 to 3100 m a.s.l.; 11 Nov 2012; leg. Hoyos, L. 2 (HUA
184976) (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
Family Schizophyllaceae
Schizophyllum commune Fr., 1815
Material
a. higherGeography: Colombia; Tolima; Municipality of Ibagué; Combeima river canyon;
verbatimElevation: 1900-2450 m; verbatimCoordinates: 4°33'25.8"N 75°19'34.4"W;
eventDate: 25 Sep 2019; catalogNumber: LRD 27; collectionCode: FUT; occurrenceID:
B5F76501-DFFC-5DCA-B3AD-D020A7CA48A1
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Ibagué, Corregimiento de Toche, Finca
Galleguito; 2450 m a.s.l.; 24 May 1996; leg. González, L. 35 (HUA 161264) (Gómez-
Montoya et al. 2022); Ibid., Combeima river canyon; 4°34'05.7"N 75°19'30.7"W; 1800
m a.s.l.; 18 Feb 2017; leg. Zambrano, C., ZF 3 (FUT) (Zambrano-Forero et al. 2021).
20 Zambrano-Forero C et al
Family Strophariaceae
Gymnopilus rugulosus R. Valenz., Guzmán & J. Castillo, 1981
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Bosque El Inciensal; 2600 m
a.s.l.; 24 Nov 2005; leg. Cardona, J. 12 (HUA 161584) (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
Hypholoma fasciculare (Huds.) P. Kumm., 1871
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Pajonales, sector El
Fifí; 11 May 2006; leg. Londoño, L. 9 (HUA 165860 as Hypholoma subviride) (Gómez-
Montoya et al. 2022).
Hypholoma lateritium (Schaeff.) P. Kumm., 1871
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Requintaderos, sector
Alto Alegrías; 4°51'35.6"N 75°10'30.1"W; 3062 m a.s.l.; 24 Oct 2011; leg. Arbeláez, B.
7 (HUA 182905 as Hypholoma sublateritium) (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
Psilocybe cubensis (Earle) Singer, 1948
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Mariquita, Vía Medina; 07 Oct 1975;
leg. I. Forero s/n (COL) (Pulido 1983).
Family Tricholomataceae
Filoboletus gracilis (Klotzsch ex Berk.) Singer, 1945
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Pajonales, sector El
Inciensal; 2350 m a.s.l.; 18 Apr 2005; leg. Congote, L. 10 (HUA) ( Gómez-Montoya et
al. 2022).
Lepista nuda (Bull.) Cooke, 1871
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Sabanalarga, Alto El
Cabro; 4°53'21.4"N 75°11'7.5"W; 3000 to 3100 m a.s.l.; 25 Nov 2005; leg. Franco-
Molano, A.E. 1823 (HUA 161739) (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
Leucopaxillus gentianeus (Quél.) Kotl., 1966
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Road to Libano-Murillo; 2753 m
a.s.l.; 12 Nov 2012; leg. Isaza-Jaramillo, L. 6 (HUA 184913) (Gómez-Montoya et al.
2022).
Diversity and distribution of macrofungi (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) ... 21
Tricholoma saponaceum (Fr.) P. Kumm., 1871
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Sector el Infierno; 4°54'0.0"N
75°10'2.4"W; 2891 m a.s.l.; 29 Oct 2010; leg. Palacio M. 8, (HUA 183082); Ibid.,
Municipality of Murillo; 2965 m a.s.l.; 15 May 2015; leg. Rodas, N. 6 (HUA199549) (
Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
Family Incertae sedis
Lactocollybia epia (Berk. & Broome) Pegler, 1986
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Pajonales; 4°47'41.2"N
75°09'50.1"W; leg. Giraldo, A. 5 (HUA 140735) (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
Tricholomopsis aurea (Beeli) Desjardin & B.A. Perry, 2017
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Pajonales; 2300 m
a.s.l.; leg. Corredor, A. 7 (HUA 61512) (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
Trogia papyracea (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Corner, 1966
Distribution: Colombia, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Pajonales, Sector Fifí-La
Albania; 4°52'20"N 75°08'34"W; 2673 m a.s.l.; 12 Nov 2012; leg. Ramírez, J.E. 3
(HUA); Ibid., 4°52'34.8"N 75°08'42"W; 2677 m a.s.l.; 30 Apr 2011; leg. Urrea, S. 30
(HUA 183225). (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
Order Auriculariales
Family Auriculariaceae
Auricularia auricula-judae (Bull.) Quél., 1886
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo; 20 Apr 2004; leg. Montoya, A.F.
1 (HUA 165551) (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
Auricularia delicata (Mont. ex Fr.) Henn., 1893
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Canaán, Hacienda
Canaán; 4°47'41.2"N 75°09'50.1"W; 2540 m a.s.l.; 22 Nov 2005; leg. Franco-Molano,
A.E. 1813 (HUA 161222) (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
22 Zambrano-Forero C et al
Auricularia fuscosuccinea (Mont.) Henn., 1893
Materials
a. higherGeography: Colombia; Tolima; Municipality of Ibagué; Combeima rivercanyon;
verbatimElevation: 1900 m; verbatimCoordinates: 4°33'25.8"N 75°19'34.4"W; eventDate:
25 Sep 2019; catalogNumber: LRD36; institutionCode: FUT; occurrenceID:
E561A196-3B8D-5302-BBC5-FD71DFBC2627
b. higherGeography: Colombia; Tolima; Municipality of Ibagué; Universidad del Tolima;
verbatimElevation: 1150 m; verbatimCoordinates: 4°25'37.7"N 75°12'50.8"W; eventDate:
22 Sep2019; catalogNumber: LRD46; institutionCode: FUT; occurrenceID:
13FD54B1-8117-5FBC-A133-422DACA66630
Diagnosis: Basidiome pileate to substipitate, gelatinous, grey to reddish-brown, hairy
surface, abhymenial hairs of 35–87 µm, with medullary layer closer to the abhymenium
(Fig. 1C). Hymenophore smooth to plicate. Generative hyphae with clamps, hymenium
with crystals. Basidiospores cylindrical, hyaline, thin-walled and smooth, 13.9 × 5.3 µm.
Notes: It is a saprotrophic species growing on decaying wood. It is used to treat
medical disorders and as a food (Niño et al. 2017). Morphologically, this species differs
from others of the genus by the presence and position of the medullary layer, as well as
the size of the basidiospores. The species has been recorded in Antioquia, Amazonas,
Boyacá, Caquetá, Cauca, Chocó, Cundinamarca, Norte de Santander, Quindío and
Valle del Cauca. This is the first record of the species for Tolima.
Family Exidiaceae
Protomerulius caryae (Schwein.) Ryvarden, 1991
Material
a. higherGeography: Colombia; Tolima; Municipality of Ibagué; Combeima river canyon;
verbatimElevation: 2350 m; verbatimCoordinates: 4°34'43.2"N 75°19'28.4"W; eventDate:
25 Sep 2019; catalogNumber: LRD117; collectionCode: FUT; occurrenceID:
53038C13-5158-5E75-BDF7-789BD645AEE8
Diagnosis: Basidiome annual, resupinate and effused, soft when fresh, up to 1 mm
thick (Fig. 1D). Margin narrow to absent, white to pale brownish. Pore surface reddish-
white. Pores angular 4–6 per mm. Hyphal system dimitic; generative hyphae,
thin‑walled, hyaline, with clamps, 1.9–2 μm in diam., skeletal hyphae dominating in the
trama, thick-walled, 2.8–4.3 μm in diam. Basidia longitudinally septate. Basidiospores
allantoid to cylindrical, hyaline, smooth, thin-walled, negative in Melzer’s Reagent, 4.8–
5.8 × 2–2.9 μm.
Notes: The septate basidia and the size of the spores make the species distinct. This is
the first record of the species for Tolima.
Diversity and distribution of macrofungi (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) ... 23
Order Boletales
Family Boletaceae
Boletus pseudorubinellus A.H. Sm. & Thiers, 1971
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Canaán, Hacienda
Canaán; 4°47'41.2"N 75°09'50.1"W; 2540 m a.s.l.; 22 Nov 2005; leg. Franco-Molano,
A.E. 1811 (HUA 161958) (Peña-Venegas and Vasco-Palacios 2019).
Leccinellum rugosiceps (Peck) C. Hahn, 2020
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Pajonales, sector El
Fifí; 4°52'30.3"N 75°08'45.4"W; 11 May 2006; leg. Bedoya, A. 13 (HUA 165862) (
Vasco-Palacios and Franco-Molano 2012).
Phylloporus fibulatus Singer, Ovrebo & Halling, 1990
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Pajonales, La Albania;
4°52'30.3"N 75°08'45.4"W; 2891 m a.s.l.; 22 Aug 2011; leg. Durán, L. 2 (HUA 182876);
ibid., Sector el Infierno; 4°52'49.7"N 75°09'56.7"W; 2957 m a.s.l.; 06 Nov 2006; leg.
Rendón, Y. 3 (HUA 165734) (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
Phylloporus phaeoxanthus Singer & L.D. Gómez, 1984
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Pajonales, sector La
Albania; 4°52'23.6"N 75°08'33.7"W; 2681 m a.s.l.; 20 Apr 2010; leg. Urrea, S. 2 (HUA
182963) (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
Tylopilus obscurus Halling, 1989
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Sector el Infierno; 4°52'49.7"N
75°09'56"W; 2957 m a.s.l.; 11 Jun 2006; leg. Restrepo, J. 2 (HUA 165684), Ibid.,
Vereda Alto Alegrías, sector Castrillón; 05 Jan 2011; leg. Gómez-Montoya, 08 (HUA
183174) (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
Rugiboletus andinus (Halling) Halling & B. Ortiz, 2020
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Pajonales, Finca La
Alaska; 2675 m a.s.l.; 08 Nov 2006; leg. Restrepo, J., 07 (HUA 166085 as Leccinum
andinum Halling); Ibid., Vereda Alto Alegrías, sector Castrillón; 3050 m a.s.l.; 11 Jan
2010; leg. Carmona, M.J. (HUA 183228 as Leccinum andinum Halling) ( Gómez-
Montoya et al. 2022).
24 Zambrano-Forero C et al
Xerocomellus chrysenteron (Bull.) Šutara, 2008
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Sector el Infierno; 4°52'44.3"N
75°10'2.0"W; 2965 m a.s.l.; 31 Oct 2016; leg. S.C. 2 (HUA 207786); Ibid., Vereda
Requintaderos; 2950 m a.s.l.; 28 Apr 2014; leg. Tuberquia, J. 6 (HUA 195033 as
Boletus chrysenteron) (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
Family Boletinellaceae
Boletinellus exiguus (Singer & Digilio) Watling, 1997
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Pajonales, Finca
Alaska; 4°52'24.8"N 75°08'25.8"W; 2675 m a.s.l.; 08 Nov 2006; leg. Prada, P. 8 (HUA
165742); Ibid., Sector El Inciensal; 2350 m a.s.l.; 18 Apr 2005; leg. Palacio, J. 3
(HUA166016) (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
Family Suillaceae
Suillus luteus (L.) Roussel, 1796
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Pajonales, sector Fifí –
La Albania; 4°52'0.0"N 75°08'0.0"W; 2640 m a.s.l.; 31 Oct 2010; leg. Lopera, E. 4 (HUA
183197); Ibid., Finca Alaska; 4°52'24.8"N 75°08'25.8"W; 2695 m a.s.l; 08 Nov 2006;
leg. Gajowsha, A. 6 (HUA 165718) (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
Order Cantharellales
Family Hydnaceae
Craterellus boyacensis Singer, 1963
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Pajonales, sector La
Albania; 4°52'50.2"N 75°10'24"W; 2891 m a.s.l.; 20 Apr 2010; leg. Betancur, M. 138
(HUA 203814) (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
Craterellus cornucopioides (L.) Pers., 1825
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Pajonales, sector El
Fifí; 2300 m a.s.l.; 11 May 2006; leg. Gil, M. 9 (HUA 165900) (Gómez-Montoya et al.
2022).
Diversity and distribution of macrofungi (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) ... 25
Hydnum repandum L., 1753
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Pajonales, sector El
Fifí; 2300 m a.s.l.; 11 May 2006; leg. Gil, M. 9 (HUA 165900) (Gómez-Montoya et al.
2022).
Order Dacrymycetales
Family Dacrymycetaceae
Dacryopinax spathularia (Schwein.) G.W. Martin, 1948
Material
a. higherGeography: Colombia; Tolima; Municipality of Espinal; Chicoral; verbatimElevation:
390 m; verbatimCoordinates: 4°11'56.8"N 74°59'18.1"W; eventDate: 22 Jun 2022;
catalogNumber: PXVB 10; collectionCode: FUT; occurrenceID: D45FEA09-688E-5C12-
A7FB-A077251F1BB0
Diagnosis: Basidiome scattered or gregarious, up to 15 mm high, pileus gelatinous,
cartilaginous, spathulate, yellow to orange (Fig. 1E). Stipe cylindrical, eccentric,
whitish-orange with white base when dry. Margin cylindrical to spathulate-flabelliform,
lobed. Hymenophore smooth to sulcate. Hyphae branched, thin-walled, simple-septate,
pale yellow. Probasidia of 18.1–21.9 × 3.4–3.9 µm, cylindrical to subclavate, hyaline.
Metabasidia bifurcated, 33.2–36.2 × 2.9–3.3 µm. Basidiospores oblong to
subcylindrical, hyaline, 8.1–9.5 × 3.8–4.2 µm. Conidia globose to ellipsoid, hyaline,
5.8–6.6 × 3.0–3.2 µm.
Notes: The species is generally considered widespread. This is the first record of the
species for Tolima.
Order Gloeophyllales
Family Gloeophyllaceae
Gloeophyllum striatum (Fr.) Murrill, 1905
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Honda; leg. F. W. Pennell s.n. (NY
01964455) (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
26 Zambrano-Forero C et al
Order Hymenochaetales
Family Hymenochaetaceae
Coltricia cinnamomea (Jacq.) Murrill, 1904
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Pajonales, Bosque El
Roble; 2600 m a.s.l.; 09 May 2006; leg. García, D. 12 (HUA 165878) (Gómez-Montoya
et al. 2022).
Fuscoporia gilva (Schwein.) T. Wagner & M. Fisch., 2002
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Ibagué, Combeima river canyon;
4°33'25.8"N 75°19'34.4"W; 1900 m a.s.l.; 25 Sep 2017; leg. Davila, L.R., LRD28 (FUT)
(Dávila Giraldo et al. 2018).
Hymenochaete iodina (Mont.) Baltazar & Gibertoni, 2012
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Honda; leg. F. W. Pennell s.n. (NY) (
Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
Phylloporia chrysites (Berk.) Ryvarden, 1972
Material
a. higherGeography: Colombia; Tolima; Municipality of Ibagué; JBSJ; verbatimElevation:
1200 m; verbatimCoordinates: 4°27'6.7"N 75°13'19.8" W; eventDate: 22 Sep 2019;
catalogNumber: LRD13; collectionCode: FUT; occurrenceID: A130769F-
A063-5CE9-87E7-25D429A3798E
Diagnosis: Basidiome annual, pileate or imbricate, semicircular, widely attached, pilear
surface velutinous, yellowish-brown to rusty brown, mostly azonate (Fig. 2A). Margin
acute. Context with a dark line. Poroid surface yellowish to dark cinnamon brown.
Pores round to angular, 8–9 per mm. Tubes not stratified, but a bright yellow line
between the tubes and the context. Hyphal structure monomitic, generative hyphae
simple septate, yellowish to rusty brown. Basidia clavate, with four sterigmata.
Basidiospores ellipsoid; pale yellowish brown, thick-walled, smooth, 2.9–3.2 × 1.7–1.8
µm.
Notes: The species is characterised by tiny pores and a fairly soft basidiocarp. This
species is widespread in the Tropics and subtropical America (southern United States,
Cuba, Jamaica, Venezuela and Brazil) and Asia (West Indies, Indonesia and
Philippines). This is the first record of the species for Colombia.
Diversity and distribution of macrofungi (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) ... 27
Family Rickenellaceae
Cotylidia aurantiaca (Pat.) A.L. Welden, 1958
Material
a. higherGeography: Colombia; Tolima; Municipality of Líbano; Santa Librada Reserve;
verbatimElevation: 1100 m; verbatimCoordinates: 4°52'48.4"N 75°01'17.4"W; eventDate:
29 Sep 2019; catalogNumber: LRD138; collectionCode: FUT; occurrenceID: 72A354FF-
D337-5992-A346-C21AC7128295
Figure 2.
Fresh basidiomata of species as new records for Colombia. A Basidiomata of Phylloporia
chrysites (LRD 12); B Basidiomata of Antrodiella multipileata (LRD 129); C Basidiomata of
Flabellophora parva (ZF 54); D Basidiomata of Perenniporiella micropora (LRD 126). E
Basidiomata of Perenniporia ochroleuca (ZF 51); F Basidiomata of Trametes cingulata (LRD
119); G Basidiomata of Dentipellicula guyanensis (ZF 48). Scale bars A, B, C, F = 5 cm; Scale
bars D, E, G = 1 cm. Photos by: Cristian Zambrano (C, E, F); Lina Dávila (A); Paula Villanueva
(B, D, G).
28 Zambrano-Forero C et al
Diagnosis: Basidiome stipitate, spathulate, solitary or gregarious (Fig. 1F).
Pilear
surface velutinous, greyish-yellow, with a lighter area towards the margin. Margin
usually fimbriate. Hymenophore smooth, yellow in fresh specimens, but frequently
discolouring to yellow-ochre on drying. Stipe variable in size. Hyphal structure
monomitic, with generative hyphae simple septate. Cystidia cylindrical to clavate, with
slightly thickened walls, 6.4–14.4 μm wide and up to 48 μm long. Basidia with four
sterigmata. Basidiospores elliptical, hyaline, thin-walled, 6–7.2 ×2.8–4 µm
Notes: Common species in the Neotropics occurring in large numbers on dead wood
or in the soil. This is the first record of the species for Tolima.
Order Phallales
Family Phallaceae
Clathrus archeri (Berk.) Dring, 1980
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Pajonales, sector El
Fifí; 3000 m a.s.l.; 20 Mar 2004; leg. Corrales-Osorio, A. 225 (HUA 142369) (Gómez-
Montoya et al. 2022).
Order Polyporales
Family Fomitopsidaceae
Ranadivia modesta (Kunze ex Fr.) Zmitr., 2018
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Honda; leg. Kopf S.N (TAAM 098215) (
Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
Family Irpicaceae
Gloeoporus thelephoroides (Hook.) G. Cunn., 1965
Material
a. higherGeography: Colombia; Tolima; Municipality of Líbano; Santa Librada Reserve;
verbatimElevation: 1100 m; verbatimCoordinates: 4°52'48.4"N 75°01'17.4"W; eventDate:
29 Sep 2019; catalogNumber: LRD 130; collectionCode: FUT; occurrenceID:
61A2FCE6-4928-5988-8B6B-5D3F2CAF22AA
Diagnosis: Basidiome annual, pileate, solitary to partly imbricate. Pileus tomentose,
light yellow, flat evenly to radially tomentose, white (Fig. 1G and 6). Margin acute and
very thin. Pore surface cream to pinkish. Pores round to angular, irregular, 5–7 per mm.
Diversity and distribution of macrofungi (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) ... 29
Context white, separate from the pore layer with a darker gelatinised zone. Hyphal
structure monomitic, generative hyphae with simple septa. Basidiospores allantoid,
hyaline, smooth, thin-walled, negative in Melzer’s Reagent, 3.2–4 × 0.9–1.2 μm.
Notes: This species is separated from other species in the genus by the white to
pinkish hymenophore and microscopically, by the simple septate generative hyphae.
This is the first record of the species for Tolima.
Irpex rosettiformis C.C. Chen & Sheng H. Wu, 2021
Materials
a. higherGeography: Colombia; Tolima; Municipality of Ibagué; JBSJ; verbatimElevation:
1200 m; verbatimCoordinates: 4°27'06.7"N 75°13'19.8"W; eventDate: 22 Sep 2019;
catalogNumber: ZF40; collectionCode: FUT; occurrenceID: D7565C6B-44E9-54B2-
B6FF-52938A0B1E71
b. higherGeography: Colombia; Tolima; Municipality of Líbano; main park;
verbatimElevation: 1580 m; verbatimCoordinates: 4°55'21.9"N 75°03'53.6"W; eventDate:
29 Sep 2019; catalogNumber: LRD145; collectionCode: FUT; occurrenceID:
A317F480-433B-5DC4-B221-DE91DDFA20D6
Diagnosis: Basidiome pileate, yellowish-white, irregular, as rosettes, upper surface
velutinate, with small stipe (Fig. 1H). Pore surface papillate. Hyphal structure
monomitic, with generative hyphae with simple septa. Basidiospores ellipsoid to
subglobose, hyaline, thin-walled, 4.1–4.7 × 3.0–3.6 μm.
Notes: This species is recognised for having irregular and incised basidiomes, in
addition to having generative hyphae with simple septa, subglobose basidiospores and
the absence of cystidia. This is the first record of the species for Tolima.
Family Meripilaceae
Physisporinus lineatus (Pers.) F. Wu, Jia J. Chen & Y.C. Dai, 2017
Materials
a. higherGeography: Colombia; Tolima; Municipality of Ibagué; JBSJ; verbatimElevation:
1200 m; verbatimCoordinates: 4°27'6.7"N 75°13'19.8"W; eventDate: 22 Sep 2019;
catalogNumber: ZF 35; collectionCode: FUT; occurrenceID: 46DD198D-1ABA-51E5-
A065-72275E28FD2B
b. higherGeography: Colombia; Tolima; Municipality of Ibagué; JBSJ; verbatimElevation:
1200 m; verbatimCoordinates: 4°27'6.7"N 75°13'19.6"W; eventDate: 22 Sep 2019;
catalogNumber: ZF 36; collectionCode: FUT; occurrenceID: F35A5B0D-B5AC-5BDD-
A6DD-458BC8B1EF33
c. higherGeography: Colombia; Tolima; Municipality of Ibagué; JBSJ; verbatimElevation:
1200 m; verbatimCoordinates: 4°27'6.7"N 75°13'20.1"W; eventDate: 22 Sep 2019;
catalogNumber: ZF 46; collectionCode: FUT; occurrenceID: 9A429A0E-3DF7-5CD7-
AFFA-07B6975F0424
30 Zambrano-Forero C et al
Diagnosis: Basidiome pileate, in some cases resupinate, solitary to imbricate, sessile
(Fig. 1I). Pileus concentrically zonate-sulcate, pale orange to reddish-brown and
velutinate. Pore surface bright orange to greyish-brown. Pores round to angular, 6–13
per mm. Hyphal structure monomitic; generative hyphae with simple septa,
moderately
branched, thin to thick-walled, sometimes similar to skeletal hyphae, but with simple
septa. Cystidia rare and encrusted. Cystidioles pointed and abundant. Basidiospores
subglobose to globose, hyaline, smooth, negative in Melzer’s Reagent, 3.9–6.2 × 3.6–
5.5 µm.
Notes: The species is distinguished from similar species as Rigidoporus microporus by
the presence of cystidia. This is the first record of the species for Tolima.
Rigidoporus microporus (Sw.) Overeem, 1924
Materials
a. higherGeography: Colombia; Tolima; Municipality of Líbano; Santa Librada Reserve;
verbatimElevation: 1100 m; verbatimCoordinates: 4°52'48.4"N 75°01'17.4"W; eventDate:
29 Sep 2019; catalogNumber: LRD 139; collectionCode: FUT; occurrenceID:
64903204-8A99-5AC0-BF54-E360FA7EE237
b. higherGeography: Colombia; Tolima; Municipality of Líbano; Santa Librada Reserve;
verbatimElevation: 1100 m; verbatimCoordinates: 4°52'48.3"N 75°01'17.4"W; eventDate:
29 Sep 2019; catalogNumber: LRD 137; collectionCode: FUT; occurrenceID:
E25B4BB5-7569-52DD-8BF7-A4C125D0273B
Diagnosis: Basidiome pileate, broadly attached, growing in clusters (Fig. 3A). Pileus
upper surface first reddish-orange to reddish-brown and velutinate. Pore surface first
bright orange to yellowish-brown. Pores angular, 8–11 per mm. Hyphal structure
monomitic; generative hyphae with simple septa, thick-walled. Cystidioles present only
in one of the examined specimens. Basidiospores subglobose, hyaline, thin-walled,
negative in Melzer’s Reagent, 3.7–5 × 3–4.8 µm.
Notes: Species very similar to P. lineatus, separated by the absence of cystidia. This is
the first record of the species for the Department of Tolima.
Rigidoporus vinctus (Berk.) Ryvarden, 1972
Material
a. higherGeography: Colombia; Tolima; Municipality of Líbano; Santa Librada Reserve;
verbatimElevation: 1100 m; verbatimCoordinates: 4°52'48.4"N 75°01'17.4"W; eventDate:
29 Sep 2019; catalogNumber: LRD144; collectionCode: FUT; occurrenceID:
A18D8802-5CED-5FC5-B6A8-7E0E62FFE1B4
Diagnosis: Basidiome resupinate (Fig. 3B). Pore surface greyish-orange when dry.
Pores round 7–8 per mm, pore layer stratified. Hyphal structure monomitic; generative
hyphae with simple septa, hyaline and thin-walled to thick-walled. Cystidia present,
Diversity and distribution of macrofungi (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) ... 31
ventricose, 15.0-20.4 x 7.8-10.2 μm. Basidiospores subglobose, hyaline, thin-walled,
negative in Melzer’s Reagent, 3.2–3.9 × 2.8–3.4 μm.
Notes: This species is recognised by the resupinate basidiocarp and the presence
of
cystidia. This is the first record of the species for Tolima.
Family Panaceae
Panus neostrigosus Drechsler-Santos & Wartchow, 2012
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Pajonales; 4°52'30"N
75°08'26"W 2685 m a.s.l.; 12 Nov 2012 leg. Gómez, L. 4 (HUA 184942) (Gómez-
Montoya et al. 2022).
Figure 3.
Fresh basidiomata of species as new records for the Department of Tolima. A Basidiomata of
Rigidoporus microporus (LRD 137); B Basidiomata of Rigidoporus vinctus (LRD 144); C
Basidiomata of Podoscypha venustula (ZF 29); D Basidiomata of Diplomitoporus hondurensus
(ZF 38); E Basidiomata of Echinochaete brachypora (ZF 39); F Basidiomata of Lentinus
velutinus (LRD 136); G-H Basidiomata of Nigroporus vinosus (LRD 125); I Basidiomata of
Polyporus dictyopus (LRD 9); J Basidiomata of Trametes maxima (PXVB 21); K Basidiomata
of Trichaptum sector (PXVB 7). Scale bars = 1 cm. Photos by: Lina Dávila (I); Ana María
Dávila (B); Paula Villanueva (A, C, D, E, F, G, H, J, K)
32 Zambrano-Forero C et al
Family Podoscyphaceae
Podoscypha venustula (Speg.) D.A. Reid, 1965
Materials
a. higherGeography: Colombia; Tolima; Municipality of Ibagué; JBSJ; verbatimElevation:
1200 m; verbatimCoordinates: 4°27'6.7"N 75°13'19.8"W; eventDate: 22 Sep 2019;
catalogNumber: ZF 29; collectionCode: FUT; occurrenceID: AAD74A65-8661-5C4E-
AD73-11447ADC2D4C
b. higherGeography: Colombia; Tolima; Municipality of Ibagué; JBSJ; verbatimElevation:
1200 m; verbatimCoordinates: 4°27'6.7"N 75°13'19.7"W; eventDate: 22 Sep 2019;
catalogNumber: ZF 30; collectionCode: FUT; occurrenceID: FC0B825D-
EB44-534D-82B3-5BC0B046AFF6
Diagnosis: Basidiomes gregarious, infundibuliform to flabelliform; upper surface
glabrous, pale yellow when fresh, darker at the base, yellowish-brown when dry, with
concentric and darker circles at the base (Fig. 3C and 7). Stipe short and hirsute.
Hymenophoral surface smooth, ochraceous buff. Hyphal structure dimitic, generative
hyphae hyaline, branched, with clamps; skeletal hyphae thick-walled, unbranched, 2.4–
4.2 μm wide. Gloeocystidia abundant, undulant, thin-walled, with highly refractive
contents, 34–78 × 6.8–8.6 µm. Pileocystidia subcylindrical, with strongly thickened
walls, up to 64 μm long and 110 μm wide. Basidiospores broadly ellipsoid, hyaline, thin-
walled, negative in Melzer’s Reagent, 3.5–4.6 × 3–4 μm.
Notes: The size and shape of the spores, as well as the colour change from whitish to
dark rusty brown are characteristic of this species. It is known from South America.
This is the first record of the species for Tolima.
Family Polyporaceae
Cerrena hydnoides (Sw.) Zmitr., 2001
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Honda; leg. F. W. Pennell s.n. (NY) (
Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
Earliella scabrosa (Pers.) Gilb. & Ryvarden, 1985
Material
a. higherGeography: Colombia; Tolima; Municipality of Líbano; Santa Librada Reserve;
verbatimElevation: 1100 m; verbatimCoordinates: 4°52'48.4"N 75°01'17.4"W; eventDate:
29 Sep 2019; catalogNumber: LRD127; collectionCode: FUT; occurrenceID:
DD960046-3C07-559A-9544-BFB9347ABA0E
Diversity and distribution of macrofungi (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) ... 33
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Ibagué, Universidad del Tolima;
4°25'37.7"N 75°12'50.8"W; 1150 m a.s.l.; 19 Jan 2017; leg. Zambrano, C. and Dávila,
L.R., ZF 1 (FUT) (Zambrano-Forero et al. 2021).
Echinochaete brachypora (Mont.) Ryvarden, 1978
Material
a. higherGeography: Colombia; Tolima; Municipality of Ibagué; JBSJ; verbatimElevation:
1200 m; verbatimCoordinates: 4°27'6.7"N 75°13'19.8"W; eventDate: 22 Sep 2019;
catalogNumber: ZF 39; collectionCode: FUT; occurrenceID: 782AB130-
A1F0-5280-8055-8A3B41D169A4
Diagnosis: Basidiome stipitate, dimidiate, pale orange, glabrous (Fig. 3E). Pore surface
whitish-orange to dark brown. Pores irregular to angular 1–2 per mm. Hyphal structure
dimitic, generative hyphae hyaline, thin-walled and clamped, binding hyphae
moderately branched, thick-walled. Setoid elements present, thick-walled and common
in the hymenium. Basidiospores cylindrical, hyaline, smooth, thin-walled, negative in
Melzer’s Reagent, 8.9–13.6 × 5.8–8.5 µm.
Notes: The dark brown setoid elements are unique for this species. This is the first
record of the species for Tolima.
Ganoderma australe (Fr.) Pat., 1889
Material
a. higherGeography: Colombia; Tolima; Municipality of Ibagué; Universidad del Tolima;
verbatimElevation: 1150 m; verbatimCoordinates: 4°25'40.1"N 75°12'49.0"W; eventDate:
23 Sep 2019; catalogNumber: ZF32; collectionCode: FUT; occurrenceID: 9C040B2B-
F619-5C6A-8976-E445A2691CDA
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Ibagué, JBSJ; 4°27'06.7"N
75°13'19.8"W; 1200 m a.s.l.; 22 Sep 2017; leg. Dávila, L.R, LRD 7 (FUT) ( Dávila
Giraldo et al. 2018).
Hexagonia glabra Lév., 1846
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Ibagué, Universidad del Tolima;
4°25'37.7"N 75°12'50.8"W; 1150 m a.s.l.; 20 Jan 2017; leg. Zambrano, C. and Dávila,
L.R. ZF 5 (FUT) (Zambrano-Forero et al. 2021).
34 Zambrano-Forero C et al
Lentinus crinitus (L.) Fr., 1825
Material
a. higherGeography: Colombia; Tolima; Municipality Ibagué; JBSJ; verbatimElevation: 1200
m; verbatimCoordinates: 4°27'06.7"N 75°13'19.8"W; eventDate: 22 Sep 2019;
collectionCode: FUT; occurrenceID: 994BC7D6-419C-5FCB-9311-870E6B8962C4
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Honda; leg. F. W. Pennell s.n. (NY) (
Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022); Ibid. Municipality of Ibagué, Combeima river canyon;
4°33'25.8"N 75°19'34.4"W; 1900 m a.s.l.; leg. Dávila, L.R., LRD 1 (FUT) ( Dávila-
Giraldo et al. 2020).
Lentinus velutinus Fr., 1830
Material
a. higherGeography: Colombia; Tolima; Municipality of Líbano Santa Librada Reserve;
verbatimElevation: 1100 m; verbatimCoordinates: 4°52'48.4"N 75°01'17.4"W; eventDate:
29 Sep 2019; catalogNumber: LRD 136; collectionCode: FUT; occurrenceID: 44A1CB01-
B641-5B2F-87FB-745D89BD1AF4
Diagnosis: Basidiome stipitate, with stipe central, infundibuliform, cylindrical, dark
brown and velutinate (Fig. 3F). Pileus hispid, concolorous with the stipe, lamellae
arcuate and ochraceous. Hymenophore lamellate. Hyphal structure dimitic, generative
hyphae with clamps, skeletal hyphae thick-walled. Metuloid cystidia present.
Basidiospores ellipsoid, 5.2–6.6 × 2.8–4 µm.
Notes: The species is recognised by the long slender brown velutinate stipe and
equally coloured and velutinate pileus. The species was originally described from
Brazil. This is the first record of the species for Tolima.
Perenniporiella micropora (Ryvarden) Decock & Ryvarden, 2003
Material
a. higherGeography: Colombia; Tolima; Municipality of Líbano: Santa Librada Reserve;
verbatimElevation: 1100 m; verbatimCoordinates: 4°52'48.4"N 75°01'17.4"W; eventDate:
29 Sep 2019; catalogNumber: LRD126; collectionCode: FUT; occurrenceID: 78269D87-
EFAF-535D-BB5D-A609A304A3C1
Diagnosis: Basidiomes pileate to effused reflexed (Fig. 2D). Pileus semicircular. Pileus
upper surface zonate, brownish-yellow at the margin becoming darker as a thin cuticle
starts to develop from the base, glabrous, strongly zonate. Margin acute. Pore surface
pale isabelline to cream. Pores round, tiny, 6–9 per mm. Tubes and context wood-
coloured. Hyphal structure dimitic, generative hyphae with clamps, thin-walled and
hyaline; skeletal hyphae thick-walled, dominating in the tubes and context.
Basidiospores globose to subglobose, hyaline, thick-walled, slightly dextrinoid, 4–6.4 ×
3.8–6.4 µm.
Diversity and distribution of macrofungi (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) ... 35
Notes: This species is characterised by having small pores and globose to subglobose
basidiospores. It was originally described from Peru (Ryvarden 1987). This is the
first
record of the species in Colombia.
Picipes dictyopus (Mont.) B.K. Cui, Xing Ji & J.L. Zhou, 2022
Material
a. higherGeography: Colombia; Tolima; Municipality of Ibagué; JBSJ; verbatimElevation:
1200 m; verbatimCoordinates: 4°27'6.7"N 75°13'19.8"W; eventDate: 22 Sep 2019;
catalogNumber: LRD 9; collectionCode: FU; occurrenceID:
C879AE3C-4604-545F-9A6E-1B55CCB03537
Diagnosis: Basidiomes laterally stipitate. Pileus flabelliform, upper surface glabrous,
yellowish-brown (Fig. 3I). Pore surface ochraceous. Pores decurrent; tubes and context
pale orange. Stipe black. Hyphal structure dimitic; generative hyphae clamped, hyaline;
skeleto-binding hyphae yellowish. Basidia clavate, 4-sterigmate. Basidiospores
cylindrical, thin-walled, hyaline, smooth, negative in Melzer’s Reagent, 5.7-6.1 × 2.4
μm.
Notes: This species is characterised by having a laterally stipitate basidiocarp, with a
robust and black stipe, an irregular margin and cylindrical basidiospores. It was
originally described from the Juan Fernandez Archipelago, near the coast of Chile (
Palacio et al. 2017). Currently, the species has a wide global distribution. In Colombia,
this is the first record of the species for Tolima.
Pycnoporus sanguineus (L.) Murrill, 1904
Material
a. higherGeography: Colombia; Tolima; Municipality of Ibagué; Universidad del Tolima;
verbatimElevation: 1150 m; verbatimCoordinates: 4°25'37.7"N 75°12'50.8" W; eventDate:
23 Sep 2019; catalogNumber: LRD 23; collectionCode: FUT; occurrenceID:
75B9D608-7F02-5643-BE78-9718A91BAD69
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Ibagué, Universidad del Tolima;
4°25'34.89''N 75°12'46.77''W; 1150 m a.s.l.; 1 Jan 2017; leg. Davila, L.R., LRD 2 (FUT)
(Dávila Giraldo et al. 2018).
Tinctoporellus epimiltinus (Berk. & Broome) Ryvarden, 1979
Materials
a. higherGeography: Colombia; Tolima; Municipality Líbano; Santa Librada Reserve;
verbatimElevation: 1100 m; verbatimCoordinates: 4°52'48.4"N 75°01'17.4"W; eventDate:
29 Sep 2019; catalogNumber: LRD 140; collectionCode: FUT; occurrenceID:
ACC723C3-985D-5182-A985-CA32F1D134B2
36 Zambrano-Forero C et al
b. higherGeography: Colombia; Tolima; Municipality Líbano; Santa Librada Reserve;
verbatimElevation: 1100 m; verbatimCoordinates: 4°52'48.4"N 75°01'17.5"W; eventDate:
29 Sep 2019; catalogNumber: LRD 141; collectionCode: FUT; occurrenceID:
7FF8A206-953A-553B-9CF2-EA5FFAB90C23
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Ibagué, JBSJ; 1200 m a.s.l.; 19
Feb
2017; leg. Zambrano, C. and Dávila, L.R., ZF 4 (FUT) (Zambrano-Forero et al. 2021).
Trametes cingulata Berk., 1854
Material
a. higherGeography: Colombia; Tolima; Municipality of Ibagué; Combeima river canyon;
verbatimElevation: 2350 m; verbatimCoordinates: 4°34'43.2"N 75°19'28.4"W; eventDate:
25 Sep 2019; catalogNumber: LRD119; collectionCode: FUT; occurrenceID:
2401D7BF-121E-5EF9-A51E-1C0D04495456
Diagnosis: Basidiomes pileate, solitary, effused reflexed; upper surface glabrous,
orange, becoming black, spreading from the base, with concentric zones, darkens with
KOH; margin whitish and round (Fig. 2F). Pore surface light orange, shiny when turned
in incident light, pores round to angular, 4–6 per mm, context concolorous to pore
surface. Hyphal system trimitic, generative hyphae clamped, hyaline and thin-walled;
skeletal hyphae abundant, yellow and thick-walled, binding hyphae present.
Basidiospores ellipsoid, hyaline, smooth, negative in Melzer’s Reagent, 4.3–4.8 × 3.4–
3.8 µm.
Notes: The species is recognised by the sooty black colours on the glabrous, often
concentrically sulcate pileus. This is the first record of this species for Colombia.
Trametes elegans (Spreng.) Fr., 1838
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Ibagué, JBAVH; 1150 m a.s.l.; 22 Sep
2017; leg. Davila, L.R., LRD29 (FUT) (Dávila Giraldo et al. 2018).
Trametes maxima (Mont.) A. David & Rajchenb., 1985
Material
a. higherGeography: Colombia; Tolima; Municipality of Espinal; Chicoral; verbatimElevation:
390 m; verbatimCoordinates: 4°12'35.6"N 74°58'37.1"W; eventDate: 22 Jun 2022;
catalogNumber: PXVB 21; collectionCode: 22 Jun 2022; occurrenceID: E28237E5-
DB20-5655-9E83-26DA8E025398
Diagnosis: Basidiome pileate, applanate, broadly attached. Pileus upper surface pale
tan or dark ochraceous, tomentose to hirsute, with green shades in the basal tomentum
because of algal growth (Fig. 3J). Pore surface white to pale yellowish-brown. Pores
slightly daedaloid, 1–2 per mm, dissepiments with an irregular hydnoid surface. Tubes
concolorous with pore surface. Context dense, white to ochraceous, 2–7 mm thick,
Diversity and distribution of macrofungi (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) ... 37
separated from the upper distinctly darker and looser upper tomentum by a
distinct
black zone. Hyphal structure trimitic, generative hyphae clamped, hyaline and thin-
walled, skeletal hyphae abundant, hyaline and thick-walled, binding hyphae present.
Basidiospores oblong ellipsoid, smooth, hyaline, negative in Melzer’s Reagent, 3.9–4.6
× 2.3–2.5 µm.
Notes: This species is recognised by the hydnoid or incised pore surface and the
woolly tomentum under which there is a distinct black zone. In Colombia, this is the first
record of the species for Tolima.
Trametes variegata (Berk.) Zmitr., Wasser & Ezhov, 2012
Material
a. higherGeography: Colombia; Tolima; Municipality of Ibagué; JBSJ; verbatimElevation:
1200 m; verbatimCoordinates: 4°27'06.7"N 75°13'19.8"W; eventDate: 22 Sep 2019;
catalogNumber: LRD 5; collectionCode: FUT; occurrenceID:
65FB38E0-0A5B-5D1F-86BF-E9864040F55B
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality Murillo, Sector el Infierno; 4°52'57.8"N
75°10'14.7"W; 2907 m a.s.l.; 20 Nov 2005; leg. Corredor, A. 15 (HUA 161439) (Gómez-
Montoya et al. 2022).
Trametes villosa (Sw.) Kreisel, 1971
Material
a. higherGeography: Colombia; Tolima; Municipality of Ibagué; JBSJ; verbatimElevation:
1200 m; verbatimCoordinates: 4°27'06.7"N 75°13'19.8"W; eventDate: 22 Sep 2019;
catalogNumber: LRD8; collectionCode: FUT; occurrenceID: 68A130F2-5FC3-57B5-
A14A-24A46AA38F5C
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Ibagué, leg. Chardon & Toro 551 (CU) (
Chardón and Toro 1930)
Truncospora ochroleuca (Berk.) Pilát, 1941
Material
a. higherGeography: Colombia; Tolima; Municipality of Ibagué; JBSJ; verbatimElevation:
1200 m; verbatimCoordinates: 4°27'6.7"N 75°13'19.8" W; eventDate: 22 Sep 2019;
catalogNumber: ZF 51; collectionCode: FUT; occurrenceID: 5E482CD7-
B4AE-5E9A-8164-A33BAF7F3194
Diagnosis: Basidiome perennial, solitary or imbricate, sessile, attached by a narrow or
broad lateral base. Pileus ungulate, glabrous, upper surface pale yellow, concentrically
zonate (Fig. 2E). Margin thick, round, slightly lobed. Pore surface cream. Pores round,
4–6 per mm. Tubes and context dull yellow. Hyphal structure trimitic, generative
hyphae thin-walled, hyaline, with clamps, skeletal hyphae hyaline and thick-walled,
38 Zambrano-Forero C et al
binding hyphae hyaline and thick-walled. Basidiospores ellipsoid, truncate at the apex,
hyaline to golden, thick-walled and dextrinoid 10.9–16.1 × 6.2–8.6 µm.
Notes: The species is characterised by the small, thick, glabrous pilei and large
truncate spores. Originally, the species was described from Australia, but
currently
presents a worldwide distribution. In South America, it has been recorded in Brazil. This
is the first record of the species in Colombia.
Family Steccherinaceae
Antrodiella multipileata Log.-Leite & J.E. Wright, 1991
Material
a. higherGeography: Colombia; Tolima; Municipality of Líbano; Santa Librada Reserve;
verbatimElevation: 1100 m; verbatimCoordinates: 4°52'48.4"N 75°01'17.4"W; eventDate:
29 Sep 2019; catalogNumber: LRD 129; collectionCode: FUT; occurrenceID:
87F7969F-86EC-5B04-81F5-50D78E453B5D
Diagnosis: Basidiomes annual, effused reflexed to pileate, upper surface pale yellow,
zonate (Fig. 2B). Pore surface white to light straw-colored. Pores angular to slightly
irregular, 4–5 per mm. Margin poroid to irpicoid. Context thin, concolorous with the
tubes. Hyphal structure dimitic, generative hyphae with clamps, hyaline, very difficult to
observe, skeletal hyphae hyaline, thick-walled to solid. Presence of abundant crystals.
Cystidia and other sterile elements absent. Basidia with four sterigmata. Basidiospores
ellipsoid, hyaline, thin-walled, 3.6–4.5 × 2.5–3.2 μm.
Notes: This species is characterised by small and whitish basidiomes with large
irregular pores and ellipsoid basidiospores, in addition to the hyphal structure of difficult
interpretation. The species was described from Brazil (Leite and Wright 1991). This is
the first record of the species for Colombia.
Flabellophora parva Corner, 1987
Material
a. higherGeography: Colombia; Tolima; Municipality of Ibagué; JBSJ; verbatimElevation:
1200 m; verbatimCoordinates: 4°27'6.7"N 75°13'19.8"W; eventDate: 22 Sep 2019;
catalogNumber: ZF 54; collectionCode: FUT; occurrenceID: 000BE180-
B795-5DB4-8BDC-5B81432018B6
Diagnosis: Basidiomes stipitate, solitary. Pileus flabelliform to subreniform, upper
surface subpruinose when dry, white to pale yellow, stipe short (Fig. 2C). Stipe short,
base subdiscoid. Pore surface white. Pores angular to irregular, 11–14 per mm. Hyphal
structure pseudo-dimitic; generative hyphae with clamps, with long segments on the
thick-walled hyphae, skeletal hyphae thick-walled; it is difficult to interpret whether it is
Diversity and distribution of macrofungi (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) ... 39
a dimitic or monomythic hyphal system. Basidiospores ellipsoid, hyaline, smooth, thin-
walled, negative in Melzer’s Reagent, 3.4–4.1 × 2.5–3.2 µm.
Notes: The superimposed pileate basidiocarp with minute pores, the pileus colour and
the size of the spores, were characters used to differentiate this species from others.
It
has been described from Peru (Corner 1987). This is the first record of the species for
Colombia.
Nigroporus vinosus (Berk.) Murrill, 1905
Material
a. higherGeography: Colombia; Tolima; Municipality of Líbano; Santa Librada Reserve;
verbatimElevation: 1100 m; verbatimCoordinates: 4°52'48.4"N 75°01'17.4"W; eventDate:
29 Sep 2019; catalogNumber: LRD125; collectionCode: FUT; occurrenceID:
6D1B7F26-2BCB-5AB3-AA8F-B38923EE2C44
Diagnosis: Basidiomes annual, effused-reflexed to pileate with contracted base. Pileus
dimidiate to flabelliform, applanate, upper surface velutinate, vinaceous to purplish-
brown, azonate (Fig. 3H). Pore surface greyish-brown. Pores circular to irregular, 6–10
per mm (Fig. 3G). Tubes concolorous with the pore surface or slightly greyish. Context
dark brown, up to 3 mm thick. Hyphal structure dimitic; generative hyphae with clamps,
thin-walled, skeletal hyphae thick-walled. Basidiospores allantoid to cylindrical, smooth,
hyaline, negative in Melzer’s Reagent, 2.9–3.5 × 1.2–1.8 µm.
Notes: The small vinaceous to purple basidiome are characteristic of this species, the
allantoid to cylindrical spores separate it from species in Nigrofomes Murrill. The
species present a Pantropical distribution. This is the first record of the species for
Tolima.
Trullella polyporoides (Ryvarden & Iturr.) Zmitr., 2018
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Ibagué, JBSJ; 4°27'6.7"N 75°13'19.8"W
; 1200 m a.s.l.; 20 Jan 2017; leg. Zambrano, C. and Dávila, L.R., ZF2 (FUT) (
Zambrano-Forero et al. 2021).
Family Incertae sedis
Diplomitoporus hondurensis (Murrill) Ryvarden, 2000
Material
a. higherGeography: Colombia; Tolima; Municipality of Ibagué; JBSJ; verbatimElevation:
1200 m; verbatimCoordinates: 4°27'6.7"N 75°13'19.8"W; eventDate: 22 Sep 2019;
catalogNumber: ZF38; collectionCode: FUT; occurrenceID:
CFDB0BA1-59BA-5A77-980A-157CB9B1D659
40 Zambrano-Forero C et al
Diagnosis: Basidiomes resupinate, brittle when dry (Fig. 3D). Pore surface white when
fresh and pale orange when dry. Pores angular to irregular, 2–4 per mm. Context
very
thin and white. Hyphal structure dimitic, generative hyphae hyaline, with clamps,
skeletal hyphae predominant, thick-walled, hyaline. Dendrohyphidia present, in some
cases with apical protuberances. Basidia with four sterigmata. Basidiospores
cylindrical, smooth, thin-walled, negative in Melzer’s Reagent, 4.6–6.2 × 2.8–3.4 μm.
Notes: The species is microscopically separated by the dendrohyphidia and larger
basidiospores from similar species. It is distributed in Puerto Rico and Honduras (type
locality), but certainly has a wider distribution in the Caribbean (Ryvarden 2000). This is
the first record of the species for Tolima.
Trichaptum sector (Ehrenb.) Kreisel, 1971
Material
a. higherGeography: Colombia; Tolima; Municipality of Espinal; Chicoral; verbatimElevation:
390 m; verbatimCoordinates: 4°11'56.9''N 74°59'20.0''W; eventDate: 22 Jun 2022;
catalogNumber: PXVB 7; collectionCode: FUT; occurrenceID:
20D42B6F-4E3B-5CD3-9D78-A022F8C1A839
Diagnosis: Basidiomes annual, pileate, broadly attached, applanate. Pileus upper
surface light brown to yellowish-grey, zonate, appressed velutinate to tomentose (Fig. 3
K). Margin entire then lobed, pale fuscous vinaceous. Pore surface brown, pores
angular 3–4 per mm, with irregular edge. Hyphal structure trimitic; generative hyphae
with clamps, some rather thick-walled, hyaline; skeletal hyphae thick-walled, yellow,
mostly parallel; binding hyphae tortuous. Cystidia clavate, apically encrusted. Hymenial
cystidia with thin or slightly thickened walls, subclavate to subventricose, then obtuse
apex with a crystal cap. Basidiospores ellipsoid, hyaline, negative in Melzer’s Reagent,
4.5–5.9 × 2.2–2.6 μm.
Notes: The colouration of the pore surface and the upper surface are characteristic of
this species. It is found throughout Mexico and Central America. In Colombia, this
collection represents the first record of the species for Tolima.
Order Russulales
Family Auriscalpiaceae
Artomyces pyxidatus (Pers.) Jülich, 1982
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Sabanalarga, sector
Sabanaverde; 4°53'21.4''N 75°11'7.5''W; 3000 to 3100 m a.s.l.; 07 Nov 2006; leg.
Rendón, Y. s.n. (HUA 166022 as Clavicorona pyxidate (Pers.) Doty) ( Gómez-Montoya
et al. 2022).
Diversity and distribution of macrofungi (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) ... 41
Family Hericiaceae
Dentipellicula guyanensis Yuan Yuan, Meng Zhou, Jia J. Chen & Vlasák,
2020
Material
a. higherGeography: Colombia; Tolima; Municipality of Ibagué; JBSJ; verbatimElevation:
1200 m; verbatimCoordinates: 4°27'6.7"N 75°13'19.8"W; eventDate: 22 Sep 2019;
catalogNumber: ZF 48; collectionCode: FUT; occurrenceID: 2D99595C-2D51-5A8F-
A20D-A99248F94175
Diagnosis: Basidiomes resupinate, odontioid (Fig. 2G). Margin white, fimbriate, cottony;
spines acute, 2.6-3.4 x 0.2-0.5 mm. Hyphal structure monomitic; generative hyphae
with clamps. Gloeopleurous hyphae and gloeocystidia present. Basidiospores broadly
ellipsoid, hyaline, minutely roughened, strongly amyloid, 2.8–3.5 × 2.0–2.8 µm.
Notes: The species differs from other Dentipellicula Y.C. Day & L.W. Zhou species by
the shape and size of the spores. This is the first record of the species in Colombia.
Family Russulaceae
Lactarius atroviridis Peck, 1889
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Sector el Infierno, near the
sewage treatment plant; 4°52'50"N 75°10'2.4"W; 2891 m a.s.l.; 29 Apr 2011; leg.
Pimienta, J. 3 (HUA 183184) (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
Lactarius camphoratus (Bull.) Fr., 1838
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Pajonales, sector El
Inciensal; 2350 m a.s.l.; 19 Apr 2005; leg. Corredor, A. 5 (HUA 161738) (Peña-Venegas
and Vasco-Palacios 2019).
Lactarius chrysorrheus Fr., 1838
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Pajonales, sector La
Albania; 2650 m a.s.l.; 09 May 2006; leg. Flórez, C. 9 (HUA 165698) (Gómez-Montoya
et al. 2022).
Lactarius deceptivus Peck, 1885
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Pajonales, sector Los
Pérez, Protected Area El Roble; 4°52'00"N 75°08'00"W; 25 May 2007; leg. Botero, A.
30 (HUA 165685) (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
42 Zambrano-Forero C et al
Lactarius indigo (Schwein.) Fr., 1838
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Sector el Infierno, near the
sewage treatment plant; 4°52'50"N 75°10'2.4"W; 2891 m a.s.l.; 29 Apr 2011; leg.
Pérez, G. 9 (HUA 182984) (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
Russula emetica (Schaeff.) Pers., 1796
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Pajonales, sector Fifí,
La Albania; 4°52'38.6"N 75°07'35.4"W; 2350 to 2640 m a.s.l.; 30 Oct 2010; leg.
Palacios, M. 5 (HUA 183175) (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
Family Stereaceae
Stereum ostrea (Blume & T. Nees) Fr., 1838
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Pajonales, sector La
Albania; 4°52'30.3"N 75°08'45"W; 2659 m a.s.l.; 22 Oct 2011; leg. Almanza, E. 3 (HUA
182932) (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
Order Thelephorales
Family Thelephoraceae
Tomentella bryophila (Pers.) M.J. Larsen, 1974
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo; 2659 m a.s.l.; 10 Nov 2014; leg.
Urmas Koljalg 12386 (TUF) (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
Tomentella lateritia Pat., 1894
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo; 2964 m a.s.l.; 10 Nov 2014; leg.
Urmas Koljalg 12355 (TUF) (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
Tomentella radiosa (P. Karst.) Rick, 1934
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo; 2659 m a.s.l.; 10 Nov 2014; leg.
Urmas Koljalg 12358 (TUF) (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
Tomentella stuposa (Link) Stalpers, 1984
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo; 2659 m a.s.l.; 10 Nov 2014; leg.
Urmas Koljalg 12361 (TUF) (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
Diversity and distribution of macrofungi (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) ... 43
Order Tremellales
Family Tremellaceae
Tremella mesenterica Retz., 1769
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Pajonales, sector La
Albania; 4°52'30.3"N 75°08'45.4"W; 2656 m a.s.l.; 22 Oct 2011; leg. Carmona, M. J. 2
(HUA 182881) (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
Doubtful taxa
Aleurodiscus disciformis (DC.) Pat., 1894
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima; (Cossu et al. 2022)
Calostoma cinnabarinum Desv., 1809
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima; (Peña-Venegas and Vasco-Palacios 2019).
Cantharellus lateritius (Berk.) Singer, 1951
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Pajonales; 4°52'38.6"N
75°07'35.4"W; 2350 m a.s.l.; 24 Nov 2005; leg. Pérez, J. 13 (HUA 161239) (Peña-
Venegas and Vasco-Palacios 2019, Universidad de Antioquia 2023).
Chalciporus piperatus (Bull.) Bataille, 1908
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Sector La Albania; 4°52'00.0"N
75°08'26.0"W; 2685 m a.s.l.; 11 Dec 2012; leg. Mosquera, J. 4 (HUA 184972) (Franco-
Molano et al. 2010, Universidad de Antioquia 2023)
Collybia margarita (Murrill) Singer, 1951
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima; 2100-2350 m a.s.l.; (as Tricholoma margarita) (Cossu
et al. 2022).
Conferticium ochraceum (Fr.) Hallenb., 1980
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima; 3600-3800 m a.s.l. (Cossu et al. 2022).
44 Zambrano-Forero C et al
Cyanosporus subcaesius (A. David) B.K. Cui, L.L. Shen & Y.C. Dai, 2018
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima; 2450-3100 m a.s.l. (Cossu et al. 2022).
Heteroradulum lividofuscum (Pat.) Spirin & Malysheva, 2017
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima (Cossu et al. 2022).
Hygrocybe miniata (Fr.) P. Kumm., 1871
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Sabanalarga, Sector
Sabanaverde; 4°53'21"N 75°11'08"W; 3000 to 3100 m a.s.l.; 08 May 2006; leg. Flórez,
C. 06 (HUA 161147) (Franco-Molano et al. 2010, Universidad de Antioquia 2023).
Hyphodontia granulosa (Pers.) Bernicchia, 1988
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima (Cossu et al. 2022).
Laccaria amethystina Cooke, 1884
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Sector el Infierno; 4°52'49.7"N
75°09'57.1"W; 2957 m a.s.l.; 16 Nov 2006; leg. Prada, P. 2 (HUA 166063) ( Peña-
Venegas and Vasco-Palacios 2019, Universidad de Antioquia 2023)
Lentinula boryana (Berk. & Mont.) Pegler, 1976
Distribution: Murillo, Vereda Pajonales, Finca Alaska; 2675 m a.s.l.; 4°52'48.0"N
75°08'25.8"W; 06 Nov 2006; leg. Echeverri, J.D. 9 (HUA 166001) (Franco-Molano et al.
2010, Universidad de Antioquia 2023).
Lichenomphalia hudsoniana (H.S. Jenn.) Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo &
Vilgalys, 2002
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima; 4150 to 4700 m a.s.l. (Cossu et al. 2022).
Marasmius cohaerens (Pers.) Cooke & Quél., 1878
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Sector el Infierno; 4°52'50.0"N
75°10'02.4"W; 2891 m a.s.l.; 05 May 2012; leg. Restrepo, E. 2 (HUA 195656) (Franco-
Molano et al. 2010, Universidad de Antioquia 2023).
Mycena alcalina (Fr.) P. Kumm.,1871
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima (Franco-Molano et al. 2010).
Diversity and distribution of macrofungi (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) ... 45
Russula cyanoxantha (Schaeff.) Fr., 1863
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima (Peña-Venegas and Vasco-Palacios 2019).
Xeromphalina tenuipes (Schwein.) A.H. Sm., 1953
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Murillo, Vereda Sabanalarga, Área
Protegida Vallecitos, Sector Casas Viejas; 4°53'00.0"N 75°11'07.5"W; 3000 to 3100 m
a.s.l.; 17 Apr 2015; leg. Montoya, J. 2 (HUA 161644) (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022,
Universidad de Antioquia 2023).
Xylaria telfairii (Berk.) Sacc., 1882
Distribution: Colombia, Tolima, Municipality of Villarrica, La Colonia; 1560 m a.s.l.; 25
Jan 1944; leg. Elbert Little s.n. (GAM) (Cossu et al. 2022, MyCoPortal 2023).
Analysis
Taxonomy
We found 18 publications with information on the diversity of macrofungi in Tolima. A total
of 193 records of macrofungi corresponding to 164 species were found for the Tolima
Department. The species reported here belong to 15 orders (Fig. 4), with Agaricales and
Polyporales being the best represented, with 45 and 19%, respectively. The best sampled
municipalities are Murillo with 100 species and Ibagué with 28 (Fig. 5).
Figure 4.
Number of species in the Department of Tolima for each Order.
46 Zambrano-Forero C et al
In this study, 38 specimens were collected and morphologically identified, which were
classified as 19 new reports (Figs 1, 3) for the department of Tolima and seven new reports
for Colombia (Fig. 2). In addition, the new reports include a morphological description and
comments.
We keep a total of eighteen species under doubtful taxa. There is a group of species that
have been recorded in the literature for the Department of Tolima (Franco-Molano et al.
2010, Peña-Venegas and Vasco-Palacios 2019, Cossu et al. 2022, Gómez-Montoya et al.
2022), but no voucher or collection was referenced. We carried out a search for vouchers
of these species in the databases of the Herbarium of the Universidad de Antioquia or in
the MyCoPortal. We did not have access to these specimens to review them
morphologically, but we made a reference for future studies that will allow us to establish
their presence in Tolima. There is another group of species recorded for the Department
classified as doubtful taxa, for which we were not able to find any data regarding a voucher
that could be reviewed to confirm their occurrence in the Department. In this case, after the
name of the species, we leave only the bibliographical reference that cites the occurrence.
Phylogenetic inference for Gloeoporus species. For this study, we generated one
consensus sequences of ITS (Table 1). In total, the ITS dataset had an aligned length of
1386 characters, of which 1072 were constant, 314 were variable and parsimony-
uninformative and 194 were parsimony-informative. The best tree inferred in a Maximum
Likelihood framework has a log likelihood = -4064.2346. The best fit models selected were
Figure 5.
DDistribution map of macrofungi in the Tolima Department.
Diversity and distribution of macrofungi (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) ... 47
TIM2+F+R2 for ITS and TN+F+G4 for 28S. The phylogenetic inference (Fig. 6) and the
morphological analysis confirmed that the collected specimen corresponds to Gloeoporus
thelephoroides (Hook.) G. Cunn. (LRD130, BS = 91, SH alRT = 95).
Phylogenetic inference for Podoscypha species. For this study, we generated one
consensus sequences of ITS (Table 2). In total, the ITS dataset had an aligned length of
1948 characters, of which 1329 were constant, 619 were variable and parsimony-
uninformative and 413 were parsimony-informative. The best tree inferred in a Maximum
Likelihood framework has a log likelihood = -9011.705842. The best fit models selected
were TN+F+I+G4 for ITS and TN+F+R2 for 28S. The phylogenetic inference (Fig. 7) and
the morphological analysis confirmed that the collected specimen corresponds to
Podoscypha venustula (Speg.) D.A. Reid (BS = 96, SH alRT = 96).
Figure 6.
Phylogenetic relationship of Gloeoporus species inferred from a combined dataset of
ITS+nLSU conducted by IQ-TREEE optimal tree (log likelihood = --4064.2346). The
sequences generated in this study are indicated in bold. Values at nodes indicate ultrafast
bootstrap (left) and the Shimodaira-Hasegawa approximate likelihood-ratio test (right); minus
(–) indicates support values lower than 90%. Two codes after voucher specimens indicate the
country of origin (ISO 3166 – Alpha 2). The bar indicates the number expected substitutions
per position.
48 Zambrano-Forero C et al
Figure 7.
Phylogenetic relationship of Podoscypha species inferred from a combined dataset of
ITS+nLSU conducted by IQ-TREEE optimal tree (log likelihood = -9011.705842). The
sequences generated in this study are indicated in bold. Values at nodes indicate ultrafast
bootstrap (left) and the Shimodaira-Hasegawa approximate likelihood-ratio test (right); minus
(–) indicates support values lower than 90%. Two codes after voucher specimens indicate the
country of origin (ISO 3166 – Alpha 2). The bar indicates the number expected substitutions
per position.
Diversity and distribution of macrofungi (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) ... 49
Discussion
Recently, Gómez-Montoya et al. (2022) reported 115 species of macrofungi of
Basidiomycota for the Department of Tolima, Colombia, and Vasco-Palacios and Franco-
Molano (2012) have reported only four species of Ascomycota. In this study, we managed
to compile a total of 164 species of macrofungi (154 of Basidiomycota and 10 of
Ascomycota), 146 being considered as good records and we placed 18 species as doubtful
taxa. Additionally, new records, based on morphological and phylogenetical analyses, are
presented, which makes it the most complete and critical checklist to date for Tolima.
The order Agaricales, with 76 species recorded in the Department, is considered the best
represented. The 97% of the reports have been made in the Montane Rainforest and in
forests dominated by Quercus. Only one species, P. cubensis (Pulido 1983), has been
recorded from the tropical dry forest, which is one of the most threatened ecosystems in
Colombia (Etter et al. 2017). Although this is the best represented order in the Department,
it is necessary to collect and study species of Agaricales from other municipalities and
different ecosystems of Tolima.
The order Polyporales is the second-best represented order with 32 species. About 85% of
the recorded species are distributed in lowland forest areas and the remaining records
have been made in Montane Rainforests of Murillo, Líbano and Ibagué. Within
Polyporales, we present 12 new records for the Department and five for Colombia. These
results agree with those presented by Gómez-Montoya et al. (2022) in which Agaricales
and Polyporales are always the best represented groups in almost all ecosystems where
diversity studies of fungi have been conducted (oak forest, coniferous forest, mixed forest,
Amazon, lowland and other ecosystems).
The order Hymenochaetales is represented by six species in three different families. In this
study, we included two records for the tropical rainforest and premontane dry forest. We
present the first record of Phylloporia chrysites for Colombia. This species was previously
described in Venezuela and is found associated with the roots of living plants, possibly with
a parasitic lifestyle. New samples must be collected to determine the diversity of this order
in Tolima.
For the order Auriculariales, five species are reported. A very important species, from the
nutritional point of view, is A. auricula-judae that was registered in Murillo Municipality (
Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022). Wu et al. (2021) documented that it is a species with
European distribution and probably it is a species complex in other parts of the world. It is
necessary to review the morphology of the Colombian specimens and obtain molecular
and phylogenetic data that allow us to properly name this species and classify it correctly in
the phylogeny of the group. Protomerulius caryae was previously recorded in Colombia for
the Department of Antioquia (Vasco-Palacios and Franco-Molano 2012). It was reported for
the first time in Tolima in this study.
The orders Boletales, Cantharelalles, Phallales, Russulales, Thelephorales and
Tremellales were represented by 12 species or less. Species recorded in these orders
50 Zambrano-Forero C et al
were all collected in montane rainforest and oak forest, except for Dentipellicula
guyanensis that was recorded in tropical dry forest. Gloeophyllum striatum and D.
spathularius are the only species reported for Gloeophyllales and Dacrymycetales,
respectively, both species being reported from tropical dry forest. Vasco-Palacios and
Franco-Molano (2012) reported that, in Colombia, these species are distributed below
2100 m a.s.l. It is necessary to carry out studies of the diversity of these groups in other
localities and types forests present in Tolima, such as tropical dry forest, tropical rainforest,
paramo and wetlands.
It is important to note that there are some endemic species described from Tolima, such as
Hohenbuehelia espeletiae, described from Santa Isabel paramo. This species is only
known from this type locality and from the type material, which makes it an excellent
candidate to evaluate its state of conservation, mainly due to the loss and destruction of
the paramo ecosystems. It is a priority to carry out studies on fungal diversity and
conservation in the paramos of Colombia because it is currently a threatened ecosystem.
Another endemic species is Favolaschia roseogrisea. It was also described from Tolima,
but has not been collected since then. The type specimen is not located in Colombia
(Singer B 6035 F) and it would be very important to have new records of this species
deposited in Colombian herbaria and with an exhaustive morphological and phylogenetical
analyses. The non-lichenised Ascomycota fungi have been little studied in the Department
of Tolima, only ten species being recorded, so new works are needed to study the diversity
of this group in the Department. The humid mountain forest is the best sampled with five
species, but the diversity of Ascomycota in Tolima is still unknown. It is important to note
that Ascomycota is the best represented group in Colombia with 4,554 species (Sanjuan
and Brothers 2022). Certainly, the very low number of records in the Department is a clear
sign of a knowledge gap.
The data provided in this study constitute an important baseline for the knowledge of fungal
biodiversity in the Department of Tolima; additionally, it is a contribution to increase the
knowledge of fungi distributed in dry and humid forests of low altitude, which are
considered very little sampled forests in the Colombian Andes regarding fungal diversity (
Vasco-Palacios and Franco-Molano 2019, Gómez-Montoya et al. 2022).
Acknowledgements
This study was carried out within the framework of project No. 58653 of the "Academic-
scientific NanoBioCáncer Alliance" financially supported by the "Colombia científica"
initiative of the National Government of Colombia and the World Bank, contract
FP448442-211-2018 of 2018. MV was supported by the “Fondo Nacional de
Financiamiento para la Ciencia, la Tecnología y la Innovación, Francisco José de Caldas”,
Minciencias, contract number 648 2020 in Program 848.
Diversity and distribution of macrofungi (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) ... 51
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