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Results of odonatological studies in southern Primorye, Russia, in 2011-2020

February 2023

February 2023

Authors:

Institute of Cytology and Genetics

The odonatological results of five expeditions to two ecologically contrasted regions (forested foothills and coastal plains) in southern Primorsky Kray (or Primorye), Russia, undertaken from 2011 to 2020 are summarised. A total of 64 species have been recorded, including those with a limited presence in Russia, such as Lestes temporalis, Paracercion calamorum, P. hieroglyphicum, P. plagiosum (the 4th finding in Russia is reported here), Trigomphus citimus, Macromia manchurica (the 3rd finding in Russia), Deielia phaon, Lyriothemis pachygastra (the 3rd finding in Russia), and Sympetrum baccha. Aeshna caerulea is for the first time reported to Primorskiy Kray, although by a visual observation only. Simultaneous occurrence of the closely related Coenagrion hastulatum and C. lanceolatum was observed. The differences between Anax parthenope and A. julius, assumed to be different species, are discussed and illustrated; systematics of Coenagrion johanssoni, Aeshna juncea, Sympetrum depressiusculum and S. frequens and dimorphism for the frons maculation in males of Epophthalmia elegans are briefly discussed, as well. A steady and profound decrease in number of Odonata for the period 2011-2020 was observed.

Disposition of localities examined in 2011-2020 in the southernh Primorye, Russia. For explanations of numerals see the text.

…

Fishery ponds of Ecofarm near Ryazanovka village (Loc. 14), the richest of the localities studied where 32 species were recorded. I.V.

…

Coastal cliffs between Ryazanovka and Zakltychennaya River mouths (Loc 21), a place of foraging of many large dragonflies, where 24 odonate species were registered. I.V.

…

A swamp at the Zaklyuchennaya River mouth (Loc 22), with 22 odonate species recorded. A. Dunaev.

…

+11

Tandems of Coenagrion johanssoni: a -at the forest lake at Tigrovoy village, Loc 3, 3.08.2020; b -at a peat-moss bog by the Ryazanovka River, Loc 18, 7.08.2020. O.K.

…

Figures - uploaded by Oleg Kosterin

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Content uploaded by Oleg Kosterin

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ISSN 1435-3393

177

Vladimir V. Onishko, Oleg E. Kosterin & Igor O. Voinov

Results of odonatological studies in southern Primorye, Russia, in 2011-2020

published: 01.02.2023

A Journal of the International Dragonfly Fund

IDF

International Dragonfly Fund  Report

The International Dragonfly Fund (IDF) is a scientific society founded in 1996 for the impro

vement of odonatological knowledge and the protection of species.

Internet: http://www.dragonflyfund.org/

This series intends to publish studies promoted by IDF and to facilitate costefficient and ra

pid dissemination of odonatological data.

Editorial Work: Martin Schorr, Milen Marinov, Rory A. Dow

Layout: Martin Schorr

IDF-home page: Holger Hunger

Printing: Colour Connection GmbH, Frankfurt

Impressum: Publisher: International Dragonfly Fund e.V., Schulstr. 7B,

54314 Zerf, Germany. E-mail: oestlap@online.de

Responsible editor: Martin Schorr

Cover picture: Paracercion calamorum calamorum

Photographer: Vladimir Onishko

| 1

Published 01.02.2023

IDF-Report 177

Results of odonatological studies in southern Primorye, Russia, in 2011-2020

Vladimir V. Onishko1, Oleg E. Kosterin2*, Igor O. Voinov3

GAU Moscow Zoo, Department of Herpetology, Bolshaya Gruzinskaya Str. 1, Moscow

123242 Russia. Email: wervolf999@ yandex. ru. ORCID: 0000-0002-6469-6778

2*Institute of Cytology & Genetics SB RAS, Academician Lavrentyev ave. 10,

Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova str. 2, Novosibirsk,

630090, Russia. Email: kosterin@bionet.nsc.ru. ORCI D: 0000-0001-5955-4057.

3Novyy Boulevard 23, Dolgoprudnyy, 141707, Moscow Oblast, Russia.

Email: Djet.100@ yandex. ru

Abstract

The odonatological results of five expeditions to two ecologically contrasted regions (forest

ed foothills and coastal plains) in southern Primorsky Kray (or Primorye), Russia, undertaken

from 2011 to 2020 are summarised. A total of 64 species have been recorded, including

those with a limited presence in Russia, such as

Lestes temporalis

Paracercion calamo

rum

P. hieroglyphicum

P. plagiosum

(the 4th finding in Russia is reported here),

Tri-

gomphus citimus

Macromia manchurica

(the 3rd finding in Russia),

Deielia phaon

Lyrio

themis

pachygastra

(the 3rd finding in Russia), and

Sympetrum baccha

Aeshna caerulea

is for the first time reported to Primorskiy Kray, although by a visual observation only. Simultaneous

occurrence of the closely related

Coenagrion hastulatum

and

C. lanceolatum

was ob-

served. The differences between

Anax parthenope

and

A. julius

, assumed to be different spe

cies, are discussed and illustrated; systematics of

Coenagrion johanssoni

Aeshna juncea

Sympetrum depressiusculum

and

S. frequens

and dimorphism for the frons maculation

in males of

Epophthalmia elegans

are briefly discu ssed, as well. A steady and profound

decrease in number of Odonata for the period 2011-2020 was observed.

Keywords:

Odonata, dragonflies, damselflies, Russia, Far East, Primorye, Primorskiy Kray,

Coenagrion johanssoni

Paracercion plagiosum

Aeshna caerulea

Aeshna juncea

Anax

julius

Anax parthenope, Epophthalmia elegans

Macromia manchurica

Lyriothemis pachy

gastra

Sympetrum baccha

Sympetrum depressiusculum

Sympetrum frequens

, long-term

decline of abundance.

Introduction

Primorskiy Kray or Primorye is situated in the southernmost Far East of Russia. (‘Kray’, along

with ‘Oblast’’ and ‘Republic’, is a kind of administrative unit of the highest rank in Russia). It

has a mild and humid maritime climate and mostly resides in the zone of nemoral forests

composed of numerous broad-leafed tree species with participation of some conifers. With

elevation, they are replaced with coniferous taiga while the southernmost coastal plains are

occupied by humid prairies with sparse broad-leafed trees (Suslov 1954). The local diverse

biota is mostly comprised by the so-called Manchurian (or Paleoarchaearctic) species, so

the territory is attributed to the East Asian Ecological Region of the Palaearctic Biogeographical

Realm.

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Onish ko, Kosterin & Voinov

IDF-Report 177

The Odonata fauna of the Russian Far East (implied to include Primorskiy Kray, the southern

part

of Khabarovskiy Kray, Jewish Autonomous Province and the southern part of Amurakaya

Province) was summarised by Belyshev (1973), Malikova (1995), Malikova & Kosterin (2019)

and Onishko & Kosterin (2021) (the paper by Haritonov & Malikova (1998) is irrelevant as out

dated at the time of issue and containing many errors). With one species, Anax nigrofasciatus

Oguma, 1915, added later (Malikova & Chistyakov 2021; Onishko et al. 2021), it now comprises

93 known species, that is 59% of the Odonata fauna of Russia, with 42 species (27 %) present

in Russia only there (recalculated after Onishko & Kosterin 2021 with reference to new data).

Many of such species extend to Russia at the northern limits of their geographical ranges

and were seldom reported. At the same time, no species has yet been proven to recently ap

pear in Russia due to the current climate warming rather than just was previously overlooked

In 2011-2018, V.O. took an advantage of participating in four stationary expeditions of the Young

Naturalist Circle at the Zoological Museum of Moscow State University, headed by Evgeniy

V. Dunaev, to Khasan and Partizansk District in the southern Primorye, to thoroughly study

local Odonata faunas; in 2018 I.V. joined them. These two sites were briefly revisited by V.O.

and O.K. in 2020. Besides, V.O. in 2017 and V.O. & I.V. in 2018 made short car trips to some

other places of southern Primorye. Most fieldwork took place in late summer/early autumn.

Some of the data obtained on these expeditions were mentioned in Russian in Onishko (2019)

and, without detail, in a general book by Onishko & Kosterin (2021), while this paper summarises

those rich faunal data in detail. Data obtained by V.O. and O.K. elsewhere in the southern

Far East of Russia on their joint odonatological expedition in 2020 will be published in a

separate paper.

Material and Methods

The main places where observations and collections were made were situated in two

districts (Russ. ‘rayon’) of Primorskiy Kray: the Tigrovoy village environs in Partizansk District

(Region I: localities 1–8; 2011, 2015, 2020) and Ryazanovka village environs in Khasan

District (Region II: localities 9-22; 2011, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2020). In these regions the field

work, by V.O.

and in 2018 by V.O. and I.V. had a stationary regime and lasted for different

number of days

in different years. V.O. shortly visited a number of the same localities on car

trips in 2017

and V.O. and O. K. in 2020. Besides, in June 2017, V.O. visited some other

localities in the

southern Primorye (the locality series I I I , see below).

Collecting was made mostly with an aerial net. Besides, young and mature individuals of

Anax julius

and

Ischnura asiatica

were repeatedly attracted by street lamps. About 800

specimens were collected in total during this work. They are kept in personal collections of

authors; some of the specimens collected in 2020 were forwarded to Naturalis Biodiversity

Centre (RMNH).

Photographs were taken by V.O. with Apple iPhone 7 and Canon EOS 1000D with the

kit lens, and by O.K. with Canon EOS 350D with Sigma 50 mm macro lens. All they were

submitted to the iNaturalist (2022) internet platform, from where they are available by

links of the following template http://inaturalist.org/observations/x, where x (the integer number

of any number of digits) is the specific identifier of an observation. Such observation

identifiers are enumerated in the annotated list below along with specimens collected,

thus actually referencing to hundreds of external illustrations. The annotation ‘posed’

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Results of odonatologi cal studies in southern Primorye, Russia, in 2011-2020

IDF-Report 177

indicates that a dragonfly was posed for photographing, ‘in hand’ is self-evident, while the

absence of such annotations means that a free dragonfly in nature was photographed.

A bit more than 400 observations of Odonata from these expeditions were uploaded to

iNaturalist. All cited observations in iNaturalist had ‘research grade’; and were also adopted

by Global Biodiversity Information Faciliy (GBIF) (iNaturalist contributors, iNaturalist 2022).

The dates are provided in dd.mm.yyyy format, or mm.yyyy format if the exact dates were

omitted.

All the photos used to illustrate this paper, unless otherwise indicated, were of free

dragonflies in natural conditions.

Figure 1. Disposition of localities examined in 2011-2020 in the southernh Primorye,

Russia. For explanations of numerals see the text.

Localities examined

Geographic disposition of localities studied, with reference to their numerals below, is

shown in Fig. 1.

Region I.

Primorskiy Kray, Partizansk District, the environs of Tirgovoy village (Tigrovoe

since 2002 to 2011).

A hilly land in southern spurs of the Sikhote-Alin’ Mountain Range covered mostly with

dark broad-leafed forests and to a less extent with mixed forests. I n accordance with local

toponyms, the place is good for Amurian tigers (once encountered by V.O. at the forest road,

Loc 8) The settlement resides at the Tigrovaya (Sitsa) River near

the mouths of its tribu

taries Levyy (Left) Lesopil’nyy Brook and Pravyy (Right) Lesopil’nyy Brook. There

are some

forest lakes as well. Dra

gonflies were also observed on at forest roads and cuttings and

at the expedition base.

Loc 1. The Tigrovaya River section ca from 43.182° N, 132.892° E to 43.197° N, 132.903° E,

293-309 m a.s.l. (Fig. 2). A fast, cold river on average 5, up to 10-12 m wide, with pebble

bot

tom and

banks, flows through mostly

open landscape and inside Ti

grovoy village.

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Onish ko, Kosterin & Voinov

IDF-Report 177

Figure 2. The Tigrovaya (Sitsa)

River at Tigrovoy village (Loc 1);

8 species, mostly rheophylic, re

corded. Top: A. Dunaev, others:

O.K.

Odonata species

recorded: 8; of

which only

Ophiogomphus ob

scurus

was numerous while

others just occurred on disper

sal rather than for breeding.

Loc 2. The Pravyy Lesopil’nyy

Brook (Fig. 3), studied from its

mouth at 43.190° N, 132.896° E

to ca 43.164° N, 132.901° E,

299-358 m a.s. l. Flows mostly

through the forest, so unfavour

able for Odonata. Odonata spe

cies recorded: 4; only

Davidius

lunatus

preferred this locality,

besides,

Somatochlora exubera

ta, S. graeseri

and

Ophiogom

phus obscurus

were observed.

Curiously, the latter species was

mostly represented by ovi

posit-

ing females while at the Tigro

vaya River males were numer

ous while females were very

rare.

Loc 3. A small roundish lake (ca

20 x 20 m) (Fig. 4) between Le

sopil’naya Street and

the Pravyy

Lesopil’nyy Brook

(which is 10

m from its N bank),

1.2 km N Ti

grovyy Put’ Base. 43.180-43.1801°

N, 132.893-132.894° E, 309

a.s.l. Aquatic and semiaquatic

vegetation well expressed, S side

shallow for 5–8 m

from the bank and densely overgrown. W and NW banks partly open, with a swampy sedge

meadow with

Cicuta viro

L. situated 10 m off N bank. Odonata species registered:

17; the richest locality in Region I.

Loc 4. A series of three mostly shaded ponds/small lakes, one ca 20 x 7 m and two

others ca 5 x 5 m, between Lesopil’naya Street and the Pravyy Lesopil’nyy Brook

1.2 km N Tigrovyy Put’ Base. 43.179° N, 132.893° E, 314 m a.s.l.. Aquatic and

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Results of odonatologi cal studies in southern Primorye, Russia, in 2011-2020

IDF-Report 177

semiaquatic vegetation scarce. No open banks but some glades nearby. Odonata

species registered: 7.

Loc 5. The bridge across the Levyy Lesopil’nyy Brook and a forest margin S of it; at

Lesopil’naya Street, 970 m N of Tigrovyy Put’ Base. 43.176° N, 132.892° E, 318 m

a.s.l. Odonata species registered: 3.

Loc 6. The Levyy Lesopil’nyy Brook (Fig. 5) section studied ca from 43.172° N, 132.887° E

to its mouth at 43.178° N, 132.895° E, 320-331 m a.s.l.; deeper and faster than the

Figure 3. The Pravyy Lesopil’nyy Brook at Tigrovoy village (Loc 2), a habitat of

David

ius lunatus

(preferred),

Somatochlora exuberata

and

Ophiogomphus obscurus

. A. Dunaev.

Figure 4. A small forest lake at Tigrovoy village (Loc 3), with 17 species recorded. O.K.

6 |

Onish ko, Kosterin & Voinov

IDF-Report 177

Pravyy Lesopil’nyy Brook; flows more through landscape hence resembles the Tigro

vaya River. Odonata species recorded: 4, most frequent were males of

Davidius lunatus

and

Ophiogomphus obscurus

Loc 7. Tigrovyy Put’ Tourist Base (a big resort house), serving the expedition base, situ

ated at the end of Lesopil’naya Street in Tigrovoy village on the Pravyy Lesopil’nyy

Brook 1.4 km SE of Tigrovoe railway station, 43.168° N, 132.895° E, 332 m a.s.l..

There is an artificial pond on the territory filled with water from the brook and rains.

Odonata species registered: 15; most interesting was a visual sighting of

Aeshna

caerulea

Loc 8. The forest road (Fig. 6) starting from the Tigrovyy Put’ Base and going southwards

parallel to the Pravyy Lesopil’nyy Brook (crossing it several times) and up the hills,

mostly through dark mixed forest and many glades where dragonflies foraged (some

times in big swarms composed mostly by

Pantala flavescens

and

Somatochlora

spp). Studied ca from 43.168° N, 132.895° E to 43.155° N, 132.903° E, 332-362 m

a.s.l. Odonata species recorded: 11.

Region II.

Primorskiy Kray, Ryazanovka village environs.

A hilly area covered with moist long-herb meadows with oak groves along the coast of

the Boisman H arbour of the Sea of Japan. In 2011 the expedition was housed at the

Figure 5. The Levyy Lesopil’nyy Brook near its mouth at Tigrovoy village (Loc 6), a habitat

D. lunatus

and

O. obscurus

. A. Dunaev.

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IDF-Report 177

Figure 6. The road S of Tigrovoy

village (Loc 8) where 11 species

of Odonata were recorded, in-

cluding big swarms of

Pantala

flavescens

and

Somatochlora

spp. A. Dunaev.

station of the Far East State Uni

versity (42.794° N, 131.252° E),

in 2015 and 2018 at M ayak Tourist

Base (42.777° N, 131.263° E),

both in Ryazanovka village. Pedes

trian routes reached Romashka

village and the Poyma River

(42.857° N, 131. 303° E) ca 16 km

N to the north, the Sea Nature Re

serve border (42.706° N, 131.237°

E) ca 11 km to the south-west,

and the Poyma River delta (42.815°

N, 131.350° E), ca 19 km to the

north-east. Thus, a territory was

studied extending for 30 km along

the sea coast and up to 9 km in

land (Romashka village), includ-

ing the following water bodies: two

middle-sized fast rivers Ryaza-

novka (Langoukore) and Poyma

(Adimi), one shallow, slow rivulet Zaklychennaya, forming a large coastal swamp ex-

tending 500–1000 m inland, several large limans (brackish bays), a forest pond probably

of an artificial origin, a bog, and a series of fishery ponds.

Loc 9. The Poyma River section from 42.858° N, 131.303° E to 42.849° N, 131. 320° E,

9-14 m a.s.l. The largest river in Region I I , on average twice as broad and deep as the

Ryazanovka River, has a fast current with many rapids and exclusively pebble bottom.

Odonata species recorded: 2 (four times less than at the Ryazanovka River), of which

Calopteryx japonica

, definitely bred there, however abundance of both sexes of

thetrum albistylum

was curious.

Loc 10. A swampy meadow at Romashka village, 42.848° N, 131. 297° E, 12 m a.s. l.

Odonata species recorded: 6.

Loc 11. The Romashka River at Romashka village, 42. 847° N, 131.294° E, 13 m a.s.l.

A shallow slow river overgrown with semiaquatic vegetation. The only Odonata species

found to breed at this locality,

Sympetrum kunckeli

, was recorded only there and had

a very large population.

Loc 12. The Ryazanovka River (Fig. 7) section studied between ca 42.827° N, 131.228° E

and 42.813° N, 131.253° E, 11-22 m a.s.l. A cold and fast river 0. 5–1 m deep. Odo

nata

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Onish ko, Kosterin & Voinov

IDF-Report 177

species recorded: 8, of which only

Calopteryx japonica

and

Ophiogomphus obscurus

surely bred there, while many used open places along the river for foraging, mostly

Anax

julius

Pantala flavescens

and

Somatochlora

spp., and most of

Sympetrum

spp. were

found there. In 2011, an attempt of oviposition into the river by a female of

Deielia phaon

was observed and males of

Epophthalmia elegans

were twice sighted above the river.

At the river bank and close to the bog (Loc 18) a female of

Sieboldius albardae

, was

collected, the only individual of this species met outside the sea coast.

Loc 13. An inundated ditch along the road А189. 42.827° N, 131.236° E. 36 m a.s.l.. Odonata

species recorded: 5; there the largest population of

Lestes temporalis

was found.

Loc 14. Ecofarm: a series of artificial ponds for fishery and fishing (Fig. 8), 42.820-42.823° N,

131.225-131.233° E, 17-21 m a.s.l. M ost of the ponds are deep, have stony bottoms

and are devoid of aquatic vegetation; there are some bushes and low trees at banks.

The Ryazanovka River flows to the north of them and a large swampy meadow is to the

east. The richest locality, Odonata species recorded: 32.

Macromia amphigena fraenata

was recorded only there, while

Epophthalmia elegans

and

Deielia phaon

had there the

most abundant populations among those found. This also is the only confirmed breed

ing locality of

E. elegans

(Onishko 2019). Also here, co-occurrence was recorded of

two closely related species,

Sympetrum depressiusculum

and

S. frequens

Figure 7. The Ryazanovka (Langoukore) River (Loc 12), a habitat of

Calopteryx japonica

and

Ophiogomphus obscurus

and probably some other lotic species recorded near

by. O.K.

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Results of odonatologi cal studies in southern Primorye, Russia, in 2011-2020

IDF-Report 177

Loc 15. The ground road between the coast (42.774° N, 131. 259° E) and Ecofarm

(42.774° N, 131.259° E) (Fig. 9), 0-20 m a.s. l., connecting many locations listed above

and so providing numerous sightings and collections of Odonata, species recorded:

27.

Loc 16. The Poyma River delta, including a number of large oxbow lakes and swampy

meadows along them. 42.810-42.828° N, 131.346-131.362° E, at the sea level. N o

trees but there are some low bushes, solitary or in small groups. Odonata species

recorded: 6; most interesting was a large population of the rare

Lyriothemis pachy

gastra

Loc 17. The stationary of the Far East State University in Ryazanovka village, 42.794° N,

131.252° E, 43 m a.s.l. , which served the expedition base from 20.08. 2011 to 10.09.

2011. Situated in open broad-leafed forest with numerous glades and ground roads

with pools, so providing habitats for numerous Odonata species, 18 of which were

recorded.

Lestes temporalis

and

Somatochlora viridiaenea

were common. Mixed

Figure 8. Fishery

ponds of Ecofarm

near Ryazanovka

vil

lage (Loc. 14), the

richest of the local-

ities studied where

species were re

cord

ed. I.V.

10 |

Onish ko, Kosterin & Voinov

IDF-Report 177

foraging swarms up to several hundred individuals of different species were observed

in dusk.

Loc 18. A peat-moss bog (Fig. 10) 1.7 km NNE of Ryazanovka village, outlined by the

Ryazanovka River from the north and elevated above it for several metres as situat

ing on its right terrace. The studied part was 250 x 100 m, 42.812-42.814° N, 131. 246-

131.252° E, 13-15 m a. s.l. A large quaking (hanging) peat-moss bog without open

water, but with some hidden flow forming a series of tiny brooks with a fairly fast flow

at the river side, separated with very tall (above 1 m) sedge tussocks; there is a grove

Alnus japonica

(Thunb. ) Steud. in the south. (A spectacular ground orchid

Pecteilis

radiata

(Thunb. ) Raf. was abundant and another one,

Habenaria linearifolia

Maxim.

occurred among peat-moss, see Fig. 11.) Odonata species recorded: 22. This is the

only confirmed breeding place of

Somatochlora arctica

and

S. viridiaenea

, and the

largest population of

Sympetrum parvulum

was found there. The open area of this bog

was used for foraging by many Odonata species, such as

Ophiogomphus obscurus

(arriving from the river nearby),

Sympetrum uniforme

Anax julius

; on 30.08.2018, a fe

male of

Macromia

sp. was sighted in a mixed swarm of

Anax julius

Aeshna soneharai

Somatochlora

spp and

Pantala flavescens

Loc 19. Several interconnected limans, brackish sea bays of variable low salinity, along

the Boisman Harbour. 42.792-42.806° N, 131. 292-131.314° E, at the sea level. They

re-

side in open area, ca 4 km from the west to east and ca 3 km inland, without any

arbo-

Figure 9. The ground road (Loc 15) between the coast and Ecofarm (Fig. 8), where

as many as 27 species were registered on dispersal. I.V.

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IDF-Report 177

Figure 10. The peat-

moss bog by the

Ryazanovka River

(Loc 18), a rich habi

tat with 22 species

recorded. Above: I.V.,

below: O.K.

real vegetation and separated from the sea with a narrow sandy spit known as Golden

Sands. Odonata species recorded: 25.

Loc 20. The Ryazanovka River delta and its surroundings, 42.784-42.788° N, 131.277-

131.281° E, at the sea level. At its mouth, the river forms several arms almost with-

out current (Fig. 12), the westernmost one extending along a cliff and very close to

the sea. The area was bordered with a rocky hill covered with oak forest in the south-

west and a sandy beach in the east. Odonata species recorded: 16; most interesting

were such rare species as

Platycnemis phyllopoda

Anisogomphus maackii

Sieboldius

albardae

and

Macromia manchurica

(one of the two specimens collected of the latter

species in total).

Loc 21. The cliffy northern sea coast from Mechta Tourist Base (42.780° N, 131.270°

E) to the Ryazanovka River delta (42.783° N, 131.277° E; both at sea level), with

well heated screes and cliffs (Fig. 13) bearing atop oak forest with many glades.

Odonata species recorded: 24, of which most interesting were

Sieboldius albardae

Anisogomphus maackii

(most sightings of both were there),

Macromia daimoji

manchurica

Somatochlora viridiaenea

and

Sympetrum fonscolombii

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Onish ko, Kosterin & Voinov

IDF-Report 177

Figure 11. Ground

orchids

Habenaria

linearifolia

Maxim.

(top left) and

Pec-

teilis radiata

(Thun

b.) Raf. (the rest) at

the peat-moss bog

by the Ryazanovka

River (Loc 18, Fig.

10). O.K.

Figure 12. An arm

of the Ryazanovka

River delta (Loc 20),

with 16 species re

corded, including

Platycnemis phyllo

poda,

Anisogom

phus maackii, Sie

boldius albardae

and

Macromia man

churica

. A. Dunaev.

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IDF-Report 177

Figure 13. Coastal cli ffs between Ryazanovka and Zakltychennaya River mouths (Loc

21), a place of foraging of many large dragonflies, where 24 odonate species were

registered. I.V.

Figure 14. A swamp at the Zaklyuchennaya River mouth (Loc 22), with 22 odonate spe

cies recorded. A. Dunaev.

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IDF-Report 177

Loc 22. A swamp formed by the Zaklyuchennaya Rivulet at its mouth (Fig. 14) and

extending for ca 1.2 km long, from 42.760° N, 131.255° E to 42.777° N, 131.263° E

but variable in size in different years, at the sea level, covered with dense reed and

hardly accessible. Odonata species recorded: 22, including such rare ones as

Deielia

phaon

and

Paracercion plagiosum

Loc 23. The cliffy western sea coast from the Zaklyuchennaya River mouth (42.766° N,

131.256° E) to Rozhdestvenskaya tourist base (42.757° N, 131.256° E, both at sea level),

in general similar to Loc._21 but with less vegetation on cliffs, resulting in less Odonata

species recorded: 13, however there most sightings of

Atrocalopteryx atrata

(both sexes)

took place.

Locality series III

Miscellaneous localities examined from 10.06.2017 to 23.06.2017 by V.O., on 28.08.2018

by V.O. and I.V. on a car trip across the Primorskiy Kray, and on 4.08.2020 by V.O. and O.K.

Loc 24. The railroad bridge at Bamburovo village, Khasan District, 42.920° N, 131.324°

15 m a. s.l. Odonata species found: 3.

Loc 25. The Ananyevka (Large Elduga) River at the bridge near Venivitinovo village, Khasan

District, 43. 413° N, 131.740° E, 2 m a.s.l. Odonata species found: 10.

Loc 26. A small roadside pond at Utesnoe village, Ussuriysk Municipality, 43.741° N,

131.945° E. 18 m a.s.l. Odonata species found: 2 (

Coenagrion hylas

and

C. johans

soni

Loc 27. Lake Soldatskoe, Ussuriysk Town, 43.774° N, 131.942° E, 13 m a.s.l. Odonata

species found: 2.

Loc 28. A medium-sized, roundish, cold forest lake at Solovey-Klyuch Town, Nadezhdino

District, 43. 398° N, 132.056° E, 70 m a.s.l. Odonata species found: 9.

Loc 29. The Malennaya River in Brovnichi village, Partizansk District, 43.287-43.288° N,

133.018-133. 019° E; on 4.08.2020 examined at this point and also 2.5 km upstream

(SW of Brovnichi village), at 43.271-43.273° N, 133.012-015° E. A small rivulet with

a slow current and pebble bottom. Odonata species found: 10.

Loc 30. A small pond near Lake Lebedinoe in N akhodka Town, 42.850° N , 132.897° E.

Strongly overgrown, banks boggy. Odonata species found: 4, including a very large

population of

Coenagrion ecornutum

Annotated list of species

LESTIDAE (5 species)

Lestes dryas

Kirby, 1890

Loc 4: 5.08.2011: 1 ♂photographed (37814945), Loc 7: 08.2011: several ♂ ♂ sighted.

1♂collected. Loc 18: 7. 08. 2020: 2 ♀ ♀ collected. Loc 20: 30.08.2015: 1 ♂photo

graphed

(37812260, posed). Loc 21: 30.08.2015: 1 ♂collected. A l ake at Sputnik railway station,

43. 238 N , 132.038 E: 20.06.2017: numerous tenerals of both sexes sighted (4 localities).

Observations.

Found in six localities only and numerous only in one of them (out of the

locality list), where observations were made in June rather than in August-September,

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Results of odonatologi cal studies in southern Primorye, Russia, in 2011-2020

IDF-Report 177

Lestes sponsa

(Hansemann, 1823)

Loc 7: 08.2011: 1 ♂, 1 ♀collected. Loc 3: 08.2011, many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted; 14.08.2015:

2♂♂ , 4 ♀ ♀ collected; ♂ ♂,♀ ♀ sighted, 1 ♂photographed (37811754). Loc 13: 28.08.2015:

few ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted, 1 ♀photographed (37812304); 30.08.2018: 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀ ♀ col-

lected; 04.09. 2018 and 08.09.2018: ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 14: 09.2015, 30.08.2018,

as elsewhere; also observations in Loc 7 were made in early August. So most probably

in Primorye, as well as in the European Russia,

L. dryas

, has a rather early flight period. The

only male collected in Ryazanovka village (Loc 21) was very old.

Lestes japonicus

Selys, 1883

(Fig. 15)

Loc 19: 30.08.2011: 1 ♂photographed (37816504); 08.2011: 1 ♂, 1♀collected; 01.09.2011:

1♂photographed (37756789); 1.09.2011, 08-09.2011 and 08-09. 2015: numerous

♂ ♂

and ♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 20: 19.08.2015, 1 ♂collected and photographed (37812059,

posed);

♂♂ and ♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 21: 31.08.2015: 1 ♂(37756686, posed), 1 ♀collected.

Loc 22: 20.08.2011: 1 ♂, 1 ♀photographed (37816585); 30. 08.2011: 1 ♂, 1♀collected

and

photographed (37756735); 08.2018: 4 ♂ ♂ , 3 ♀ ♀ collected; 08-09.2011, 08-09.2015

and 08-09. 2018: numerous ♂ ♂ and ♀ ♀ sighted; 5.09. 2018: 2 ♂ ♂ (37812049, 37523114),

2♀ ♀ (37812028, 37523123) photographed (Fig. 15) (4 localities).

Observations.

Found only in Region II and only along the coast. It was most numerous

at shoreline swamps at the Zaklyuchennaya River moth (Loc 22) where it predominated

among

Lestes

spp, while at the limans (Loc 17) it was inferior to

L. sponsa

. Solitary

individuals, especially young ones, occurred along the whole coast from Loc 20 to Loc

22. This species occurred at banks with dense grass and never at barren banks. It is

noteworthy that the closely related Euro-Siberian species

L. virens

does not show such

a strong preference in the European Russia and occurs at any water bodies, both with

abundant semiaquatic vegetation and practically devoid of it.

Figure 15. ♂ (left) and ♀ (right) of

Lestes japonicus

at Loc 22, 5.09.2018. V.O.

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IDF-Report 177

Figure 16. ♂ (l eft) and ♀ (right) of

Lestes temporalis

at Loc 13, 7.08.2020. V.O.

1-2.09.2018 and 8-9.09.2018: ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 18: 29.08.18: 1 ♀sighted. 07.08. 2020:

1♀photographed (63812260). Loc 19: 08.2011: 2 ♂, 2 ♀collected, many ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀

sighted; 28.08. 2015: many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 20: 08.2011: ♂ ♂ sighted, 15.08.2015:

1♂, 1 ♀collected, 31. 08. 2015: 1 ♂collected and photographed (37812248, posed). Loc

21: 19.08.2015: few ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ , sighted, 1 ♂and 1 ♀photographed (37812073, 37811765,

posed); 2.09.2018: 1 ♂collected. Loc 22: 14. 08. 2015: 1 ♀collected and photographed

(37812277,

posed); ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted (10 locations).

Observations.

The commonest lestid species in the region.

Lestes temporalis

Selys, 1883

(Fig. 16)

Loc 13: 8-9.2011: 5 ♂ ♂ , 4 ♀ ♀ collected, numerous ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted; 26 and 27. 08.2011:

2♀ ♀ photographed (37816605, 37756825); 1.09.2015: ♂ ♂,♀ ♀ sighted, 1 ♂, 2 ♀ ♀ photo

graphed (37812488, 37812470, 37812448, posed); 7.08.2020: 3 ♂♂ , 3 ♀ ♀ collected, 2

♂ ♂ , 4 ♀ ♀ photographed (63812022, 63812000, 63811941, 63811895 (in hand), 63811881

(in hand), 63811864) (Fig. 16). Loc 14: 9.09.2018: 2 ♂♂ , 2 ♀ ♀ collected, 1 ♂photographed

(37756521). Loc 17: 08.2011: 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀ ♀ collected; 1 ♂photographed (37816491); 30.08.2018:

♂♂,♀ ♀ collected, 1 ♂and ♀ ♀ photographed (3 localities).

Remarks.

Strikingly, the ecology and behaviour of this species is nearly identical to the

two species of the West Palearctic genus

Chalcolestes

. Tandems of both oviposit into

branches of trees and bushes and do not use grasses, except for the thickest and

highest ones. For this they often ascend to tree or bush crowns, while males search for

females moving in them vertically rather than horizontally. Besides,

L. temporalis

is very

similar to

Chalcolestes

also in morphology: the males have disproportionally long abdome

as compared to the other three

Lestes

spp. in the region, while in females

is club-

like swollen. Most probably

L. temporalis

actually belongs to

Chalcolestes

, be it

a genus

or subgenus. Anyway, the genus

Lestes

has not yet been revised with the use of

molecular

phylogeny and is still a mess as including a number of tropical species far

more dissimilar

to its type species than

Chalcolestes

spp.; and such a revision is badly missing (Kosterin

2018).

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IDF-Report 177

Observations.

This species is local in Primorye as being there at the northern margin of

its range. There it prefers a seasonally drying small water bodies, mostly shaded by woods.

Thus, at Loc 17 a large population inhabits an inundated section of a forest ground road,

where it breeds together with

Sympetrum risi

. (It is noteworthy that the latter species

always co-occurred with

L. temporalis

). At Ecofarm (Loc 14),

L. temporalis

was found

exclusively in bush and tree groves on inundated meadows and did not extend to the

ponds.

Sympecma paedisca

Brauer 1877

Loc 17: 7.09.2011: ♂collected. Loc 18: 1.09.2018: 1 ♀photographed (37528698). Loc 21:

30. 08. 2015: 1 ♂collected and photographed (37816328, posed); 3.09.2015: 1 ♀col

lected

and photographed (37816308, posed). 42. 804 N, 131.252 E (inundated ditches along

the railroad): 29.08. 2018: 1 ♀photographed (37528723, posed). 43.574 N, 131.854 E:

21.06.217: 1 ♀photographed (37423613) (3 localities).

Observations.

Only solitary young individuals were met with.

CALOPTERYGIDAE (2 species)

Atrocalopteryx atrata

(Selys, 1853)

Loc 21: 08.2011, 1 ♂collected, several sighted; 5.09.2015: 1 ♂collected and photo-

graphed (38831312, posed); 7.09.2018: 1 ♂collected and photographed (37520145).

Loc 23: 08-09.2011: 4 ♂♂, 2 ♀ ♀ collected, numerous sighted; 14.08. 2015: 1 ♂collected

and photographed (103815262, posed); 28. 08.2015: 2 ♀♀, 1 ♂collected, 3 ♂ ♂ photo-

graphed (37815432 (posed), 37815378 (posed), 37815399); 29.08.2015: 1 ♂collected

and photographed (37815415, posed); 6.09.2018: 1 ♀collected and photographed (37520158,

in hand); 7.09.2018: 1 ♂sighted (2 localities).

Observations.

Interestingly, this species has never been observed by us at rivers while

solitary individuals, rarely small groups, quite often occurred at the sea coast. On 7.09.2018,

two males were observed which patrolled an inundated ditch (Loc 21) and a pool (Loc

23). I t remains unknown if the species is able to breed in such water bodies or the male

territorial behaviour was misplaced, however Yakubovich (2014) reported facts of this

species’ breeding in a lentic habitat, an artificial pond near Khabarovsk.

Calopteryx japonica

Selys, 1869

Loc 1: 08.2011: 4 ♂ ♂ , 2 ♀ ♀ collected, numerous ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 5: 14. 08.2015:

1♂collected and photographed (37815690, posed); 15. 08.2015: 1 ♀collected and

photographed (37462084, posed). Loc 7: 4.08.2011: 1 ♂collected and photographed

(37815698); 7.08.2011: 1 ♂collected and photographed (37815645), few ♂ ♂ sighted;

14. 08.2011, 1 ♂collected and photographed, several ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 8:

14. 08.2015;

1♂collected and photographed (37462105); Loc 9: 08. 2011: 1 ♂collected, numerous

♂♂ and ♀ ♀ sighted; 23.08.2011: 1 ♀photographed (37815712, posed). Loc 12: 08-09.2011,

6 specimens collected; numerous ♂ ♂ and ♀ ♀ sighted; 30. 08.2011: 1 ♀photographed

(37815750); 23.08.2015: 1 ♀photographed (37815581); 07.2017: few ♂ ♂ sighted. Loc 14:

30.08.2018: 1 ♂sighted; 1.09.2018: 1 ♀sighted. Loc 15: 30.08.2018: 1 ♀sighted. Loc 21:

08-09.2011: few individuals sighted; 30.08.2018: 1 ♀collected and photographed (37811360).

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Onish ko, Kosterin & Voinov

IDF-Report 177

Loc 23: 28. 08. 2015: 1 ♂collected and photographed (10 localities).

Observations.

Common at rivers of any type.

COENAGRIONIDAE (10 species)

Coenagrion ecornutum

(Selys, 1872)

Loc 27: 19.06.2017: numerous ♂ ♂ and ♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 28: 21.06.2017: 1 ♂collected and

photographed (37461912, posed), numerous ♂ ♂ and ♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 29: 18.06.2017:

♂ ♂ sighted. Loc 30: 21.06.2017: 2 ♂ ♂ collected, 1 ♂photographed (37461896, posed),

♂♂ and ♀ ♀ sighted. 43.375 N, 131.747 E: 19.06.2017: 1 ♂, 1 ♀collected and photographed

(37461959, 37461949, both posed), numerous ♂ ♂ and ♀ ♀ sighted (5 localities).

Observations.

This species, very numerous in the region in the first half of the summer, pre

dominated over other Coenagronidae at localities where it occurred.

Coenagrion glaciale

(Selys, 1872)

Loc 27: 19.06.2017: 1 ♂sighted and photographed (104270342, posed). Loc 30: 21.06.2017:

1♂collected and photographed (37461729) (2 localities).

Observations.

While other

Coenagrion

spp. were widespread in the region, this one was

met only twice, within 19th-21st June, most probably for its well-known early flight period.

The male found at Lake Soldatskoe (Loc 27) demonstrated a very aggressive territorial

behaviour not observed in other

Coenagrion

spp. The male perched on a fishermen’s fork

stick protruding from the water, from time to time made fast flights for 5-7 m and returned

immediately. During them it tried to chase out not only zygopterans but also anisopterans,

e.g.,

Trigomphus nigripes

. Another male was collected, among numerous

C. ecornutum

, at

Nakhodka Town (Loc 30), in dense grass at a small pond where the damselflies concen

trated at rainy weather.

10.

Coenagrion hastulatum

Charpentier, 1825

Loc 25: 18. 06. 2017: 1 ♂collected, ♂ ♂ sighted. Loc 29: 21.06. 2017: 3 ♂ ♂ collected and

photographed (104270623, 37461518, 37436971, all posed), ♂ ♂ sighted (2 localities)

Observations.

A species rare in the region. Curiously, at Loc 25 it was found together

with a very close species

C. lanceolatum

, which predominated. Only males were found.

They were smaller than those of

C. lanceolatum

, and almost never abandoned dense

vegetation, by this behaviour rather resembling

C. johanssoni

i. At the same time males

C. lanceolatum

often appeared at open water and more readily exhibited territorial be

haviour.

11.

Coenagrion hylas

Trybom 1889

(Fig. 17)

Loc 3: 2–15.08 2011: 5 ♂ ♂ , 5 ♀ ♀ collected, many ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted; 13.08.2015: many

♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted, 3 ♂ ♂ photographed (37837473, 37777848 (posed), 37437250 (posed));

3.08. 2020: 3 ♂ ♂ collected, 3 ♂ ♂ , 1 ♀ ♀ photographed (63811092 (in hand), 61473175,

61473063) (Fig. 17), many ♂♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 4: 06-09.2011: 2 ♂♂ , 2 ♀ ♀ collected;

6.08.2011: 1 ♂photographed (37837277, posed); 9.08.2011: 1 ♀photographed (37815071,

posed). Loc 14: 3.09.2015: several ♂ ♂ sighted. Loc 22: 08.2011: solitary ♂ ♂ sighted.

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IDF-Report 177

Loc 26: 06.2017: 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀ ♀ collected, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ♀ photographed (37437212, 37437175,

both posed), many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted (5 localities).

Observations.

Occurs at forest lakes and ponds and is more common in taigous habitats.

In the coastal zone of Region I I , it occurred by solitary individuals and was inferior to

its congeners in number. Males readily appear at open water and can for a long time scru

tinise their territories, thus resembling

Enallagma

. However, such behaviour was rare

where the species was abundant.

12.

Coenagrion johanssoni

(Wallengren, 1894)

(Fig. 18)

Loc 3: 2-15.08 2011: 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀ ♀ collected, many ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted; 13. 08. 2015: 1 tandem

photographed (37437128); 15.08.2015: many ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted, 1 ♂, 1 ♀photographed

(37777795 (posed), 37837507); 3.08.2020: 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀ ♀ collected; many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted,

1♂, (63810895), 2 ♀ ♀ (63811175, 63811149 both in hand), 2 tandems (63811127,

61481105) (Fig. 18a) photographed. Loc 18: 08.2011: few ♂ ♂ sighted; 6.09.2018: 1 ♂

sighted; 7. 08.2020: 2 ♂ ♂, 2 ♀ ♀ collected, 1 ♂(63811459, in hand), 2 ♀ ♀ (63812090

(in

Figure 17. Tandems

Coenagrion hylas

at a small forest lake

at Tigrovoy village,

Loc 3, 3.08.2020. O.K.

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Onish ko, Kosterin & Voinov

IDF-Report 177

hand), 63812058), 3 tandems (62634773; 62634776, 63812048) (Fig. 18b) photographed,

many ♂ ♂,♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 22: 08.2011: ♂ ♂,♀ ♀ sighted; 31.08.2018: 1 ♂sighted. Loc 26:

21.06.2017: many ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 30: 20.06.2017: few ♂ ♂ sighted (5 localities).

Remarks.

Females from Region I strongly differed from those from European Russia

and Siberia in coloration of their abdomen tip. They had their S8-S10 largely blue above,

S8 with a black ring at middle and S9 at its anterior margin (and the regular

lateral black

stripes) (Fig. 18a), while in the European and Siberian females the blue or

green colour

predominates only on S10, is confined to the lateroposterior spots and

posterior ring S9,

and to the posterior ring on S8. In females of Khasan District, even the S8 central

ring

was somewhat reduced (Fig. 18b). In males, the abdominal black spots are also shrunken

as compared to the European and Siberian specimens, occupying less than half

of the

dorsal sides of S3-S6; the black streak on the interpleural suture is interrupted to result

in an isolated dot, and the black lateral stripes on S2 do not reach the posterior

segment

margin (Fig. 18). These characters perfectly fit to those of

Coenagrion conva

lescens

Bartenef, 1914, described from Imyanpo Station in Manchuria (presently China, H eilong-

jiang Province, Shangzhi County, Yimianpo) (Bartenef 1914) and downgraded

to the

subspecies

Agrion concinnum convalescens

by Haritonov (1976) (the implied specific name

Agrion concinnum

Johansson, 1859 was replaced with

johanssoni

as a junior homo

nym

Agrion johanssoni

Rambur, 1842).

At the same time, already in females of

C. johanssoni

from the more northerly situated

Kirovskiy District of the same Primorye, the black colour expands on S8 to occupy most

of its dorsal side, while the interruption of the black streak on the interpleural suture and

the S2 lateral black stripes in males is variable (see our photos of tandems in iNaturalist

observations 59843367 and 59798646). So, even within Primorye, there seems to be

a cline of shrinkage of the black colour in

C. johanssoni

, which is in line with a similar

Figure 18. Tandems of

Coenagrion johanssoni

: a - at the forest lake at Tigrovoy vil-

lage, Loc 3, 3.08.2020; b – at a peat-moss bog by the Ryazanovka River, Loc 18, 7.08.2020.

O.K.

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Results of odonatologi cal studies in southern Primorye, Russia, in 2011-2020

IDF-Report 177

clinal

reduction of the black pattern from north to south observed in many damselfly and

dragon

fly species all over the Palaearctic. This makes isolation of subspecies in

C. jo-

hanssoni

problematic and hardly deserved (Onishko & Kosterin 2021).

Observations.

A numerous species preferring water bodies and bogs densely overgrown

with sedge and grasses, where it can be the most numerous damselfly.

13.

Coenagrion lanceolatum

(Selys, 1872)

Loc 3: 15.08 2011: few ♂♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted. 14.08.2015 1 ♂photographed (37777770, posed).

Loc 4: 08.2011: 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀ ♀ collected, of them 1 ♂photographed (37814873, posed)

on 5.08.2011, 1 ♀photographed (37757126, posed) on 8.08.2011. Loc 7: 08. 2011: 1

♂, 1 ♀collected in tandem. Loc 20: 08.2011: 3 ♂♂ collected. 19.08.2015: 1 ♂photographed

(37777738, posed). Loc 22: 08.2011: 2 ♂♂ collected. Loc 25: 19.06.2017: 1 ♂collected and

photographed (37777570, posed), few ♂ ♂ sighted (6 localities).

Observations.

The commonest damselfly in the region, occurring at water bodies of

any type,

including lotic ones.

14.

Erythromma najas humerale

Selys, 1887

Loc 14: 03.09.2015: 5 ♂ ♂, 2 ♀ ♀ collected, few ♂ ♂,♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 19: 08.2011: 2 ♂♂,

3♀ ♀ collected, many ♂ ♂,♀ ♀ sighted; 26.08.2015: 3 ♂ ♂, 3 ♀ ♀ collected, of them 1 ♂

photographed (37838234, posed), many ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 30: 19.06.2017: 2 ♂ ♂

ollected, of them 1 ♂photographed (37838672, posed), few ♂♂ sighted (3 localities)

Observations.

A rather common but rarely abundant species occurring at larger lentic water

bodies (lakes) where it keeps to open water, as a rule together with representatives of

the related genus Paracercion, with which this species also shares its ecology.

15.

Ischnura asiatica

(Brauer, 1865)

(Fig. 19)

Loc 14: 08-09. 2015: many ♂♂,♀ ♀ seen; 27.08.2015: 1 ♂photographed (37435651, posed);

28.08. 2015: 1 ♀photographed (37435675, posed); 30.08–06.09.2018: ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ many

seen, 5 ♂♂, 5 ♀ ♀ collected. Loc 15: 08.2011, 2015, 2018: many sightings of solitary

♂♂,♀ ♀ on dispersal; 29.08. 2018: 1 ♀photographed (37589051); 10. 09.2018: 1 ♂photo

graphed (37465717). Loc 18: 19.08.2011 1♂collected, 30.08-06.09. 2018: ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀

many seen; 1.09.2018: 1 ♀photographed (37589063); 7.08.2020: 1 ♀photographed

(62538642) (Fig. 19c) and collected. Loc 19: 25.08 – 04.09 2011: ♂ ♂,♀ ♀ many seen, 5 ♂♂,

5♀ ♀ collected; 25.08–04.09 2015: many ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ seen. Loc 20: 08–09.2011, 2015, 2018:

many ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted; 23. 08.2011: 1 ♂photographed (37839923, posed); 30.08.2018:

3♂♂, 3 ♀ ♀ collected. Loc 21: 08.2011, 2015, 2018: many sightings of solitary ♂ ♂,♀ ♀

on dispersal; 30. 08.2018: 1 ♂photographed (37589088) (Fig. 19a). Loc 22: 08-09.2011,

2015, 2018: many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted; 25.08.2011: 1 copula photographed (37815012) and

collected; 27. 08.2011: 1 ♂photographed (37839913, posed), 31. 08.2018: 1 ♀photo-

graphed (37409354) (Fig. 19b). Loc 23: 08. 2011, 2015, 2018: many sightings of solitary

♂♂,♀ ♀ on dispersal. Loc 28: 28.08.2018: 1 ♀collected (9 localities).

Observations.

Common in Khasan District but never numerous. Both young and mature

imagines were regularly observed until 6 September (the end of fieldwork), often far

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IDF-Report 177

from water. This evidences a prolonged emergence and active dispersal soon thereafter,

so that imagines mature beyond their breeding places.

16.

Nehalennia speciosa

(Charpentier, 1840)

(Fig. 20)

Loc 18: 19.08.2011: 1 ♂collected, 3. 08.2020: many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted, 1 ♀photographed (62649322)

(Fig. 20). Loc.29: 20.06.2017: few ♂ ♂ sighted (2 localities).

Observations.

Occurs in dense riparian sedge and on peat-moss bogs. While in the western

part of the range this species mostly prefers the latter habitats (Bernard & Wildermuth

2005), its flourishing in sedgy habitats is a feature of the Far Eastern populations (Onishko

& Kosterin 2021). Still abundant in early August but becomes rare to the end of this month.

17.

Paracercion calamorum calamorum

(Ris, 1916)

(Fig. 21)

Loc 14: 09. 2015: many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted; 30.08.2018–06.09.2018: 3 ♂♂, 4 ♀ ♀

collected, many ♂ ♂,♀ ♀ sighted; 30.08.2018: 1 ♂(37527127, Fig. 21, right), 1 ♀(37519717,

posed) photographed, 1 and 8. 09. 2018: 2 ♂ ♂ photographed (37527178, 37527136);

9.09.2018: 1 ♂, 1 tandem photographed (37779147, 37465403, Fig. 21 left). Loc 19:

Figure 19. ♂ (a) and ♀ ♀ (b-c) of

Ischnura asiatica

: a – at the cliffy coast S of the Ryazanoka

River delta, Loc 21, 30.08.2018, V.O.; b – at a swamp at the Zaklyuchennaya River

mouth, 31.08.2018, V.O.; c – at a peat-moss bog by the Ryazanovka River, Loc 18,

7.08.2020. O.K.

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IDF-Report 177

Figure 20. An andro-

chromatic female of

Nehalennia speciosa

at the peat-moss bog

by the Ryazanovka

River, Loc 18,

7.08.2020. O.K.

25.08. 2011–04. 09. 2011: 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀ ♀ collected, many ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted;

28.08. 2011:

1 tandem photographed (37757184); 1.09.2011: 1 ♂photographed (37757212,

posed);

25.08. 2015–04.09 2015: many ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 28: 28.08.2018: many ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀

sighted (3 localities).

Observations.

This most common and abundant representative of the genus in the south

ern Primorye, which may predominate among Zygoptera in certain habitats, has not

however been registered in Region I. Prefers open lakes with scarce bank vegetation.

Males patrol open aquatories, perching on floating vegetation, in this behaviour resembling

E. najas

Figure 21. A tandem (left) and male (right) of

Paracercion calamorum calamorum

fishery ponds at Ecofarm, Loc 14, 30.08.2018 (left) and 9.09.2018 (right). V.O.

24 |

Onish ko, Kosterin & Voinov

IDF-Report 177

18.

Paracercion hieroglyphicum

(Brauer, 1865)

(Fig. 22a)

Loc 14: 31.08. 2918: 1 ♂, 1 ♀photographed (103471295, Fig. 22a); Loc 20: 08-09.2015,

08-09.2018: many ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted; 31. 08.2918: 1 ♂, 1 ♀photographed (37527207

(posed), 37519922); 30.08. 2018: 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀collected. Loc 19: 25.08.2011–04.09.

2011: 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀ ♀ collected, many ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted; 19.08. 2015: many ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted,

1♀photographed (37519605); 28.08.2015: 1 ♀photographed (37519702, posed) (3

localities).

Observations.

Habitats and habits as in

P. calamorum

and

P. v-nigum

but strongly inferior

to them in number.

19.

Paracercion plagiosum

(Needham, 1930)

Loc 22: 30.08.2011: 1♀collected (1 locality).

Observations.

The only female was found at a small pool near the Zaklyuchennaya

River.

Figure 22. ♂ ♂ of

racercion hierogly

phicum

(a) and P

. v-

nigrum

(b) at fishery

ponds at Ecofarm,

Loc 14, 31.08.2018

(left) and 30.08.2018

(right). V.O.

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IDF-Report 177

20.

Paracercion v-nigrum

(Needham, 1930)

(Fig. 22b)

Loc 14: 30.08.2018–06.09.2018: 3 ♂ ♂, 4 ♀ ♀ collected, many ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted; 30.08.2018:

3♂ ♂ photographed, (37519672 (Fig. 22b), 37519664 (posed)). Loc 19: 25.08.2011–04.09.

2011: 3 ♂ ♂ , 2 ♀ ♀ collected, many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted; 25.08.2015–04.09 2015: many

♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted; 25. 08. 2015: ♂photographed (37519935, posed). Loc 22: 30.08.2011:

2♂ ♂ collected (3 localities).

Observations.

Common in southern Primorye, resembles

P. calamorum

in the lifestyle but

more readily occurs in grass at some distance from water, and is also inferior to it in num

ber.

PLATYCNEMIDI DAE (1 species)

21.

Platycnemis phyllopoda

Djakonov, 1926

Loc. 10: 27.08.2015: 1 ♀photographed (37424194, posed). Loc 14: 30. 08.2018–06.09.2018:

2♂ ♂ , 4 ♀ ♀ collected, many ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted; 30.08.2018: 1 ♂photographed (37527595,

posed). Loc. 16: 19.08.2015: 1 ♂photographed (37424186, posed). Loc 19: 25.08.2011–04.09.

2011: 2 ♂ ♂ , 2 ♀ ♀ collected, many ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted; 25.08.2015–04.09.2015: many

♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted; Loc. 20: 23.08. 2011: 1 ♀photographed (37757551). Loc 22: 23.08.2011:

1♂photographed (37815126). Loc 28: 28.08.2018: 1 ♂collected (7 localities).

Observations.

A common but never abundant damselfly occurring at lentic water bodies or

river reaches without current. Mature males often examine vegetation up to 5-10 m

apart from water for females.

AESHNI DAE (4 species)

22.

Aeshna caerulea

(Ström, 1783)

Loc 7: 5. 08. 2011: 1 ♂sighted.

Observations.

At about 10 a. m. of the above-mentioned day, a male landed on a wooden

ladder in the tourist base yard and was scrutinised visually in detail and so reliably identified

by V.O. An attempt to take a picture failed: the dragonfly flew high into tree crowns. Small

lakes with peat-moss banks, suitable for this species, were never found in Region I by

us but could exist higher in the mountains, so most probably we observed a far stray.

23.

Aeshna crenata

Hagen, 1856

(Fig. 23)

Loc 1: 08.2011: 1 ♂collected, few ♂ ♂ sighted. Loc 3: 08.2011: 5 ♂♂, 5 ♀ ♀ collected, many

♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted; 12.08.2011: 1 ♂, 2 ♀ ♀ (Fig. 23 right) photographed (38826159,

37463073); 13. 08. 2015: 2 ♂ ♂ , 2 ♀ ♀ collected; many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted, 1 ♀photographed

(37463039, posed); 14. 08.2015: 1 ♂photographed (37462933, posed). 3.08.2020: 1 ♂

photographed (63811077, in hand), several ♂ ♂ sighted. Loc 4: 08. 2011: many ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀

sighted; 4.08.2011: 1 ♂photographed (38826152); 9.08.2011: 1 copula (37463314), 1 ♀

(103487994, posed) photographed; 12.08. 2011: 1 ♂photographed (37405978, posed).

Loc 7: 08.2011: 10 ♂♂, 5 ♀ ♀ collected, many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted; 9. 08.2011: a copula (37463283,

Fig. 23 left) and 2 ♀ ♀ (103488035 (posed), 37463335 (in hand)) photographed;

10.08. 2011:

26 |

Onish ko, Kosterin & Voinov

IDF-Report 177

1♂photographed (37405976, in hand); 14.08.2011: 1 ♂photographed (374059771, in

hand; 08.2015 ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ many seen. Loc 8: 08. 2011: many ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted; 9.08.2011:

1♂photographed (37405980, 37405981, both in hand). Loc. 13: 25.08.2011: 1 ♀photo

graphed

(103487907, posed). Loc 14: 09.2015: many ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted; 1 and 7.09.2015: 2 ♂ ♂

photographed (104271233, 38831384, both posed)’ 30. 08.18, 1.09.2018, 2. 09.2018,

8.09.2018, 9.09.2018: many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted, Loc 15: 08-09.2011: 3 ♂ ♂ 2♀ ♀ col-

lected, numerous ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted foraging, also after sunset; 30.08–09.09.2018: 3 ♂ ♂

3♀ ♀ collected, many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted; 30.08.2018: 1 ♀photographed (37519972):

6.09.2018: 1 ♀photographed (103471945, in hand). Loc 17: 08-09.2011: 5 ♂♂, 5 ♀ ♀

collected, numerous ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted on foraging, also after sunset. Loc 18: 29.08.18:

1♂seen; 7.08.2020: 1 ♂collected and photographed (63812349, in hand). Loc 19: 09.2011:

few ♂ ♂ sighted; 13. 08. 2015: few ♂ ♂ sighted, 1 copula photographed (103487768).

Loc 22: 08-09.2011: few solitary ♂ ♂ sighted at open places at bridges; 01.09.2015: 1

♂photographed (37462899, posed); 1–8.09.2018: solitary ♂ ♂ sighted. Loc 28: 28.08.2018:

many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted (l3 localities); Loc 29: 4.08. 2020: 1 ♂sighted (l4 localities).

Observations.

The most numerous representative of Aeshnidae in southern Primorye.

Occurs at various water bodies, preferring forest biotopes. These dragonflies forage at

daytime and in the evening at forest margins, along roads, sometimes along the sea

coast, often along with other dragonflies but does not form swarms. On these foraging

flights they do not pay attention to other dragonfly species, either as rivals or prey.

24.

Aeshna juncea

(Linnaeus, 1758) ssp.

(Fig. 24)

Loc. 1: 3.08.2020: 1 ♂photographed (63811268, in hand). Loc 3: 08.2011: 10 ♂ ♂ , 5

♀ ♀ collected; 10.08.2011: 1 ♀photographed (38832207, posed), many ♂♂,♀ ♀ seen;

08. 15: 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀ ♀ collected; many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted; 17. 08. 2015: 5 ♂ ♂

photographed

Figure 23. A copula (left) and ovipositing female (right) of

Aeshna crenata

in Tigrovoy

settlement: at Tigrovyy Put’ Tourist Base, Loc 7, 9.08.2011 (left) and the small forest

lake, Loc 3, 12.08.2011 (right). V.O.

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Results of odonatologi cal studies in southern Primorye, Russia, in 2011-2020

IDF-Report 177

(38832419 (in hand), 38832408, 38832380, 38831266, 37462843, all posed); 2.08.2020:

l♀collected and photographed (63810857, in hand); 3.08.2020: 1 teneral ♂photographed

(61748424), 1 ♂, 1 ♀sighted. Loc 4: 08. 2011: 2 ♂ ♂ (1 teneral)

collected; 5.08.2011:

1♂photographed (38832291, in hand). Loc 7: 08.2011: 5 ♂ ♂ collected, many ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀

sighted; 6.08.2011: 1 ♂photographed (37463131, in hand); 10.08.2011: 1 ♂photographed

(37814924, (posed). Loc 8: 08.2011: many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted; 5.08.2011: 1 ♂

photographed

(38832488 posed); 7. 08. 2011: 1 ♂photographed (38826371

in hand); 8.08. 2011: 1 ♀

photographed (38826377, in hand); 11.08.2011: 1 ♀photographed

(37814908, posed);

15 and 16.08.2015: 2 ♀ ♀ photographed (38832512, 38832340);

17.08.2015: 1 ♂photo

graphed (38832529, posed). Loc 13: 8.09.18: 1 ♂sighted. Loc 15:

8.09.2018: 1 ♂photo

graphed (37409963) (Fig. 24). Loc 17: 5♂ ♂, 5 ♀ ♀ collected. 08-09.2011:

numerous ♂♂,

♀ ♀ sighted foraging, also after sunset. Loc 18: 08-09. 2011: 5♂♂, 1♀

collected, many

♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted; 1–9.09.2018: 5♂ ♂ 3♀ ♀ collected, many ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ seen; 8. 09.2018: 1 ♂

photographed (37594366, posed); 7.08.2020: 2 ♀ ♀ collected and photographed (63812304,

63812040, both in hand). Loc 28: 28. 08.2018: many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted

(10 localities).

Remarks.

In South Primorye, all males of this species strongly differ from those from

the European Russia, Ural, Siberia and Kamchatka by broader and brighter antehumeral

stripes and presence of additional backward tooth at the middle of each pale spot of

the central dorsal pair on S2-S5 (Fig. 24) (being simple triangles in the above-mentioned

regions), sh aring the latter character with

A. subarctica

Walker, 1908 (Onishko &

Kosterin 2021). Females from Primorye are more similar to those from elsewhere but

their humeral stripes are also broader and longer.

Figure 24. ♂ of

Aeshna juncea

the road between

Ecofarm and the

coast in the Ryaza

nov

ka village vicini

ties, Loc 15, 08.09.

2018. V.O.

28 |

Onish ko, Kosterin & Voinov

IDF-Report 177

Bartenef (1929) described the subspecies

Aeschna juncea orientalis

Bartenef, 1929

with reference to his series of 8 ♂ ♂ from the Odarka River in Primorye, 2 ♂ ♂ and 2 ♀ ♀

from the Khabarobvsk District, 1 ♀from Nikolaevsk-na-Amure in the Amur River lowermost

reaches (Bartenef 1914), and an additional female from Kamchatka (Bol’shoy reik). In his

huge and seemingly comprehensive Table 2 (Bartenev 1929) he enumerated states of

numerous characters, often quantitative, but did not mention the additional tooth on the middle

pair dorsal spots of the abdominal segments (MD in his terms). The name

orientalis

Bartenef,

1929 is available for a subspecies of

A. juncea

from the southern Far East, if any, however

isolation of subspecies in this very variable species is problematic (Belevich 2005).

Observations.

Common and often numerous in Primorye, mostly associated with forest

lakes and bogs; often forages at forest margins and above roads. I t was regularly observed

on evening foraging flights, along with other Anisoptera.

25.

Aeshna soneharai

Asahina, 1988

(Fig. 25)

Loc 14: 30.08.2018: 1 ♂sighted; 01.09.2018: few ♂ ♂ sighted; 02.09. 2018: few ♂ ♂

sighted. Loc 15: 08-09.2011: numerous ♂ ♂ and ♀ ♀ . 30. 08–06.09.2018: many ♂♂,♀ ♀

sighted. Loc 16: 2.09. 2011: 5 ♂♂ collected, 1 copula (37596115), 2 ♂♂ (37405696) photo

graphed (Fig. 25), many ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 17: 08-09.2011: 5 ♂ ♂ collected, numerous

♂ ♂ and ♀ ♀ sighted; 2.09.2011: 1 ♂photographed (37596143). Loc 18: 29.08.2011:

Fi gure 25 . Co pul a (l eft) and ♂ ♂ of

Aeshna soneharai

at the Poyma River delta, Loc 16,

2.09.2011. V.O.

| 29

Results of odonatologi cal studies in southern Primorye, Russia, in 2011-2020

IDF-Report 177

1♂collected and photographed (posed); 4.09.2018: ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ many seen (on evening for

age flight). Loc 19: 2.09.2011: 3 ♂♂ , 1 ♀collected, ♂ ♂,♀ ♀ sighted, 1 ♀photographed

(37405697, in hand). Loc 22: 08-09.2011: 5 ♂ ♂ collected, many ♂♂,♀♀; 1–5.09.2015:

many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted; 1–8.09.2018: 3 ♂ ♂ collected; many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted;

2.09.2018:

1♂photographed (37596079) (7 localities).

Remarks.

The specimens from Primorye have smaller pale spots of the abdomen as com

pared to the European and Siberian ones but demonstrate all other diagnostic features

of this species considered by Onishko et.al. (2022) while substantiating the split of what used

to be known as

Aeshna mixta

Latreille, 1805 in two species.

Observations.

Found only in Region II and mostly in coastal habitats. Most common at

the lowermost river reaches with thick ridge thickets near the sea, where it predominates

over other Aeshnidae. Solitary imagines often forage along the sea coast the evening

until darkness, neither forming swarms of their own nor participating in forage swarms

of other species.

26.

Anax julius

Brauer, 1865

(Fig. 26-27)

Loc 12: 08.2011: 5 ♀ ♀ collected, many ♂ ♂ and ♀ ♀ many sighted; 22.08. 2011: 1 ♀photo

graphed (37462378, in hand and posed); 26.08. 2011: 1 ♀photographed (103512557);

31.08. 2011: 1 ♂photographed (37462409); 1.09.2011: 1 ♀photographed (103512482);

1–9.09.2015: 5 ♂ ♂ collected, numerous ♂♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted foraging, also after sunset; 1–8.09.2018:

5♂♂, 2 ♀ ♀ collected, many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 14: 20.08.2015: 1 ♂photographed

(103511310,

posed); 5.09.2015: 1 ♂collected and photographed (38833376); 7.09. 2015:

1♂photographed (38831400, posed); 30.08.2018: 3 ♂ ♂ , 3 ♀ ♀ collected, many ♂ ♂ ,

♀ ♀ sighted; 1.09.2018: many ♂ ♂,♀ ♀ sighted; 2.09.2018; many ♂♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted, 1 ♂,

1♀photographed (37610135 (Fig. 26a), 37410394). Loc 15: 08-09. 2011: many ♂♂,

♀ ♀ sighted foraging, also after sunset; 31.08.2011: 1 ♂photographed (103512529);

1.09.2015: 1 ♀photographed (103511240). Loc 16: 02.09. 2011: many ♂♂,♀ ♀ seen. Loc

17: 08-09.2011: solitary ♂ ♂ and ♀ ♀ sighted foraging, also after sunset; 1.09.2011: 1

♂

Figure 26. a young ♂ (a) and ♀ (b) of

Anax julius

: a – at fishery ponds of Ecofarm,

Loc 14, 2.09.2018; b - Loc 21, 6.09.2018. V.O.

30 |

Onish ko, Kosterin & Voinov

IDF-Report 177

photographed (103512502). Loc 18: 4.09.2018: many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted on foraging after

sunset. Loc 19: 2.09. 2011: 5 ♂ ♂ , 1 ♀collected, many ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted; 20.08.2015:

2♂♂ photographed (103511432, 37462368, both posed); 5.09.2015: many ♂♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted.

Loc 20: 08–09.2011: 1 ♀collected, many ♂ ♂,♀ ♀ sighted; 1–10.09. 2015: many ♂♂,♀ ♀ seen.

Loc 21: 08-09.2011: 5 ♂ ♂, 5 ♀ ♀ collected, many ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted; 22.08.2011: 1 ♀photo

graphed

(103511171, posed); 30.08.2011: 1 ♂photographed (37778041, posed);

18.08–9.09.2015: many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted foraging, also after sunset; 1–8.09.2018: 3 ♂♂,

3♀ ♀ collected, many ♂♂,♀ ♀ seen; 6.09.2018: 1 ♀photographed (37610149, Fig.

26b).

Loc 22: 08–09.2011: 5 ♂ ♂ collected, many ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted 20.08–9.09.2015: numerous

♂♂ and ♀ ♀ sighted foraging including after sunset, 5 ♂ ♂ collected, 19.08.2015: 3 ♀ ♀

photographed (103511574 (in hand), 103511551, 1 f 103511534 (posed), 20. 08. 2015: 4

♂♂ (103511487, 103511093, 103511056, 37462355, all posed); 1.09.2015: 1 ♂(37462446,

37462430, posed); 1–8. 09. 2018: 5 ♂♂, 2 ♀ ♀ collected, many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 23:

08-09.2011:

many ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted; 1–9.09.2015: many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted foraging, also

after sunset; 1–8.09.2018: many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted (11 localities).

Remarks.

The taxon

julius

Brauer, 1865 used to be considered as the East Palearctic sub

species of

Anax parthenope

(Selys, 1839) but was treated as

bona species

by Kalkman &

Proess (2015). It differs from the West Palearctic

A. parthenope

s. str. by a longer ptero-

stigma, a green rather than brown thorax (Fig. 26), the male cerci shape (Kalkman &

Proess 2015), absence of the distinct female morph with strongly smoked wings and

the abdomen dull brownish throughout, without a green/blue area at S1-S2 (females

julius

may have

variably smoked wings but always have the abdomen base largely green,

see Fig. 26b), and

a sedentary rather than migratory lifestyle (Onishko & Kosterin 2021).

Their geographical ranges may meet or overlap in China (Kalkman & Proess 2015) but

there the taxa seem not to have been distinguished so no exact information exists.

Recently, Makbun et al. (2022) undertook a phylogenetic analysis of some

Anax

spp. based

on a mitochondrial

COI

gene fragment. In the tree resulted, both specimens of

A. parthenope

s. str. from Europe (Italy and Austria) resided in the branch which also included

A. im-

perator

Leach, 1815 and

A. nigrofasciatus

while the opposite, sister branch was formed

by three specimens of ‘

A. parthenope

’ from South Korea, which were actually

A. julius

for some reason together with a specimen of ‘

A. parthenope

’ from United Arab Emirates.

The latter area is expected to be occupied by the western

A. parthenope

s. str. but this

position suggests it was

A. julius

as well, unless some label confusion was involved. Any

way, the deep separation of

A. parthenope

s. str and

A. julius

, with two other distinct species

clustered with the former, suggests doubtless specific status of both.

The shape of the anal appendages of both species is illustrated in Fig.27. The differences

are more than obvious. The apices of the male cerci are somewhat converging as curved

towards each other in

A. julius

(Fig. 27a) but not so in

A. parthenope

(Fig. 27b). The longi

tudinal ridges of the cerci are sharp and much better defined in

A. parthenope

(Fig. 27b)

while gentle in

A. julius

(Fig. 27a). Most important, in

A. parthenope

they are straight and

continue to the apical spine (Fig. 27b), while in

A. julius

they are apically curving towards the

inner margin and each other, as if to enclose an oval shape, while the apical spine sprouts

from the flat cercus surface (Fig. 27a). The cercus is relatively shorter in

A. julius

than

A. parthenope

: if measured from the point where its outer margin appears from S10 to

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Results of odonatologi cal studies in southern Primorye, Russia, in 2011-2020

IDF-Report 177

the apical spine, its length is ca 1,38 greater than the S10 breadth in the former while

ca 1.50 in the latter (Fig. 27). The epiproct is longer and rounded in

A. julius

but very short

and with a straight hind margin in

A. parthenope

(Fig. 27).

Observations.

On 15.09.2015, V.O. observed a large

Anax

sp. with bright green head and

thorax and bright red abdomen, which appeared at the forest lake of Loc 3, made several

patrolling rounds with attempts to chase out numerous males

A. crenata

and then disap-

peared. Strikingly, this was the only

Anax

observed in Region I. Its obvious territorial

behaviour suggested its being a mature male, but mature males of

A. julius

are not so

coloured (with a brownish abdomen, only immature males can have reddish, but never

bright red abdomen, see Fig. 26 left). That dragonfly was noticeably larger and stouter

than males of

A. crenata

. It is noteworthy that in July 2015, a very hot weather lasted for

about three weeks, which could favour migration of southern species. I t is not excluded

that this individual represented some other species of

Anax

, not yet recorded in Russia,

although we failed to figure out candidates. In this respect it is noteworthy that in 2021,

two cases of such a penetration into Primorye of the more southerly ranging

A. nigro-

fasciatus

(although by no means looking as described above) have been reported (Mali-

kova & Chistyakov 2021; Onishko et al. 2021).

GOMPHIDAE (6 species)

27.

Anisogomphus maackii

(Selys, 1872)

(Fig. 28)

Loc 14: 28.08. 2015: 1 ♀photographed (37462272, posed), 5.09. 2015: 1 ♂seen. Loc

20: 09. 2011: several individuals sighted; 20.08.2015: 1 ♀photographed (103512803,

Figure 27. Male cerci of

Anax julius

(a)

and

Anax parthenope

(b) and in dorsal view.

a - Russia, Primorskiy Kray, Kirovskiy

District, a big pond at Gornye Klyuchi

village SE environs, 46.22° N, 133.51°

E, 29.07.2020, V. Onishko & O. Kosterin

leg.; b - Russia, Republic of Dagestan,

Tabasaran District, 3 km SW of Sirtych

village, the big reservoir at the Karchag-

Su River, 41.82° N, 48.19° E, 22.06.2021,

V. Onishko & O. Kosterin leg.

32 |

Onish ko, Kosterin & Voinov

IDF-Report 177

posed). Loc 21: 2.09.2011: 2 ♂♂ , 1 ♀collected and photographed (103512735, 103512689,

37462241, all posed); 20.08.2015: 1 ♀collected and photographed (37462285, posed);

31.08.2018: 2 ♂ ♂ photographed (37610225 (posed), 37410542 (Fig. 28)). Loc 23: 31.08.2018:

1♂photographed (4 localities).

Observations.

For some reason, solitary old individuals were met with mostly at the sea

shore, where they landed on rocks and cliffs; few individuals were found at Ecofarm (Loc

14). At the same time the only potential breeding place of this species in the region could

be the Ryazanovka River, where it was never observed; few individuals occurred only

at its delta (Loc 20), nevertheless along the sea and cliffs rather than river arms.

28.

Davidius lunatus

(Bartenev, 1914)

(Fig. 29)

Loc 1: late-07-mid-08 2011: few old ♂ ♂ , ♀ ♀ sighted, photographed; 5.08.2011: 1 ♂

photographed (104270819, posed), 6.08.2011: 2 ♂ ♂ photographed (38248402,

7436395, both posed), 10.08.2011: 1 ♂ photographed (37777483, posed); 3. 08. 2020:

1 ♀ collected and photographed (63810970, in hand). Loc 2: late-07-mid-08. 2011: 2

♂ ♂ , 3 ♀ ♀ col lec ted, n um erou s ♂ ♂ , ♀ ♀ si ghte d. Lo c 3 : 2 .0 8. 202 0: 1 ♀ co lle cted and

photographed (62173124 (Fig. 29), 63811363 (in hand)). Loc 5: late-07-mid-08 2011:

few o ld ♂ ♂ , ♀ ♀ si gh ted, p hoto graph ed ( pose d). L oc 6: l ate-0 7-m id- 08 2 011: m any ♂ ♂ ,

♀ ♀ sighted; 6.08.2011: 1 ♂ photographed (104270876, posed). Loc 7: late-08–mid-

09. 2011: 2 old ♂ ♂ collected, few old ♂ ♂ , ♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 29: 19.06.2017: 1 ♀ collected,

Figure 28. ♂ of

Anisogomphus maacki

at coastal cli ffs between the Ryazanovka and

Zaklyuchennaya River mouths, Loc 21, 31.08.2018, V.O.

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2 ♀ ♀ photographed (37757777 (in hand), 37757724, (posed)), ♂ ♂ , ♀ ♀ sighted (7

localities).

Observations.

Found only in Region I, where it is associated with the Tigrovaya River

and maybe its tributaries.

29.

Ophiogomphus obscurus

Bartenev, 1909

(Fig. 30)

Loc 1: late-07-mid-08.2011: 7 ♂♂, 2 ♀ ♀ collected, many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted, photographed

6.08.2011: 1 ♂photographed (37744383), 14.08.2011: 2 ♂ ♂ photographed (37744325,

37424534, Fig. 30), 15. 08. 2011: 1 ♂photographed (37744363); 08.2015: many ♂♂,♀ ♀

sighted; 3.08.2020: several ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted, 1 ♀collected; 4 ♂ ♂ photographed (63811337,

63811289, 63811240 (in hand), 61480259). Loc 2: late-07-mid-08.2011: 3 ♂ ♂ , 3 ♀ ♀

collected. Loc 5: late-07-mid-08.2011: 4 ♂♂, 3 ♀ ♀ collected, many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 6:

ate-07-early-08.2011: few ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted; 5 and 13.08.2011: 2 ♂ ♂ collected and photo

graphed (37744271, 37744224, both posed). Loc 8: late-07-early-08.2011: few ♂♂,

♀ ♀ sighted; 08.2015: many ♂ ♂ sighted; 13.08.2015: 1 ♀photographed (37424543, posed).

Loc 12: mid-08-early-09. 2011: 3 ♂ ♂ collected, few ♂ ♂ sighted; 28. 08.2011: 1 ♂photo

graphed (37744313, in hand); 09.2018, few ♂ ♂ sighted. Loc 15: 09.2018: 1 ♀collected.

Loc 18: mid-08-early-09. 2011: 1 ♂collected, few ♀ ♀ sighted as arriving from the Rya

zanovka River; 09.2015: few ♂ ♂ sighted; 09. 2018: 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀collected, few ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀

sighted as arriving from the Ryazanovka River. Loc 29: 4.08.2020: many ♂♂ , few ♀ ♀

sighted,

Figure 29. ♀ of

Davidius lunatus

on a damp meadow by the small forest lake at Tigrovoy

village, Loc 3, 2.08.2020, O.K.

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IDF-Report 177

2♂♂ , 4 ♀ ♀ photographed (61400633, 64163179, 64163150, 64163132, 64163109, 63811448,

(in hand), 64163082) (9 localities).

Observations.

Common and sometimes numerous at the Tigrovaya River from where it

disperses broadly over Region I. In Region I I was scarce at the Ryazanovka River from

where

sometimes it penetrated to the nearby bog or ground road.

30.

Sieboldius albardae

Selys, 1886

Loc 12: 22.08.2011: 1 ♀collected and photographed (37423844, posed). Loc 20: late-

08-early.09.2011: few ♂ ♂,♀ ♀ sighted, 29.08.2011: 1 ♂collected and photographed (37424144,

37423839) (both posed); 6.09.2018: 1 ♂collected and photographed (37527706, posed);

7.09.2018: 1 ♂sighted. Loc 23: 09. 2011: 1♂collected. Loc 29: 4.08.2020: 1 ♂photo-

graphed (64163210), 1 ovipositing ♀sighted (4 localities)

Observa

tions.

In Region I I , this species most probably breeds in the Ryazanovka River,

although just one female was obtained near it. At the same time, solitary old individuals

were repeatedly observed in 2011 and 2018 on coastal cliffs. Most probably, August-

September was too late for this species and in June-July it would be properly observable at

the river. Also found at the M alennaya River (Loc. 29), which is close to Region I.

Figure 30. ♂ of

Ophiogomphus obscurus

at the Tigrovaya River, Loc 1, 14.08.2011, V.O.

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31.

Trigomphus citimus

(Needham, 1931)

Loc 29: 19.06. 2017: 2 ♂ ♂ photographed (62987317, 62987251) (1 locality).

Observations.

A rare species, found only at the Malennaya River in June 2017.

32.

Trigomphus nigripes

(Selys, 1887)

Loc 10: 21. 07. 2017: 2 ♂ ♂ collected (1 localitiy).

Observations.

Common in S Primorye (Malikova 1995; Kosterin 2019; Onishko & Kosterin

2021), breeds in lentic habitats. Our data are scarce because of too late dates for this

species.

MACROMIIDAE (4 species)

33.

Epophthalmia elegans

(Brauer, 1865)

(Figs 31-32)

Loc 12: late-08.2011: 1 ♂sighted. Loc 14: 09.2015: 6 ♂ ♂, 2 ♀ ♀ collected, many ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀

sighted; 27.08. 2011: 2 ♂ ♂, 1 ♀photographed (104271603, 104271594 (posed), 104271503);

28.08.2011: 1 ♂, 3 ♀ ♀ photographed (104271558 (posed), 104271545 (posed), 104271525,

37436008 (in hand)); 1.09.2011: 5 ♂ ♂, 1 ♀photographed (10427408, 104271510, 104271092,

104271170 (in hand), 104271360 (posed), 104271056 (posed)); 1.09.2011: 1 ♂photographed

(38833342, posed), 7.09.2011: 1 ♂photographed 38831354 (posed), late-08-09. 2018:

15 ♂♂, 1 ♀collected, many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted; 30.08.2018: 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀ ♀ photographed

(37586516, 37586500 (posed), 37586478 (Fig. 31 left), 37586467 (posed)); 1.09.2011:

2 copulae (37586294, 37586225 (Fig. 31 right)), 1 ♂(37586239), 1 ♀(37586264, posed)

photographed; 7.09.2011: 1 ♂photographed (37586398); 9.09.2018: 6 ♂ ♂

photographed

Figure 31. ♀ (left) and copula of

Epophthalmia elegans

at the fishery ponds of Ecofarm,

Loc 14, 30.08 and 1.09.2018, respectively, V.O.

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IDF-Report 177

(103471431 (in hand, Fig. 32b), 103471595, 103471481 (in hand, Fig. 32a), 37586186,

37586145 (posed),). Loc 15: 09.2015: 1 ♀sighted. Loc 21: 6.09. 2011 1 ♂seen. (4 localities).

Remarks.

The males appeared nearly dimorphic with respect to the central part of the frons

which was either unmarked (Fig. 32b) of bore twin central spots (Fig. 32a) variable in

size and contacting to each other (in some cases also fused to the lateral spots). Among male

specimens considered, 10 had the spots, 2 had vestigal spots and 9 had no spots. We

failed to notice any morphological difference between such specimens. All examined females

did not have the central spots.

Observations.

In 2015 and 2018, a large population of this species existing at artificial ponds

made for carp breeding and fishing at Ryazanovka village (Ecofarm, Loc 14) was studied.

The ponds had current water and stony bottoms. Their banks were overgrown with sagebrush

(

Artemisia

sp. ), which

E. elegans

preferred to rest on; their copulae were also frequently

startled from that sagebrush. Males patrolled ponds at any weather: sunny, overcast and

even under weak rains. They demonstrated two kinds of flight: they either flew in circles

along banks not bound to a particular territory (alike males of

Somatochlora

spp.), or

mostly soared over certain definite plots (alike males of

Aeshna

spp. or

Anax

spp.). Females

oviposited at banks, both in scarce emerging vegetation and clear water surface. Males

actively persuaded females, which tended to fall into grass when being attacked.

Figure 32. Dimorphism for the presence (a) versus absence (b) of central twin pale spots

on the frons of ♂ ♂ of

Epophthalmia elegans

at Loc 14, 9.09.2018, respectively,

V.O.

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34.

Macromia amphigena fraenata

Martin, 1906

(Fig. 33a)

Loc 14: 30.08.2018, 1 ♂collected and photographed (37525025 (Fig. 33a), 37524997

(posed)); 2.09.2018, 1 ♂collected, one more ♂photographed (37525047) (1 locality).

Observations.

Just few very old males were met (among numerous

E. elegans

). which ap

peared, made several rounds at a pond and then flew away to land on sagebrush or into

tree crowns.

35.

Macromia manchurica

Asahina, 1964

(Fig. 33b)

Loc 15: mid-08-early-09.2011: few observations of supposedly this species flying high

above the road; 24.08.2011: 1 ♂photographed (37424627, Fig. 33b) and collected.

Loc 20: 19.08. 2015: 1 ♂collected and photographed (37424687, posed). (2 localities).

Observations.

This rare in Russia and little-known species was observed repeatedly

in mid- and late August 2011 hunting above the road or at coastal cliffs of the Boismann

and Baklan Harbours. For some reason, for seven years (2011-2018) of active

observations in Region I I , the species was never observed at water. Foraging individuals

could approach water passing by but without any territorial or reproductive behaviour.

CORDULIIDAE (6 species)

36.

Cordulia aenea amurensis

Selys, 1887

Loc 29: 19.06. 2017 1 ♂sighted (1 locality).

Observations.

That male patrolled a small section of an inundated ditch.

Fi gure 33. ♂ ♂ of

Macromia

spp.: a –

M. amphigena fraenata

at fishery ponds of

Ecofarm, Loc 14, 30.08.2018; b –

M. manchurica

, by the road between Ecofarm and

the coast in the Ryazanovka village vicinities Loc 15, 24.08.2011, V.O.

38 |

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IDF-Report 177

37.

Epitheca bimaculata

(Charpentier, 1825)

Loc 7: late-07-early-08.2011: 2 old ♂ ♂ collected, few old individuals sighted (1 locality).

Observations.

Old individuals rarely appeared over a small artificial pond, usually after

rains. Two of such just fell in water and were so collected. Rarity of observations of this other

wise common

species in our view was due to its flying mostly early in summer (Onishko

& Kosterin 2021).

38.

Somatochlora arctica

Zetterstedt, 1840

Loc 15: 21.08.2011: 1♂collected, photo (37423822) (posed). Loc.16: 5. 09. 2015: 1♂

collected. Loc 18: 09. 2011: 2 ♂ ♂ collected, several sighted; 09. 2018: ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted;

1.09.2018: 3 ♂ ♂, 1 ♀collected, of them ♂, 1 ♀photographed (37527867, 37527844, both

posed); 7.08.2020: 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀ ♀ collected and photographed (63812244, 63812230,

63812212, 63812172) (3 localities).

Observations.

Common at the peat-moss bog by the Ryazanovka River (Loc 18), where

it was recorded in all observation years. Solitary individuals rarely occurred somewhat apart

of this bog; such a dispersal is common for the species (Onishko & Kosterin 2021).

39.

Somatochlora exuberata

Bartenev, 1910

(Fig. 34)

Loc 1: 5. 08.2011: 2 ♂ ♂ collected, 1 of them photographed (104397933, posed);

08. 2015 many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted; 13.08.2015: 1 ♀photographed (104397822, Fig. 34

left); 3.08.2020: ♂ ♂ sighted, 1 ♂collected and photographed (106761285, in hand).

Loc 2: late-07-08. 2011: many ♂ ♂ sighted. Loc 3: 08.2011: 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀ ♀ collected,

many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted; 08.2015: ♂ ♂ sighted. Loc 4: 08.2011: 2 ♂ ♂ collected, few

♂ ♂ sighted. Loc 6: late-07-08: many ♂ ♂ sighted. Loc 7: late-07-mid-08. 2011: 5 ♂ ♂

collected, 2 of them photographed (104398194, 104398044, both posed), ♂♂,♀ ♀

sighted. Loc 8: 08.2011: 4 ♂♂, 6 ♀ ♀ collected, many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted; 08.2015,

many ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 14: 9.09.2018, 1 ♂collected. Loc 15: 08-09.2011: 2 ♂ ♂

collected, ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted; 09. 2018: 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀ ♀ collected; 29.08.2018: 2 ♂ ♂

photographed (106760617, 106760566), both posed); 2.09.2018: 1 ♂(106760845,

Fig. 34 right), 2 ♀ ♀ (106760749, 106760664, both posed), ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 17:

08-09.2011: 2 ♂ ♂ collected; many ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted, also after sunset; 13. 08. 2015 1

♂photographed (104397750, posed). Loc 21: 08-09.2011: 2 ♂ ♂ collected, ♂♂,♀ ♀

sighted; 6.09.2018: few ♂ ♂ sighted. Loc 22: 08-09.2011: 2 ♂ ♂ collected, ♂ ♂ sighted

(12 localities).

Observations.

Mostly a riverine species (Kosterin & Zaika 2010; Onishko & Kosterin

2021), so it is inferior to

Somatochlora graeseri

at lakes, where it most likely occurs by

accident because of its abundance in the region.

40.

Somatochlora graeseri

Selys, 1887

(Fig. 35)

Loc 1: 3.08. 2020: 2 ♀ ♀ photographed (63811191, 63811055, both in hand). Loc 2: late-

07-08.2011: many ♂♂ sighted. Loc 3: 08. 2011: 5 ♂♂ , 2 ♀♀ collected, many ♂♂ , ♀ ♀ sighted;

08. 2015: ♂ ♂ sighted; 2-3.08. 2020: many ♂♂ and several ♀ ♀ sighted; 2.08.2020: 2

♂♂,

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1 ♀ collected, of them 1 ♂ , 1 ♀ photographed (63810943, 63810920, both in hand),

3.08.2020: 1 ♀ collected, 1 ♂ photographed (63811020, in hand). Loc 4: 08.2011: 5 ♂♂ ,

4 ♀ ♀ col lec ted, m any ♂ ♂ , ♀ ♀ si ghte d; 9 .08 .20 11: 1 ♀ ph otog raph ed (3 7423 732 , p osed ).

Loc 6: late-09-08.2011: many ♂♂ sighted. Loc 7: late-07-mid-08.2011, 2 ♂ ♂ collected,

♂ ♂ , ♀ ♀ sighted; 9.08.2011: 1 ♀ photographed (37423699, posed). Loc 8: 08: 2011: 2

♂♂,

Figure 34. ♀ (left) and ♂ (right) of

Somatochlora exuberata

: left – at the Tigrovaya River,

Loc 1, 13.08.2005; right - by the road between Ecofarm and the coast in the Ryazanovka

village vi cinities Loc 15, 2.09.2015, V.O.

Figure 35. ♂ of

Somatochlora graeseri

: left – at the coastal cliffs between Zaklyuchen

naya and Ryazanovka River mouths, Loc 21, 30.08.2018, V.O.

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2 ♀ ♀ collected, many ♂ ♂ , ♀ ♀ sighted; 08.2015: many ♂♂ , ♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 14: 09.2018:

3 ♂ ♂ co ll ected , ♂ ♂ m any se en. L oc 15 : 0 8-09 .2 011: 2 ♂ ♂ c oll ected ; 2 5. 08. 2011: 1 ♂

photographed (37423765, posed), ♂ ♂, ♀ ♀ sighted; 08-09.2018: 2 ♂♂ , 2 ♀♀ collected, ♂♂ ,

♀ ♀ sighted; 30.08.2018: 1 ♂ photographed (37528259, posed); 2.09.2018: 1 ♀ photo-

graphed (37528082, posed); 7.09.2018: 1 ♂ photographed (37528153, posed). Loc 17:

08-09.2011: many ♂♂ , ♀ ♀ sighted, also after sunset. Loc 18: 08.2011, 2 ♂ ♂ collected;

09. 2018, 4 ♂ ♂ collected; 7. 08. 2020: several ♂ ♂ sighted, 3 ♂ ♂ collected, 1 of them photo

graphed (63812146, in hand). Loc 21: 08-09.2011: ♂ ♂, ♀ ♀ sighted; 08-09.2018: many

♂ ♂ si ghte d; 3 0 and 3 1. 08. 2011: 2 ♂ ♂ p hoto graph ed (37 528 207 (Fi g. 3 5), 3 7528 181 ,

both posed). Loc 22: 08-09.2011: 2 ♂♂ collected, ♂ ♂ sighted; 25.08.2011: 1 ♀ photographed

(37423746). Loc 29: 4.08. 2020: 1 ♂ photographed (63811415, in hand), few ♂♂ sighted

(14 localities).

Observations.

The species prefers lentic habitats, up to inundated roadsides. At rivers

it is strongly inferior in abundance to

S. exuberata

and is rarely territorial.

41.

Somatochlora viridiaenea

(Uhler, 1858)

Loc 15: 27.08.2011: 1 ♂collected and photographed (37423646); 6.09.2018, 1 ♀collected

Loc 17: 25.08. 2011: 1 ♀collected and photographed (37743477), posed, 30. 08.2011:

1♀collected and photographed (37743451, 37423635, both in hand), 27. 08. 2011: 1

♀collected and photographed (46595883, posed). Loc 18: 08-09.2018: 4 ♂ ♂ collected,

many ♂ ♂ sighted; 30.08.2018: 1 ♂photographed (37528398, posed); 7.08. 2020: 3 ♂ ♂

collected, 4 ♂♂ photographed (63812332, 63812285, 63812118, 59800789, all in hand),

several ♂♂ sighted. Loc 21: 08-09.2011: 1 ♂, 1 ♀collected, few ♂♂,♀ ♀ seen (4 localities).

Observations.

According to our observations, this species was tightly connected to a

arge bog, the only such in Region II, at the Ryazanovka River, where it was persistent in

2018 and 2020. I ts behaviour there was very similar to that of the western

Somatochlora

flavomaculata

(Vander Linden, 1825) (Onishko & Kosterin 2021). The males ranged

over small patches at the bog margin with open tree stand or bushes, often hovering

at the same place for long. They are distinctly segregated ecologically from

S. arctica

which ranged over open bog at its middle, apart from trees and bushes.

S. viridiaenea

flies as a rule 2-3 m above the bog surface while

S. arctica

at the height of 0.5 – 1 m.

Solitary individuals of

S. viridiaenea

were repeatedly met above bogs and at the coast,

that suggests a broad dispersal of this species from its breeding places.

LIBELLULIDAE (23 species)

42.

Deielia phaon

(Selys, 1883)

Loc 14: late 08-09.2015: 4 ♂ ♂ collected, many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted; 28. 08. 2015: 1 ♂

photographed (37436245, posed), 08-09. 2018: 6 ♂♂, 2 ♀ ♀ collected, many ♂♂,♀ ♀

sighted; 30. 08.2018: 1 ♀photographed (37587758); 2.09.2018: 2 ♂ ♂ photographed

(37587737 (posed), 37408947). Loc 19: 09. 2011: few ♂ ♂ sighted; 1.09.2011: 1 ♂, 1

♀collected, the latter photographed (37436133, posed), 08-09.2015: few ♂ ♂ sighted,

20.08. 2015: 1 ♂, 1 ♀photographed (37587869, 37436193, both posed). Loc 22: 08. 2011:

few ♂ ♂ sighted. 20.08.2015: 1 ♂photographed (37436294, posed) (3 localities).

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IDF-Report 177

Observations.

This species is most probably actively expanding over the southern Far

East of Russia (Onishko & Kosterin 2021). According to our data, in 2011 just few indi-

viduals were observed for the entire August and the first week of September, while in

2018 this species was among the most numerous Anisoptera at some water bodies

(e.g., at Ecofarm, Loc 14). Males of this species fly along banks without territories and

almost without conflicts with other dragonflies, and rarely land. Females oviposit solitarily

at water surface with floating vegetation some 2-10 m off banks.

43.

Leucorrhinia intermedia

Bartenev, 1910

Loc 24: 21. 07. 2017: 1 ♂collected, 3 ♂ ♂ sighted (1 locality).

Observations.

This is an early species flying mostly in late M ay – mid. June (Onishko,

& Kosterin 2021), so on our later observation period we met just few individuals at a

small ditch at Bamburovo village.

44.

Leucorrhinia orientalis

Selys, 1887

Loc 3: 08.2011: few ♂ ♂ sighted; 11-12.08.2011: 2 ♂ ♂ collected and photographed

(37435259, 37435218, both posed); 3.08.2020: 1 ♂photographed (63811109, in hand).

Loc 19: 08.2011, few ♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 24: 21.07.2017: 1 ♂, 1 ♀collected, ♂ ♂ sighted

(3 localities).

Remarks.

The males demonstrated both versions of abdominal maculation found across

the taxon’s range: the yellow spot is present on either both S6 and S7 or only on S7

(see the photographic observations cited).

Observations.

Common at various water bodies in southern Primorye but rarely observed

by us due to late season.

45.

Libellula quadrimaculata

Linnaeus, 1758

Loc 3: 08.2011: few ♀ ♀ sighted; 12. 08.2011: 1 ♀collected and photographed (37434651,

posed), 08.2015: 1 ♂sighted. Loc 14: 2.09.2018: 1 ♂and 1 ♀photographed (37524780,

37524756). Loc 15: 22.08.2011: 1 ♂collected; 2.09.2018: few individuals sighted (3

localities). Loc 19: 08-09. 2011, 3 ♀ ♀ collected; 22.08.2011: 1 ♂photographed (37434556,

(posed); 2.09.2011: 1 ♀photographed (37754878, posed) (4 localities).

Observations.

As for the two above species, common at various water bodies but rarely

observed by us because of late season.

46.

Lyriothemis pachygastra

(Selys, 1878)

Loc 16: 2.09.2011: 2 ♂ ♂ collected and photographed (37754683, 37434362, both posed),

many ♂ ♂ sighted. Loc 19: 2.09.2011: 1 ♀collected and photographed (37434401) (2

localities).

Observations.

Found in two locations only: an old female at coastal swamps (Loc 19)

and few old males at a small pool in the Poyma River delta (Loc 16). M ales had small

territories, perched on tall grasses and often hovered 1 – 1.5 above the water surface.

For the time being, these are the northernmost records of this species in the world.

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47.

Orthetrum albistylum

(Selys, 1848)

(Fig. 36)

Loc 1: 13.08.2011, 1 ♂ collected and photographed (37424466, posed). Loc 9: 29. 08. 2011:

♂ ♂ , ♀ ♀ , m any s igh ted. Loc 14 : 0 8.2 015: man y ♂ ♂ , ♀ ♀ si gh ted; 0 8-09 .20 18: 5 ♂ ♂ , 5 ♀ ♀

collected, many ♂♂ , ♀ ♀ sighted; 30.08.2018: 1 ♂ photographed (37525665, posed),

1.09.2018: 1 ♀ photographed (37525647, posed); 9. 09.2018: 1 copula photographed

(37465605, Fig. 36 top). Loc 15: 21.08.2011, 1 ♂ photographed (37424459); 2.09.2018:

1 ♂ sighted. Loc 19: 08-09.2011: many ♂♂ , ♀ ♀ sighted, 5 ♂♂ , 8 ♀ ♀ collected; 09.2015:

Figure 36. Copula

(top) and ♀ (bottom)

Orthetrum albi-

stylum

: top – at fish

ery ponds of Eco-

farm, Loc 14, 9.09.

2018; bottom – at

the coastal cliffs be

tween Zaklyuchen

naya and Ryazanov

ka River mouths,

Loc 21, 7.09.2018,

V.O.

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many ♂♂ , ♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 21: 08-09. 2011, 09. 2018: few individuals sighted, 7. 09. 2018:

1 ♀ photographed (37525676, Fig. 36, bottom). Loc 22: 08-09.2011: few individuals

sighted (7 localities).

Observations.

Common in Southern Primorye, inhabits larger lentic water bodies.

Solitary individuals, especially old females, may disperse far from their breeding places

to occur at any open place and at roads.

48.

Pantala flavescens

(Fabricius, 1798)

(Fig. 37)

Loc 7: 08.2011: 5 ♂♂, 5 ♀ ♀ collected, many ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted; 6.08.2011: 1 ♀photo-

graphed (37424294, posed); 08.2015, many sighted; 2. 08. 2020: 1 ♀photographed

(63810830, in hand), several individuals seen. Loc 8: 14.08.2011, 1 ♂photographed

(37424274), 08.2015: many ♂ ♂,♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 12: 08. 2011: 5 ♀ ♀ collected, many ♂♂,

♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 15: 08-09.2011: many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted; 1–9.09.2015: many ♂♂,

♀ ♀ sighted; 30. 08–6.09.2018: many ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted; 30. 08.2018: 1 ♂photographed

(37527089); 4.09.2018: 1 ♂photographed (37527106,). Loc.16: 5.09.2015, 9. 09. 2015,

08-09.2018: many ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 16: 2.09.2011: many ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 17:

08-09.2011: solitary ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted, also after sunset. Loc 18: 09.2018: many ♂ ♂ ,

♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 19: 09.2011: 3 ♂ ♂ , 3 ♀ ♀ collected, many ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted; 5.09.2015:

many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 20: 08-09.2011: many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted; 1-10. 09. 2015:

Figure 37. Numerous young individuals of

Pantala flavescens

roosting on shrubbery

at the coastal cliffs between Zaklyuchennaya and Ryazanovka River mouths, Loc 21,

2.09.2011, V.O.

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IDF-Report 177

many ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 21: 08–09.2011: 5 ♂♂, 5♀ ♀ collected, many ♂♂,♀ ♀

sighted; 2.09.2011: numerous roosting individuals photographed (145904192, Fig. 37);

1–9.09.2015: many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted; 08–09.2018: 3♂ ♂ 3♀ ♀ collected, many ♂♂,

♀ ♀ sighted; 1.09.2018: 1 ♂photographed (37527069); 8.09.2018: 1 ♂photographed

(37527047). Loc 22: 08-09.2011: many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted; 1-9.09.2015: 5♂ ♂ collected,

many ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted; 1–8.09.2018: 2 ♂ ♂ 2♀ ♀ collected, many ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted.

Loc 23: 08-09. 2011: many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted; 1–9.09.2015: many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted;

1–8.09. 2018: many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 25: 28. 08.2018: many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted.

Loc 28: 28.08.2018: many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted; Loc 29: 4.08.2020: few individuals sighted

(16 localities).

Observations.

On 11.08.2011, a tandem of mature individuals was observed ovipositing

onto a pool on a ground road (Loc 8), Besides, for a week, solitary mature males were

observed at that place exhibiting territorial behaviour. At all other locations, all individuals

seemed to be young.

49.

Sympetrum baccha matutinum

Ris, 1911

(Fig. 38)

Loc 14: late-08-09.2015: 2 ♂ ♂ collected, ♂ ♂ sighted; late-08-early-09.2018: 4 ♂♂,

2♀ ♀ collected, many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted; 1.09.2018: 2 ♂ ♂ photographed (42833372,

42833351, both posed); 4.09.2018: 1 ♂photographed (42833405, posed); 8.09.2018:

Figure 38. ♂ of

Sympetrum baccha matutinum

at fishery ponds of Ecofarm, Loc 14,

8.09.2011, V.O.

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IDF-Report 177

1♂photographed (37528752, Fig. 38). Loc 21: 7. 09. 2018: 1 ♂sighted. Loc 15: 08-

09. 2011: few ♂ ♂ sighted; 20 and 21. 08.2011: 2 ♂ ♂ collected and photographed

(42833494) (posed); 37423564 (in hand)). Loc 19: late 08-09.2011: 3 ♂ ♂ collected,

♂ ♂ sighted; 31. 08. 2011 and 1. 09. 2011: 2 ♂ ♂ photographed (37423593, 42833575,

both (posed). Loc 25: 28.08.2018: 1 ♂collected, many ♂ ♂ sighted (5 localities).

Observations.

Males demonstrate active territorial behaviour: they make flights for 5

– 10 m away from banks where they hover in the same place for several minutes,

attacking any dragonfly passing by. Oviposition takes place in tandems, almost at the

middle of a water body, where the female makes solitary hits on water surface each 3

– 5 seconds of their flight.

50.

Sympetrum cordulegaster

(Selys,

1883)

(Fig. 39)

Loc 1: 3.08.2020: 1 ♂collected, 1 ♀

sighted. Loc 3: late-07-08.2011, 08.2015:

few immature ♂♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted; 3.08.2020:

1♂(63810999, in hand), 1 ♀photo-

graphed (61540504, Fig. 39 bottom).

Loc 7: late-07-08.2011: 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀ ♀ col

lected, few immature ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted.

Loc 8: late-07-08.2011: few immature

♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted; 11 and 12.08.2011:

2♂♂ photographed (37423556 (posed),

37423526, Fig. 39 top). Loc 10: 29.08.

2011, many ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 12:

08-09.2011, many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted;

late-08-09.2018: many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted.

Loc 14: late-08-09.2018: many ♂♂,

♀ ♀ sighted; 1.09.2018: 1 ♀photogra

phed (37528831). Loc 15: 08-09.2011,

09. 2015, late-08-09.2018: many ♂♂,

♀ ♀ sighted; 30.08.2011: 1 ♀photo-

Figure 39. ♂ (top), mature ♀ (middl e)

and young ♀ of

Sympetrum cordule

gaster

: top – the forest road S of Ti-

grovoy village, Loc 8, 12.08.2011, V.O.;

middle – The Ananyevka River at the

bridge near Venivitinovo village, Loc

25, 28.08.2018, V.O.; bottom – the

forest lake at Tigrovoy village, Loc

3, 3.08.2020, O.K.

46 |

Onish ko, Kosterin & Voinov

IDF-Report 177

graphed (37528888). Loc 16: 2.09.2011: many ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 17: 08-09. 2011:

2♂ ♂ , 8 ♀ ♀ collected, many ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 18: 08-09.2011, 09. 2015, late-08-

09. 2018: many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted; 7. 08. 2020: 1 ind. seen. Loc 19: 09.2011: 2 ♂ ♂ , 2 ♀ ♀

collected, many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted; 1.09.2011: 1 ♂photographed (37423543, posed);

09.2015: many ♂ ♂,♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 20: 08-09.2011: many ♂♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted; 09.2015: many

♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted; late-08-09.2018: many ♂ ♂,♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 21: 08-09.2011: many ♂♂ ,

♀ ♀ sighted; 09.2015: many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted; 08-09. 2018: many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted.

Loc 22: 08-09.2011: many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted; 09.2015, late-08-09.2018: many ♂♂,♀ ♀

sighted. Loc 23: 08-09.2011, 09.2015, late-08-09.2018: many ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 25:

28.08.2018: 1 ♀photographed (37528795, Fig. 39 middle), many ♂♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 28:

28.08. 2018: many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted (18 localities).

Observations.

Along with

S. eroticum

, this is most widespread and very abundant dragonfly

species.

51.

Sympetrum croceolum

(Selys, 1883)

(Fig. 40)

Loc 3: 12.08. 2015: 1 ♂, 1 ♀sighted in tandem. Loc 10: 29.08.2011: 1 ♀collected and

photographed (37423516, posed), 1 tandem sighted. Loc 14: 08.2015: ♂♂,♀ ♀ many

seen; 28.08.2015: 1 ♀photographed (37423099, posed); 30.08.2018-09.09.2018: 3

♂♂, 2 ♀ ♀ collected, many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted; 2.09.2018: 1 ♂photographed (37535671,

posed); 9.09.2018: 2 ♂ ♂ photographed (37779174, 37465584, Fig. 40). Loc 20: 5. 09. 2015:

1♂collected and photographed (38831323, posed), many ♂♂ sighted; 30.08.2018: 1 ♂

photographed (37535699, posed) (4 localities).

Observations.

Rather rare in South Primorye, prefers larger open lakes, although rare

individuals may be seen at any water body. The maximum abundance was observed at

the fishery ponds of Ecofarm (Loc 14). Oviposition in this species in Primorye resembled

that of

S. baccha

: a female rarely hits the water while the tandem flies over the water very

fast not following any certain aquatory, then they rise very high and fly away, to re-ap-

pear after some while. Curiously, on 6. 09. 2001 at Lake Manzherok in North Altai, West

Siberia, O.K. observed many cases of oviposition of this species, but only in half of the

cases this was in tandem, while in the other half of the cases, single females oviposited,

accompanied by a male hovering above (Kosterin 2017). (Unfortunately, Onishko &

Kosterin (2021) stated in error that at that lake only single females oviposited.) Also, all

ovipositions at Lake Manzherok took place under the sedge hanging over the water from

the bank, and never at open water, so that ovipositing dragonflies were more readily found

by rustling sound of their wings over the sedge rather than by sight.

52.

Sympetrum depressiusculum

Allioni, 1766

(Fig. 41a)

Loc 14: 08-09.2018: few ♂♂ sighted; 30.08.2018: 1 ♂ photographed (37463522, posed).

Loc 17: 08-09.2011: 3 ♀ ♀ collected, many ♂♂ , ♀ ♀ sighted; 21. 08.2011: 1 ♀ photo-

grap hed (3 7423 436, p osed ). Lo c 18 : 0 8-09 .2 011: 2 ♂ ♂ , 2 ♀ ♀ col le cted, m any ♂ ♂ , ♀ ♀

sighted; 08.2015: few ♂♂ sighted; 19.08.2015: 1 ♂ photographed (103469731); 08-

09. 20 18: 5 ♂ ♂ , 3 ♀ ♀ c oll ected , m any ♂ ♂ , ♀ ♀ si ghte d; 29 .08 .20 18: 1 ♀ ph otog raphe d

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Results of odonatologi cal studies in southern Primorye, Russia, in 2011-2020

IDF-Report 177

(37463430,

Fig. 41a). Loc 19: 08-09. 2011: many ♂♂ , ♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 21: 19. 08.2015:

1 ♂ photographed (103469750, (posed); 31. 08. 2015: 1 ♀ collected, several ♂ ♂ seen,

(5 localities).

Observations.

Common and often numerous in South Primorye, ecologically similar

S. cordulegaster

and

S. eroticum

. The imagines may occur apart from their breeding

places.

Fi gure 40. ♂ ♂ of

Sympetrum croceo

lum

at fishery ponds

of Ecofarm, Loc 14,

9.09.2018, V.O.

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IDF-Report 177

53.

Sympetrum eroticum

(Selys, 1883)

(Fig. 42)

Loc 3: late-07-08.2011: 10 ♂ ♂ , 5 ♀ ♀ collected, many ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted; 12.08.2011:

1♂photographed (37423211); 08.2015: many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted; 13.08.2015: 1 ♂

photographed (37686381, posed). Loc 7: late-07-08.2011, 2♂♂, 2♀ ♀ collected, few

young ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted; 11.08.2011: 1 ♂photographed (37686335, posed); 12.08.2011:

1♀photographed (37423258, posed); 2.08.2020: 1 teneral ♂sighted. Loc 8: late-07-

08. 2011, few young ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 10: 29.08.2011: many ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted. Loc

12: 08-09.2011: many ♂♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted; late-08-09.2018: many ♂ ♂,♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 14:

09.2015: many ♂ ♂,♀ ♀ sighted; late-08-09. 2018: 5 ♂ ♂ , 5 ♀ ♀ collected, many ♂ ♂,♀ ♀

sighted; 1.09.2018: 1 ♂(37550602, Fig. 42 top), 1 copula (37550581) photographed.

Loc 15: 08-09.2011, 09.2015: many ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted; late-08-09. 2018: 4 ♂♂, 4 ♀ ♀ col

lected, many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted; 29. 08.2018: 1 ♂photographed (37550608); 10.09.2018:

1♂, 1 ♀photographed (103471781, 37465668 (Fig. 42, bottom)). Loc 16: 02.09.2011:

many ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 17: 08-09.2011, ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ many seen, 10 ♂ ♂ , 2♀ ♀ collected.

Loc 18: 08-09.2011, 09.2015: many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted; late-08-09.2018: many ♂♂,♀ ♀

sighted. Loc 19: 09. 2011: many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted; 09. 2015: many ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted. Loc

20: 08-09.2011, 09.2015, late-08-09.2018: many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted; 29. 08. 2018: 1 ♀

photographed (37550627). Loc 21: 08-09.2011: many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted; 08-09. 2015:

many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted; 19.08.2015: 1 ♀photographed (37423496, posed); late-08-

09. 2018: many ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted; 29 and 30.08.2018: 2 ♀ ♀ photographed (37550622,

37550618). Loc 22: 08-09.2011, 09.2015: many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted; late-08-09. 2018: many

♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted; 10.09. 2018: 1 ♀photographed (Fig. 42 bottom). Loc 23: 08-09.2011,

09.2015: many ♂ ♂,♀ ♀ sighted; late-09-09.2018: many ♂ ♂,♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 25

: 28.08. 2018:

many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 28: 28.08.2018: many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted (17 localities).

Observations.

The most numerous and omnipresent species in the region.

Figure 41. ♀ of

Sympetrum depressiusculum

(a) and ♂ of

Sympetrum frequens

(b);

a – the peat-moss bog by the Ryazanovka River, Loc 18, 29.08.2018; b - fishery ponds

of Ecofarm, Loc 14, 9.09.2018, V.O.

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IDF-Report 177

54.

Sympetrum flaveolum

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Loc 4: 5.08.2011: 1 ♂collected, 2 ♂ ♂ sighted. Loc 10: 4.09.2018: 2 ♂♂ sighted, 1 ♂photo

graphed (37550640, posed). Loc 21: 9. 09. 2011: 1 ♂sighted. Loc 23: 8.09.2011: 1 ♂

sighted; 09. 2015: few ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted (4 localities).

Observations.

Rare in the southern Primorye, occurring solitarily anywhere. We registered

not more than a couple of dozens individuals for the whole study and never witnessed

reproductive behaviour.

55.

Sympetrum fonscolombii

(Selys, 1840)

(Fig. 43)

Loc 14: 30. 08. 2018: 1♂collected and photographed (37408690, Fig. 43 right). 30. 08.2018

– 9.09.2018: few ♂♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 15: 29.08.2018: 2 ♀ ♀ photographed (37587139

(posed),

Figure 42. ♂ (top) and

♀ (bottom) of

Sym

petrum eroticum

; top

- fishery ponds of

Ecofarm, Loc 14,

1.09.2018; bottom –

the road from Eco

farm to the coast,

Loc 15, 10.09.2018,

V.O.

50 |

Onish ko, Kosterin & Voinov

IDF-Report 177

37408659, Fig. 43 left), 2 ♂ ♂ sighted. Loc 23: 30–31. 08.2015: 5 ♂ ♂ , 2 ♀ ♀ collected;

2♂ ♂ (37587085, 37423477, both posed), 2 ♀ ♀ (37587058, 42833983, both posed)

photographed, many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted; 5.09.2018: 1 ♂sighted (3 localities).

Observations.

This species was observed during this study, in 2015, for the first time in

the Far East of Russia, that was reported by Onishko (2019). In 2018 it was found again, as

more abundant and in several localities at Region II. All collected, photographed or sighted

imagines were mature, and males demonstrated territorial behaviour at water. Most

probably all them were migrants from the south. Curiously, in the Caucasus and the middle

zone of European Russia, such migrants appear in spring and the first half of the summer,

while in late summer already locally bred young imagines appear (Onishko & Kosterin

2021). The life cycle of the Primorian

S. fonscolombii

is still to be investigated.

56.

Sympetrum frequens

(Selys, 1883)

(Fig. 41b)

Loc 19: 1.09.2011: 2 ♂ ♂ collected, 1 of them photographed (37423463, posed), few

♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted; 09.2015: many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 14: late-08-09.2018: 5 ♂♂,

2♀ ♀ collected, many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted; 1.09.2018: 2 ♂ ♂ photographed (39270607,

37463463); 9.09.2018: 2 ♂ ♂ photographed (37585446, 37465620 (Fig. 41b)). Loc 15:

09. 2018: ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 20: 19. 08. 2015: 1 ♂collected. (4 localities).

Remarks.

This taxon, mainly ranging in Japan from where it regularly penetrates to the con

tinent coasts, used to be considered as a subspecies of

S. depressiusculum

(including

by us, see Malikova & Kosterin 2019) but regarding it as

bona species

is recently becoming

Figure 43. ♀ (left) and ♂ (right) of

Sympetrum fonscolombii

; left – a road between

Ecofarm and the coast, Loc 15, 29.08.2018; right – - fishery ponds of Ecofarm, Loc

14, 30.08.2018, V.O.

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Results of odonatologi cal studies in southern Primorye, Russia, in 2011-2020

IDF-Report 177

established (Inoue & Tani 2001; Nagahata et al. 2017; Cho 2021; Onishko & Kosterin

2021). We found these taxa co-occurring and well differing:

S. frequens

is larger and a

stronger flier, its males are bright-red, rather than ochre-reddish (see Fig. 41 for comparis

on)

; the black lateral spots on abdomen are situated at the segment lateral ribs rather

than indented from them; and are often obscured by the bright red ground colour in

mature males, the black stripe across the frons does not descend along the eye margins

and has no distinct projections; the incomplete black stripe on the interpleural suture

is longer and thicker (Onishko & Kosterin 2021). Also, this is the second, after Nagahata

et al. (2017), record of

S. frequens

in the continental coast in Russia: earlier it was con-

sidered to occur only for Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands (Malikova & Kosterin 2019).

Observations.

Found only in Region II, where it was mostly associated with large lentic

water bodies of different types. It was found most abundant at the fishery ponds of Ecofarm

(Loc 14) where it occurred together with the closely related

S. depressiusculum

. Males

occupy relatively large (for the genus) territories at banks, from where try to chase out

any dragonflies, up to such large ones as

Epophthalmia elegans

and

Anax julius

gure 44. ♂ (top

)

and ♀ (bottom) of

Sympetrum infusca

tum

at the small

lake at Tigrovoy set

tlement, Loc 13, 12

(top) and 31 (bot-

tom). 08.2011, V.O.

52 |

Onish ko, Kosterin & Voinov

IDF-Report 177

57.

Sympetrum infuscatum

(Selys, 1883)

(Fig. 44)

Loc 3: 08.2011: 4 ♂ ♂ , 2 ♀ ♀ collected, many ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted; 12. 08.2011: 1 ♂photo

graphed (37423276, Fig. 44 top); 31. 08.2011: 1 ♀photographed 37423340, Fig. 44

bottom); 08. 2015: many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 8: 11.08.2011, 1 ♀collected and photo-

graphed (37686484, posed); 08. 2015: few ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 14: 09.2015: many

♂♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted; 08-09.2018: 1 ♂, 2 ♀ ♀ collected, few ♂ ♂,♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 15: 08-09.2011:

4♂♂, 4 ♀ ♀ collected, many ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted; 09.2018: few ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 17:

08-09.2011: 6 ♂ ♂ , 4 ♀ ♀ collected, many ♂ ♂,♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 18: 29.08.2018: 1 ♀photo

graphed (37686595, posed); 1.09.2018: few ♂♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted, 1 ♀photographed (37550661).

Loc 19: 28.08.2011: 1 ♀photographed (37686553, posed); 09.2011: 1 ♂collected, few

♂♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 21: 08-09.2011: 4 ♂♂ , 2 ♀ ♀ collected, many ♂ ♂,♀ ♀ sighted; 09.2018:

few ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 22: 08-09. 2011: few ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 25: 28.08.2018:

1♂collected, 3 ♂ ♂ sighted (10 localities).

Observations.

For the period since 2011 to 2020, the abundance of this species decreased

profoundly: in 2011 it was found in great numbers almost all over Region I I , while in

2018 just solitary individuals were met.

58.

Sympetrum kunckeli

(Selys, 1884)

Loc 11: 4.09. 2018: 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀ ♀ collected, of them 1 ♂, 1 ♀photographed (37550679,

37550673, both posed); many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted (1 locality).

Observations.

Found only at a small stagnant reach of the Romashka River, where it

was the only representative of the genus that demonstrated reproductive behaviour.

eroticum

and

S. cordulegaster

occurred solitarily at banks but did not interact with

kunckeli

. The latter was quite abundant: up to 10 individuals in sight simultaneously.

59.

Sympetrum parvulum

Bartenev, 1913

(Fig. 45)

Loc 15: 08-09. 2018: few ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 17: 08-09. 2011: 4 ♂ ♂ , 4 ♀ ♀ collected,

many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted; 21. 08.2011: 1 ♀photographed (37613192); 29.08.2018: 1 ♀

photographed (37550761; Fig. 17 bottom right). Loc 18: 08-09.2011: 10 ♂♂, 6 ♀ ♀

collected, many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted; 26. 08. 2011: a copula photographed (37423164, Fig.

45 top right)); 09.2015: many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted; 08-09.2018: 4 ♂♂, 4 ♀ ♀ collected,

many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted; 1.08.2018: 1 ♀(37550797, posed) photographed; 29.08.2018:

1♂(37550753, Fig. 45 top right) photographed; 7.08.2020: 2 ♂ ♂ , 4 ♀ ♀ collected, 2 ♂ ♂

(63811850, 62648891), 2 ♀ ♀ (63811808, 62648834) photographed; very many teneral

♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 21: 08-09.2011: many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted; 08-09.2018: many ♂♂,

♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 25: 28. 08. 2018: 1♂collected (5 localities).

Observations.

Found only in Region II, where it was mostly confined to the large bog at

the Ryazanovka River (Loc 18), where it prevailed over other

Sympetrum

spp. In 2011,

it was so numerous that the imagines occurred up to 10 km from that bog, sometimes in

large quantities. However, in 2018 it became rare beyond the bog. Unlike other congeners,

mature males scarcely exhibit territoriality, they rest among dense grass and weakly react

to each other.

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60.

Sympetrum pedemontanum pedemontanum

(Müller in Allioni, 1776)

Loc 8: 9.09.2011: 1 ♂collected and photographed (37423148, posed). Loc 14: 5 ♀ ♀

sighted. Loc 10: 4.09.2018: 1 ♀sighted. Loc 15: 02.09.2018, 1♂seen (4 localities).

Observations.

Rather rare in Primorye, where occurs by solitary individuals.

61.

Sympetrum risi risi

Bartenev, 1914

(Fig. 46)

Loc 3: 08.2011: 5 ♂ ♂ , 4 ♀ ♀ collected, many ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted, 12. 08. 2011: 1 ♂photo

graphed (37423135); 08.2015: many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 7: 3. 08. 2020: 1 ♀photographed

(63811401, Fig. 46 bottom). Loc 13: 09.2018: few ♂♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted; 7.08.2020: 1 teneral

♂

collected and photographed (63811917, in hand). Loc 14: 09. 2015: many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted;

08-09.2018: 5 ♂ ♂ , 5 ♀ ♀ collected, many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted; 1.09.2018: 1 ♂photographed

(37550868; Fig. 46 top). Loc 15: 08-09.2011: 4 ♂♂ , 4 ♀ ♀ collected, many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted;

08-09.2015: many ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted, 27.08. 2015: 1 ♀photographed (37613096, posed);

09. 2018: few ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 17: 08-09.2011, ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ many seen, 10 ♂♂, 6 ♀ ♀

collected; late 08-09.2018: 2 ♂ ♂, 2 ♀ ♀ collected, many ♂ ♂,♀ ♀ sighted; 30.08.2018: 1 ♂,

1♀photographed (37550882, 37550873 (posed); 5.09.2018: 1 ♀photographed (42833618,

posed). Loc 18: 1. 09. 2018: few ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 19: 08-09.2011, 09. 2015: many

♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted; 19.08.2011: 1 ♂photographed (37613100, posed). Loc 20: 08-09. 2011,

09. 2015: many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 21: 08-09.2011: many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted; 09.2018:

few ♂♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 22: 08-09.2011, 09.2015: many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 25:

28.08. 2018:

1♂collected, 3 ♂ ♂ sighted (12 localities).

Figure 45. Copula (left), ♂ (top right) and ♀ (bottom right) of

Sympetrum parvulum

: left

and top right – at the peat-moss bog by the Ryazanovka River, Loc 18, 26.08.2011 and

29.08.2018, respectively; bottom right – at Ryazanovka village, Loc 17, 29.08.2018

(right), V.O.

54 |

Onish ko, Kosterin & Voinov

IDF-Report 177

Observations.

Common in South

Primorye, usually oc

curs at lentic water

bodies but not rare

beyond the water; pre

fers shady forest

pools where often is

the only representa

tive of the genus.

62.

Sympetrum striolatum imitoides

Bartenev, 1919

(Fig. 47)

Loc 3: 08.2015: few teneral ♂ ♂ sighted; 15.08.2015: 2 teneral ♂ ♂ collected and

photographed (105487667, 37584578, both posed). Loc 13: 09.2018: few ♂♂,♀ ♀

seen. Loc 14: 09.2015: many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted; 08-09.2018: 5 ♂♂, 5 ♀ ♀ collected,

many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted; 9. 09.2018: 1 copula photographed (37585409, Fig. 47 left).

Loc 15: 08-09.2011: 10

Figure 46. ♂ (top)

and ♀ (bottom) of

Sympetrum risi risi

top – at fishery ponds

of Ecofarm, Loc 14:

1.09.2018; bottom

– in Tigrovoy village,

3.08.2020, V.O.

| 55

Results of odonatologi cal studies in southern Primorye, Russia, in 2011-2020

IDF-Report 177

♂ ♂ , 10 ♀ ♀ collected, many ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted; 09.2015: 4 ♂ ♂ , 4 ♀ ♀ collected; 08-

09. 2018: many ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted; 14.08.2018: 1 ♀photographed (37584601, posed);

30. 08. 2018: 1 ♀photographed (37550957, Fig. 47 centre); 1.09.2018: 1 ♂(37408017),

1♀(37528862, Fig. 47 right) photographed; 9. 09. 2018: 1 ♂photographed

(103471682). Loc 17: 08-09.2011: 5 ♂♂, 2 ♀ ♀ collected, many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted.

Loc 19: 08-09.2011: many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted; 09. 2015: many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted;

14. 08.2015:1 ♀photographed (37584601, posed). Loc 20: 08-09.2011, 09. 2015, 08-

09. 2018: many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 21: 08-09.2011: many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted; 08-

09. 2015: many ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀ sighted, 19.08.2015: 1 ♀photographed (37584533, posed);

28.08. 2015: 1 ♂photographed (105487710, posed); 1.09.2015: 1 ♂photographed

(37407867, posed); late 08-09.2018: few ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted; 30.08.2018: 1 ♂, 1 ♀

photographed (37585373, 37585345, both posed). Loc 22: 08-09.2011: 2 ♂ ♂ , 4 ♀ ♀

collected; 09.2015, 08-09.2018: many ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted; 18. 08.2015: 1 young ♂

photographed (105487731, posed). Loc 25: 28.08.2018: 1 ♂seen (11 localities).

Observations.

One of the most numerous species in South Primorye, especially in

September and especially in hills clad with oak forests in Region II. Occurs at stagnant

water of any type and also along roads, forest margins and sea coast.

63.

Sympetrum uniforme

(Selys, 1883)

(Fig. 48)

Loc 14: 08-09.2018: 2 ♂ ♂ collected; 29.08.2018: 1 ♂photographed (37586926, posed);

1.09.2018: 1 ♂photographed (37408590, posed)). Loc 15: 08-09.2011: few ♂ ♂ ,♀ ♀

sighted; 08-09.2018: 2 ♂ ♂ collected, few ♂♂,♀ ♀ sighted. Loc 17: 22. 08. 2011, 1 ♂col

lected and photographed (105487591, posed); 22.08.2011: 1 ♂photographed (37422925).

Loc 18: 08-09. 2011, many ♂♂,♀ ♀ ; 08-09.2018: 1 ♂collected, few ♂ ♂,♀ ♀ sighted;

1.09.2018

1♂

photographed (37586828, Fig. 48). Loc 20: 1.09.2015: 2 ♂♂ collected, 4 ♂ ♂ photographed

(105487550, 105487481, 105487434, 37423057, all posed), several ♂ ♂ sighted (5 localities)

Observations.

Relatively common but in Region I I only. Solitary imagines, both young

and mature, occurred anywhere but were most common at the bog (Loc 18) and along

forest margins and roads.

Figure 47. Copula (left) and ♀ ♀ (centre and ri ght) of

Sympetrum striolatum imitoides

all mature: left – at fishery ponds of Ecofarm; centre and right – by the road from Eco

farm to the coast, Loc 15; left to right 9.09.2018, 30.08.2018; 1.09.2018, respectively, V.O.

56 |

Onish ko, Kosterin & Voinov

IDF-Report 177

64.

Sympetrum vulgatum imitans

Selys, 1886

(Fig. 49)

Loc 15: 21.08. 2011 1 ♂photographed and collected (37423417, Fig. 49) (1 locality).

Observations.

Just one specimen was reliably registered for the whole period of study. In

addition, in 2018 at the bridge across Ryazanovka River (Loc. 13), V.O. sighted a female that

simultaneously resembled

S. striolatum imitoides

and

S. v. imitans

, with the wings less

coloured than in the former, but failed to catch it.

Figure 48.

Sympe-

trum uniforme

at the

bog by Ryazanovka

River, Loc_18, 1.09.

2018, V.O.

Figure 49. Young ♂

Sympetrum vul-

gatum imitans

the road between

Ecofarm and the

coast, Loc 15, 21.08.

2011, V.O.

| 57

Results of odonatologi cal studies in southern Primorye, Russia, in 2011-2020

IDF-Report 177

Discussion

The local fauna of Odonata of the Region I, situating in the Sikhote-Alin’ S foothills, was

not rich, with 29 species revealed, most of which represented the Boreal fauna and only

five species (

Anax

sp. ,

Davidius lunatus

Sympetrum cordulegaster, Sympetrum infuscatum

and

S. risi

), were Manchurian elements.

Aeshna caerulea

was for the first time recorded

in Primorye, unfortunately by a visual observation only. Examination of higher elevations of

the Sikhote-Alin’ Mts in the same Partizansk District is highly needed to confirm this finding

with specimens; this might reveal further Boreal species in the region as well.

In contrast, the coastal Region II appeared very rich both in the number of species (55, which

is 35 % of the entire fauna of Russia and 59% of the fauna of the southern Russian Far

East) and of individuals, so that numerous collections and interesting findings were made

just by roads apart from any water. Twenty-eight species there (51% of the local fauna)

were Manchurian elements. The most striking feature of this region was huge trophic swarms

in dusk composed of a mix of species, with many species participating up to sole large

Sympetrum

spp.

According to V.O.’s observations, the number of dragonflies and damselflies in the Region

decreased dramatically from 2011 to 2018. This was especially noticeable with respect to

the above-mentioned dusk swarms, which in 2011 took place each evening and counted

hundreds of individuals but were not at all observed in 2018. Also in 2011, the sides of the

ground road of Loc 15 were littered with killed

Sympetrum

spp., while in 2018, there were

few of those. Only

Pantala flavescens

and

Anax julius

did not decrease in number. On

the contrary, the latter was more numerous in 2015 and 2018 than in 2011.

During this study, some Manchurian species with limited presence (few known localities, for

the review see Kosterin 2019) in Russia, as follows.

Macromia manchurica

and

Lyrio-

themis pachygastra

were known from Russia by three reports each (see Kosterin 2019),

and for both two localities were added during this study. There were three reports of

Para

cercion plagiosum

from Russia (see Kosterin 2019), in this study the 4th Russian locality

has been found. There were also three reports from Russia of

Sympetrum baccha matu-

tinum

, all from Khasan District of Primorye (see Malikova 1995); here we report it for

the fourth time adding five localities, although in the same district. Few Russian localities were

hitherto known also for

Lestes temporalis

Paracercion calamorum

P. hieroglyphicum

Tri

gomphus citimus

Deielia phaon

(Note that Kosterin (2019) missed the second and third

localities reported to that year for

D. phaon

by Malikova & Streltzov (2015), in Bureya

and Konstantin ovo District of Amur Province).

Simultaneous occurrence of the closely related

Coenagrion hastulatum

and

C. lanceo-

latum

was observed perhaps for the first time.

Acknowledgements

V.O. and I.V. are grateful to Evgeniy Anatol’yevich Dunaev for the permission to join the

expeditions he headed and the great help in the field. The authors are thankful for Martin Schorr

for various help and support. Gerard Chartier has kindly taking a labour of linguistic checking

of the text.

58 |

Onish ko, Kosterin & Voinov

IDF-Report 177

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Belevich, O.E. 2005. Strekozy roda

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iNaturalist contributors, iNaturalist. 2022. iNaturalist Research-grade Observations.

iNaturalist.org. Occurrence dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/ab3s5x accessed via

GBIF.org on 2022-09-22. https://www.gbif. org/occurrence/3759226201

Inoue, K. & Tani, K. (2001. All about Dragonflies, revised edition. Tombow Publishing

Co. Ltd., Osaka, 167 pp. (in Japanese)

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(Selys, 1839). I n: Boudot, J.-P. &

Kalkman, V. J. (eds), Atlas of the European Dragonflies and Damselflies. KKNV publish

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Kosterin, O.E. 2017.

Sympetrum croceolum

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edition, Gorno-Altaisk, pp. 33-35 (in Russian).

Kosterin, O.E. 2018. Rediscovery of

Lestes nigriceps

Fraser, 1924 (Odonata:

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in eastern Cambodia. Zootaxa 4526(4): 561-575.

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in the first half of July 2014. I nternational Dragonfly Fund Report 136: 1-65.

Kosterin, O.E. & Zaika, V.V. 2010. Odonata of Tuva, Russia. International Journal of Odo

natology 13: 277-328.

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logica 51(3/4): 301-339.

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tation, Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Novosibirsk, 233 pp. (in Russian).

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Kray]. V.Y. Levanidov’s Biennial Memorial Metings 1: 131-143 (In Russian).

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the Bolshekhekhtsirskii State Nature Reserve (Khabarovskii Krai, Russia). II. Seasons

2006 and 2007. In: Streltzov A.N. (ed. ) Zhivotnyy mir Dal'nego Vostoka 6: 5-9.

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60 |

Onish ko, Kosterin & Voinov

IDF-Report 177

INSTRUCTION TO AUTHORS

International Dragonfly FundReport is a journal of the International Dragonfly Fund (IDF). It is referred to as the journ

al in the remainder of these instructions. Transfer of copyright to IDF is considered to have taken place implicitly

once a paper has been published in the journal.

The journal publishes original papers only. By original is meant papers that: a) have not been published elsewhere

before, and b) the scientific results of the paper have not been published in their entirety under a different title

and/or with different wording elsewhere. The republishing of any part of a paper published in the journal must be

negotiated with the Editorial Board and can only proceed after mutual agreement.

Papers reporting studies financially supported by the IDF will be reviewed with priority, however, authors working with

Odonata from the focal area (as defined on the back page of the front cover) are encouraged to submit their

manuscripts even if they have not received any funds from IDF.

Manuscripts submitted to the journal should preferably be in English; alternatively German or French will also be

accepted. Every manuscript should be checked by a native speaker of the language in which it is written; if it is not

possible for the authors to arrange this, they must inform the Editorial Board on submission of the paper. Authors are

encouraged, if possible, to include a version of the abstract in the primary language of the country in which their

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Acknowledgments and References. This is a widely used scheme by scientists that everyone should be familiar with.

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Authors are advised to avoid any formatting of the text. The manuscripts will be stylised according to the font type

and size adopted by the journal. However, check for: a) all species names must be given in italic, b) the authority

and year of publication are required on the first appearance of a species name in the text, but not thereafter, and

c) citations and reference list must be arranged following the format below.

Reference cited in the text should read as follows: Tillyard (1924), (Tillyard 1924), Swezey & Williams (1942).

The reference list should be prepared according to the following standard:

Swezey, O. & F. Williams, 1942. Dragonflies of Guam. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 172: 36.

Tillyard, R., 1924. The dragonflies (Order Odonata) of Fiji, with special reference to a collection made by Mr. H.W.

Simmonds, F.E.S., on the Island of Viti Levu. Transactions of the Entomological Society London 1923 IIIIV: 305346.

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will be delayed until the journal’s standards are achieved.

Molecular Phylogeny of Holarctic Aeshnidae with a Focus on the West Palaearctic and Some Remarks on Its Genera Worldwide (Aeshnidae, Odonata)

Article

Full-text available

Aug 2023
Diversity

Aeshnidae Rambur, 1842 are impressive large insects distributed worldwide. Currently, over 500 species are recognized. Nevertheless, the phylogeny of this family is not completely understood. We applied molecular phylogenetic analysis using two popular phylogenetic markers, the mitochondrial COI gene fragment (barcoding sequence) and the nucleic ITS region, containing the ITS1, 5.8S rRNA, and ITS2 sequences. We used available and credible published sequences and 96 newly sequenced specimens. Our analysis involved all West Palaearctic species, all but one genera of the Holarctic Aeshnidae, and most genera worldwide, and is by far the largest molecular study of this family. The topology of all trees created with different algorithms and genes is in favour of the current taxonomic concept, with some remarkable outcomes. Aeshna Fabricius, 1775, was found to be diverged into several branches, especially with respect to the COI gene. Although it appeared not monophyletic in phylogenetic reconstructions based on the ITS region, the analysis of COI and joint analysis suggest its monophyly in the current taxonomical sense, with one notable exception. Aeshna isoceles (Müller, 1767) has fallen out of Aeshna in all analyses, so a new monophyletic genus, Isoaeschna gen. nov. is introduced for it. The genus Brachytron Evans, 1845 tightly clustered with Aeschnophlebia Selys, 1883, Epiaeschna Hagen in Selys, 1883, and Nasiaeschna Selys in Förster, 1900. Thus, we suggest subsuming these four genera under the priority name Brachytron. Tetracanthagyna Selys, 1883 clusters as expected with Brachytron in the ITS tree, but is an independent ancient clade of its own in all COI trees. The genus Polycanthagyna Fraser, 1933 syn. nov. is synonymised to Indaeschna Fraser, 1926. On the species level, we suggest that the American Aeshna septentrionalis Burmeister, 1839 be treated as a subspecies of A. caerulea (Ström, 1783), Aeshna caerulea septentrionalis. We synonymize Gynacantha hyalina Selys, 1882 with Gynacantha subinterrupta Rambur, 1842. Our analysis provides new insights on the tight relationships of the circumboreal species Aeshna juncea and A. subarctica and the intraspecies phylogeny of Aeshna juncea.

Odonata of Aldan Ulus of Yakutia (East Siberia, Russia): 20 years later

Article

Full-text available

May 2023

Oleg Kosterin

Odonata of the Aldan Ulus (District) of Sakha Republic (Yakutia), East Siberia, Russia, were studied in late June – early July 2022 for the second time, 20 years after the nalogous previous study (Kosterin 2004a), partly in the same localities. This time 20 species were found, that is 1.5 times more than 13 species on the previous study. This increase could be an effect of the current climate amelioration but no northward range extensions were registered, all species being known in Yakutia more northerly for quite a long time. Ten species were found in 2022 but not in 2002 (Coenagrion armatum, C. glaciale, C. hylas, C. lanceolatum, Erythromma najas, Aeshna crenata, A. uncea, Ophiogomphus obscurus, Leucorrhinia intermedia, Sympetrum flaveolum), while three species were found in 2002 but not this time (Aeshna caerulea, Nihonogomphus ruptus and Somatochlora sahlbergi). In total, 23 species have been registered in Aldan Ulus up to date. Variation in Enallagma cyathigerum, Erythromma najas, Somatochlora exuberata and Leucorrhinia orientalis is briefly discussed. Mass emergence of O. obscurus from the Aldan River on a rainy day (and even during showers) following a period of hot weather was observed and discussed.

Aeshna soneharai Asahina, 1988, stat. rev., bona species – an overlooked member of the European fauna? (Odonata: Aeshnidae)

Article

Full-text available

Jun 2022
ODONATOLOGICA

Specimens and observations of Aeshna mixta Latreille, 1805, obtained in 2021 from Moscow and Moscow Province, Russia, lead us to the conclusion that what used to be regarded as this well-known Palaearctic species in fact represented two species. They differ in details of the abdominal maculation, including the conspicuous dorsal mark on the second segment, the relative length of the male epiproct, and some other characters. In addition, they also differ in the mitochondrial COI and COII gene sequences (with one odd specimen of A. mixta from Balkan Peninsula), but not in the ITS2 sequence. A potential hybrid male was observed. Analysis of photographic observations on the website “iNaturalist.org” suggests that the true A. mixta ranges in North Africa, Europe, the Caucasus, and West Asia, and extends north-east to South Ural and south-eastern Kazakhstan and east to Kashmir. The name available for the second species is Aeshna soneharai Asahina, 1988 stat. rev., bona species, described from Japan in subspecies rank. This species ranges in East Europe west to the longitude of Moscow and Voronezh, in Ural, Kazakhstan, Siberia, West China, Mongolia, the Far East including Russia, Northeast China, Korea, and Japan. Both species co-occur in Russia between the Don River and South Ural, in Kyrgyzstan and in south-eastern Kazakhstan. The iNaturalist photographs suggest that outside their contact zone, both species (especially A. mixta in southern Europe) exhibit some variation with respect to almost all characters that are diagnostic in Moscow Province but, on the other hand, are still identifiable using most of these characters. Aeshna soneharai seems not to share the swarming behaviour and the migratory abilities of A. mixta. The enigmatic Aeshna lucia Needham, 1930, is reconsidered a doubtful species rather than a synonym of A. mixta.

Check-list of Odonata of the Russian Federation

Article

Full-text available

Jan 2019

A checklist of 152 species and 168 subspecies of Odonata known from the territory of Russian Federation and their occurrence in its seven main eco-geographical regions (European part, Caucasus, Ural, West Siberian Lowland, South Siberia, NorthEast Asia and southern Far East) is presented in tabular form. First reliable reports of particular species for particular regions made after latest summarising monographic publications referring to those regions are referenced. Dubious reports are not mentioned. Taxonomically and otherwise complicated cases are commented. The highest diversity of 91 species (59.9 % of the fauna) is found in southern Far East of Russia; Caucasus, European part, South Siberia and Ural show moderately rich faunas of 81, 80, 75 and 74 species, respectively; the fauna of West Siberian Plain is poor (56 species) and that of NorthEast Asia very poor (39 species).

Anax nigrofasciatus Oguma, 1915 (Odonata, Aeschnidae): A new addition to the fauna of Russia

Article

Full-text available

Dec 2021

Anax nigrofasciatus Oguma, 1915 is a large aeshnid species found in South, South East and East Asia. On 19 June 2021, its mature male was caught by E. Emelyanov in Nadezhdino District of Primorskiy Kray, Russia, at an artificial fire pond near the Sadko Garden Non-Commercial Fellowship (43.4171 N, 131.9327 E). This is the first record of this species in the Russian Federation, increasing the number of Odonata species currently known from Russia to 157.

Korean Odonata - Adult and Larva

Book

Full-text available

Jan 2021

Sungbin Cho

I am introducing my second (& last) book about Korean Odonata – adult and larva. It is written in Korean & English – almost perfectly bilingual. There will be no difficulty in understanding the contents. This time I included high resolution photos of anal appendages, larvae, tenerals (by in-house breeding and emerging for the purpose of correctly identifying larva species), distribution maps, and distinction of adults & larvae in a family or a genus. I’m attaching a few samples. Contact me if you are interested in this book. Or you can purchase from: https://www.nhbs.com/search?q=Sungbin+Cho

Odonatological results of a trip across the southern Far East of Russia in the first half of July 2014

Article

Full-text available

Sep 2019

Oleg Kosterin

Odonatological results of a trip across the southern Far East of Russia, from nearly the border of North Korea to Khabarovsk from July 1st to 16th, 2014, are presented. In total, 50 species were recorded, including those with limited presence in Russia, such as Paracercion calamorum, P. hieroglyphicum, P. plagiosum (for this species the 3rd Russian locality is reported), Pseudocopera tokyoensis, Stylurus annulatus (2nd Russian locality), Sinictinogomphus clavatus; Trigomphus citimus, Macromia daimoji (3rd Russian locality), M. manchurica, Deielia phaon, Lyriothemis pachygastra (2nd Russian locality). For S. annulatus, M. manchurica and D. phaon the northernmost known localities in the world are reported. D. phaon, earlier reported from one locality in Russia, have been found in five localities in Primorye and for the first time reported for Khabarovskiy Kray in general and Bol’shekhekhtsirskiy State Nature Reserve in particular. A trend of mutual exclusion of two abundant Shaogomphus postocularis epophthalmus and S. schmidti is supposed: the lowermost Ussuri River / Amur River, respectively. Variation in Paracercion spp. and Macromia amphigena fraenata is discussed.

A DRAGONFLY (ODONATA) COLLECTION FROM THE BOLSHEKHEKHTSIRSKII STATE NATURE RESERVE (KHABAROVSKII KRAI, RUSSIA). II. SEASONS 2006 AND 2007

Article

Full-text available

Jan 2007

First record of Anax nigrofasciatus Oguma, 1915 (Odonata: Aeshnidae) from Russia

Article

Oct 2021

Dragonfly Anax nigrofasciatus Oguma, 1915 (Odonata: Aeshnidae) was collected on a small pond in the vicinity of Vityaz settelment, Gamov Peninsula, Primorsky Krai in 2021. It is the first record of this East Asian species from Russia. A. nigrofasciatus clearly differs from A. parthenope julius Brauer, 1865, more common in the south of the Russian Far East, by body coloration and by details of morphology.

Dragonflies (Odonata) new to various regions of Russia, as well as new data on distribution and habitats of rare species

Article

Dec 2019

V. V. Onishko

Rediscovery of Lestes nigriceps Fraser, 1924 (Odonata: Lestidae) in eastern Cambodia

Article

Dec 2018

Oleg Kosterin

Lestes nigriceps Fraser, 1924 was described from a male (later the lectotype) and two non-conspecific females collected in 1922 at Pusa, Bihar State, India, and has never been reported since. In June 2018 a population of L. nigriceps was unexpectedly found in eastern Cambodia, Mondulkiri Province. The Cambodian males, their variation and, for the first time, the true female of L. nigriceps is described.

Odonata of the Russian Far East: a summary

Article

Jan 1998

The history of dragonfly research in the Russian Far East is traced from 1856, and an annotated checklist is given of the 92 hitherto recorded regional spp. The biogeographical affinities of the Far-Eastern odonate fauna are briefly pointed out.

Results of odonatological studies in southern Primorye, Russia, in 2011-2020

Abstract and Figures

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