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Etude préliminaire de la flore de la formation de Shemshak dans la région de Djam (Iran)
... The Shemshak Group is an Upper Triassic-Middle Jurassic siliciclastic unit widespread throughout the Alborz and Central Iran (Fürsich et al. 2009), containing rich plant macro-remain assemblages (Göppert 1861;Stur 1886;Schenk 1887;Krasser 1891;Zeiller 1905;Potonie 1933;Boureau et al. 1950;Lorenz 1964;Kilpper 1964Kilpper , 1968Kilpper , 1971Kilpper , 1975Barnard 1965Barnard , 1967Alavi and Barale 1970;Barnard and Miller 1976;Sadovnikov 1976;Corsin and Stampfli 1977;Fakhr 1977;Schweitzer 1977Schweitzer , 1978Schweitzer and Kirchner 1995, 1996, 1998, 2003Schweitzer et al. 1997Schweitzer et al. , 2000Schweitzer et al. , 2009Sadovnikov 1980Sadovnikov 1991Vaez-Javadi and Ghavidel-Syooki 2002;Vaez-Javadi 2006, 2011, 2014, 2018Vaez-Javadi and Parvacideh 2015;Popa et al. 2012;Vaez-Javadi and Allameh 2015, Vaez-Javadi and Mirzaie-Ataabadi 2006Ameri et al. 2014;Mehdizadeh et al. 2019Mehdizadeh et al. , 2020Farahimanesh et al. 2021, Kamran et al. 2022, and Khalilizade et al. 2022. However, few studies were conducted on the Mesozoic plant macrofossils in the western Alborz (Boureau et al. 1950;Fakhr 1977;Schweitzer and Kirchner 1995, 1996, 1998, 2003Schweitzer et al. 1997Schweitzer et al. , 2000. ...
This paper describes five gymnospermous macro-remains, including bennettitalean (Otozamites furoni), coniferalean (Pityophyllum longifolium and Stachyotaxus septentrionalis), ginkgoalean (Sphenobaiera gyron), and czekanowskialean (Phoenicopsis speciosa) leaves, from the Jirandeh area in the western Alborz, Iran. Materials were collected from a Lower Jurassic coal-bearing horizon within the Shemshak Group in the Jirande locality. The morphological characters of encountered gymnospermous remains, together with their palaeogeographical distribution and stratigraphical occurrences, are discussed herein. The species Sphenobaiera gyron is recorded here for the first time from Asia. Pityophyllum longifolium and Stachyotaxus septentrionalis are described for the first time in Iran. This is also the first report of Phoenicopsis speciosa from the western Alborz region. The upland environment under a subtropical to warm-temperate climate is suggested for the Lower Jurassic deposits in the Jirande area based on the occurrence of the encountered gymnospermous taxa.
... The Shemshak Group is an Upper Triassic-Middle Jurassic siliciclastic unit widespread throughout the Alborz and Central Iran (Fürsich et al. 2009), containing rich plant macro-remain assemblages (Göppert 1861;Stur 1886;Schenk 1887;Krasser 1891;Zeiller 1905;Potonie 1933;Boureau et al. 1950;Lorenz 1964;Kilpper 1964Kilpper , 1968Kilpper , 1971Kilpper , 1975Barnard 1965Barnard , 1967Alavi and Barale 1970;Barnard and Miller 1976;Sadovnikov 1976;Corsin and Stampfli 1977;Fakhr 1977;Schweitzer 1977Schweitzer , 1978Schweitzer and Kirchner 1995, 1996, 1998, 2003Schweitzer et al. 1997Schweitzer et al. , 2000Schweitzer et al. , 2009Sadovnikov 1980Sadovnikov 1991Vaez-Javadi and Ghavidel-Syooki 2002;Vaez-Javadi 2006, 2011, 2014, 2018Vaez-Javadi and Parvacideh 2015;Popa et al. 2012;Vaez-Javadi and Allameh 2015, Vaez-Javadi and Mirzaie-Ataabadi 2006Ameri et al. 2014;Mehdizadeh et al. 2019Mehdizadeh et al. , 2020Farahimanesh et al. 2021, Kamran et al. 2022, and Khalilizade et al. 2022. However, few studies were conducted on the Mesozoic plant macrofossils in the western Alborz (Boureau et al. 1950;Fakhr 1977;Schweitzer and Kirchner 1995, 1996, 1998, 2003Schweitzer et al. 1997Schweitzer et al. , 2000. ...
... The Shemshak Group is an Upper Triassic-Middle Jurassic unit exposed across the Alborz Mountains and Central Iran (Fürsich et al. 2009). This Group contains rich and diversified Triassic and Jurassic plant macrofossils throughout the Alborz mountain range, studied by Göppert (1861), Stur (1886), Schenk (1887), Krasser (1891), Zeiller (1905), Potonié (1933), Boureau et al. (1950), Lorenz (1964), Kilpper (1964Kilpper ( , 1968Kilpper ( , 1971Kilpper ( , 1975, Barnard (1965Barnard ( , 1967, Alavi and Barale (1970); Barnard and Miller (1976), Sadovnikov (1976, 1980, Corsin and Stampfli (1977), Fakhr (1977), Schweitzer (1977Schweitzer ( , 1978, Schweitzer and Kirchner (1995, 1996, 1998, 2003, Schweitzer et al. (1997Schweitzer et al. ( , 2000Schweitzer et al. ( , 2009, Vaez-Javadi and Ghavidel-Syooki (2002), Vaez-Javadi (2006), Vaez-Javadi and Allameh (2015, and Farahimanesh et al. 2021. However, few studies were performed on the Mesozoic macrofloras of the Western Alborz; especially, little attention was given to the seed ferns in this region. ...
This paper deals with the Mesozoic seed ferns from the Shemshak Group from two localities in the Western Alborz Mountains, Northern Iran (i.e., the Abyek area in Qazvin Province and the Jirande area in Gilan Province). The materials were obtained from two coal-bearing horizons in the Shemshak Group, Late Triassic-Middle Jurassic in age. Five species from the Abyek and two species from the Jirande area, belonging to the phylum Pteridospermophyta, were identified. Vegetative and reproductive organs of Caytoniales (i.e., Sagenopteris sp. A and Sagenopteris sp. B leaves, Caytonia sp. ovuliferous organ, and Caytonanthus arberi Thomas (Harris) emend. Harris, 1964 microsporangiate organ, as well as two form-species of incertae sedis seed ferns, Pachypteris lanceolata Brongniart, 1828 and Ptilozamites tenuis Ôishi 1932 emend. Ôishi and Huzioka, 1938) are described in the present paper. This paper discusses the morphological characters of these species, together with discussions on their previous palaeobotanical descriptions, as well as the stratigraphic and palaeogeographical distribution of these taxa. This is the first record of Caytonanthus arberi in Asia and Ptilozamites tenuis from Iran. Pachypteris lanceolata is described for the first time in the Western Alborz.
... Occurrence: Up to now, this species has been recorded from the Early Jurassic of England (Harris 1961) and Argentina (Escapa and Cúneo 2012); Middle Jurassic of China (Xiang-wu 1991); and Early Middle Jurassic of Yorkshire (Schweitzer et al. 1997). Likewise, it has been recorded from the Late Triassic-Early Jurassic of Djam area, near Damghan city (Alavi and Barale 1970), and Late Triassic-Early Jurassic of Alborz, Iran (Kilpper 1964 Material: MG-MF33 (one specimen). ...
A complete profile was measured and sampled in the study area to determine the age of the Shemshak Group. A total of 159 samples were collected from plant-fossiliferous horizons and subsequently investigated in the Geosciences Faculty of Shahid Beheshti University Laboratory. Fifteen identified plant macrofossil species (ten genera) were categorized into Osmundales, Dipteridales, Marattiales, and Peltaspermales. The species encountered are Korallipteris yipinglangensis, Cladophlebis nebbensis, Cladophlebis haiburnensis, Cladophlebis denticulata, Clathropteris meniscioides, Dictyophyllum exile, Thainguyenopteris parvipinnulata, Osmundopsis sturii, cf. Marattiopsis intermedia, Scytophyllum waehneri, and Peltaspermum decipiense. In this study, 5 ferns and seed ferns species are reported for the first time in the northeastern Alborz Mountain. A Late Triassic (Rhaetian) age is assigned to the Shemshak Group based on ferns and seed ferns chronostratigraphy. Also, a lowland deltaic environment, including wet and drier conditions, is suggested by ferns and seed ferns revealed in the studied area.
... Early and Middle Jurassic floras shared the same set of plant communities over a wide geographical area (Vakhrameev, 1991). Several authors maintained constant, basic floral successions during the Middle Jurassic time throughout Europe (Vakhrameev, 1964), in particular ranging from England (Harris, 1961(Harris, , 1964(Harris, , 1969(Harris, , 1979Harris et al., 1974;Van Konijnenburg-van Cittert & Morgans, 1999;Cleal et al., 2001;Van Konijnenburg-van Cittert, 2008), Portugal (Pais, 1998) in the South-West, Sardinia in the South (Scanu et al., 2012, 2015, Costamagna et al., 2018, Buosi et al., 2018, throughout the Germanic Basin to Poland, western Ukraine, the Volga area, Donbas, the southern Urals (Vakhrameev, 1991), Romania in the East (Dragastan & Barbulescu, 1980;Popa & van Konijnenburg-van Cittert, 2006) and Iran (Kilpper, 1964(Kilpper, , 1968(Kilpper, , 1971Alavi & Barale, 1970;Barnard & Miller, 1976;Sadovnikov, 1976Sadovnikov, , 1983Sadovnikov, , 1991Corsin & Stampfli, 1977;Fakhr, 1977;Schweitzer & Kirchner, 1995, 1996, 1998Schweitzer et al., 1997Schweitzer et al., , 2000Schweitzer et al., , 2009Vaez-Javadi & Pour-Latifi, 2002Vaez-Javadi & Ghavidel-Syooki, 2002;Saadat Nejad, 2005;Vaez-Javadi & Mirzaie-Ataabadi, 2006;Vaez-Javadi, 2008, 2014, 2015, 2017, 2018aSaadat Nejad et al., 2010;Fadaiey Khojasteh et al., 2010;Popa et al., 2012;Vaez-Javadi & Abbasi, 2012, 2018Ameri et al., 2013Ameri et al., , 2014Vaez-Javadi & Allameh, 2015;Vaez-Javadi & Namjoo, 2015;Mehdizade et al., 2016;Ameri, 2018). Barbacka et al. (2014) (Mehdizade et al., 2016), South Kouchekali (Vaez-Javadi, 2018a), Lenjan (Ameri, 2018), and Babhutk (Ameri et al., 2013) (Table 2). ...
Jurassic deposits have been found in the Shahreza area, southwest of Isfahan city, central Iran. They yield plant macrofossils belonging to 22 species assigned to 17 genera of various orders such as Equisetales, Filicales, Bennettitales, Cycadales, Ginkgoales, and Coniferales. According to the occurrence of Annulariopsis simpsonii, Cladophlebis aktashensis, Nilssonia macrophylla, and Elatides thomasii, late Early-Middle Jurassic age is suggested for this assemblage. The relative abundance of Filicales, Coniferales, and Cycadales are 49.98%, 27.19%, and 8.77%, respectively. Although Iran was located in a humid and warm temperate biome during the Middle Jurassic, the flora of Shahreza area indicates that it occurred at various environments: upland, wetter/drier lowland, river and coastal with a temperate and humid climate. Moreover, 16 miospore species belonging to 13 genera, and seven dinocyst species assigned to three genera were identified from the studied area. Therefore, it is concluded that Shahreza reflects a coastal plain along a shallow water environment where plant macrofossil remains and miospores were sedimented.
... The study on these floras started with Göppert (1861), regarding the Tash Area, followed by Stur (1886) regarding the Ab-e-Yek Area, and Schenk (1887) regarding the Hiv region. Subsequently, a large number of additional Mesozoic floras in Alborz Mountains and in Central Iran (Plate 1) has been discovered and studied, reflected by the works of Krasser (1891), Zeiller (1905), Boureau et al. (1950), Kilpper (1964Kilpper ( , 1968Kilpper ( , 1975, Lorenz (1964), Barnard (1967aBarnard ( , 1967bBarnard ( , 1968, Alavi and Barale (1970), Fakhr (1975), Barnard and Miller (1976), Sadovnikov (1976Sadovnikov ( , 1989, Corsin and Stampfli (1977), Schweitzer (1977Schweitzer ( , 1978; and then, studies of Boersma and Van Konijnenburg-van Cittert (1991), Schweitzer and Kirchner (1995, Schweitzer et al. (1997Schweitzer et al. ( , 2000Schweitzer et al. ( , 2009, Mirzaei-Ataabadi et al. (2005), Vaez-Javadi and Mirzaei-Ataabadi (2006), Saadat-Nejad et al. (2010), and Popa et al. (2012), recently. ...
The coal horizons of the Middle Jurassic Hojedk Formation of East-Central Iran are fossiliferous, bearing numerous well-preserved fossil plants, comparable to the Shemshak Group/Formation in the Alborz Mountains in Northern Iran. Here we present two recently discovered fossil taxa from the Middle Jurassic Hojedk Formation of the Tabas Block (Central Iran). Based on their distinct morphologies, impression/compression specimens can be assigned to Phlebopteris dunkeri (Schenk) Schenk (Palaeontographica 23: 157–163, 1875) and P. woodwardii Leckenby (Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society 20 (1–2): 74–82, 1864), belonging to Matoniaceae. This is the first record of these two taxa in Iran. Taxa belonging to Equisetaceae, Marattiaceae, Dipteridaceae, Schizaeaceae, Dicksoniaceae, Caytoniales, Bennettitales, Cycadales and Podozamitaceae were observed as accompanying taxa in the studied section. Ecology comparison of the Hojedk Formation plant fossils with the extant relatives of the fossil plant taxa occurring in these deposits indicates accumulation of the host strata under a moist warm (tropical to subtropical) climate during the Middle Jurassic.
... Moreover, largescale coal bearing stratigraphic units such as the Shemshak and Hojedk units, ranging from Rhaetian to Bajocian, are widespread across these localities. The stratigraphic and the geographic distribution of identified species throughout Iran is summarized in the Supplementary information (Tab. 1, taken from Kilpper 1964Kilpper , 1968Kilpper , 1971Alavi & Barale 1970;Bar- nard & Miller 1976;Sadovnikov 1976Sadovnikov , 1984Sadovnikov , 1991Corsin & Stampfli 1977;Fakhr 1977;Schweitzer & Kirchner 1995, 2003Schweitzer et al. 1997Schweitzer et al. , 2000Schweitzer et al. , 2009Vaez-Javadi & Pour-Latifi 2004;Vaez-Javadi & Mirzaei-Ataabadi 2006;Vaez-Java- di 2008, 2011, 2012, 2014, 2015Saadatnejad et al. 2010; Vaez-Javadi & Abbasi 2012; Popa et al. 2012;Vaez-Javadi & Allameh 2015;Vaez-Javadi & Nam- joo 2016). The plant macrofossils reported in this paper were previously recorded from several localities in the northern hemisphere (Supplementary information, Tab. 2). ...
The Middle Jurassic deposits of the Shemshak Group and Hojedk Formation are widespread in
north, central, and central east Iran. In this paper, the Hojedk Formation in South Kouchekali, southwestern Tabas
city, central east Iran was studied for palaeobotany and stratigraphy. This formation contains well preserved plant macrofossils
belonging to 43 species assigned to 24 genera of various orders such as Equisetales, Filicales, Bennettitales,
Cycadales, Caytoniales, Ginkgoales and Pinales. One biozone and four subzones are recognized. The lower and the
upper boundaries of this assemblage biozone are identified by the first and the last observed occurrences of Coniopteris
hymenophylloides (Brongniart) Seward, 1900 and Klukia exilis (Phillips) Raciborski, 1890, respectively. According to
the occurrences of these index species and Ptilophyllum harrisianum Kilpper, 1968 and Nilssonia macrophylla Jacob &
Shukla, 1955, an early Middle Jurassic (Aalenian-Bajocian) age is considered for this assemblage biozone. Moreover,
a comparative biostratigraphy for the Middle Jurassic of Iran is suggested. As a result, the Coniopteris hymenophylloides-
Klukia exilis Assemblage biozone is proposed as a biozone widespread through the whole Iranian Plate. On the basis
of the relative abundance of Filicales, Pinales, Cycadales, and Equisetales and of the high diversity and abundance of
macrophyllous cycadophytes (eight species), a humid sub-tropical climate is suggested for this locality. In addition,
floral gradient, correspondence analysis and similarity index were considered. Therefore, it is confirmed that a uniform
palaeoclimate and vegetation cover occurred in Iran during the Middle Jurassic and that Iran was located within
Vakhrameev’s Euro-Sinian Region.
... The flora from this locality is here reported for the first time. 2, 4, 6, 8, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 21, 23, 24, 26 4, 6, 9, 10, 11, 14, 15, 21 11, 12, 14, 15, 17, 21 1, 6, 21 14, 21 24 5, 15, 17, 21 8, 12, 14, 15 20, 25 5, 17 23 7, 11, 15, 21 3, 8, 15, 21 8, 15 18, 20 16, 20 22 11, 19, 20 19, 20 19, 20 12, 15 26 26 26 1-Kilpper (1964), 2-Kilpper (1968, 3- Alavi & Barale (1970), 4-Kilpper (1971, 5- Barnard & Miller (1976), 6-Sadovnikov (1976), 7-Corsin & Stampfli (1977), 8-Fakhr (1977), 9-Sadovnikov (1984, 10-Sadovnikov (1991), 11-Schweitzer & Kirchner (1995), 12-Schweitzer & Kirchner (1996), 13-Schweitzer et al. (1997), 14-Schweitzer & Kirchner (1998 ...
Jurassic deposits are well exposed in the Bazehowz area, south west of Mashhad city, East Alborz, Iran. It contains plant macrofossils belonging to eighteen species allocated to eleven genera of various orders such as of Equisetales, Filicales, Bennettitales, Cycadales, Corystospermales, Caytoniales, Ginkgoales and Pinales. Two biozones were recognized in the type section of Bazehowz Formation. Biozone I is an assemblage biozones with its lower and upper boundaries identified by first observed occurrence (FOO) and the last observed occurrence (LOO) of Nilssonia rigida, Nilsssonia cf. bozorga and N. feriziensis. Since there are species from Liassic such as Nilssonia rigida and uppermost Liassic such as Nilssonia feriziensis and Nilssonia cf. bozorga a Toarcian age is suggested for this biozone. Biozone II is an interval zone with its lower and upper boundaries identified by FOO of Klukia exilis and Ptilophyllum vasekgahense and Coniopteris hymenophylloides and Ctenozamites cycadea, respectively. According to occurrence of Klukia exilis, a lowermost Middle Jurassic age is suggested for the lower boundary and based on the occurrence of Coniopteris hymenophylloides Aalenian age is considered for upper boundary of Biozone II. On the basis of relative abundance of Filicales (%16.6), Bennettitales (%27.7) and Cycadales (%27.7) it is considered a humid sub-tropical climate for this period of time.
... The flora from this locality is here reported for the first time. 2, 4, 6, 8, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 21, 23, 24, 26 4, 6, 9, 10, 11, 14, 15, 21 11, 12, 14, 15, 17, 21 1, 6, 21 14, 21 24 5, 15, 17, 21 8, 12, 14, 15 20, 25 5, 17 23 7, 11, 15, 21 3, 8, 15, 21 8, 15 18, 20 16, 20 22 11, 19, 20 19, 20 19, 20 12, 15 26 26 26 1-Kilpper (1964), 2-Kilpper (1968, 3- Alavi & Barale (1970), 4-Kilpper (1971, 5- Barnard & Miller (1976), 6-Sadovnikov (1976), 7-Corsin & Stampfli (1977), 8-Fakhr (1977), 9-Sadovnikov (1984, 10-Sadovnikov (1991), 11-Schweitzer & Kirchner (1995), 12-Schweitzer & Kirchner (1996), 13-Schweitzer et al. (1997), 14-Schweitzer & Kirchner (1998 ...
Jurassic deposits are well exposed in the Bazehowz area, south west of Mashhad city, East Alborz, Iran. It contains plant macrofossils belonging to eighteen species allocated to eleven genera of various orders such as of Equisetales, Filicales, Bennettitales, Cycadales, Corystospermales, Caytoniales, Ginkgoales and Pinales. Two biozones were recognized in the type section of Bazehowz Formation. Biozone I is an assemblage biozones with its lower and upper boundaries identified by first observed occurrence (FOO) and the last observed occurrence (LOO) of Nilssonia rigida, Nilsssonia cf. bozorga and N. feriziensis. Since there are species from Liassic such as Nilssonia rigida and uppermost Liassic such as Nilssonia feriziensis and Nilssonia cf. bozorga a Toarcian age is suggested for this biozone. Biozone II is an interval zone with its lower and upper boundaries identified by FOO of Klukia exilis and Ptilophyllum vasekgahense and Coniopteris hymenophylloides and Ctenozamites cycadea, respectively. According to occurrence of Klukia exilis, a lowermost Middle Jurassic age is suggested for the lower boundary and based on the occurrence of Coniopteris hymenophylloides Aalenian age is considered for upper boundary of Biozone II. On the basis of relative abundance of Filicales (%16.6), Bennettitales (%27.7) and Cycadales (%27.7) it is considered a humid sub-tropical climate for this period of time.
... The Triassic-Jurassic compressive flora of Iran is one of the most important floras of this age in the world, both in terms of diversity and preservation, studied since the XIX-th Century by Göppert (1861), Stur (1886), and Schenk (1887). These early works were continued by a series of contributions provided by Krasser (1891), Zeiller (1905), Boureau et al. (1950), Lorenz (1964), Kilpper (1964Kilpper ( , 1968Kilpper ( , 1971Kilpper ( , 1975, Alavi and Barale (1970), Barnard (1965Barnard ( , 1967Barnard ( , 1968, Barnard and Miller (1976), Cartier (1971), Poliansky et al. (1975), Fakhr (1977), Corsin and Stampfli (1977), Boersma and Van Konijnenburg -van Cittert (1991). During later years, the papers of Schweitzer (1977, 1978a, 1978b), Schweitzer and Kirchner (1995, 1998, 2003, Schweitzer et al. ( , 2000Schweitzer et al. ( , 2009, Sadovnikov (1980Sadovnikov ( , 1991 and of Vaez-Javadi (2002, 2006, 2012a, 2012b, Vaez-Javadi and Ghavidel-Syooki (2002), Vaez-Javadi and Pour-Latifi (2002, 2004, Vaez-Javadi and Mirzaei-Ataabadi (2006), Vaez-Javadi and Abbasi (2012), Mirzaei-Ataabadi et al. (2005) and Saadat-Nejad et al. (2010) contributed to the knowledge of the Triassic-Jurassic flora of Iran. ...
A new occurrence of the Schizaeaceous fern Klukia exilis (Philips 1829) Raciborski 1890 emend. Harris 1961 is identified in Ahan Sar, a new fossiliferous locality in the Amol area, Mazandaran Province, in Alborz Mountains, Northern Iran. These fossils were collected from a section close to a coal mine in Ahan Sar, included in the Triassic-Jurassic coal bearing Shemshak Group, indicating the Middle Jurassic age of the local sedimentary sequence, most probably the Dansirit Formation, equivalent of the classical Upper Carbonaceous Series of the Shemshak Formation. The studied material includes both sterile and fertile material, represented by compressed, immature frond fragments of Klukia exilis. This paper discusses the morphological variations of this fern species, together with a discussion on its previous paleobotanical descriptions and occurrences, Klukia exilis having a wide distribution as it represents an important stratigraphical marker for the Middle Jurassic.
Hojdek Formation in the Kale-Shur area consists of an alternation of fine quartz arenitic-arkosic sandstones with dark gray to green shales and coal seams. This formation includes relatively well-preserved plant macrofossils which are studied here for the first time. 15 species of 9 genera belonging to different orders such as Equisetales, Filicales, Sycadales, and Pinales have been determined in this study. Based on these species, one biozone called Nilssonia bozorga - Coniopteris hymenophylloides Assemblage zone and two subzones in ascending order called Klukia exilis Taxon Range zone (I) and Ferizianopteris undulata-Equisetites sp. cf.E. columnaris Interval zone (II) were recognized in this section. These biozones in the study area are comparable with the correspondent biozones of the Middle Jurassic interval in the Tabas area. Thus, the Coniopteris hymenophylloides-Klukia exilis Assemblage zone is proposed as a widespread biozone for the Tabas area during the Middle Jurassic. According to occurrence of the index fossils such as Coniopteris hymenophylloides and Klukia exilix the age of Aalenian-Bajocian is considered for this assemblage. Analytical studies reveal the Filicales, Cycadales, Pinales, and Equisetales respectively with a relative abundance of 48.08%, 32.69%, 15.38%, and 3.85% were the most plentiful orders in the Middle Jurassic succession of the Kale-Shur area. In addition, Nilssonia, Podozamites, Ferizianopteris, and Lobifolia were the most abundant genera with 32.69%, 15.38%, 11.54%, and 11.54% abundance in the region. The relative abundance of Filicales and Cycadales established a humid sub-tropical climate for this region.
In the second part of the series dealing with the flora of the Grojec clays (Poland, Middle Jurassic),
macroremains of Osmundales are introduced. The re-examined and supplemented material originates from three collections: specimens collected and described in Polish by Raciborski in 1894; specimens preliminarily described by Stur (1888), housed at the Geological Survey of Austria; and Raciborski’s still-unpublished material stored at the Institute of Botany of the Jagiellonian University. So far, 15 taxa of Cladophlebis have been described from the Osmundales of Grojec clays, and two species of Todites (Todea) and Osmundopsis (Osmunda) sturii. Detailed observations indicate that a large part of the material (12 taxa described by Raciborski) should be assigned to three widespread Jurassic species: Cladophlebis denticulata, C. haiburnensis, and C. roessertii. Cladophlebis aurita and C. bartonecii, created by Raciborski, should be retained. The occurrence of sterile and fertile fronds of Todites williamsonii (originally described as Todea williamsonis, Cladophlebis whitbiensis, and Cladophlebis solida) is confirmed for Grojec. Two species described by Raciborski (1894) required a change of generic names – Osmundopsis (Osmunda) sturii and Todites (Todea) princeps. This paper provides the taxonomical descriptions and considers the palaeoecology of 5 Cladophlebis species (C. aurita, C. denticulata, C. haiburnensis, C. roessertii, C. bartonecii) and other osmundaceous ferns such as Osmundopsis sturii, Todites williamsonii, and T. princeps.
2 ﻗﺼﺎﺑﻴﺎن ﻧﻌﻴﻤﻲ ﻧﺎﺻﺮ ، 3 1 اﻳﺮان ﻧﻔﺖ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ـ) اﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ (اﻳﺮان ،ﺗﻬﺮان ، 2 ،ﻣﺸﻬﺪ ﻓﺮدوﺳﻲ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ،ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻓﺴﻴﻞ ﻗﻄﺐ ـ اﻳﺮان 3 ﺷﺮق ﺷﻤﺎل ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ـ ﻛﺸﻮر ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ اﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﺎت و ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ زﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ـ اﻳﺮان ،ﻣﺸﻬﺪ ، ﺟﻤﻊ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﺎﻛﺮوﻓﺴﻴﻠﻬﺎي از ﺗﻌﺪادي ﺷﺎﻧﺪﻳﺰ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ آوري . ﻣﻴﺎن اﻳﻦ در 22 و ﺟﻨﺲ 39 ﻣﺎﻛﺮوﻓﺴﻴﻞ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﮔﺮدﻳـﺪه ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ و ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ،ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ دم ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﺳﺮﺧﺴﻬﺎي ،اﺳﺒﻴﺎن ، داﻧﻪ ﺳﺮﺧﺴﻬﺎي ﻣﺨﺮوﻃﻴﺎن و ژﻳﻨﻜﻮﻫﺎ ،ﺳﻴﻜﺎدﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎزداﻧﮕﺎن و دار ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ . ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺟـﻨﺲ ﻫﻔـﺖ ﺗﻌـﺪاد ﻗﺒﻴـﻞ از Carpolithes ، Cycadocarpidium ، Pachypteris ، Phoenicopsis ، Pseudoctenis ، Ptilophyllum و Sphenarion و ﭘــــﻨﺞ ﺗﻌــــﺪاد ﮔﻮﻧــــﻪ ﺷــــﺎﻣﻞ Dictyophyllum nervulosum ، Ginkgoites To determine the age sequence of clastic sediments deposited on metamorphic rocks known as the Mashhad phyllite geological map 1:25000 Quadrangle
Co A number of plant macrofossils were collected. Among the 22 genera and 39 species of plant macrofossil study was to identify the
Include horsetails, Srkhs·hay real Srkhs·hay grainy and gymnosperms, including cycads, and conifers are Zhynkvha. The seven genera such as
And five species Sphenarion and Ptilophyllum, Pseudoctenis, Phoenicopsis, Pachypteris, Cycadocarpidium, Carpolithes
For Nilssonia undulata and Nilssonia ingens, Neocalamites ishpushtensis, Ginkgoites baieraeformis, Dictyophyllum nervulosum
No) Jc Binalood first zone are reported. The map consists of 4 parts in clastic sediments of the second period (from bottom to top) floor of conglomerate 1
They are. Stratigraphy and accumulates Jc values and classes 3 sh.s conglomerate sandstone horizons Chile, Jc plant fossils), conglomerate floors 2
Cladophlebis stratigraphic position and the presence of these classes, such as classes Jc conglomerate 2 Phoenicopsis and Coniopteris sex
And Nilssonia feriziensis, Klukia exilis, Ginkgoites cordilobata, Ginkgoites baieraeformis, Dictyophyllum nervulosum, denticulate
Sh.s and Jc and the end of the age of the Late Liassic (Toarcian) Early Early Dogger (Alnyn) for all classes 2, sh.s Chile sandstone horizon Nilssonia ingens
Coniopteris, Cladophlebis denticulata, Cladophlebis cf. Jc feriziensis such as the presence of indicator species found in the conglomerate horizon 3
And Klukia, Coniopteris and abundant presence of three genera Sagenopteris cf. iranica and Neocalamites ishpushtensis, Klukia exilis, hymenophylloides
Early Early Dogger age (Alnyn Bajocian) is recommended for this class. , Sh.s together and placed it on the horizon Phoenicopsis
Keywords: plant macrofossil, Late Liassic (Toarcian) Early Early Dogger (Alnyn Bajocian), Grakhk Co, Binalood, Iran.
The Hojedk Formation is well exposed at Dasht-e-Khak, Hashooni mine and Pabdana in the Kerman area in east-central Iran. Thirty-nine species of plant macrofossils, belonging to 21 genera from different orders, are identified in this study. The new species Todites fakhri sp. nov. (Order Osmundales) and Klukia crenata sp. nov. (Order Filicales) are described. Phyllotheca equisetitoides and Czekanowskia rigida are reported for the first time from this region. On the basis of the stratigraphic ranges of species such as Nilssonia feriziensis, Elatides thomasii, Coniopteris hymenophylloides, Nilssonia macrophylla and Klukia exilis, a Bajocian-Bathonian (early Middle Jurassic) age is suggested for the Hojedk Formation in this region. This flora resembles the plant megafossil assemblages of the upper part of Shemshak Formation which occurs widely through the central and eastern Alborz region in the north of Iran, suggesting a uniform paleoclimate and environment in Iran at this time.
The study of several plant localities gives newprecisions on the age of the Shemshak Formation in Eastern Elburz. The different members of the Formation are tentatively grouped into floral assemblages. A paleogeographic map is proposed.
For age determination of detrital sediments that have been deposited on metamorphic rocks in 1:25000 map of Shandiz, several macrofossils are collected. In this study, 22 genus and 39 species are identified and presented. They consist of Horsetails; natural Ferns seed Ferns & Gymnosperms and consist of Cycades, Gynkgoes & Conifers. Seven genus consist of Carpolithes, Cycadocarpidium, Pacypteris, Phoenicopsis, Pseudoctenis, Ptilophyllum & Sphenarion and five species consist of Dictyophyllum nervulosum, Ginkgoites baieraformis, Neocalamites ishpushtensis, Nilssonia ingens & Nilssonia undulate are report for the first time from Binaloud zone. Mesozoic detrital sediments in this map consists of 4 members (from base to top) including Conglomerate beds Jc1 (without plant fossil), Conglomerate beds Jc2, Shaly – Sandstone bed sh.s and Conglomerate beds Jc3. According to their stratigraphical distribution and assemblage of two genus Coniopteris and Phoenicopsis in Conglomerate beds Jc2 and stratigraphical position of this beds and also presence of species such as Cladophlebis denticulate, Dictyophyllum nervulosum, Ginkgoites baieraformis, Ginkgoites cordilobata, Klukia exilis, Nilssona ingens & Nilssonia feriziensis in Shaly – Sandstone bed sh.s, latest Late Liassic (Toarcian) to Early Dogger (Aalenian) age are suggested for both of Jc2 and sh.s beds. Based on the presence of index species from Conglomerate beds Jc3 such as Cladophlebis cf. feriziensis, Cladophlebis denticulate, Coniopteris hymenophylloides, Klukia exilis, Neocalamites ishpushtensis & Sagenopteris cf. Iranica and abundance of 3 genus consist of Coniopteris, Klukia and Phoenicopsis that are present in the sh.s bed, Early Dogger (Aalenian – Bajocian) age are suggested for this bed.
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