General patterns of the Lepidoptera fauna of Iran

Abstract

The main purpose of this catalogue was to improve our knowledge of the Lepidoptera fauna of Iran and acquire a better knowledge of the patterns of distribution of this large insect order within the country. These patterns not only show the large-scale structure of the faunal elements of this order in Iran, but also highlight research gaps and and other needs in Iranian lepidopterology, which should be addressed before we lose more habitats and species.
This chapter addresses questions such as: How many lepidopteran species are reported from Iran? How many of them are truly present in Iran? I.e., how many need further confirmation and how many have been erroneously reported? How many of the reported species are regarded as synonyms today? How are they systematically distributed (e.g., how many species are known per family)? How are they geographically distributed, both horizontally and vertically? Which taxonomic groups are especially in need of additional sampling efforts and taxonomic revisions? Finally, how many are endemic to Iran?

Fig. 1
Summary of the statuses in Iran of the lepidopteran species listed in this catalogue.

Species diversity
In total, 6,191 species-level names are listed in this catalogue as reported from Iran in the literature or for the first time in the present catalogue. Of these, 1,262 are regarded as junior synonyms and 117 as erroneously reported, although 24 are considered likely to occur in the country (see Appendix 1). Of the 4,812 remaining valid species, 4,517 are regarded as definitely resident in Iran, whereas 295 need further confirmation [see Fig. 1 and notes in Rajaei et al. (2023)].
In total, we list 892 endemic species for Iran, corresponding to an endemicity rate of 19.7% (Appendix 2). As can be observed in Fig. 2, over 70% of the endemic species have been collected at altitudes between 1,000 and 3,000 m. Isolation, by reducing gene flow, is an important driver of speciation, and higher per-species speciation rates caused by increasing isolation with elevation are assumed to be one of the most plausible explanations for the globally consistent pattern of higher endemism at higher elevations (Steinbauer et al. 2016). Phylogenetic evidence indicates that many high-elevation endemics across the globe are phylogenetically young taxa resulting from recent rapid diversification, e.g., in the New Zealand Alps (Winkworth et al. 2005), the Andes (Hutter et al. 2013) and East Malaysia (Merckx et al. 2015). These localized areas (i.e., type localities) can be used as a reference for future conservation initiatives.

Fig. 2
Elevational diversity gradients of the endemic Lepidoptera species of Iran. In (b), each dot represents a species record.

Fig. 3
Number of known Lepidoptera species per family in Iran.

Distribution of species within families
As can be observed in Appendix 1, some families are more species-rich than others. However, this pattern could simply be an artefact due to some taxonomic groups being less studied (e.g., the microlepidopteran families) when compared to other parts of the world (e.g., Europe or North America). In contrast, some families (e.g., Zygaenidae, Cossidae and nearly all Papilionoidea) are much better known. Fig. 3 shows the number of species per family in Iran.

Fig. 4
Data on Iranian Lepidoptera, subdivided by province. a. Map showing number of recorded species per province. b. Map showing number of type localities per province. c. Bar chart showing number of recorded species per province.

Horizontal and vertical distribution of Lepidoptera species in Iran
Not only have some lepidopteran lineages been incompletely studied in Iran (e.g., most microlepidopteran families), but some provinces have been insufficiently explored overall. The number of recorded species per province is shown in Appendix 3 and Fig. 4, where it is clear that several provinces (e.g., Ilam and Khorasan-e Jonubi) have been largely neglected in past taxonomic surveys. Of note, the Ilam province is located in a transitional zone between the Zagros Mts. and the desert plains of Iraq, and potentially contains a rich Lepidoptera fauna. Some other provinces (e.g., Ardabil and Khorasan-e Shomali), although much better studied, show a low number of type localities (Fig. 4b), which could be explained by intensive taxonomic studies on the other side of the national borders of Iran, e.g., in the Kopet-Dagh Mts. (Turkmenistan) and Azerbaijan Mts. (Azerbaijan).
Most lepidopterous larvae feed on living plants, many of them on a single plant species (monophagous) or a few related species (oligophagous), and their distribution is therefore dependent on the distribution of their host plants. Areas with a high diversity of plants have, in most cases, a correlatively high diversity of Lepidoptera. In some families of Lepidoptera (e.g., Gracillariidae, Tortricidae and Geometridae), the larvae of a majority of species feed on the leaves of deciduous trees. These families are thus most diverse in forested areas such as mountains and north-facing hills. The larvae of many species of Gelechiidae, Pyralidae and Noctuidae feed on low plants, often in dry areas, and these families are most diverse in steppes and semi-deserts.
© Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart

References
1.
Hutter, C. R., Guayasamin, J. M. & Wiens, J. J. (2013): Explaining Andean megadiversity: the evolutionary and ecological causes of glassfrog elevational richness patterns. – Ecology Letters 16: 1135–1144. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.12148 Google Scholar
2.
Merckx, V. S. F. T., Hendriks, K. P., Beentjes, K. K., Mennes, C. B., Becking, L. E., Peijnenburg, K. T. C. A., Afendy, A., Arumugam, N., Boer, H. De, Biun, A., Buang, M. M., Chen, P.-P., Chung, A. Y. C., Dow, R., Feijen, F. A. A., Feijen, H., Feijen-Van Soest, C., Geml, J., Geurts, R., Gravendeel, B., Hovenkamp, P., Imbun, P., Ipor, I., Janssens, S. B., Jocqué, M., Kappes, H., Khoo, E., Koomen, P., Lens, F., Majapun, R. J., Morgado, L. N., Neupane, S., Nieser, N., Pereira, J. T., Rahman, H., Sabran, S., Sawang, A., Schwallier, R. M., Shim, P.-S., Smit, H., Sol, N., Spait, M., Stech, M., Stokvis, F., Sugau, J. B., Suleiman, M., Sumail, S., Thomas, D. C., Tol, J. Van, Tuh, F. Y. Y., Yahya, B. E., Nais, J., Repin, R., Lakim, M. & Schilthuizen, M. (2015): Evolution of endemism on a young tropical mountain. – Nature 524: 347–350. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14949 Google Scholar
3.
Rajaei, H., Aarvik, L., Arnscheid, W. R., Baldizzone, G., Bartsch, D., Bengtsson, B. Å., Bidzilya, O., Buchner, P., Buchsbaum, U., Buszko, J., Dubatolov, V. V., Erlacher, S., Esfandiari, M., Freina, J. J. De, Gaedike, R., Gyulai, P., Hausmann, A., Haxaire, J., Hobern, D., Hofmann, A., Ignatev, N., Kaila, L., Kallies, A., Keil, T., Kiss, Á., Kitching, I. J., Kun, A., László, G. M., Leraut, G., Mally, R., Matov, A., Meineke, J.-U., Melichar, T., Mey, W., Mironov, V., Müller, B., Naderi, A., Nässig, W. A., Naumann, S., Nazari, V., Nieukerken, E. J. Van, Nuss, M., Pöll, N., Prozorov, A. M., Rabieh, M. M., Rákosy, L., Rindoš, M., Rota, J., Rougerie, R., Schintlmeister, A., Shirvani, A., Sihvonen, P., Simonsen, T. J., Sinev, S.y U., Skou, P., Sobczyk, T., Sohn, J.-C., Tabell, J., Tarmann, G., Tokár, Z., Trusch, R., Varga, Z., Volynkin, A. V., Wanke, D., Yakovlev, R. V., Zahiri, R., Zehzad, P., Zeller, H. C., Zolotuhin, V. V. & Karsholt, O. (2023a): Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of Iran. – In: Rajaei, H. & Karsholt, O. (eds.): Lepidoptera Iranica. – Integrative Systematics 6 (Special Issue): 121–459. https://doi.org/10.18476/2023.997558.7 Google Scholar
4.
Steinbauer, M. J., Field, R., Grytnes, J.-A., Trigas, P., Ah-Peng, C., Attorre, F., Birks, H. J. B., Borges, P. A. V., Cardoso, P., Chou, C.-H., De Sanctis, M., Sequeira, M. M. De, Duarte, M. C., Elias, R. B., Fernández-Palacios, J. M., Gabriel, R., Gereau, R. E., Gillespie, R. G., Greimler, J., Harter, D. E. V., Huang, T.-J., Irl, S. D. H., Jeanmonod, D., Jentsch, A., Jump, A. S., Kueffer, C., Nogué, S., Otto, R., Price, J., Romeiras, M. M., Strasberg, D., Stuessy, T., Svenning, J.-C., Vetaas, O. R. & Beierkuhnlein, C. (2016): Topography-driven isolation, speciation and a global increase of endemism with elevation. – Global Ecology and Biogeography 25: 1097–1107. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12469 Google Scholar
5.
Winkworth, R. C., Wagstaff, S. J., Glenny, D. & Lockhart, P. J. (2005): Evolution of the New Zealand mountain flora: origins, diversification and dispersal. – Organisms Diversity & Evolution 5: 237–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ode.2004.12.001 Google Scholar

Appendices

Appendix 1
Number of resident species (R) within each Lepidoptera family in Iran. Species requiring further confirmation (U) are also listed, together with erroneously reported species (E) and species erroneously reported but possibly occurring in the country (EP). Endemic species are listed in the last column.

Appendix 2
List of endemic Lepidoptera species in Iran, sorted by family.

Continued

Continued

Continued

Continued

Continued

Continued

Appendix 3
Numbers of recorded Lepidoptera species, per family, for each Iranian province.

Full text

CHAPTER 4General patterns of the Lepidoptera fauna of
Iran*
Authors: Rajaei, Hossein, Noori, Sajad, Karsholt, Ole, and Zahiri, Reza
Source: Integrative Systematics: Stuttgart Contributions to Natural
History, 6(sp1) : 69-81
Published By: Stuttgart State Museum of Natural History
URL: https://doi.org/10.18476/2023.997558.4
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Integrative Systematics 6 (Special Issue): 69–81; published 16.III.2023; DOI: 10.18476/2023.997558.4 69
© Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart
CHAPTER 4
General patterns of the Lepidoptera fauna of Iran*1
Hossein Rajaei1, sajad nooRi1, ole KaRsHolt2 & Reza zaHiRi3
*1 In: Rajaei, H. & KaRsHolt, O. (eds.): Lepidoptera Iranica. – Integrative Systematics 6 (Special Issue): 69 –81.
The main purpose of this catalogue was to improve our
knowledge of the Lepidoptera fauna of Iran and acquire
a better knowledge of the patterns of distribution of this
large insect order within the country. These patterns not
only show the large-scale structure of the faunal elements
of this order in Iran, but also highlight research gaps and
and other needs in Iranian lepidopterology, which should
be addressed before we lose more habitats and species.
This chapter addresses questions such as: How many
lepidopteran species are reported from Iran? How many
of them are truly present in Iran? I.e., how many need fur-
ther confirmation and how many have been erroneously
reported? How many of the reported species are regarded
as synonyms today? How are they systematically distri-
buted (e.g., how many species are known per family)? How
are they geographically distributed, both horizontally and
vertically? Which taxonomic groups are especially in
need of additional sampling efforts and taxonomic revi-
sions? Finally, how many are endemic to Iran?
Species diversity
In total, 6,191 species-level names are listed in this cata-
logue as reported from Iran in the literature or for the first
time in the present catalogue. Of these, 1,262 are regarded as
junior synonyms and 117 as erroneously reported, although
24 are considered l ikely to occ ur in the countr y (see Appendi x
1). Of the 4,812 remaining valid species, 4,517 are regarded
as definitely resident in Iran, whereas 295 need further con-
firmation [see Fig. 1 and notes in Rajaei et al. (2023)].
In total, we list 892 endemic species for Iran, corre-
sponding to an endemicity rate of 19.7% (Appendix 2). As
can be observed in Fig. 2, over 70% of the endemic spe-
cies have been collected at altitudes between 1,000 and
3,000 m. Isolation, by reducing gene flow, is an impor-
tant driver of speciation, and higher per-species specia-
tion rates caused by increasing isolation with elevation
are assumed to be one of the most plausible explanations
for the globally consistent pattern of higher endemism at
Fig. 1. Summary of the statuses in Iran of the lepidopteran species listed in this catalogue.
4,518
294
93
24
1,262
0 500 1000 1500 20002500300035004000 4500 5000
Synonyms
Erroneous but probable
Erroneous
Unconfirmed
Resident
4,812
known species
117
erroneously
reported species
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70 LEPIDOPTERA IRANICA
Fig. 2. Elevational diversity gradients of the endemic Lepidoptera species of Iran. In (b), each dot represents a species record.
Fig. 3. Number of known Lepidoptera species per family in Iran.
-28
–
1,000
1,000
–
2,000
2,000
–
3,000
3,000
–
4,000
4,000
–
5,000
1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000
a b
<10
11–50
51–100
146
188
215
236
260
317
336
467
539
977
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
see list A
see list B
see list C
NYMPHALIDAE
COLEOPHORIDAE
LYCAENIDAE
GELECHIIDAE
TORTRICIDAE
CRAMBIDAE
EREBIDAE
PYRALIDAE
GEOMETRIDAE
NOCTUIDAE
List A: AUTOSTICHIDAE, COSSIDAE, DEPRESSARIIDAE, GRACILLARIIDAE, PIERIDAE, PTEROPHORIDAE, SESIIDAE, TINEIDAE, ZYGAENIDAE.
List B: ALUCITIDAE, AUTOSTICHIDAE, BRACHODIDAE, BUCCULATRICIDAE, COSMOPTERIGIDAE, COSSIDAE, DEPRESSARIIDAE, ELACHISTIDAE, GRACILLARIIDAE, HESPERIIDAE,
LASIOCAMPIDAE, MEESSIIDAE, NEPTICULIDAE, NOLIDAE, NOTODONTIDAE, OECOPHORIDAE, PAPILIONIDAE, PIERIDAE, PSYCHIDAE, PTEROPHORIDAE, SCYTHRIDIDAE,
SESIIDAE, SPHINGIDAE, TINEIDAE, YPSOLOPHIDAE, ZYGAENIDAE.
List C: ADELIDAE, ARGYRESTHIIDAE, BATRACHEDRIDAE, BEDELLIIDAE, BLASTOBASIDAE, BOMBYCIDAE, BRAHMAEIDAE, CARPOSINIDAE, CHOREUTIDAE, CIMELIIDAE, DOUGLASIIDAE,
DREPANIDAE, EPERMENIIDAE, EPIPYROPIDAE, ERIOCOTTIDAE, EUTELIIDAE, GALACTICIDAE, GLYPHIPTERIGIDAE, HELIODINIDAE, HELIOZELIDAE, HEPIALIDAE, LECITHOCERIDAE,
LIMACODIDAE, LYONETIIDAE, LYPUSIDAE, MICROPTERIGIDAE, MOMPHIDAE, PLUTELLIDAE, PTEROLONCHIDAE, SATURNIIDAE, STATHMOPODIDAE, TISCHERIIDAE,
USTYURTIIDAE, YPONOMEUTIDAE.
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RAJAEI ET AL.: GEN ERAL PATTERNS OF IR ANIAN LEPIDOPTER A 71
higher elevations (steinbaueR et al. 2016). Phylogenetic
evidence indicates that many high-elevation endemics
across the globe are phylogenetically young taxa result-
ing from recent rapid diversification, e.g., in the New Zea-
land Alps (WinKWoRtH et al. 2005), the Andes (HutteR
et al. 2013) and East Malaysia (MeRcKx et al. 2015). These
locali zed areas (i.e., type localities) can be used as a refe-
rence for future conservation initiatives.
Distribution of species within families
As can be observed in Appendix 1, some families are
more species-rich than others. However, this pattern could
simply be an artefact due to some taxonomic groups being
less studied (e.g., the microlepidopteran families) when
compared to other parts of the world (e.g., Europe or North
America). In contrast, some families (e.g., Zygaenidae, Cos-
Fig. 4. Data on Iranian Lepidoptera, subdivided by province. a. Map showing number of recorded species per province. b. Map show-
ing number of type localities per province. c. Bar chart showing number of recorded species per province.
c
104
827
591
661
262
462
103
400
1625
310
618
179
174
251
1385
895
262
399
451
784
746
1104
1296
606
441
543
443
631
746
679
103
1625
683
a b
c
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
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72 LEPIDOPTERA IRA NICA
sidae and nearly all Papilionoidea) are much better known.
Fig. 3 shows the number of species per family in Iran.
Horizontal and vertical distribution of
Lepidoptera species in Iran
Not only have some lepidopteran lineages been incom-
pletely studied in Iran (e.g., most microlepidopteran fami-
lies), but some provinces have been insufficiently explored
overall. The number of recorded species per province is
shown in Appendix 3 and Fig. 4, where it is clear that sev-
eral provinces (e.g., Ilam and Khorasan-e Jonubi) have
been largely neglected in past taxonomic surveys. Of note,
the Ilam province is located in a transitional zone between
the Zagros Mts. and the desert plains of Iraq, and poten-
tially contains a rich Lepidoptera fauna. Some other prov-
inces (e.g., Ardabil and Khorasan-e Shomali), although
much better studied, show a low number of type locali-
ties (Fig. 4b), which could be explained by intensive taxo-
nomic studies on the other side of the national borders of
Iran, e.g., in the Kopet-Dagh Mts. (Turkmenistan) and
Azerbaijan Mts. (Azerbaijan).
Most lepidopterous larvae feed on living plants, many
of them on a single plant species (monophagous) or a few
related species (oligophagous), and their distribution is
therefore dependent on the distribution of their host plants.
Areas with a high diversity of plants have, in most cases,
a correlatively high diversity of Lepidoptera. In some
fami lies of Lepidoptera (e.g., Gracillariidae, Tortrici-
dae and Geometridae), the larvae of a majority of species
feed on the leaves of deciduous trees. These families are
thus most diverse in forested areas such as mountains and
north-facing hills. The larvae of many species of Gelechi-
idae, Pyralidae and Noctuidae feed on low plants, often in
dry areas, and these families are most diverse in steppes
and semi-deserts.
References
HutteR, c. R., GuayasaMin, j. M. & Wiens, j. j. (2013): Explain-
ing Andean megadiversity: the evolutionary and ecological
causes of glassfrog elevational richness patterns. – Ecology
Letters 16: 1135 –1144.
ht t ps ://doi.or g /10.1111/ele.12148
MeRcKx, V. s. F. t., HendRi Ks, K. P., beentjes, K. K., Mennes,
c. b., becKi nG, l. e., PeijnenbuRG, K. t. c. a., aFendy, a.,
aRuMuGaM, n., boeR , H. de, biu n, a., buanG, M. M., cHen,
P.-P., cHunG, a. y. c., doW, R., Fei jen, F. a. a., Feij en, H.,
Feijen-Van soest, c., GeM l, j., GeuRts, R., GRaVendeel, b.,
HoVenKaMP, P., iM bun, P., iPoR, i., janssens, s. b., jocqué,
M., KaPPes, H., KHoo, e., KooMen, P., lens, F., MajaPun, R.
j., MoRGado, l. n., neuPane, s., nieseR, n., PeReiRa, j. t.,
RaHMa n, H., sabRan, s., saWanG, a., scHWallieR, R. M.,
sHiM, P.-s., sMit, H., sol, n., sPait, M., stecH, M., stoKVis,
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laKiM, M. & scH iltHuizen, M. (2015): Evolution of ende-
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Rajaei, H., aaRViK, L., aRnscHeid, W. R., baldizzone, G., baRtscH,
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U., buszKo, J., dubatoloV, V. V., eRlacHeR, S., esFandiaR i,
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R. V., zaHiRi, R., zeHzad, P., zelleR, H . C., zolotuHin, V. V. &
KaRsHolt, O. (2023a): Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of
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Iranica. – Integrative Systematics 6 (Special Issue): 121–459.
https://doi.org/10.18476/2023.997558.7
steinbaueR, M. j., Field, R., GRytnes, j.-a., tRiGas, P., aH-PenG,
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vation. – Global Ecology and Biogeography 25: 1097–1107.
ht t ps ://doi.or g /10.1111/geb.12 469
WinKWoRtH, R. c., WaGstaFF, s. j., Glenny, d. & locKHaRt, P. j.
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RAJAEI ET AL.: GEN ERAL PATTERNS OF IR ANIAN LEPIDOPTER A 73
Authors’ addresses:
1State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, D–70191 Stuttgart, Germany;
e-mails: hossein.rajaei@smns-bw.de (HR, corresponding author), sajad.noori@smns-bw.de (SN);
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3940-3734 (HR), https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9933-6713 (SN)
2Zoological Museum, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
e-mail: okarsholt@snm.ku.dk; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6969-2549
3Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa Plant Laboratory, Entomology Laboratory, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa K1A 0C6, Ontario,
Canada; e-mail: Reza.Zahiri@inspection.gc.ca; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6274-6973
ZooBank registration: https://zoobank.org/References/FE9D2120-CD95-4ACC-B2B5-0583C5242D39
Manuscript received: 11.X.2022; accepted: 10.I.2023.
Appendix 1. Number of resident species (R) within each Lepidoptera family in Iran. Species requiring further confirmation (U) are
also listed, together with erroneously reported species (E) and species erroneously reported but possibly occurring in the country
(EP). Endemic species are listed in the last column.
Nr. Family R U E EP Endemic
1 Micropterigidae 2 - - - -
2 Hepialidae 1 - - - -
3 Nepticulidae 33 2 - 1 -
4 Heliozelidae - 1 - - -
5 Adelidae 4 - - - -
6 Tischeriidae 4 1 - - -
7 Meessiidae 11 - - - 4
8 Psychidae 14 1 1 - 7
9 Eriocottidae 1 - - 1 -
10 Tineidae 66 7 - 1 9
11 Bucculatricidae 12 2 1 - 1
12 Gracillariidae 57 1 - - 4
13 Bedelliidae 2 - - - -
14 Heliodinidae 1 - - - -
15 Lyonetiidae 3 - - - 1
16 Argyresthiidae 5 1 - - 1
17 Yponomeutidae 4 - - - -
18 Ypsolophidae 12 1 - 1 3
19 Plutellidae 5 1 - - 3
20 Glyphipterigidae 4 - - - -
21 Douglasiidae 6 - - - -
22 Ustyurtiidae 1 - - - 1
23 Choreutidae 5 2 - - -
24 Galacticidae 2 - - - 1
25 Tortricidae 211 49 2 1 30
26 Cossidae 82 - 3 1 15
27 Sesiidae 55 4 4 - 12
28 Brachodidae 12 2 - - 3
29 Zygaenidae 74 - 2 - 38
30 Limacodidae 2 - - - -
31 Epipyropidae 1 - - - 1
32 Lecithoceridae 3 - - - 1
33 Autostichidae 59 1 1 - 36
34 Oecophoridae 9 8 - - 5
35 Lypusidae - 2 - - -
36 Depressariidae 65 10 - 1 8
Nr. Family R U E EP Endemic
37 Cosmopterigidae 32 1 - - 4
38 Gelechiidae 209 27 2 - 25
39 Pterolonchidae 1 - - - -
40 Elachistidae 12 - 1 - 5
41 Coleophoridae 181 7 - - 35
42 Batrachedridae 1 - - - -
43 Scythrididae 32 7 2 1 7
44 Stathmopodidae 5 - - - 1
45 Blastobasidae 1 - - - -
46 Momphidae 1 1 - - -
47 Alucitidae 11 1 - - 2
48 Pterophoridae 93 2 1 1 5
49 Carposinidae 2 1 1 - 2
50 Epermeniidae 7 - - - -
51 Hesperiidae 41 1 3 - -
52 Papilionidae 10 1 - - 2
53 Pieridae 53 2 4 1 6
54 Lycaenidae 208 7 10 2 61
55 Nymphalidae 140 6 7 - 13
56 Pyralidae 455 12 3 - 130
57 Crambidae 315 2 4 1 66
58 Cimeliidae 1 - - - -
59 Drepanidae 7 - 2 - -
60 Lasiocampidae 38 1 4 - 8
61 Brahmaeidae 4 1 - - 1
62 Bombycidae 1 - - - -
63 Saturniidae 4 3 - - -
64 Sphingidae 33 - 1 - -
65 Geometridae 474 65 9 4 114
66 Notodontidae 24 1 7 1 3
67 Erebidae 324 12 6 4 55
68 Euteliidae 2 - - - -
69 Nolidae 26 2 - - 1
70 Noctuidae 941 36 12 2 161
Totals 4,517 295 93 24 891
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74 LEPIDOPTERA IRANICA
ME ES SI IDA E (4)
Infurcitinea fasciella Gaedike, 1983
Infurcitinea megalopterella Petersen, 1964
Infurcitinea obscuroides Gaedike, 1983
Infurcitinea teheranensis Petersen, 1971
PSYCHIDAE (7)
Amicta davarica (Solyanikov, 2002)
Amicta lutensis Arnscheid, Rajaei & Sobczyk, 2021
Kalliesia irana Sobczyk, 2004
Oiketicoides schahkuhensis (Heylaerts, 1885)
Oiketicoides villosa (Brandt , 1938)
Placodoma eberti Arnscheid, 2020
Placodoma sobczyki Ar nscheid, 2020
TINEIDAE (9)
Anomalotinea iranica (Petersen & Gaedike, 1984)
Ateliotu m confusum Petersen, 1966
Edosa xerxes (Petersen & Gaedike, 1984)
Euplocamus schaeferi Amsel, 1959
Kermania pistaciella Am sel, 1964
Neurothaumasia brandti Petersen, 1966
Neurothaumasia maculata Petersen & Gaedike, 1996
Perissomastix falcata Petersen, 1988
Perissomastix laricola G ae di ke, 2019
BUCCULATRICIDAE (1)
Bucculatrix iranica D eschka , 1981
GRACILLARIIDAE (4)
Acrocercops iraniana Triber ti, 1989
Aspilap teryx magna Tr iberti, 1985
Phyllonorycter iranica Deschk a, 1979
Polymiti a laristana Tribe rti, 1986
LYONE TI IDA E (1)
Phyllobrostis farsensis Mey, 2 00 6
ARGYR ESTHI IDAE (1)
Argyresthia mirabiella Tol l, 194 8
YPSOLOPHIDAE (3)
Ochsenheimeria chorasanica Zagulajev, 1988
Ypsolopha k otzsch i (Toll, 1948)
Ypsolopha nervos ellum (Zern y, 1940)
PLU TE LLI DAE (3)
Baerenschenkia lamasi Mey, 2022
Deryaxenistis nekrutenkoi Mey, 2 022
Paraxenistis ammolofon Mey, 2022
USTYURTIIDAE (1)
Karwandania chimabacchella Amsel. 1959
GA LACT ICIDA E (1)
Zarcinia sp.
TOR TR ICIDA E (3 0)
Aethes de stituta Ra zowski, 1983
Aethes eberti Sutter & Karisch, 2004
Aethes kandovana Alipanah, 2009
Aethes luteopictana (Kennel, 1900)
Aethes persica Razowsk i, 1963
Aethes shakibai Huemer & Wieser, 2004
Argyroploce rhetorica Meyrick, 1920
Argyroploce vandarbana Osthelder, 1938
Choristoneura jecorana (Kennel, 1899)
Cnephasia razowskii Alipanah, 2019
Cochylimorpha brandti (Raz ows ki, 1963)
Cochylimorpha elegans (Razowski , 1963)
Cochylimorpha pirizanica (R azowski, 19 63)
Cochylimorpha scrophulana (R azowski, 1963)
Cochylimorpha wiltshirei (Ra zowsk i, 1963)
Cydia persica (Kuznetsov, 1968)
Diceratura keredjana Razowsk i, 1963
Diceratura teheranica Razowski, 1970
Dichrorampha iranica Danilevsky & Kuznetsov, 1968
Epinotia safidana Ra zowski, 1963
Eucosma persiae Razowski, 1963
Gypsonoma ochrotona Razowsk i, 1963
Hedya tritofa Alipanah & Baixeras, 2011
Pammene caliginosa Kuznetsov, 1972
Pammene festiva Kuznetsov, 1972
Phtheochroa purissima (Osthelder, 1938)
Thiodia confusana Kuznetsov, 1972
Thiodia elbursica Kuznetsov, 1972
Zeiraphera smaragdina Ra zowski, 1963
Zelotherses conscia (Ra zows ki, 1981)
COS SIDAE (15 )
Barchaniella mus (Grum-Grshimailo, 1902)
Cossulus irani (Daniel, 1937)
Cossulus kopetdaghensis Yakovlev & Alipanah, 2021
Cossulus zoroastres (Grum-Grshimailo, 1902)
Dyspessa alipanahae Yakovlev, 2008
Dyspessa ariadne Yakovlev, 2008
Dyspessa derbenti Daniel, 1964
Dyspessa elbursensis Daniel, 1964
Dyspessa serica Brandt, 1938
Dyspessa zurvan Yakovlev, 2008
Holcocerus witti Yakovlev, Saldaitis & Ivinskis, 2007
Isoceras teheranica Da niel, 1971
Meharia avicenna Yakov lev, 2 011
Meharia baluchestana Alipanah & Yakovlev, 2021
Meharia tancredii Sutto n, 1963
SESIIDAE (12)
Bembecia molleti Kallies & Špatenka, 2003
Chamaesphecia adelpha Le Cerf, 1946
Chamaesphecia fredi Le Cerf, 1938
Chamaesphecia inexpectata (Le Cerf, 1938)
Chamaesphecia keili Kallies & Špatenka, 2003
Chamaesphecia leucocnemis Le Cerf, 1938
Chamaesphecia leucoparea (Lederer, 1853)
Chamaesphecia sefid Le Cerf, 1938
Chamaesphecia thomyris Le Cerf, 1938
Chamaesphecia xantho Le Cerf, 1937
Dipchasphecia consobrina (Le Cerf, 1938)
Tinthia mianjangalica Lastuvk a, 19 95
BR ACH ODI DAE (3)
Brachodes formosa (Amsel, 1953)
Brachodes monotona (Amsel, 1953)
Brachodes rhagensis (Lederer, 1870)
ZYGAENIDAE (38)
Jordanita christinae Keil, 1998
Jordanita rietzschi Keil , 2016
Rhagades brandti (Alberti, 1938)
Rhagades tarmanni Keil, 1999
Zygaena aisha Naumann & Naumann, 1980
Zygaena bakhtiyari Hofmann & Tremewa n, 2005
Zygaena cacuminum Christoph, 1877
Zygaena chirazica Reis s, 1938
Zygaena christa Reiss & Schulte, 1967
Zygaena ecki Christoph, 1882
Zygaena esseni Blom , 1973
Zygaena fredi Reiss, 1938
Zygaena fusca Hofmann, 2000
Zygaena ginnereissi Hofmann, 2000
Zygaena kermanensis Tremewan, 1975
Zygaena manlia Lederer, 1870
Zygaena mirzayansi Hofmann & Keil, 2011
Zygaena naumanni Hille & Keil, 1999
Zygaena nocturna Ebert, 1974
Zygaena pseudorubricundus Klir & Naumann, 2002
Appendix 2. List of endemic Lepidoptera species in Iran, sorted by family.
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RAJAEI ET AL.: GEN ERAL PATTERNS OF IR ANIAN LEPIDOPTER A 75
Zygaena seitzi Rei ss, 1938
Zygaena sengana Holik & Sheljuzh ko, 1956
Zygaena speciosa Reiss, 1937
Zygaena tenhagenova Hofmann, 2005
Zygaenoprocris duskei (Grum-Grshimailo, 1902)
Zygaenoprocris efetovi Mollet & Tarmann, 2007
Zygaenoprocris fredi (Alber ti, 1939)
Zygaenoprocris hasarani Keil, 2020
Zygaenoprocris hofmanni Mollet & Tarmann, 2007
Zygaenoprocris khorassana (Albert i, 1939)
Zygaenoprocris kliri Keil, 2002
Zygaenoprocris molleti Keil, 2020
Zygaenoprocris persepolis (Albe rti, 1938)
Zygaenoprocris puschmanni Keil, 2020
Zygaenoprocris rjabovi (Albert i, 1938)
Zygaenoprocris schahdadiani Keil, 2020
Zygaenoprocris taftana (Alberti, 1939)
Zygaenoprocris valii Keil, 2020
EPIPYROPIDAE (1)
Epimesophantia dlabolai Krampl, 1983
LECITHOCERIDAE (1)
Lecithocera persica Goz mány, 1978
AUTOSTICHIDAE (36)
Acrosyntaxis anagramma Goz mány, 20 08
Acrosyntaxis cyclacantha Gozmá ny, 2008
Acrosyntaxis micracantha Gozmány, 2 008
Acrosyntaxis pilatus (Gozmány, 1963)
Acrosyntaxis rhyparast is Goz mány, 20 08
Amselina adornata Gozm án y, 2008
Amselin a odynera Gozmány, 2008
Amselina stagonophora Goz mány, 2008
Concordaxis convergens Go zmány, 200 8
Cyllaraxis cambyses Gozmány, 2000
Cyllaraxis cyrus Gozmány, 2000
Dysspastus mucronatus Goz mány, 2008
Orpecacantha multispina Gozmá ny, 2008
Orpecacantha pardalis Gozmá ny, 2 008
Orpecovalva effendi (D ozmá ny, 1963)
Orpecovalva eremita (Gozmány, 1963)
Orpecovalva singularis Gozm ány, 2008
Orpecovalva wiltshirei (Gozmány, 1963)
Symmoca capnistis Goz mány, 2008
Symmoca euxantha Goz mány, 20 08
Symmoca forsteri (Gozmá ny, 1963)
Symmoca maga (Goz mány, 1963)
Symmoca megalomera Gozmány, 20 08
Symmoca mithra (Go zmán y, 1963)
Symmoca mithridates (Goz mány, 1963)
Symmoca multigrassa G oz mány, 2008
Symmoca persica (Goz mány, 1963)
Symmoca sahname (Gozmány, 1963)
Symmoca satrapa (Goz má ny, 1963)
Symmoca sefidica Gozm ány, 2008
Symmoca shahriar Goz má ny, 2008
Symmoca sheherezade (Gozmány, 1963)
Symmoca sindbad (Gozmány, 1963)
Symmoca squalida Gozmány, 2 008
Symmoca striolatella Gozmá ny, 1963
Symmoca vojnitsi Gozmá ny, 2008
OECOPHORIDAE (5)
Pleurota delattinia Back, 1973
Pleurota gnathella Back, 1973
Pleurota lineata Toll , 1947
Pleurota media Back, 1973
Pleurota persica Back, 1973
DEPRESSARIIDAE (8)
Agonopterix bakriella Amsel, 1958
Agonopterix demissella Hannemann, 1958
Agonopterix elbursella Hannemann, 1976
Agonopterix miyanella Am sel, 1972
Ethmia alba (Amsel, 1949)
Ethmia derbendella Sattler, 1967
Ethmia persica Kun, 2007
Ethmia sattleri Kun, 2007
COSMOPTERIGIDAE (4)
Ascalenia imbella Ka sy, 1974
Ascalenia sirjanella Ka sy, 1975
Pseudascalenia abbasella K as y, 1974
Vulcaniella schultzendorffi (Amsel, 1959)
GELECHIIDAE (25)
Agnippe separatella Bidzilya & Li, 2010
Anarsia belutschistanella (Amsel, 1959)
Deltophora beatrix Sattler, 1979
Filatima armata Bidzilya & Huemer, 2022
Gnorimoschema elbursicum Povolny, 1984
Megacraspedus golestanicus Huemer & Karsholt, 2018
Microlechia iranica (Povolný, 1976)
Ornativalva plicella Sattler, 1976
Ornativalva roseosuffusella Sattler, 1967
Ornativalva rufipuncta Sattler, 1976
Scrobipalpa albostriata Povol ný, 1977
Scrobipalpa cryptica Povolný, 1969
Scrobipalpa helmuti Povol ny, 1977
Scrobipalpa kasyvar tianella Povolný, 19 67
Scrobipalpa laisinca Pov olný, 1976
Scrobipalpa nigromaculata (Povolný, 2002)
Scrobipalpa optima Povolný, 1969
Scrobipalpa otregata Pov ol ný, 1972
Scrobipalpa scrobipalpulina Povolný, 1967
Spiniphallellus eberti Bidzilya & Karsholt, 2019
Stomopteryx pallidella Amsel, 1959
Struempelia renatella A msel, 1977
Telphusa pistaciae Sattler, 1982
Tricerophora acutivalva Bidzilya & Mey, 2018
Vladimirea stepicola Povol ný, 1976
ELACHISTIDAE (5)
Elachista aeruginosa Parenti, 1981
Elachista cornuta Parenti, 1981
Elachista derbendi Parenti, 1981
Elachista semnani Parenti, 1981
Haplochrois sinevi (Baldizzone, 1993)
COLEOPHORIDAE (35)
Coleophora accadica Baldizzone, 1994
Coleophora aculeata Baldizzone, 1994
Coleophora amphorella Baldizzone, 1994
Coleophora aporiella Baldizzone, 1989
Coleophora carmaniae Baldizzone, 1994
Coleophora coronata Baldizzone, 1994
Coleophora darica Baldizzone, 1994
Coleophora decoratella Tol l, 19 59
Coleophora elamita Baldizzone, 1994
Coleophora elbursella Baldizzone, 1994
Coleophora eumorphella Baldizzone, 1994
Coleophora f labelligerella Rebel, 1919
Coleophora flammea Baldizzone, 1994
Coleophora fusca To ll, 1952
Coleophora ganglionella Baldizzone, 1994
Coleophora hatamae Toll , 195 9
Coleophora hieratica Baldizzone, 1994
Coleophora inclita Baldizzone, 1994
Coleophora inopinata Baldizzone, 1994
Coleophora kande vanella Tol l, 1952
Coleophora kitella Baldizzone, 1994
Coleophora kotalensis Baldizzone, 1994
Coleophora makuensis Baldizzone, 1994
Coleophora minutula Baldizzone, 1994
Coleophora monstruosa Baldizzone, 1994
Coleophora namakella Amsel , 1977
Coleophora ovata Baldizzone, 1994
Coleophora parthica Baldizzone, 1994
Coleophora persana Baldizzone, 1990
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76 LEPIDOPTERA IR ANICA
Coleophora rostrata Baldizzone, 1994
Coleophora schaeuffeleella Toll , 1959
Coleophora schahkuhensis Toll , 195 2
Coleophora simplex Baldizzone, 1994
Coleophora sivandella To ll, 1959
Coleophora sobria Baldizzone, 1994
SCYTHRIDIDAE (7)
Scythris alborzensis Passerin d’Ent rèves & Roggero, 2011
Scythris ampullella Passeri n d’Entrèves & Roggero, 2012
Scythris bifasciella Passerin d’Ent rèves & Roggero, 2011
Scythris elburzi Passerin d’Entrèves & Roggero, 2008
Scythris ethmiella Amsel, 1974
Scythris farsi Passerin d’Entrèves, 2009
Scythris tridentata Passerin d’Entrèves & Roggero, 2012
STATHMOPODIDAE (1)
Tortilia pallidella Ka sy, 1973
ALUCIT IDAE (2)
Alucita iranensis Scholz & Jäckh, 1994
Tephroniopsis geometridalis Am sel, 1961
PT ERO PHO RI DAE (5)
Agdistis iranica Alipanah & Ustjuzhanin, 2007
Calyciphora golestanica Alipanah & Ustjuzhanin, 2005
Marasmarcha iranica Arenberger, 1999
Merrifieldia farsi (Arenberger, 1981)
Tabulaephorus djebeli (Arenberger, 1981)
CARPOSINIDAE (2)
Carposina ekbatana Amsel, 19 78
Carposina roesle ri Amsel, 1977
PAPILIONIDAE (2)
Allancastria louristana (Le Cerf, 1908)
Archon bostanchii de Freina & Naderi, 2003
PIERIDAE (6)
Anthocharis carolinae Back, 2005
Colias sagartia Lederer, 1869
Euchloe lessei Bernardi, 1957
Euchloe persica Verit y, 1908
Euchloe ziayani Leestmans & Back, 2001
Pieris persis Ver ity, 1922
LYCAENIDAE (61)
Agriades aegagrus (Christoph, 1874)
Callophrys farsica ten Hagen, 2009
Callophrys mystaphioides Krupitsky & Kolesnichenko, 2013
Callophrys naderii ten Hagen, 2008
Glaucopsyche hazerii Karbalaye & Harandi, 2007
Lycaena lamponides (Sta udi ng er, 19 01)
Neolysandra corona (Ve rit y, 1936)
Neolysandra fereiduna Skala, 2002
Plebejus afshar Eckweiler, 1998
Plebejus alizadehorum Bálint & Karbalaye, 2020
Plebejus ardashir (Eckweiler, 1998)
Plebejus callaghani (Carbonell & Naderi, 2007)
Plebejus montetaftanus (ten Hagen & Schurian, 2001)
Plebejus va nek i (Weidenhoffer & Klir 2000)
Polyommatus achaemenes Skala, 2002
Polyommatus aereus Eckweiler, 1998
Polyommatus ahmadi (Carbonell, 2001)
Polyommatus ardschira (Brandt, 1938)
Polyommatus baltazardi (de Lesse, 1963)
Polyommatus barmifiruze (Carbonell, 2000)
Polyommatus birunii Eckweiler & ten Hagen, 1998
Polyommatus caerulea (Staudi nger, 18 71)
Polyommatus darius Eckweiler & ten Hagen, 1998
Polyommatus demavendi (Pfeiffer, 1938)
Polyommatus dizinensis (Schurian, 1982)
Polyommatus eckweileri ten Hagen, 1998
Polyommatus esfahensis (Carbonell, 2000)
Polyommatus faramarzii (Ska la, 2 001)
Polyommatus femininoides (Eckweiler, 1987)
Polyommatus forsteri (Pfeiffer, 1938)
Polyommatus hamadanensis (de Lesse, 1959)
Polyommatus kashani Eckweiler, 2013
Polyommatus kendevani (Forster, 1956)
Polyommatus kermansis (de Lesse, 1963)
Polyommatus klausschuriani ten Hagen, 1999
Polyommatus lorestanus Eckweiler, 1997
Polyommatus lori Eckweiler, 2013
Polyommatus luna Eckweiler, 2002
Polyommatus masulensis ten Hagen & Schurian, 2000
Polyommatus mofidii (de Lesse, 1963)
Polyommatus morgani (Le Cerf, 1909)
Polyommatus musa Koçak & Hosseinpour, 1996
Polyommatus paulae Wiemers & De Prins, 2004
Polyommatus peilei Bethune-Baker, 1921
Polyommatus pfeifferi (Brandt, 1938)
Polyommatus posthumus (Christoph, 1877)
Polyommatus pseudoxerxes (Forste r, 196 0)
Polyommatus sennanensis (de Lesse, 1959)
Polyommatus sephidarensis Karbalaye, 2008
Polyommatus shahkuhensis Lukhtanov et al., 2008
Polyommatus shahrami Skala, 2 001
Polyommatus shirkuhensis ten Hagen & Eckweiler, 2001
Polyommatus sorkhensis Eckweiler, 2003
Polyommatus stempfferi (Brandt , 1938)
Polyommatus tenhageni Schurian & Eckweiler, 1999
Polyommatus urmiaensis Schurian & ten Hagen, 2003
Polyommatus xerxes (Staudinger, 1899)
Polyommatus zarathustra Eckweiler, 1997
Polyommatus zardensis Schurian & ten Hagen 2001
Satyrium persepolis Eckweiler & ten Hagen, 2003
Satyrium sassanides (Kol lar, [1849])
NYMPHALIDAE (13)
Chazara mortezai Carbonell & Leestmans, 2000
Hyponephele shirazica Carbonell, 1997
Melanargia evartianae Wagener, 1976
Melitaea abbas Gross & Eber t, 1975
Melitaea casta Kolla r, [1849]
Melitaea consulis Wilt sh ire, 1941
Melitaea eberti Koçak, 1980
Melitaea jitka D. Weiss & Major, 2000
Melitaea sarvistana Wilt shire , 19 41
Melitaea saxatilis Christoph, 1874
Melitaea semicon sulis Coutsis, van Oorschot & Naderi, 2014
Melitaea shahvarica Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay, 2022
Satyrus astyages Skala, 2003
PYRALIDAE (130)
Acrobasis bouchirella (Amsel, 1951)
Acrobasis mirabiella (Toll, 1948)
Acrobasis persicella (Amsel, 1951)
Acrobasis zamantha (Roesler, 1987)
Acteniopsis gambronensis Alipanah & Asselbergs, 2018
Aglossa simplicialis Christoph, 1893
Amechedia herlina Roesler, 1989
Ancylosis canella Roesler, 1973
Ancylosis decentella ( Rago not, 1887)
Ancylosis externella Roesler, 1973
Ancylosis iranella Ragonot, 1887
Ancylosis kazer unella Roesler, 1973
Ancylosis persicella (A msel, 1961)
Anemmalocera flave scentella Am sel, 1961
Anerastia infumella Ragonot, 188 7
Ardekanopsis g riseella Amsel, 1954
Arsenaria indistinctalis (Amsel, 1949)
Arsenaria strictalis (Amsel, 19 49)
Arsissa firu sella (Amsel , 19 61)
Asalebria alida Roesler, 1988
Asalebria pallidisig nata (Toll, 1948)
Asaluria reisseri Amsel, 1958
Asclerobia tchahabarella (Amsel, 1950)
Benderia talhouki Amsel, 1949
Bostra bifascialis Amsel, 1950
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Bostra farsalis Amsel, 1950
Bostra fuscella Amsel, 1959
Bostra pseudospaniella Amsel, 1951
Coleocornutia ecbataniella Am sel, 1961
Coleocornutia shirazella Am sel, 1961
Dalakia uniformella Amsel, 1961
Dentitegumia dhana Roesler, 1989
Dentitegumia sir jana Roesler, 1989
Dioryctria stenopterella Amsel, 1961
Ecbatania alvandella Am sel, 1961
Elegia kh arazii Alipanah & Slamka, 2021
Ematheudes persicella (Am sel, 1961)
Epiparthia constituta Roesler, 1989
Epischnia unicornutella Am sel, 1961
Eurhodope hyrcanella Amsel, 1954
Eurhodope mira Amsel, 1954
Euzophera comeella Roesler, 1973
Euzophera derbendicola Roesler, 1973
Euzophera eburnella Amsel, 1954
Euzophera flagella (Lederer, 1869)
Faver ia tchourouma (A msel, 1961)
Gymnancyla iranella Alipanah & Asselbergs, 2014
Homoeosoma obatricostella Ra gonot, 1887
Hypotia brandti (Amsel, 1949)
Hypotia colchicaloides (Amsel, 1949)
Hypotia infascialis (Am sel, 1949)
Hypotia metasialis (Amsel, 1954)
Hypotia mimicralis (Amsel, 1951)
Hypotia povolnyi (Amsel, 1975)
Hypotia rectangula (Amsel, 1954)
Keradere geminella (Amsel, 1954)
Khachia albicostella Am sel, 1961
Khuzistania richteri Amsel, 1959
Laristania iranella (Amsel, 1954)
Laristania khorassanella (Amsel, 1950)
Laristania sardzella Amsel, 1951
Laristania taftanella (Amsel, 1954)
Lepidogma hyrcanalis Ams el, 1961
Loryma bilin ealis (A msel , 1961)
Makrania belutschistanella Amsel, 1959
Makrania benderella A ms el, 1961
Morosaphycita cornutella (Amsel, 1951)
Myelois conformella Amsel, 1951
Myelois demawendella Zer ny, 1939
Myelois paucipunctella Zern y, 1939
Myrlaea pittionii (Amsel, 1950)
Nephopterix macrocirtensis Amsel, 1954
Nephopterix minimella Amsel, 1954
Nephopterix oxybiella Amsel, 1950
Neurotomia belutschistanella (Amsel, 1961)
Ocrisiodes antiopa Roesler, 1988
Ocrisiodes bamella (Amsel, 1958)
Ocrisiodes keredjella Amsel, 1961
Ocrisiodes occulta Roesler, 1990
Ocrisiodes polyptychella (R agonot , 1887)
Ocrisiodes senganella (A msel, 1961)
Ocrisiodes sesamella Roesler, 1988
Ormudzia cameratella Amsel, 1954
Palpusopsis roseella Amsel, 1959
Paraemporia monotona Amsel, 1951
Parasefidia benderella Amsel, 1950
Parasefidia comeella (Amsel, 1951)
Pempelia caspiella (Amsel, 1959)
Pempelia pallidella (Toll, 1948)
Pempelia tarella (Zern y, 1939)
Peoria costella Amsel, 1954
Peoria ematheudella Amsel, 1954
Phycita ardekanella Amsel, 1950
Phycita balutchistanella Amsel, 1950
Phycita comeella Amsel, 1950
Phycita hyrcanella Ams el, 1961
Phycita mianella Amsel, 1950
Phycita persarum (Toll, 1948)
Phycita pirizanella Amsel, 1954
Phycita taftanella Amsel, 1950
Phycitodes binaloudella (Am sel, 1961)
Pima keredjella (Amsel, 1954)
Pima milka (Roesler, 1990)
Pirizania salebrosella Amsel, 1954
Pirizanodes farsella A msel , 1961
Polyochodes albidiscella (Amsel, 1954)
Polyochodes farsella (Amsel, 1951)
Polyochodes sefidella (Amsel, 1954)
Praerhinaphe monotona Amsel, 1954
Pristocerella solskyi (Christoph, 1877
Prorophora senganella (Amsel, 1951)
Psorosa elbursella Amsel, 1954
Psorosa mechedella Amsel, 1954
Psorosodes dalakiella Amsel, 1954
Salebriodes ephestiella Amsel, 1950
Sareptania rectangulella (Amsel, 1950)
Sclerobiodes persica Amsel, 1951
Scotomera comealis (Amsel, 1951)
Scotomera kirmanialis (A msel , 1961)
Scotomera laristanalis (A msel, 1961)
Scotomera luteocostalis (Amsel, 1950)
Scotomera shirazalis (A msel , 1961)
Sefidia persica Amsel, 1950
Selagia disclusella Ragonot, 1887
Shirazia monotona Amsel, 1954
Stemmatophora persica (Amsel, 19 49)
Stemmatophora schwingenschussi Zer ny, 1939
Synaphe unifascialis (Amsel, 1961)
Tenellopsis microphycita Amsel , 1961
Zitha mira (Amsel, 1951)
CRAMBIDAE (66)
Aeschremon belutschistanalis Amsel, 1959
Aeschremon tenalis A msel, 1961
Agriphila bleszynskiella A msel, 1961
Agriphila microselasella Błesz yńsk i, 1959
Anania rudalis (Zerny, 1939)
Anarpia iranella (Z erny, 1939)
Aporodes pygmaealis A msel, 1961
Catoptria pfeifferi (Osthelder, 1938)
Cybalomia dentilinealis Am sel, 1961
Elbursia stocki Amsel, 1950
Ephelis belutschistanalis (Amsel, 1961)
Ephelis mirabilis (Amsel, 1959) (Emprepes)
Ephelis palealis (Amsel, 1949) (Emprepes)
Epimetasia abbasalis Am sel, 1974
Euchromius keredjella (Amsel, 1949)
Euchromius malekalis Am sel, 1961
Evergesti s affinis Amsel, 1951
Evergesti s comealis A msel, 1961
Evergesti s elbursalis Am sel, 1961
Evergesti s laristanalis Amsel, 1961
Evergesti s petasalis Ze rny, 1939
Evergesti s shirazalis Amsel, 1954
Evergesti s tenuiscriptalis Re bel , 1903
Fredia tchahbaharia Am sel, 1961
Glyphodes interruptalis (Amsel, 1950)
Herpetogramma fascinalis (Amsel, 1950)
Iranarpia albalis (Am se l, 1961)
Iranarpia silacealis (Amsel, 1951)
Iranomecyna dimorphalis (Am sel, 1961)
Krombia minimella Amsel, 1961
Loxostege alticolalis (Christoph, 1877)
Loxostege mira Amsel, 1951
Loxostege nissalis (A msel, 1961)
Loxostege shirazalis A msel , 1961
Margaretania superba Amsel, 1961
Mecyna albalis A msel, 1961
Mecyna grisealis Amsel, 1961
Mecyna indist inctalis Am sel, 1961
Mecyna sefidalis (Amsel, 1950)
Mesolia alborzella Bassi, 2013
Metasia alvandalis Am sel, 1961
Metasia belutschistanalis Ams el, 1961
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78 LEPIDOPTERA IRANICA
Metasia comealis Ams el, 1961
Metasia farsalis Amsel, 1961
Metasia laristanalis Am sel, 1961
Metasia sefidalis Amsel, 1961
Metaxme ste elbursana (Am sel, 1961)
Metaxme ste staudingeri (Christoph, 1872)
Mukia nigroanalis Amsel, 1954
Palpita persicalis (Amsel, 1951)
Pyrausta laristanalis A msel , 1961
Pyrausta nanalis (Christoph, 1888)
Pyrausta pionalis Tol l, 194 8
Pyrausta taftanalis Amsel, 1961
Scoparia saerdabella Osthelder, 1938
Sitochroa urmiensis Alipanah, 2020
Syrianarpia elburzalis Alipanah & Gianti, 2017
Syrianarpia kasyi Leraut, 1984
Tegostoma marginalis A msel, 1961
Titanio ecbataniella Amsel, 1958
Titanio hyrcanella Amsel, 1950
Tulaya margelana (Bethune-Baker, 1893)
Tulaya staudingeri (Bethune-Baker, 1893)
Udea ardekanalis Am sel, 1961
Udea mechedalis (Amsel, 1950)
Udea pyraustiformis (Toll, 1948)
LASIOCAMPIDAE (8)
Chilena laristana Daniel, 1949
Chondrostega darius Wiltshire, 1952
Giselea pistaciae (Wiltshire, 1952)
Pachygastria herzi (Christoph, 1888)
Pachypasa hausmanni Prozorov et al., 2022
Phyllodesma farahae Lajonquière, 1963
Poecilocampa neka Zolotuhin & Zahiri, 2010
Sena cuneata (Brandt, 1938) (Chilena)
BRAHMAEIDAE (1)
Lemonia tamara Antoshin & Zolotuhin, 2013
GEO ME TR IDAE ( 114)
Abraxas we hrlii Bytinski-Salz & Brandt, 1937
Alcis fredi (Wehrli, 1941)
Charissa ali (Brandt, 1938)
Charissa argillata (Brandt, 1938)
Charissa asymmetra (Wehrli, 1936)
Charissa pelengi (Brandt, 1938)
Charissa subtila ( Brandt, 1938)
Charissa taftana (Bran dt, 1941)
Crocallis mirabica Bra ndt, 1941
Dicrognophos anophaea (We hrli, 1939)
Dicrognophos culminata (Brandt, 1938)
Dicrognophos elahi (Brandt, 1938)
Dicrognophos eurytiches ( Brand t, 1941)
Dicrognophos gorgata (Bran dt, 1938)
Dicrognophos snelleni (Christoph, 1887)
Docirava palumbata Mentz er, 1981
Ecleora brandti (Wehrli, 1941)
Ennomos fraxineti Wiltshire, 1947
Ennomos vartianae László, 2018
Ennomos zandi Wilt shire , 1947
Entephria catochra (Prout, 1939)
Epitherina rhodopoleos Wehrli, 1938
Erannis caspica Laszlo, 2003
Euphyia chalusata Wiltshire, 1970
Euphyia farsica Br andt, 1941
Euphyia khorassana (Bran dt, 1941)
Euphyia obvallata (Lederer, [1871])
Euphyia scopulata Brandt , 1938
Eupithecia aduncata Brandt, 1938
Eupithecia aequabila Bra ndt, 1938
Eupithecia aradjouna Brandt, 1938
Eupithecia asperata Brandt , 1938
Eupithecia basurmanca Mironov & Ratzel, 2012
Eupithecia brandti Mironov & Ratzel, 2012
Eupithecia cheituna Brandt, 1938
Eupithecia edaphopteryx Vojnits, 1988
Eupithecia elbursi Vojnits, 1988
Eupithecia elbursiata Schütze, 1960
Eupithecia forsterata Schütze, 196 0
Eupithecia frontosa Br andt , 1941
Eupithecia fuscopunctata Brandt, 1938
Eupithecia harenosa Bran dt, 1938
Eupithecia husseini Brandt, 1938
Eupithecia inexercita Vojnits, 1982
Eupithecia keredjan a Brandt , 1938
Eupithecia laterata Dietze, 1904
Eupithecia mahomedana Brandt, 1938
Eupithecia montanata Brandt , 1938
Eupithecia persidis Mironov & Ratzel, 2012
Eupithecia pfeifferat a Schü tze, 196 0
Eupithecia problematicata Schüt ze, 1960
Eupithecia prouti Bytinski-Salz & Brandt, 1937
Eupithecia ridiculata Bra ndt , 1938
Eupithecia sectila Brandt, 1938
Eupithecia siata Brandt, 1938
Eupithecia tarensis Schwingenschuss, 1939
Eupithecia truschi Mironov & Ratzel, 2012
Eupithecia undulifera Schwingenschuss, 1939
Eupithecia zagrosata Mironov & Ratzel, 2012
Gnopharmia kasrunensis Wehr li, 19 39
Gnophosema palumba Brandt, 1938
Heterobapta plumellata Wilt shire, 1943
Heteroculpinia pasargades (Br andt, 1938)
Heteroculpinia prouti (Brandt, 1938)
Idaea persica (B randt , 19 41)
Idaea persidis (Wiltshire, 1966)
Idaea wiltshirei (Brandt, 1938)
Isturgia sengana (Brandt, 1940)
Isturgia suleiman (Wehrli, 1936)
Isturgia tengistanica (Bra ndt, 1938)
Isturgia wehrlii (Brandt, 1940)
Lithostege buxtoni Pro ut, 1920
Lithostege kiabii Ra jae i, 2011
Lithostege samandooki Raja ei, 2011
Lithostege stadiei Le hma nn, 2011
Nebula longipennis (B randt, 19 41)
Nebula reclamata (Prout, 1914)
Nebula saidabadi (Br andt , 1941)
Nebula vartianata (Wiltshire, 1970)
Neognopharmia horhammeri (Brandt, 1838)
Nychiodes admirabila Bra ndt, 1938
Nychiodes farinosa Brandt, 1938
Nychiodes leviata Bra ndt, 1938
Nychiodes mirzayansi Wanke, Hausmann & Rajaei, 2020
Nychiodes subfusca Brand t, 1938
Nychiodes subvirida Brandt, 1938
Nyssiodes rhodopolitis Wehr li , 1939
Ourapteryx meinek ei Rajaei & Kollhorst, 2021
Pasiphila palaearctica (Brandt, 1938)
Photoscotosia antitypa Br andt, 1941
Protorhoe tangaba (Wiltshire, 1952)
Rhodostrophia iranica Schwingenschuss, 1939
Rhodostrophia nesam Bra ndt , 1938
Rhodostrophia tabestana Trusch & Hausmann, 2007
Rhodostrophia tumulosa Brandt, 1938
Rhodostrophia vahabzadehi Rajaei, Hausmann & Trusch, 2022
Sabzia graminaria (Kollar, 1850)
Scodionista gyulai Weisert, 2009
Scopula benign a (Brandt, 1941)
Scopula bullata (Vojnits, 1986)
Scopula chalcographata (Brandt, 1938)
Scopula gracilis (Brandt, 1941)
Scopula hoerhammeri Br andt , 1941
Scopula iranaria Bytinski-Salz & Brandt, 1937
Scopula lactarioides Bra ndt, 1941
Scopula orbeorum (Hausmann, 1996)
Scopula origalis (Brandt, 1941)
Scotopteryx decolor (Schwingenschuss, 1939)
Scotopteryx fuscofasciata (Brandt , 1938)
Scotopteryx kurmanjiana Rajaei & László, 2014
Scotopteryx sterilis (Pr out , 1938)
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RAJAEI ET AL.: GEN ERAL PATTERNS OF IR ANIAN LEPIDOPTER A 79
Selidosema jowzakensis Weisert, 2009
Synopsia centralis (Wiltshire, 1966)
Thetidia recta (Bran dt, 1941)
NOT ODO NTIDA E (3)
Cerur a kautti Schintlmeister, 2008
Furcula tu rbida (Br andt, 1938)
Ptilophora sp. n.
ER EBI DAE (5 5)
Amata aserbeidjana (de Freina, 1982)
Amata beluchistana de Freina, 2008
Amata dinara de Fr ei na 2010
Amata harandii de Freina & Naderi, 2008
Amata hyrcana (Bang-Haas, 1912)
Amata kamarana de Freina, 2010
Amata kordestana de Freina & ten Hagen, 2003
Amata naderii de Freina, 2 010
Amata persica (Kollar, 1849)
Anydrophila banghaasi Brandt, 1939
Anydrophila distincta Brandt, 1939
Anydrophila hoerhammeri Brandt, 1939
Autophila cinnamonea Ronkay, 1989
Autophila clara Wiltshire, 1952
Autophila deleta Benedek & Ronkay, 2001
Autophila eurytaenia Boursi n, 1963
Autophila iranica Ronkay, 1989
Autophila plattneri Boursi n, 1955
Autophila sinesafida Wilt shire , 1952
Autophila umbr ifera (Kol lar, 184 8)
Catephia cana (Brand t, 1939)
Catocala fredi Bytinski-Salz & Brandt, 1937
Catocala luscinia Bra ndt, 1938
Chionoxantha margarita Brandt, 1938
Chionoxantha minutissima Hacker & Ebert, 2002
Chionoxantha nobilis Hacker & Ebert, 2002
Clytie devissima Hacker & Gyulai, 2013
Ebertarctia nordstroemi (Brandt , 1947 )
Eublemma aftob (Brandt, 1938)
Eublemma agnella (Brandt, 1938)
Eublemma argenteanea Hacker, 2019
Eublemma caelestis (Brandt, 1938)
Eublemma fugitiva (Christoph, 1877)
Eublemma jocularis (Christoph, 1877)
Eublemma microptera (Br andt, 1939)
Eublemma murati (Bra ndt, 1939)
Eublemma nives (Brandt, 1938)
Eublemma popovi (Wiltshire, 1953)
Eublemma pseudepistrota (Brandt , 1938)
Eublemma pseudoviridis (Bra ndt, 1939)
Eublemma taftana (Bra ndt, 1941)
Hyrcahypena schwingenschussi Wagn er, 1937
Lygephil a fereidun Wiltshire, 1961
Micronola irani Fib iger, 2011
Micronola zahirii Fib iger, 2011
Ocnerogyia pasargadae de Freina, 2012
Odice keyserling i (Biener t, 1869)
Parocneria audeoudi Brandt, 1938
Parocneria insolita Brand t, 1938
Pelosia uniformis Rothschild, 1921
Zanclostathme elbursalis Dr audt, 1937
Zethes brandti Janson, 1977
Zethes narghisa Brand t, 1938
Zethes nemea Brandt, 1938
Zethes zahedanica Gyulai, 2022
NOL IDA E (1)
Nola venusta (Br andt, 1938)
NOCTUIDAE (162)
Abrostola hyrcanica Hacker, 2002
Acrobyla draudti (Bra ndt, 1939)
Acronicta saadi Brandt , 1938
Acronicta solimana (D raudt, 1938)
Actebia damnata (D raudt , 1937)
Actebia opisole uca (Staudinger, 1881)
Aegle porphyrinoides Gaal-Haszler et al., 2012
Agrot is psammocharis Boursin , 1950
Agrot is sardzeana Bran dt, 1941
Allophyes renalis (Wiltshire, 1941)
Amphipoea maryamae Zahiri & Fibiger, 2006
Amphipyra micra Gyulai & Ronkay, 2008
Anagnorisma chamrani Gyulai et al., 2013
Anarta halophila (Gyulai & Ronkay, 2008)
Anchoscelis elbursica (Ronkay & Gyulai, 2006)
Anchoscelis fuscomixta (Ronkay & Gyulai, 2006)
Apamea minoc Babics & Benedek, 2011
Armada gelida (Br andt, 1939)
Armada maritima Brand t, 1939
Atethmia sinuata Ronkay & Gyulai, 2006
Benshirachia paradoxa Gyulai, Varga & Ronkay, 2002
Boursinia ferdovsi (B randt , 1941)
Boursinia oxygramma Bra ndt , 1938
Brachygalea kamalii Shi rvani, Ronkay & Talebi, 2008
Brachygalea miskoi Ronkay, 1996
Brandtina albonigra Bytinski-Salz & Brandt, 1937
Bryomima avajensis Gyulai, 2022
Bryomima rosea Br andt, 1941
Bryomima vartianorum Gaal-Haszler et al., 2012
Bryophila argentacea Bytinski-Salz & Brandt, 1937
Bryophila eucharista ( Bou rsin, 1960)
Bryophila petricolor Lederer, 1870
Bryophila salomonis (Bour sin, 195 4)
Bryophila thamanaea Hampson, 1908
Bryophila thamanaea Hampson, 1908
Calamia metamorpha (Bour sin, 1960)
Caradrina altissima Hacker, 2004
Caradrina boursini (F. Wagner, 1936)
Caradrina inopinata Hacker, 2004
Caradrina isfahana Hacker, 2004
Caradrina khorassana (Bou rsin, 1942)
Caradrina panurgia (Bour sin, 1939)
Caradrina parthica Hacker, 2004
Caradrina phanosciera (Boursin , 1939)
Caradrina poecila (Bou rsin, 1939)
Caradrina pseudalbina (Bou rsin, 1942)
Caradrina pulvis (Boursi n, 1939)
Caradrina sarhadica (Boursi n, 1942)
Caradrina stenoptera (Bou rsin, 1939)
Caradrina zagrobia Hacker, 2004
Caradrina zandi Wiltsh ire, 1952
Cardepia halophila Hacker, 1998
Cardepia oleagina Hacker, 1998
Chersotis binaloudi Br andt, 1941
Chersotis cryptographa Varga & Gyulai, 2002
Chersotis hoppei Varga et al., 2013
Chersotis lehmanni Varga et al., 2013
Chersotis nitens Bra ndt, 1941
Chersotis sterilis ( Brandt, 1938)
Chersotis zaghros Gyulai & Varga, 2006
Chloantha elbursica (Bou rsin, 1968)
Ctenoceratoda lupa (Christoph, 1893)
Cucullia khorassana Br andt, 1941
Dasypolia mazandarana Benedek et al., 2014
Deltote iranica (Kotzch, 1940)
Diadochia sacimima Shirvani & Ronkay, 2012
Dichagyris gyulaiivani Gyulai & Varga, 2002
Dichagyris haczi Ronkay & Gyulai, 2009
Dichagyris ilseae Stangelmaier & Fibiger, 2003
Dichagyris lupinus (Bra ndt, 19 41)
Dichagyris paisa (Brandt, 1938)
Dichagyris taftana Brandt , 1941
Dichagyris zagroica Hacker & Ebert, 2002
Discalera discalis (Bra ndt , 1938)
Drasteriodes leprosa ( Brandt, 1938)
Dryobotodes glau cus Ronkay & Gyulai, 2006
Dysmilichia gigantea Bra ndt, 1941
Eremohadena afzalipouri Shirvani, Sheykhnejad & Shoghali, 2012
Eremohadena toerpexa Ronkay & Gyulai, 2006
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80 LEPIDOPTERA IRAN ICA
Euchalcia chalcophanes Dufay, 1963
Euchalcia hyrcaniae Du fay, 1963
Euchalcia incredibilis Hacker & Ebert, 2002
Euchalcia stilpna Dufay, 1969
Eulocastra bryophilioides Br andt, 1938
Euxoa abualisinai Varga & Gyulai, 2002
Euxoa adjemi B rand t, 1941
Euxoa aneucta Bra ndt, 1938
Euxoa dsheiron Bra ndt, 1938
Euxoa ebadhadiani Gyulai & Varga, 2002
Euxoa emamrezai Gyulai & Ronkay, 2006
Euxoa inclusa Co rti, 1931
Euxoa mustelina (Christoph, 1877)
Euxoa perierga Brandt, 1938
Euxoa shahabbasi Gyulai & Varga, 2002
Evisa reisseri Wiltsh ire, 1952
Frivaldszkyola elami (Ronkay, 2001)
Gortyna golestanensis Fibiger & Zahiri, 2006
Griposia jahannamah (Fibiger et al., 2008)
Hada persa (Alphéraky, 1897)
Hadena cimelia (Brandt, 1938)
Hadena drangiana Gyulai & Hacker, 2013
Hadena haczi Gyulai & Hacker, 2013
Hadena mediana Gyulai & Hacker, 2013
Hadena mesolampra (Bra ndt, 1938)
Hadena montana ( Br andt, 1941)
Hadena phaeoscripta Gyulai & Hacker, 2013
Hadena pyrrhotatos Gy ulai & Hacker, 2013
Hadena thecaphaga (Draudt, 1937)
Hadena vulpecula (Bra ndt, 1938)
Iranada venusta (Brandt, 1939)
Iranada versicolor Brandt , 1939
Karmanica bandarabbassa Hacker & Eebert, 2002
Karmanica chosroes (B randt , 1938)
Karmanica cyros Hacker & Eebert, 2002
Karmanica magnifica Hacker & Eebert, 2002
Lasionhada draudti Wagner, 1936
Leptologia malaqai Esfandiari, Gyulai, Shahreyari-Nejad & Rabieh, 2022
Lophoterges mariannae Fibiger, 2000
Luperina farsiensis Fibiger & Zahiri, 20 05
Margelana brunnea Fibiger, Zahiri & Kononenko, 2007
Masalia philbyi ( Brandt, 1941)
Metopoceras solituda (Brandt, 1938)
Metopodicha leily Gyulai & Ronkay, 2008
Metopoplus boursini Bra ndt, 1938
Mniotype fabulosa Benedek & Ronkay, 2002
Oligia suleiman Rezbanyai-Reser, 1997
Oligia vandarban Rezbanyai-Reser, 1997
Omphalophana serrulata Ronkay & Gy ulai, 20 06
Opigena khorassana Varga et al., 2015
Orthosia habeleri Wiesmair, Shir vani & Ronkay, 2020
Oxytripia stephania Sutton, 1964
Ozarba tamsina (Bra ndt, 1947 )
Paracentropus cyrus (Br andt, 1938)
Perig rapha mithras (Wiltshire, 1941)
Perig rapha benedeki Ronkay et al., 2010
Photed es macroductus Gyulai, 2020
Polymixis alborsa Babics & Benedek, 2011
Polymixis dubiosa (Brandt, 1938)
Polymixis fibrillata Ronkay & Gyulai, 2006
Polymixis hedygramma (Bran dt, 1941)
Polymixis pirkadatka Ronkay & Gyulai, 2006
Polymixis scrophulariae (Wiltshire, 1952)
Polymixis zagrobia (Wiltshire, 1941)
Pseudohadena magnitu dinis Hacker & Ebert, 2002
Pseudohadena zahedana Shirvani & Ronkay, 2009
Pseudoligia lucife r Ronkay & Gyulai, 2006
Rezahiria marmota Ronkay, Ronkay & Gyulai, 2014
Rhodocatera rhodocharis (Brandt, 1938)
Shargacucullia faucicola (Wiltshire, 1943)
Shargacucullia kasyi (Wiltshire, 1976)
Shargacucullia szeokekalmani Ronkay, Ronkay & Gy ulai, 2011
Standfussiana benedeki Gyu lai, 2021
Sympistis idioglypha Brandt, 1938
Synthymia dubiosa Bra ndt, 1938
Synthymia dubiosa Bra ndt, 1938
Thargelia attila Ronkay & Gyulai, 2006
Valer ia wassalberti Gyu lai, 2 019
Valerietta forsteri Draudt, 1938
Victri x macrosema (Boursin , 1957)
Victri x sassanica Wiltshire, 1961
Wiltshireola disrupta (Wiltshire, 1952)
Xestia kecskerago Gyulai & Ronkay, 2006
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RAJAEI ET AL.: GEN ERAL PATTERNS OF IR ANIAN LEPIDOPTER A 81
Appendix 3. Numbers of recorded Lepidoptera species, per family, for each Iranian province.
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^ŝƐƚĂŶͲŽͲĂůƵĐŚĞƐƚĂŶ
<ŚŽƌĂƐĂŶͲĞ:ŽŶƵďŝ
ϬϭD/ZKWdZ/'/ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ Ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ
ϬϮ,W/>/ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ
ϬϯEWd/h>/ ϭ ϰ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϰ ϳ ϭϬ Ϯ ϭ Ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ϵ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ Ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ Ϯ ϭ ͲͲ
Ϭϰ,>/K>/ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ
Ϭϱ>/ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϰ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ
Ϭϲd/^,Z// ͲͲ Ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ Ϯ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϰ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ
ϬϳD^^// ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ
ϬϴW^z,/ ϭ Ϯ ϰ ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϰ ͲͲ ϯ ϭ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ϯ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ϯ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ϭ Ϯ ͲͲ
ϬϵZ/KKdd/ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ
ϭϬd/E/ ϭϮ ϱ ϭϭ
ϱϲϭϲϭϵϮϬϯϰϳϮϱϮϭϮϵϮϮϯϱϴϮϰϱϭϴϳϭϯϭϯϭϬϭ
ϭϭhh>dZ// ͲͲ ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϯ ϯ ϰ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ Ͳ
ͲϱϮͲͲϭ
ϭϮ'Z/>>Z// Ϯ Ϯϱ
ϱϮϯϱϭϲϯϬϮϭϮϯϰϮϮϮϳϭϵϱϯϮϯϰϳϮϮϮϮϰϰϯϮ
ϭϯ>>// ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ
ϭϰ,>/K/E/ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ
ϭϱ>zKEd// Ϯ Ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ Ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ Ϯ ϭ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ Ϯ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ
ϭϲZ'zZ^d,// ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϯ ϭ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ
ϭϳzWKEKDhd/ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ Ϯ ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ
ϭϴzW^K>KW,/ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ϭ ϲ ϱ ϭ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϰ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ
ϭϵW>hd>>/ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ϭ ϭ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ Ϯ Ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ϯ ϭ ϭ ͲͲ
ϮϬ'>zW,/WdZ/'/ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ Ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ
Ϯϭh^dzhZd// ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ
ϮϮKh'>^// ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ Ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ Ϯ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ
Ϯϯ,KZhd/ ϭ ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ϯ ϲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ϭ ͲͲ ϯ ϭ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ
Ϯϰ'>d// ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ
ϮϱdKZdZ// Ϯϱ Ϯϵ ϭϵ ϭϭ ϳ ϭϴ ϯϵ ϳϬ ϳϬ ϮϬ ϭϮ ϯϬ ϭϱ ϭϯ ϴ ϯϭ ϱϮ ϵ Ϯ ϳ ϭϲ ϳ ϰϲ ϭϭ
ϭϵϮϯϭϮϵϮ
ϮϲK^^/ ϭϳ ϭϳ ϭϲ ϭϬ ϭϰ ϭϮ ϳ ϭϮ ϭϲ ϭϭ Ϯϯ Ϯϰ ϵ ϴ Ϯ ϭϱ ϭϴ ϭϭ ϲ ϭ Ϯϭ ϴ Ϯϲ ϭϭ Ϯ ϭϬ Ϯ ϭϮ ϭϮ ϭϳ Ϯ
Ϯϳ^^// ϵ ϳ ϳ ͲͲ ϭϴ Ϯ ϱ ϭϵ ϭϬ ϯ ϰ ϯ ϭϬ ϭϭ ͲͲ ϵ ϭϲ ϭ ͲͲ ϱ ϮϮ ϭϬ Ϯϯ ϭϱ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭϬ ϭ Ϯ
ϮϴZ,K/ ͲͲ ϭ ϭ ͲͲ ϭ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ
ϱϯϯϭϭϮϭϮϭͲͲͲͲͲͲϰϮϱϭͲͲͲͲͲͲͲͲϯϭͲͲ
Ϯϵz'E/ ϳ Ϯϰ ϵ ϱ ϭϴ ϭϯ ϵ ϭϴ ϭϰ ϭϮ ϯ ϭϭ ϭϱ ϭϬ ϭϬ ϭϮ ϮϬ ϰ ϭ ϴ ϮϮ ϭϰ ϮϮ
ϳϮϮϭϭϭϱϰϭ
ϯϬ>/DK/ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ
ϯϭW/WzZKW/ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ
ϯϮ>/d,KZ/ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ Ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ
ϯϯhdK^d/,/ ϰ ͲͲ ϵ ϭ ϰ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϲ ϭ ϯ ͲͲ ϱ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϳ ϭϮ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ Ϯ ͲͲ ϯϭ ϭ ͲͲ
ϮϯϲϮϳͲͲ
ϯϰKKW,KZ/ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ϯ ϲ Ϯ ϰ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϱ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ Ϯ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ
ϯϱ>zWh^/ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ
ϯϲWZ^^Z//
ϳϯϰϲϭϮϰϵϭϳͲͲϭϮϭϮͲͲϭϭϭϮϭϱͲͲϭϭϱϭϯϮϯͲͲϱϯϱϯϱϭ
ϯϳK^DKWdZ/'/ ϰ ͲͲ ϰ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ϭ ϯ ϱ ͲͲ Ϯ Ϯ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϰ ϰ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ Ϯ ϴ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϱ ͲͲ ϭϴ ϭ ϯ ͲͲ
ϯϴ'>,// ϮϬ ϭϬ ϯϬ ϭϯ ϭϭ ϰ ϱ Ϯϳ ϰϱ Ϯϳ ϰϮ Ϯϴ ϭϭ ϭϭ ϰ ϰϬ ϯϴ ϲ Ϯϭ ϯ ϭϴ ϱ ϱϲ ϯ Ϯ ϭϵ ϰ ϯϯ Ϯϭ ϰϭ ϯ
ϯϵWdZK>KE,/ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ
ϭϭϭϭϭϭͲͲͲͲͲͲͲͲ
ϰϬ>,/^d/ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϰ ϰ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ Ϯ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ
ϰϭK>KW,KZ/ ϮϮ ϯ ϵ ϱ ϯ ͲͲ ϭ Ϯϳ ϭϳ ϭϮ ϴ ϭϰ Ϯ ͲͲ ϭ ϭϬ ϰϴ ͲͲ ϭϰ ϭ ϲ ͲͲ ϰϱ ͲͲ ϰ ͲͲ ϱϬ ϭϲ ϴ ͲͲ
ϰϮdZ,Z/ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ϭ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ϭ ͲͲ ϭ ϭ ͲͲ
ϰϯ^zd,Z// Ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϲ ϲ ϰ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϴ ϭ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ϲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭϬ ϱ ϴ ͲͲ
ϰϰ^dd,DKWK/ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ Ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ Ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ
ϰϱ>^dK^/ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ
ϰϲDKDW,/ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ
ϰϳ>h/d/ ϭ ͲͲ ϭ Ϯ ϭ ϭ ͲͲ ϯ Ϯ ϭ ϯ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ Ϯ ϰ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ Ϯ Ϯ Ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ Ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ
ϰϴWdZKW,KZ/ ϮϬ ϭϰ ϭϴ ϳ ϭϬ ϭϮ ϴ Ϯϯ Ϯϵ ϭϰ ϮϬ ϭϬ ϭϬ ϭϮ ϲ ϯϭ ͲͲ ϯ ϯ ϰ ϭϴ ϭϭ Ϯϳ ϵ ͲͲ ϵ ϲ ϮϬ ϭϲ ϵ ͲͲ
ϰϵZWK^/E/ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ
ϱϬWZDE// ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ Ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ Ϯ ϰ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ϭ ϭ ͲͲ
ϱϭ,^WZ// Ϯϴ ϯϭ ϮϮ ϭϲ ϭϲ ϭϳ ϭϯ Ϯϯ ϮϬ Ϯϭ Ϯϯ ϭϴ ϭϴ ϭϵ ϴ Ϯϲ Ϯϳ ϭϯ ϰ ϯ ϭϴ ϭϯ Ϯϴ ϭϲ ϱ ϭϯ
ϴϳϭϬϱϯ
ϱϮWW/>/KE/
ϳϱϳϲϳϯϯϱϱϱϱϰϳϱϰϱϱϳϭϰϳϰϳϱϮϰϰϰϰϰϮ
ϱϯW/Z/ Ϯϱ Ϯϱ ϭϴ ϭϴ Ϯϱ ϮϬ Ϯϱ Ϯϵ Ϯϲ Ϯϳ Ϯϰ ϭϴ ϭϯ Ϯϭ Ϯϱ Ϯϳ Ϯϴ ϭϮ ϳ ϭϯ Ϯϰ ϭϵ Ϯϴ ϭϲ ϭϰ ϭϴ ϭϵ Ϯϭ Ϯϯ Ϯϱ ϭϭ
ϱϰ>zE/ ϵϴ ϵϯ ϲϴ ϰϱ ϱϵ ϳϮ ϳϱ ϴϮ ϲϰ ϳϭ ϱϬ ϰϳ ϰϯ ϲϬ ϱϴ ϳϬ ϴϯ ϰϬ ϮϬ Ϯϲ ϲϱ ϰϯ ϲϲ ϰϲ ϭϰ Ϯϱ ϭϲ Ϯϭ ϯϵ Ϯϳ Ϯϯ
ϱϱEzDW,>/ ϴϲ ϴϴ ϱϲ ϱϮ ϱϰ ϳϱ ϲϳ ϲϴ ϲϰ ϲϮ ϱϵ ϱϬ ϰϭ ϱϯ ϱϯ ϲϲ ϳϮ ϯϮ ϵ Ϯϭ ϱϮ ϰϬ ϰϯ ϯϴ ϮϮ Ϯϴ ϭϱ ϭϰ Ϯϯ Ϯϱ ϭϴ
ϱϲWzZ>/ ϭϰ ϴ ϮϬ ϵ ϭϭ ϳ ϭϴ ϲϬ ϯϱ ϲϰ ϭϭ ϲϬ ϰϬ ϳ ϲ ϭϮϮ ϭϭϱ ϳ ϭϯ ϭϯ ϳ ϰ ϮϮϭ ϱ Ϯ ϰϱ Ϯϭ ϱϳ ϯϳ ϭϰϭ ϯ
ϱϳZD/ ϰϭ ϯϯ ϭϱ Ϯϰ ϭϯ Ϯϵ ϱϴ ϴϳ ϴϴ ϱϲ ϯϱ ϲϰ ϯϱ ϭϲ ϭϭ ϵϵ ϴϱ ϳ ϭϯ ϭϮ ϭϴ ϭϯ ϭϯϭ ϭϯ ϭ ϰϴ Ϯϵ ϱϰ ϯϯ ϵϭ ϯ
ϱϴ/D>// ϭ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ
ϱϵZWE/
ϮϯϭϮͲͲϭϲϲϱͲͲϮͲͲϮͲͲϭϮϰϭͲͲͲͲϯϭϮϭͲͲͲͲͲͲϭͲͲͲͲϭ
ϲϬ>^/KDW/ ϲ ϭϭ
ϵϳϴϲϵϭϯϭϯϭϮϴϲϰϯϵϭϬϭϬϰϯͲͲϴϯϮϬϴͲͲϰϵϴϴϲͲͲ
ϲϭZ,D/ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ϭ ϭ ͲͲ ϭ Ϯ ϭ ͲͲ Ϯ ϭ ͲͲ Ϯ ϭ ͲͲ ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ϭ ϭ ͲͲ ϭ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ
ϲϮKDz/
ϭϭϭϭϭϭϭϭϭϭϭϭϭϭϭϭϭϭϭϭϭϭϭϭϭϭϭϭϭϭϭ
ϲϯ^dhZE// ϭ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ Ϯ ϯ ϭ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ Ϯ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ϭ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ
ϲϰ^W,/E'/ ϲ ϭϮ ϴ ϴ ϴ ϱ ϵ ϭϵ ϭϳ ϴ ϭϮ ϭϰ ϴ ϱ ͲͲ ϵ Ϯϭ ϭϬ ͲͲ ϰ ϭϯ ϭϬ ϭϵ ϭϭ ͲͲ ϲ Ϯ ŚŽ ϭϲ ϭϭ Ϯ
ϲϱ'KDdZ/ ϲϵ ϵϴ ϱϯ Ϯϲ ϯϳ Ϯϴ ϰϳ ϭϰϲ ϭϯϳ ϴϬ ϭϭϵ ϱϲ ϯϲ ϯϮ ϭϳ ϱϲ ϭϰϯ ϭϵ ϵ ϴ ϱϳ ϯϳ ϭϲϯ ϰϮ ϱ ϯϱ Ϯϴ ϳϴ ϱϳ ϴϲ ϴ
ϲϲEKdKKEd/ ͲͲ
ϵϮϱϮͲͲϰϭϯϵϮϲϯϰϰϭϯϳϮͲͲͲͲϮϭϴϮͲͲϭϭϭϯϭͲͲ
ϲϳZ/ ϰϮ ϱϰ ϱϲ ϰϱ ϰϴ Ϯϰ ϰϭ ϭϬϳ ϳϱ ϯϵ ϱϬ ϱϭ Ϯϭ ϭϯ ϭϮ Ϯϳ ϭϬϱ ϭϱ ϭϮ ϴ ϯϱ ϭϵ ϭϯϭ ϯϬ ϳ ϱϳ Ϯϭ ϳϮ ϰϱ ϵϴ ϰ
ϲϴhd>// ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ Ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ
ϲϵEK>/ Ϯ ϱ ϲ ϵ ϯ ͲͲ Ϯ ϭϬ ϲ Ϯ ͲͲ Ϯ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ϰ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭϮ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϰ ͲͲ ŚŽ ϰ ϵ ϭ
ϳϬEKdh/ ϵϮ ϭϭϯ ϭϯϳ ϵϳ ϭϰϵ ϴϬ ϭϭϯ ϯϮϱ Ϯϭϯ ϵϲ ϭϴϭ ϮϮϬ ϵϰ ϴϬ ϭϲ ϭϱϬ ϯϲϬ ϯϰ Ϯϳ Ϯϴ ϭϱϯ Ϯϳ ϯϱϱ ϵϮ ϭϴ ϴϵ ϱϰ ϭϮϴ ϭϰϮ ϭϲϭ ϵ
^Ƶŵ ϲϳϵ ϳϰϲ ϲϯϭ ϰϰϯ ϱϰϯ ϰϰϭ ϲϬϲ ϭϮϵϲϭϭϬϰ ϲϴϯ ϳϰϲ ϳϴϰ ϰϱϭ ϯϵϴ ϮϲϮ ϴϵϱ ϭϯϴϱ Ϯϱϭ ϭϳϰ ϭϳϵ ϲϭϴ ϯϭϬ ϭϲϮϱ ϰϬϬ ϭϬϯ ϰϲϮ ϮϲϮ ϲϲϭ ϱϵϭ ϴϮϳ ϭϬϰ
Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Integrative-Systematics:-Stuttgart-Contributions-to-Natural-History on 16 Mar 2023
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