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Tools of electronic lexicography as a means to teaching foreign language for professional purposes
Abstract
В работе впервые описывается технология применения методов электронной лексикографии в практике изучения языка специальности и формирования коммуникативной компетенции у будущих преподавателей системы профессионального образования. В статье содержится подробное описание процедуры создания учебного словаря с использованием языка разметки DSL. Разработка двуязычного электронного словаря рассматривается одновременно и как объект изучения, и как средство обучения языку специальности. При проведении исследования был выполнен анализ нормативно-правовой документации, а также учебно-методической литературы; представлен анализ существующих двуязычных электронных словарей. Результаты работы внедрены в практику подготовки преподавателей системы среднего профессионального образования, изложенные в работе идеи и практические рекомендации могут быть использованы при проведении занятий по изучению языка специальности.
The paper is the first one to describe the technology of applying methods of electronic lexicography to teaching foreign language for professional purposes, and even to form communicative competence among future teachers of the secondary vocational education system. A detailed description of the procedure for creating learning dictionary using the Dictionary Specification Language (DSL) is suggested. The composing of a bilingual electronic dictionary is considered both as an object of studying and as a teaching tool. In addition to the analysis of scientific literature, the analysis of regulatory and legal documentation, as well as educational and methodological literature was carried out. An analytical review of electronic bilingual dictionaries is presented. The results of the study can be used to train vocational education teachers and to teach foreign language for professional purposes.
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In this paper I present an overview of the spectrum of available online English language dictionaries, and then offer some general comments on a few selected key issues. Given the current explosion of web content, it is quite pointless to try to list every single dictionary available. It makes better sense to identify the salient categories of online dictionaries and selectively focus on their prominent and typical representatives. The first notable category, so important to the many learners of English worldwide, are the famous British monolingual learners' dictionaries (the Big Five). Here, it is interesting to observe the gradual transition to the online medium in what has sometimes been called the freemium approach. Quality general English dictionaries aimed at the native speaker are not so well represented, but there are a wide choice of specialized (subject) dictionaries of varying quality and provenance. Special-purpose dictionaries include pronouncing dictionaries and onomasiological dictionaries. Diachronic dictionaries have also established a presence on the internet. As one guise of the Web 2.0 experience, we witness the emergence of bottom-up (or user-involvement) lexicography, with such prominent exemplars as the Urban Dictionary or Wiktionary. Hyperlinking is a fundamental feature of the web, but it is, arguably, overused in the so called dictionary aggregators: dictionary portals which put together entries from several online dictionaries. This creates highly redundant assemblages of lexicographic data. How to tap the richness of the Web but present the results in a user-friendly manner without laborious human intervention is a tough question. Another issue that still awaits satisfactory answers is the organization of access to data in online dictionaries. Even in highly respected dictionaries, there remain basic problems of access, such as with locating multi-word units, notwithstanding the upbeat tone of metalexicographers who often just pronounce the problem as essentially solved in the electronic medium. Other issues related to new technologies are the use of graphics, multimedia and alternative presentation modes, and these receive some attention. Finally, I play with the idea of the dictionary as an advanced query system sitting on top of a text corpus. Using collocation dictionaries as an example, I demonstrate that the difference between a sophisticated corpus query system and a more traditional lexicographic product may soon become something of a technical subtlety.
The arrival of the modern computer set in motion a series of lexicographers' dreams without equal in the history of dictionary making. Achieving the wildest of those electronic‐dictionary vistas has the potential to result in reference works beyond all recognition. This potential, alas, remains to be realised. The aim of this article is to analyse the major achievements and future prospects when it comes to ‘human‐oriented electronic dictionaries’ (for short EDs). In the first two sections the scene is set by revisiting this article's title. In the third section various ED typologies are presented, including a new three‐step access dictionary typology. The latter is used as a frame in section four, where forty pros and cons of paper versus electronic products are reviewed. This study clearly shows that ED dreams are indeed not without a solid basis. The next two sections then deal with the ED dreams proper, first in the form of a brief diachronic perspective singling out main dreams and main actors (section five), then in a much more detailed fashion sorting and scrutinising one hundred and twenty dreams found throughout the literature (section six). Section seven concludes with some observations on the way ahead.
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