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RESEARCH ARTICLE Am. J. PharmTech Res. 2018; 8(5) ISSN: 2249-3387
Please cite this article as: Seastin V et al., Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Studies of Whole Plants of
Talinum fruticosum L.ioavailability. American Journal of PharmTech Research 2018.
Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Studies of Whole Plants of
Talinum fruticosum L.
Sebastin V1*, P. Ajith Kumar2, Ashmal K1, Marriyammma Razeena1, Nafeesath Misriya1,
Razeena Bhanu1
1. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Malik Deenar College of Pharmacy, Seethangoli,
Kasaragod, Kerala
2. Principal, Malik Deenar College of Pharmacy, Seethangoli, Kasaragod, Kerala.
ABSTRACT
Talinum fruticosum.L (Talinaceae) is a erect, stout, fleshy, perennial herb. It is used as a leaf
vegetable. It contain rich in vitamins including vitamin A and C and minerals such as iron and
calcium. The present work highlights phytochemical and antimicrobial studies of Talinum
fruticosum. The whole plant were collected from Kasaragod district and subjected to successive
solvent extraction. The next step the various extracts of the plant were tried to phytochemical
screening. The phytochemical screening shows the presence of flavonoids glycosides carbohydrates
and protein. the chloroform and methanolic extracts were subjected to phytochemical screening. The
chloroform extract shown the activity against gram positive organism. The phytoconstituents like
flavonoids, glycosides are responsible for this activity. The phytochemical studies gave confirmation
of the above said result.
Keyword: Talinum fruticosum. L, phytochemical, antibacterial
*Corresponding Author Email: seba.pharm@gmail.com
Received 14 August 2018, Accepted 27 August 2018
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Sebastin et. al., Am. J. PharmTech Res. 2018;8(5) ISSN: 2249-3387
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126
INTRODUCTION
Medicinal plant constitutes of a very important resources of indigenous medicinal system for the last
300 years. Moreover the increasing the use of the plant extracts in the food, cosmetics, and
pharmaceutical industries suggests that in order to find out the active ingredient various methods are
employed and utilized the plants for medicinal purpose. Antimicrobial agents are one of the potent
class of medicinal compounds in which studies were conducted. Talinum fruticosum.L(Talinaceae)
is a erect, stout, fleshy, perennial herb used as a leaf vegetable. It contain rich in vitamins including
vitamin A and C and minerals such as iron and calcium. The present work highlights phytochemical
and antimicrobial studies of Talinum fruticosum1,2
Figure 1 Talinum fruticosum.L
METHODOLOGY
Collection:
The whole plant of Talinum fruticosum.L was collected from Kasaragod and dried and powdered
Extraction:
Extraction of the dried powder of the leaves of Talinum fruticosum was carried out by successive
solvent extraction using solvents of increasing polarity viz. petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl
acetate, methanol and water. around 2grams of the leaves were weighed, moistened with respective
solvent and packed in the soxhlet extractor and was then extracted with 500ml each of the petroleum
ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and water .After each extraction, the same dried marc was
used for the subsequent extraction. Each extract was then filtered, the solvent distilled off and finally
the dried extract was obtained.6
Preliminary Phytochemical Screening3:
Various chemical tests were carried out using the extract was performed for identify the presence of
alkaloids, glycosides, phenolic and flavonoids, flavonones, terpenoids and sterols.
Antibacterial screening by Kirby Bauer method9, 10
Singh et. al., Am. J. PharmTech Res. 2018; 8(5) ISSN: 2249-3387
127
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Mueller Hinton agar plates were prepared aseptically to get a thickness of 5-6mm.the plates were
allowed to solidify and inverted to prevent the condensate falling on the agar surface. The plates
were dried at 37oC before inoculation. The organism was inoculated in the plates prepared earlier,
by dipping a sterile swab in the previously standardized inoculum, removing the excess of inoculum
by pressing and rotating the swab firmly against the sides of the culture tube above the level of the
liquid and finally streaking the swab all over the surface of the medium 3 times, rotating the plates
through angle of plate 60oafter each application. Finally the swab was pressed round the edge of the
agar surface. It was allowed to dry at room temperature with lid closed. The sterile disc containing
the drugs, standard and blank were placed on the previously incubated surface of the Mueller Hinton
agar plate and it was kept in the refrigerator for one hour to facilitate uniform diffusion of the drugs.
Plates were prepared in triplicate and they were then incubated for 18-24 hours at 37oC. Observations
were made for zone of inhibition around the drugs and compared with that of standard.
RESULTS AND DISSCUSION
Successive solvent extraction method was done using petroleum ether, chloroform, acetone, ethyl
acetate, methanol and water. The characteristics of extracts shown in the table no:3
Table.3: Extracts characteristics
Sl no
Solvent used for extraction
colour
Consistency
Percentage yield(%w/w)
1
2
3
4
5
Petroleum ether
Ethyl acetate
chloroform
Methanol
water
Dark green
Dark green
Dark green
Dark green
Black
Semisolid
Semisolid
Semisolid
Semisolid
soild
11.45
05.50
08.45
12.25
51.35
Preliminary phytochemical screening
Table 4: Results of Preliminary phytochemical screening of different extracts of the plant.
Sl
no:
Phytoconstituents
test/Reagents used
Peteter
extract
Chloroform
extract
Ethylacetate
extract
Methanol
extract
Aqueous
extract
1
Alkaloids
-
-
-
-
-
2
Glycosides
-
-
-
-
+
3
Phenolic Compounds
-
-
-
+
++
4
Flavones & Flavonoids
-
+
+
+
++
5
Carbohydrates
-
+
++
+
+
6
Proteins
-
-
-
+
-
7
Terpenoids
+ +
+
+
+
+
8
Sterols
+
-
+
9
Saponins
-
-
++
+
+
10
Gum & Mucillages
-
-
-
-
-
11
Volatile Oil
-
-
-
-
-
Sebastin et. al., Am. J. PharmTech Res. 2018;8(5) ISSN: 2249-3387
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128
Antibacterial activity:
The extracts were subjected to antimicrobial activity using different bacterial strains by agar well
diffusion method. The methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts were shown significant antibacterial
properties. The results are shown in the table no:6 and figure no:2,3
Table 6 Zone of inhibition in bacterial strains
Sl no
Extracts
Diameter of zone of inhibition in mm (100µg/disc)
Stephylococcus aureus
Escherichia coli
100
200
300
400
100
200
300
400
1
Stnandard(5µg)
24
25
25
24
24
25
25
24
2
control
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
methanol
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
chloroform
12
13
16
18
0
0
0
0
(-) indicates no zone of inhibition,
(Diameter of zone of inhibition:17 mm & above: Sensitive, 13-16mm: Moderately sensitive, <12
mm: resistant).
Singh et. al., Am. J. PharmTech Res. 2018; 8(5) ISSN: 2249-3387
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CONCLUSION
The whole plant of Talinum fruticosum were collected, authentified, dried and subject to successive
solvent extraction using pet ether , chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and water as per standard
procedure.These extract were used for phytochemical studies. The extract showed the presence of
glycoside, flavonoids and carbohydrate. The chloroform and methanol extract was then subjected to
antimicrobial studies. The chloroform extract was found to be effective against gram positive
microorganism. The inhibition may be due to Glycosides and flavonoids. The compound responsible
for the antimicrobial activity can be confirmed only after isolating the active constituent in the
extract.
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