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Evaluation of degrading hysteresis on RC structures retrofitted with energy dissipating systems

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José Jara at Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo
José Jara
Bertha A. Olmos
Bertha A. Olmos
Bertha A. Olmos
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Guillermo Martinez at Regis University
Guillermo Martinez
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Abstract and Figures

Passive control devices are currently used in several countries to improve the seismic response of structures. These novel technologies include energy dissipating systems to increase the energy dissipating capacity of modern and heritage buildings but not always reduces completely the expected damages. A parametric study directed to determine the importance of the strength and stiffness degradation in reinforced concrete structures retrofitted with metallic energy dissipation devices, located in soft soil sites is carried out. Nonlinear time-history analyses of equivalent single-degree-of-freedom systems with periods in the range of low-, medium- and tall-rise buildings are summarized. Three variations of the basic model are selected, namely: moment resisting frame, frame with energy dissipating devices and braced frame. Push-over analysis of the building models are conducted to obtain equivalent single-degree-of-freedom systems. To quantify the importance of the strength and stiffness degradation in the response of the structures, four parameters of the hysteretic rules that denote small, medium and large degradation are selected. Large degradation is expected in old existing structures with pathologies accumulated during their useful life. All structural models were subjected to a suite of ground motions recorded in soft soil sites of Mexico City. Results based on the analysis of damage indices show that the strength and stiffness degradation are more relevant in structures with energy dissipating devices when the fundamental period of the model is close to the predominant period of the ground motion. The seismic response also showed the relevance of the brace-energy dissipating device stiffness on the expected damage of the buildings.
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Vol.:(0123456789)
1 3
Journal of Building Pathology and Rehabilitation (2023) 8:47
https://doi.org/10.1007/s41024-023-00303-4
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Evaluation ofdegrading hysteresis onRC structures retrofitted
withenergy dissipating systems
JoseM.Jara1· BerthaA.Olmos1· GuillermoMartínez1
Received: 3 April 2023 / Revised: 12 May 2023 / Accepted: 13 May 2023 / Published online: 19 May 2023
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023
Abstract
Passive control devices are currently used in several countries to improve the seismic response of structures. These novel
technologies include energy dissipating systems to increase the energy dissipating capacity of modern and heritage build-
ings but not always reduces completely the expected damages. A parametric study directed to determine the importance of
the strength and stiffness degradation in reinforced concrete structures retrofitted with metallic energy dissipation devices,
located in soft soil sites is carried out. Nonlinear time-history analyses of equivalent single-degree-of-freedom systems
with periods in the range of low-, medium- and tall-rise buildings are summarized. Three variations of the basic model are
selected, namely: moment resisting frame, frame with energy dissipating devices and braced frame. Push-over analysis of
the building models are conducted to obtain equivalent single-degree-of-freedom systems. To quantify the importance of
the strength and stiffness degradation in the response of the structures, four parameters of the hysteretic rules that denote
small, medium and large degradation are selected. Large degradation is expected in old existing structures with pathologies
accumulated during their useful life. All structural models were subjected to a suite of ground motions recorded in soft
soil sites of Mexico City. Results based on the analysis of damage indices show that the strength and stiffness degradation
are more relevant in structures with energy dissipating devices when the fundamental period of the model is close to the
predominant period of the ground motion. The seismic response also showed the relevance of the brace-energy dissipating
device stiffness on the expected damage of the buildings.
Keywords Energy dissipating devices· Damaged buildings· Strength degradation· Stiffness degradation· Soft soils
1 Introduction
In recent decades, the use of passive control devices to
improve the seismic response of buildings has increased
considerably. Isolation systems, energy dissipators, mass
dampers, among other passive control devices, have been
proposed [1, 2]. The seismic history of the Mexican Repub-
lic shows that most of the damaged and collapsed build-
ings during an earthquake occurrence have been in Mexico
City, particularly in soft soil sites. During the earthquakes of
September 19, 1985 and 2017, a large number of reinforced
concrete buildings on soft soils collapsed. Figure1 shows
two building collapsed during the 2017 strong motion.
The frequency content of soft soils (long periods) makes
attractive the use of energy dissipating systems to improve
seismic response of building. However, various studies [3,
4] have shown that the addition of energy dissipation sys-
tems does not necessarily keeps the columns and beams of
a building within the elastic range of behavior. On the con-
trary, long periods of the seismic records and the possibility
of differential settlements of buildings on soft soils prevent
the use of seismic isolation systems.
In different parts of the world, the most important moti-
vation to increase the use of passive control devices is gen-
erated by the fatalities and building damages caused by
earthquakes. In China, for example, the first applications of
energy dissipators and isolation systems were in 1993, and
by 2007 there were about 600 isolated structures and close to
100 structures with energy dissipators [5]. After the Sichuan
* Jose M. Jara
jose.jara@umich.mx
Bertha A. Olmos
bertha.olmos@umich.mx
Guillermo Martínez
guillermo.martinez@umich.mx
1 Civil Engineering School, University ofMichoacan,
Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico
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