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Mapping the Uses of ‘Sex’ Dolls: Pornographic Content, Doll Brothels and the Similarities with Rape
Abstract
The ways in which the sexual subordination of women to men is constructed within the structures of patriarchal societiesPatriarchal societies has been a very important field of study in feminist theoryFeminist theory since the 1960s (Dworkin 1974Dworkin, Andrea; Jeffreys 1991, A Feminist Perspective on the Sexual Revolution. Spinifex Press, Anticlimax, 2012 [1991]Jeffreys, Sheila; Millett, Kate. 2017 [1969]. Política sexual. Madrid: Cátedra. [1969]; Cobo, La prostitución en el corazón del capitalismo, La Catarata, Madrid, 2017). An important part of feminist inquiries has been dedicated to the sexual objectificationObjectification of women within the pornographic industry (Frye, The Politics of Reality: Essays in Feminist Theory, Crossing Press, New York, 1983; Jeffreys, The Industrial Vagina: The Political Economy of the Global Sex Trade, Routledge, Abingdon, 2009; Walter, Natasha. 2010. Muñecas vivientes. El regreso del sexismo. Madrid: Turner Publicaciones.; Cobo, Rosa. 2011. Hacia una nueva política sexual. Las mujeres ante la reacción patriarcal. Madrid: Catarata.; Cobo, Rosa. 2020. Pornografía. El placer del poder. Barcelona: Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial.;).
Tarihsel yaşam biçimlerimizi kökünden değiltiren hadiselerle doldurur. Avcı
toplayıcı zamanlardan tarım devrimine, tarımdan sanayileşmeye uzanan
yolculuklar insan toplumları boyunca, içinde bulundukları kırılmaların her birinden
farklı olarak farklı sıcaklıklarda etkilenmişlerdir.
Sanayi devrimi; ekonomiye, siyasete, kültüre bölünmeyen büyük bir dönüşüme
neden olmuştur. Halihazırda deneyimlemekte olduğumuz Sanayi 4.0 ise bugünün
taşınabilir değerlerinin başında gelen yapay zeka ve robotik teknolojilerini
beraberinde getiriyor. Böylece insanın makineyle değişimi farklı bir şekilde
değiştirilmiştir.
Bu tezin konusu ise insanların ile olan iletişiminde sosyal genişlemeleri açısından
tam anlamıyla makine işlemlerinin taşan yapay zekalı seks robotlarıdır. Zira amansızca
bu yeni teknolojilerin sonuçları bir muammadır. Üretici firmalar,
bilim insanları ve robotlarla geçişe geçişe aday olan herkes perspektifleri aynı
olmasa da seks robotlarıyla ilgili basit bir ikilemde ihtilafa düşmektedir. Kimileri seks
robotlarını güçlü bir şekilde savunurken, kimileri de aynı şekilde reddetmektedir.
Bu tez çalışması, insan toplumlarının kendi icatları olan yapay zekalı haz
makineleriyle aralarında farklılık/gelişecek paketler, sonuçların olumlu ve
olumsuz bozulmaları ortaya çıkma, bu genişlemeleri, işlevsel bir bakışla
tartışılmaktadır. Bu nedenle bu ortaya çıkan seks robotlarının varlığının durumu
iki ayrı ucu temsil eden Kathleen Richardson ve David Levy'nin yayınları
başta olmak üzere cinsel kimlik, toplumsal cinsiyet, parafili ve sınıf başlıkları
altında yer alabilecek kitap, kitap bölümü, makale, gazete haberi, anket verileri,
video gibi çeşitli kaynaklar derlenmiştir.
Love dolls, the successors of blow-up dolls, are widespread. They can be ordered online or bought in sex shops and can be found in brothels and households. Sex robots are also on the rise. Research, however, has been slow to address this topic thoroughly. Often, it does not differentiate between users and areas of application, remaining vague, especially in the humanities and social sciences. The present contribution deals with the idea and history of love dolls and sex robots. Against this background, it identifies areas of application that have not been investigated or have hardly been investigated at all. These include prisons, the military, monasteries and seminaries, science, art and design as well as the gamer scene. There is, at least, some relevant research about the application of these artefacts in nursing and retirement homes and as such, these will be given priority. The use of love dolls and sex robots in all these fields is outlined, special features are discussed and initial ethical, legal and pragmatic considerations are made. It becomes clear that artificial love servants can create added value, but that their use must be carefully considered and prepared. In some cases, their use may even be counterproductive.
For decades, scholars and public health officials have been concerned with the depictions of sexual aggression in pornography, especially when acts of aggression are depicted with no consequences. Social cognitive theory suggests behaviors that are rewarded are more likely to be learned by consumers while those punished are less likely to be learned. To date, however, there has not been a large-scale content analysis to provide researchers with the baseline knowledge of the amount of sexual aggression in online pornography nor have previous content analyses examined the reactions of the targets of sexual aggression. This study of 4009 heterosexual scenes from two major free pornographic tube sites (Pornhub and Xvideos) sought to provide this baseline. Overall, 45% of Pornhub scenes included at least one act of physical aggression, while 35% of scenes from Xvideos contained aggression. Spanking, gagging, slapping, hair pulling, and choking were the five most common forms of physical aggression. Women were the target of the aggression in 97% of the scenes, and their response to aggression was either neutral or positive and rarely negative. Men were the perpetrators of aggression against women in 76% of scenes. Finally, examining the 10 most populous categories, the Amateur and Teen categories in Xvideos and the Amateur category in Pornhub had significantly less aggression, while the Xvideos Hardcore category had significantly more physical aggression against women. This study suggests aggression is common against women in online pornography, while repercussions to this aggression are rarely portrayed.
This chapter introduces the edited collection Robot Sex: Social and Ethical Implications. It proposes a definition of the term 'sex robot' and examines some current prototype models. It also considers the three main ethical questions one can ask about sex robots: (i) do they benefit/harm the user? (ii) do they benefit/harm society? or (iii) do they benefit/harm the robot?
The increasing market for realistic sex dolls has led to heated debate about future relationships with these entities and whether they could lead to an increasing objectification of women or possibly encourage abuse. However, limited academic research has been carried out on the topic, and little is known about the motivations and experiences of those who purchase and use sex dolls. Therefore, we conducted a mixed methods study of 83 participants, accessed through online doll forums, who completed a 22-item, semi-structured questionnaire. The majority were heterosexual, white, employed, middle-aged males; just over half were not in a current relationship, and approximately half lived alone. A thematic analysis revealed a high prevalence of non-sexual, post-human companionship dynamics between dolls and their owners, as well as reservations by doll owners about future robotic developments. In light of these findings, we suggest a new term, ‘allodoll’, which more accurately reflects the broader, non-sexual relationships of these doll owners, and could broaden the scope of future research. Although sex doll forums may be biased towards certain types of doll users, our findings may allay some of the fears of the more detrimental consequences of sex doll use.
This paper considers sex with robots for love free encounters within the context of pornographic experiences. Leisure sex and pornography are briefly outlined, along with the potential of the market. Limited research on both the user experience of pornography and the physical functionality of sex robots is highlighted. The physical embodiment of sex robots is considered, questioning whether we need human-like robots or something else entirely. Technological advances for pornography and their relevance for sex robots are explored examining the potential offered through the integration of Virtual Reality, teledildonics, soft and wearable robots. The potential of categorising sex robots as fantasy hardware is considered seeking to provide a palatable terminology. This paper concludes that researchers need to engage with the Porn Sector in creating innovative sexual experiences with robots, aiming to create a new type of sexual experience, rather than replicating humans as seen in most science fiction.
Some critics of sex-robots worry that their use might spread objectifying attitudes about sex, and common sense places a higher value on sex within love-relationships than on casual sex. If there could be mutual love between humans and sex-robots, this could help to ease the worries about objectifying attitudes. And mutual love between humans and sex-robots, if possible, could also help to make this sex more valuable. But is mutual love between humans and robots possible, or even conceivable? We discuss three clusters of ideas and associations commonly discussed within the philosophy of love, and relate these to the topic of whether mutual love could be achieved between humans and sex-robots: (i) the idea of love as a “good match”; (ii) the idea of valuing each other in our distinctive particularity; and (iii) the idea of a steadfast commitment. We consider relations among these ideas and the sort of agency and free will that we attribute to human romantic partners. Our conclusion is that mutual love between humans and advanced sex-robots is not an altogether impossible proposition. However, it is unlikely that we will be able to create robots sophisticated enough to be able to participate in love-relationships anytime soon.
This article considers the role of humiliation in contemporary pornography, arguing that it constitutes a severe form of harm to many female pornography performers. It further contends that the apparently consensual nature of much humiliating pornography exacerbates its harm to the humiliated performers.
This chapter asks the question whether sexual and/or romantic relationships with robots could ever be as satisfying as the real thing. Three main arguments are made. First, if we assume that robots will be not be real persons and instead simply behave and act as if they are persons (“pseudo-persons”) then love and sex with them will never be as satisfying as it is with a real person. Second, if robots somehow manage to be real persons (and not just pseudo-persons), we run into problems regarding their moral status and, importantly, their freedom to choose to be our romantic partners. It is more satisfying to be loved by a real person that freely chooses to be your lover than it is to be loved by someone who is programmed to love you. Finally, it is argued that the desire for relationships with robotic persons does reveal something telling about the transhumanist desire for total autonomy and independence. The only possible way for me to become completely independent is by cutting all ties to other persons, by making my own world, uninhabited by any real persons except myself. Robotic partners may consequently be the preferred inhabitants of that transhumanist utopia.
Debates about human–machine relationships have intensified following the launch of the world’s first commercially available sex robot ‘Harmony’, a hyperrealistic sex doll with AI-capabilities. With the likely consumer market for these devices among white, male, heterosexual sex-doll owners, their views about sex robot technology and the niche online communities in which they discuss their doll relationships have received little scholarly attention. Through a qualitative analysis of the discursive practices of male users of a major sex doll forum, this study found complex and dynamic homosocial relations characterized men’s online interactions. In their discussion of a sex robot future, men negotiate competing structures of masculinity and sexuality and create a safe, online space for others to express their sexual desires and preferences. Using the concept of the ‘seam’ or join, the results reveal the way male users of sex dolls position themselves subjectively and are positioned by technology and the increasingly porous interface between human and machine.
Existing research on aggression in online pornography is almost exclusively based on pornography featuring heterosexual sex. Pornography featuring sex between two men or between two women has received comparatively little scholarly attention, despite its growing industry presence and revenue. To our knowledge, no study has focused on comparing the aggressive content of different-sex and same-sex mainstream online pornography. To address this gap, we utilized a sample of 210 popular videos uploaded to Pornhub over the last decade. This sample consisted of three major categories: “gay” (male/male; n = 70), “lesbian” (female/female; n = 70), and “most-watched of all time” (male/female; n = 70). Our findings show that there are both more displays of aggression and more displays of affection and pleasure in same-sex online pornographic videos, relative to different-sex videos. We discuss the relevance and limits of dominant sexual and gender scripts when analyzing across subgenres of mainstream online pornography.
Recently I sat down with an older friend. During our conversation, it came up that I was researching the sex robots ("sexbots") industry. His initial reaction was to laugh in disbelief. "Are you kidding me? You mean like the robots in sci-fi?" My friend's disbelief makes sense; the idea of an actual industry for sex robots seems like a Hollywood movie in the tone of Ex Machina. However, the "sexbot industry" is real, and it's growing in popularity. According to a recent study from Tufts University, people find it "relatively permissible" to have sex with a robot. In fact, over 50 percent of people surveyed said they were open to using one (Scheutz, 2016).
The trend of robotics research and development, from industrial robots to service robots to companion and carer robots, has as its logical continuation the design and construction of partner robots, sufficiently human-like and sufficiently appealing in various ways to take on the role of a partner in a relationship with a human being. This trend immediately raises many questions relating to humans loving and being loved by robots, treating robots as life partners and being similarly treated by them, marrying robots and having sex with robots. We discuss some aspects of human-robot marriage and reassess the author’s 10-year-old prediction that the first human-robot marriage will take place in the state of Massachusetts around the year 2050.
The industrialization of prostitution and the sex trade has created a multibillion-dollar global market, involving millions of women, that makes a substantial contribution to national and global economies. The Industrial Vagina examines how prostitution and other aspects of the sex industry have moved from being small-scale, clandestine, and socially despised practices to become very profitable legitimate market sectors that are being legalised and decriminalised by governments. Sheila Jeffreys demonstrates how prostitution has been globalized through an examination of: The growth of pornography and its new global reach the boom in adult shops, strip clubs and escort agencies military prostitution and sexual violence in war marriage and the mail order bride industry the rise in sex tourism and trafficking in women. She argues that through these practices women's subordination has been outsourced and that states that legalise this industry are acting as pimps, enabling male buyers in countries in which women's equality threatens male dominance, to buy access to the bodies of women from poor countries who are paid for their sexual subservience. This major and provocative contribution is essential reading for all with an interest in feminist, gender and critical globalisation issues as well as students and scholars of international political economy.
Public and academic debate about 'porn culture' is proliferating. Ironically, what is often lost in these debates is a sense of what is specific about pornography. By focusing on pornography's mainstream - contemporary commercial products for a heterosexual male audience - Everyday Pornography offers the opportunity to reconsider what it is that makes pornography a specific form of industrial practice and genre of representation. Everyday Pornography presents original work from scholars from a range of academic disciplines (Media Studies, Law, Sociology, Psychology, Women's Studies, Political Science), introducing new methodologies and approaches whilst reflecting on the ongoing value of older approaches. Among the topics explored are: the porn industry's marketing practices (spam emails, reviews) and online organisation. commercial sex in Second Life. the pornographic narratives of phone sex and amateur videos. the content of best-selling porn videos. how the male consumer is addressed by pornography, represented within the mainstream, understood by academics and contained by legislation. This collection places a particular emphasis on anti-pornography feminism, a movement which has been experiencing a revival since the mid-2000s. Drawing on the experiences of activists alongside academics, Everyday Pornography offers an opportunity to explore the intellectual and political challenges of anti-pornography feminism and consider its relevance for contemporary academic debate.
The Future of Sex? Sex Robots and Us
- John Eastman
Justicia estima que una de cada tres agresiones sexuales desde 2017 se producen bajo el efecto de drogas o alcohol
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Una sexagenaria francesa fue drogada por su marido y violada durante una década por decenas de hombres
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Sex Doll Brothels: A Growing Trend?
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Detenido por violar a una menor de 14 años tras quedar por Instagram
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Los discursos y las prácticas de cosificación de las mujeres en la era de internet: las muñecas sexuales en el ciberespacio
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Los Mossos apuntan a una violación en grupo de la menor de Igualada
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