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Neodigitodesmium, a novel genus of family Dictyosporiaceae from Sichuan Province, China

August 2022
Phytotaxa 559(2):176-184

August 2022
559(2):176-184

DOI:10.11646/phytotaxa.559.2.6

Authors:

Wenhui Tian

University of Electronic Science and Technology of China

Yanpeng Chen

University of Electronic Science and Technology of China

Sajeewa Maharachchikumbura

University of Electronic Science and Technology of China

A fungus within the family Dictyosporiaceae was isolated from submerged-decaying wood in Sichuan Province, China. Combined ITS, LSU, SSU and tef1 sequence data showed that the species represented a new genus and is described here as Neodigitodesmium cheirosporum gen. et sp. nov. Neodigitodesmium distinct from other genera in the family Dictyosporiaceae based on a hyaline and holoblastic basal connecting conidiogenous cell, conical shaped and smaller with fewer rows (1-4) of conidia. In addition, phylogenetic analysis and morphological comparison showed that the recently introduced genus Paradictyocheirospora is congeneric with Digitodesmium. Based on these results, Paradictyocheirospora is reduced to synonymy under the older generic name Digitodesmium.

Phylogram of the best ML tree based on a combined dataset (LSU, ITS, SSU and tef1) of Dictyosporiaceae. The ML ultrafast bootstrap values/Bayesian PP greater than 75%/0.95 are indicated at the respective nodes. Type isolates are in bold, and the new taxa and synonymized taxa are indicated in red. The tree is rooted with Periconia igniaria (CBS 845.96).

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Neodigitodesmium cheirosporum (HUEST 22.0020, holotype). a-c Colonies on the substrate d Squash mount of sporodochium e, f, k Conidiogenous cells g-j Conidia l-n Crushed conidium o Germinating conidium p, q Colonies on PDA after 30 days. Scale bars: d = 20 μm, e-o = 10 μm, Scale bars of e applies to e and f, Scale bars of g applies to g-o.

…

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Phytotaxa 559 (2): 176–184

https://www.mapress.com/pt/

ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition)

ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition)

176 Accepted by Ruvishika Shehali Jayawardena: 10 Aug. 2022; published: 23 Aug. 2022

https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.559.2.6

Neodigitodesmium, a novel genus of family Dictyosporiaceae from Sichuan

Province, China

WENHUI TIAN1,2, YANPENG CHEN1,3 & SAJEEWA S. N. MAHARACHCHIKUMBURA1,4*

1 School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,

Chengdu 611731, P.R. China

�

wenhuitian@qq.com; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8892-853X

�

yanpengch@qq.com; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2554-5272

�

sajeewa83@yahoo.com; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9127-0783

*Corresponding author:

�

sajeewa83@yahoo.com

Abstract

A fungus within the family Dictyosporiaceae was isolated from submerged-decaying wood in Sichuan Province, China.

Combined ITS, LSU, SSU and tef1 sequence data showed that the species represented a new genus and is described here as

Neodigitodesmium cheirosporum gen. et sp. nov. Neodigitodesmium distinct from other genera in the family Dictyosporiaceae

based on a hyaline and holoblastic basal connecting conidiogenous cell, conical shaped and smaller with fewer rows (1–4)

of conidia. In addition, phylogenetic analysis and morphological comparison showed that the recently introduced genus

Paradictyocheirospora is congeneric with Digitodesmium. Based on these results, Paradictyocheirospora is reduced to

synonymy under the older generic name Digitodesmium.

Keywords: Asexual morph, Digitodesmium, Dothideomycetes, Paradictyocheirospora, Taxonomy

Introduction

The family Dictyosporiaceae was established within the order Pleosporales (Dothideomycetes) by Boonmee et al.

(2016). The family Dictyosporiaceae mainly accommodates aquatic lignicolous species (Boonmee et al. 2016; Li

et al. 2017; Yang et al. 2018). The type genus Dictyosporium was introduced by Corda (1836), with D. elegans

Corda as the type species. The sexual morph genera in Dictyosporiaceae are characterized by immersed to erumpent,

superficial, brown to black ascomata, globose to subglobose with a rough surface, bitunicate asci with short ocular

chamber, and 1-septate, hyaline, sheathed ascospores (Boonmee et al. 2016; Atienza et al. 2021). The asexual morphs

are hyphomycetous with brown, dictyosporous and cheirosporous conidia, produced by sporodochial conidiomata on

micronematous conidiophores (Abdel-Aziz 2016; Boonmee et al. 2016; Wang et al. 2016).

The Digitodesmium was introduced by Kirk with type D. elegans P.M. Kirk (Kirk 1981), and the genus is

characterised by punctiform, sporodochial conidiomata, conidial secession schizolytic, acrogenous, euseptate,

cheiroid, digitate conidia, with an apical gelatinous cap (Kirk 1981; Nóbrega et al. 2021). Eight Digitodesmium species

epithets are listed in Index Fungorum (http://www.indexfungorum.org/; 18 June 2022). However, only three species,

D. chiangmaiense, D. bambusicola and D. polybrachiatum, have sequence data.

We are studying the diversity of fungi in southwestern China, Sichuan Province, along the Yangtze River, which has

enormous fungal diversity (Liang et al. 2003; Zhou et al. 2014; Yan et al. 2021; Zhou et al. 2021). This study aimed to

introduce a new genus Neodigitodesmium based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses. Paradictyocheirospora

was synonymized under Digitodesmium and provided an updated tree of Dictyosporiaceae based on analysis of the

ITS, LSU, SSU and tef1 sequence data.

Materials and methods

Isolation and morphology

The sample was collected from Baiyungou in Sichuan Province, China, on September 27, 2021. The specimen was taken

to the laboratory in a paper envelope. The specimen was photographed using the stereoscope 0020Nikon C-FLED2

(Nikon, Tokyo, Japan). Colonies on the substrate were picked with a needle under the Nikon SMZ168-B (Nikon, Tokyo,

Japan) stereomicroscope and examined under the Nikon Eclipse E200 (Nikon, Tokyo, Japan) compound microscope.

The fungal microscopic structures were photographed using the DS-Fi3 camera (Nikon, Tokyo, Japan) installed at the

Nikon Eclipse Ni-U microscope (Nikon, Tokyo, Japan). Measurements were taken by using the software program NIS-

Elements D (Nikon, Tokyo, Japan). Photos were processed by using Adobe Photoshop version 22.0.

Single conidium isolation was made following the method described in Senanayake et al. (2020). Germinated

conidia were individually transferred to potato dextrose agar (PDA) media plates and incubated in the dark at 25

°C. Herbarium specimens were deposited at the Herbarium of Cryptogams, Kunming Institute of Botany Academia

Sciences (HKAS), Kunming, China, and the Herbarium of University of Electronic Science and Technology (HUEST),

Chengdu, China. The living cultures were deposited in the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center

(CGMCC) in Beijing, China, and the University of Electronic Science and Technology Culture Collection (UESTCC)

in Chengdu, China.

DNA extraction, PCR amplification and sequencing

Genomic DNA was extracted from fungal mycelia using TreliefTM Plant Genomic DNA Kit (TSINGKE Biotech,

Shanghai, P.R. China) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Four partial loci, the nuclear ribosomal internal

transcribed spacer (ITS), the nuclear ribosomal small subunit rRNA (SSU), the nuclear ribosomal large subunit rRNA

(LSU) and the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1). The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out in a

25 μL reaction volume containing 12.5 μL PCR Master Mix (Sangon Biotech, Shanghai, P.R. China), 9.5 μL ddH2O, 1

μL of DNA and 1 μL of each primer. The primers used were ITS9mun/ITS4_KYO1 (Egger 1995; Toju et al. 2012) for

ITS, LR0R/LR5 (Vilgalys & Hester 1990) for LSU, PNS1/ NS41 (Hibbett 1996) for SSU and EF1-728F/EF1-2218R

(Carbone & Kohn 1999; Rehner & Buckley 2005) for tef1. The amplification condition for all four loci were consisted

of initial denaturation at 94 °C for 3 min; followed by 35 cycles of 30 s at 94 °C, 30 s at 56 °C, and 1 min at 72 °C,

and a final extension period of 10 min at 72 °C. The PCR products were analyzed by electrophoresis in 1 % agarose

gels. Sanger sequencing was conducted by Beijing Tsingke Biological Engineering Technology and Services Co. Ltd.

(Beijing, P.R. China).

Phylogenetic analyses

The analyzed dataset was consisted of combined LSU, ITS, SSU and tef1 sequence data. Sequence data of relevant

strains were downloaded from the NCBI nucleotide database using the function read. GenBank integrated in R package

ape (Paradis et al. 2004). Multiple sequence alignments were conducted using MAFFT (Katoh & Standley 2013)

version 7.310 with options “--adjustdirectionaccurately --auto”, and the alignment files were further trimmed using

trimAl (Capella et al. 2009) version 1.4 with the option “-gapthreshold 0.5”, which only allows 50% of taxa with a

gap in each site. The best-fit nucleotide substitution models for each locus were selected using PartitionFinder version

2.1.1 (Lanfear et al. 2016) under the Corrected Akaike Information Criterion (AICC). All sequence alignments were

combined using an in-house python script.

Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian analysis were conducted on individual and combined datasets. ML

phylogenetic trees were obtained using the IQ-TREE version 2.0.3 (Nguyen et al. 2015), and the topology was evaluated

using 1,000 ultrafast bootstrap replicates. The Bayesian analysis was conducted using parallel MrBayes version 3.2.7a

(Huelsenbeck & Ronquist 2000). Two different runs with 50 million generations and four chains were executed, and

the initial 25% of sample trees were treated as burn-in. Tracer v1.7.1 (Meireles et al. 2019) was used to confirm that the

MCMC runs reached convergence with all ESS values above 200. Then, the ML tree was annotated by TreeAnnotator

2.6.4 implemented in beast (Bouckaert et al. 2019) based on MrBayes. MCMC trees with no discard of burn-in and

no posterior probability limit. The tree was visualized using ggtree (Yu 2020) and edited in Adobe Illustrator version

16.0.0.

TIAN ET AL.

TABLE 1. Species details and their GenBank accession numbers used in phylogenetic analyses. Type isolates are in bold,

and newly generated sequences are in red.

Species Voucher/Culture GenBank accession numbers

LSU ITS SSU tef1

Aquadictyospora clematidis MFLUCC 17-2080 MT214545 MT310592 MT226664 MT394727

A. lignicola MFLUCC 17-1318 MF948629 MF948621 - MF953164

Aquaticheirospora lignicola HKUCC 10304 AY736378 AY864770 AY736377 -

Cheirosporium triseriale HMAS 180703 EU413954 EU413953 - -

Dendryphiella stromaticola LAMIC 90/16 MK156678 MK829079 - -

D. trisepta COAD 2388 MK277357 MK278898 - -

D. variabilis CBS 584.96 LT963454 LT963453 - -

D. eucalyptorum CBS 137987 KJ869196 KJ869139 - -

D. fasciculata MFLUCC 17-1074 MF399214 MF399213 - -

D. paravinosa CBS 141286 KX228309 KX228257 - -

Dictyocheirospora aquatica KUMCC 15-0305 KY320513 KY320508 - -

D. bannica KH 332 AB807513 LC014543 - AB808489

D. garethjonesii MFLUCC 16-0909 KY320514 KY320509 - -

D. pseudomusae yone 234 AB807520 LC014550 AB797230 AB808496

D. rotunda MFLUCC 14-0293 KU179100 KU179099 KU179101 -

D. vinaya MFLUCC 14-0294 KU179103 KU179102 KU179104 -

Dictyosporium appendiculatum KUMCC 17-0311 MH376715 MH388343 - -

D. digitatum KUMCC 17-0269 MH376716 MH388344 MH388311 MH388378

D. guttulatum KUMCC 17-0288 MH376717 MH388345 MH388312 MH388379

D. hongkongensis KUMCC 17-0268 MH376718 MH388346 MH388313 MH388380

D. pandanicola MFLU 16-1886 MH376720 MH388347 - MH388382

Digitodesmium tectonae

(Paradictyocheirospora tectonae)NFCCI 4878 MW854647 MW854646 - MW854832

Digitodesmium sp. TBRC 10037 MK405232 MK405234 -MK405230

Digitodesmium sp. TBRC 10038 MK405233 MK405235 -MK405231

D. polybrachiatum COAD 3175 MW879317 MW879319 MW879326 -

D. polybrachiatum COAD 3174 MW879316 MW879318 MW879325 -

D. bambusicola CBS 110279 DQ018103 DQ018091 - -

D. chiangmaiense KUN-HKAS 102163 MK571766 - MK571775 -

Gregarithecium curvisporum KT 922 AB807547 AB809644 AB797257 AB808523

Immotthia bambusae KUNHKAS 112012 MW489450 MW489455 MW489461 MW504646

Jalapriya inflata NTOU 3855 JQ267363 JQ267362 JQ267361 -

J. pulchra MFLUCC 15-0348 KU179109 KU179108 KU179110 -

J. pulchra MFLUCC 17-1683 MF948636 MF948628 -MF953171

J. apicalivaginatum HKAS 115801 MZ621168 MZ621167 - -

J. aquaticum HKAS 115807 MZ621169 MZ621152 MZ621170 MZ851995

J. toruloides CBS 209.65 DQ018104 DQ018093 DQ018081 -

Neodendryphiella mali CBS 139.95 LT906657 LT906655 - -

N. mali FMR 17003 LT993735 LT993734 - -

N. michoacanensis FMR 16098 LT906658 LT906660 - -

N. tarraconensis FMR 16234 LT906656 LT906659 - -

Neodigitodesmium cheirosporum UESTCC 22.0020 ON595713 ON595714 ON595712 ON595700

Pseudocoleophoma calamagrostidis KT 3284 LC014609 LC014592 LC014604 LC014614

P. polygonicola KT 731 AB807546 AB809634 AB797256 AB808522

P. typhicola MFLUCC 16-0123 KX576656 KX576655 - -

P. bauhiniae MFLUCC 17-2586 MK347953 MK347736 MK347844 MK360076

P. clematidis MFLUCC 17-2177 MT214548 MT310595 MT226667 MT394730

......continued on the next page

TABLE 1. (Continued)

Species Voucher/Culture GenBank accession numbers

LSU ITS SSU tef1

Pseudoconiothyrium broussonetiae CPC 33570 NG_066331 NR_163377 - -

Pseudodictyosporium. elegans CBS 688.93 DQ018106 DQ018099 - -

P. indicum CBS 471.95 -DQ018097 - -

P. thailandica MFLUCC 16-0029 KX259522 KX259520 - KX259526

P. wauense NBRC 30078 DQ018105 DQ018098 - -

P. wauense DLUCC 0801 MF948630 MF948622 -MF953165

Vikalpa australiensis HKUCC 8797 - DQ018092 - -

Verrucoccum coppinsii E 00814291 MT918769 MT918785 MT918777 -

V. hymeniicola SPO2343 MT918765 MT918780 MT918773 -

Periconia igniaria CBS 845.96 AB807567 LC014586 AB797277 AB808543

Results

Phylogenetic analyses

A combined dataset included four loci (LSU:1–835, ITS:836–1367, SSU:1368–2380, tef1:2381–3307) from 55 strains

of Dictyosporiaceae and Periconia igniaria (CBS 845.96) as the outgroup taxon. Newly generated sequences were

deposited in the GenBank, and the accession numbers were listed in TABLE 1. A total of 3304 characters, including

gaps were subjected to the phylogenetic analysis. Of these characters, 2407 were constant, 294 were variable and

parsimony-uninformative, and 603 were parsimony-informative. The best-fit evolution models GTR+I+G f for LSU,

ITS, SSU and tef1 were determined. The best-scoring ML consensus tree (lnL = -18399.635) with ultrafast bootstrap

values from ML analyses and posterior probabilities from MrBayes analysis at the node is shown in FIGURE 1.

Phylogenetic analysis based on combined LSU, ITS, SSU and tef1 loci (FIG. 1) confirmed that our isolate UESTCC

22.0020 could not assign to any known genera in Dictyosporiaceae. Therefore, introduced here it as Neodigitodesmium

cheirosporum gen. et sp. nov.

Taxonomy

Neodigitodesmium W. H. Tian & Maharachch. gen. nov.

MycoBank: MB 844432

Etymology: Named after its morphological similarity to Digitodesmium

Saprobic on submerged decayed wood in aquatic habitats. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph:

Hyphomycetous. Conidiomata sporodochial on natural substrate, superficial, compact, dark brown to black, with base

attached on surface of substrate. Conidiophores semi-macronmatous, micronematous, reduced to conidiogenous cell.

Conidiogenous cells holoblastic, pale hyaline to brown at the base of the spore. Conidia solitary, dictyosporous, conical

shaped, cheiroid, not complanate, with a hyaline basal connecting cell, brown, subhyaline at the tip of peripheral

rows.

Type species: Neodigitodesmium cheirosporum W. H. Tian & Maharachch. sp. nov.

Neodigitodesmium cheirosporum W. H. Tian & Maharachch. sp. nov. (FIG. 2)

MycoBank: MB 844433

Etymology: The name refers to the cheiroid conidia

Saprobic on submerged decayed wood in aquatic habitats. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph:

Hyphomycetous. Conidiomata sporodochial on natural substrate, superficial, compact, dark brown to black, with base

attached on the surface of substrate. Conidiophores micronematous, reduced to conidiogenous cell. Conidiogenous

cells 7–12 × 5–11 μm (x = 9 × 7 μm, n = 15), holoblastic, at the base of the spore, hyaline. Conidia 35–70 × 9–24 μm

TIAN ET AL.

(x = 57 ×19 μm, n = 30), solitary, dictyosporous, conical shaped, cheiroid, not complanate, consisting of 1–4 rows with

each row composed of 6–10 cells, with a hyaline basal connecting cell, not easy to separate, brown, subhyaline at the

tip of peripheral rows.

Culture characteristics: Conidia germinating on PDA within 12 h at 25 °C in the dark. Colonies on PDA circular,

woolly at the margin, raised at the center, reverse yellow to brown center with a white margin.

Material examined: CHINA, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Baiyungou, on submerged decayed wood, 103°24′19″

E, 30°47′52″ N, 27 September 2021, W. H. Tian BY112_3 (HKAS 124014, holotype), ex-type culture CGMCC 3.23623

= UESTCC 22.0020.

FIGURE 1. Phylogram of the best ML tree based on a combined dataset (LSU, ITS, SSU and tef1) of Dictyosporiaceae.

The ML ultrafast bootstrap values/Bayesian PP greater than 75%/0.95 are indicated at the respective nodes. Type

isolates are in bold, and the new taxa and synonymized taxa are indicated in red. The tree is rooted with Periconia

igniaria (CBS 845.96).

FIGURE 2. Neodigitodesmium cheirosporum (HUEST 22.0020, holotype). a–c Colonies on the substrate d

Squash mount of sporodochium e, f, k Conidiogenous cells g–j Conidia l–n Crushed conidium o Germinating

conidium p, q Colonies on PDA after 30 days. Scale bars: d = 20 μm, e–o = 10 μm, Scale bars of e applies to e

and f, Scale bars of g applies to g–o.

TIAN ET AL.

Notes: Combined sequences of LSU, ITS, SSU and tef1 confirmed the isolate of Neodigitodesmium formed a

distinct clade in Dictyosporiaceae. However, it could not assign to any known genera (FIG. 1). In the combined gene

tree, Neodigitodesmium is phylogenetically related to the Vikalpa australiensis (HKUCC 8797), Aquadictyospora

lignicola (MFLUCC 17-1318) and Aquadictyospora clematidis (MFLUCC 17-2080) (FIG. 1), but they are not

clustered on one branch and have obvious morphological differences. Neodigitodesmium is morphologically similar to

Digitodesmium, both having sporodochial conidiomata and acrogenous, cheiroid, digitate conidia (Kirk 1981; Nóbrega

et al. 2021). However, Neodigitodesmium differs from Digitodesmium and other Dictyosporiaceae members in conical-

shaped conidia, composed of 1–4 compactly arranged rows of dark brown cells, with a hyaline basal connecting

conidiogenous cells (FIG. 2). Therefore, Neodigitodesmium is described as a new genus based on phylogeny and

morphological evidence.

Digitodesmium tectonae (Rajeshkumar, R. K. Verma, Boonmee, K. D. Hyde, Chandrasiri & Wijayaw.) W. H. Tian &

Maharachch, comb. nov.

MycoBank: MB 844526

Basionym: Paradictyocheirospora tectonae Rajeshkumar, R. K. Verma, Boonmee, K. D. Hyde, Chandrasiri & Wijayaw, Phytotaxa 509

(3): 259–271 (2021).

Notes: The genus Paradictyocheirospora was introduced by Rajeshkumar et al. (2021), with P. tectonae as the type

species. The phylogenetic analysis based on a combined dataset of LSU, ITS, SSU and tef1 sequences show that P.

tectonae is clustered within Digitodesmium (FIG. 1). In addition, Paradictyocheirospora possesses key characteristics

of Digitodesmium such as punctiform, sporodochial conidiomata, acrogenous, cheiroid, digitate conidia, with an

apical gelatinous cap (Kirk 1981; Rajeshkumar et al. 2021; Nóbrega et al. 2021). Thus, Paradictyocheirospora

and Digitodesmium are congeneric. Digitodesmium is the older name and should take priority, and this selection is

recommended here.

Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China.

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Novel Species and Records of Dictyosporiaceae from Freshwater Habitats in China and Thailand

Article

Full-text available

Nov 2022
J. Fungi

China and Thailand are rich in fungal diversity with abundant freshwater resources that are favorable for numerous fungal encounters. Resulting from this, the majority of the Dictyosporiaceae species reported were from these two countries. During the investigation on the diversity of lignicolous freshwater fungi in the Greater Mekong Subregion, eleven collections of cheirosporous species on submerged wood were collected from lentic and lotic habitats in China and Thailand. Phylogenetic analysis that combined nuclear small-subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU), internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), nuclear large subunit ribosomal RNA (LSU) and translation elongation factor 1α (tef 1-α) loci revealed six new species: Dictyocheirospora chiangmaiensis, D. multiappendiculata, D. suae, Digitodesmium aquaticum, Vikalpa grandispora and V. sphaerica. In addition, four known species were also identified and reported based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence. The detailed descriptions and illustrations of these taxa are provided with an updated phylogenetic tree of Dictyosporiaceae.

Exploring More on Dictyosporiaceae: The Species Geographical Distribution and Intriguing Novel Additions from Plant Litter

Article

Full-text available

Mar 2023
Diversity

Five fungal taxa collected from plant litter in Chiang Mai province, Thailand, are described with illustrations. The maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, and Bayesian analyses of combined loci of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), large subunit nuclear ribosomal DNA (LSU), and translation extension factor 1-α (tef1-α) region were used for phylogeny analyses. Dictyocheirospora acaciae is introduced as a new species from Acacia dealbata. Based on size differences in conidiomata, conidia, and DNA sequence data, it is separated from the other species in the genus. Four new host records, Dictyocheirospora garethjonesii, Di. taiwanense, Dictyosporium digitatum, and Pseudocoleophoma zingiberacearum are also reported from Bismarkia nobilis, Ficus benjamina, Cyperus aggregatus, and Hedychium spicatum, respectively. Detailed descriptions, microphotographs, and phylogenetic information were provided, and all the species were compared to similar taxa. It is noted that there is still a necessity for a collective worldwide account of the distribution of Dictyosporiaceae species. Therefore, we compiled the geographical distributions and host species associations of all the so far known Dictyosporiaceae species and discussed them here.

Exploring ascomycete diversity in Yunnan II: Introducing three novel species in the suborder Massarineae (Dothideomycetes, Pleosporales) from fern and grasses

Article

Full-text available

Apr 2024

This article presents the results of an ongoing inventory of Ascomycota in Yunnan, China, carried out as part of the research project series “Exploring ascomycete diversity in Yunnan”. From over 100 samples collected from diverse host substrates, microfungi have been isolated, identified and are currently being documented. The primary objective of this research is to promote the discovery of novel taxa and explore the ascomycete diversity in the region, utilising a morphology-phylogeny approach. This article represents the second series of species descriptions for the project and introduces three undocumented species found in the families Bambusicolaceae, Dictyosporiaceae and Periconiaceae, belonging to the suborder Massarineae (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes). These novel taxa exhibit typical morphological characteristics of Bambusicola, Periconia and Trichobotrys, leading to their designation as Bambusicola hongheensis, Periconia kunmingensis and Trichobotrys sinensis. Comprehensive multigene phylogenetic analyses were conducted to validate the novelty of these species. The results revealed well-defined clades that are clearly distinct from other related species, providing robust support for their placement within their respective families. Notably, this study unveils the phylogenetic affinity of Trichobotrys within Dictyosporiaceae for the first time. Additionally, the synanamorphism for the genus Trichobotrys is also reported for the first time. Detailed descriptions, illustrations and updated phylogenies of the novel species are provided, and thus presenting a valuable resource for researchers and mycologists interested in the diversity of ascomycetes in Yunnan. By enhancing our understanding of the Ascomycota diversity in this region, this research contributes to the broader field of fungal taxonomy and their phylogenetic understanding.

Three Novel Cheiroid Hyphomycetes in Dictyocheirospora and Dictyosporium (Dictyosporiaceae) from Freshwater Habitats in Guangdong and Guizhou Provinces, China

Article

Full-text available

Mar 2024
J. Fungi

Over the past two decades, numerous novel species have been identified within Dictyosporiaceae, primarily in Dictyocheirospora and Dictyosporium. A recent monograph has revealed that these two genera exhibit a distinct preference for freshwater habitats, particularly in southern China. However, further investigation into the distribution and diversity of the two genera in Guangdong and Guizhou Provinces remains insufficient. In this study, we conducted an analysis of four intriguing cheiroid hyphomycetes collected from flowing rivers in these two regions. Through morphological and phylogenetic analyses incorporating combined LSU, SSU, ITS, and tef1-α sequence data, we have identified them as a novel species in Dictyocheirospora (Dictyoc. submersa sp. nov.), two novel species in Dictyosporium (Dictyos. guangdongense sp. nov. and Dictyos. variabilisporum sp. nov.), and one previously documented species (Dictyos. digitatum). Specifically, the identification of Dictyos. guangdongense is primarily based on its distinct morphology, characterized by complanate, cheiroid, and brown to dark brown conidia, with a hyaline, short, and atrophied appendage arising from the apical cell of the outer row. In addition, the morphological distinctions between Dictyocheirospora and Dictyosporium are further clarified based on our new data. This study also highlights a few phylogenetic matters regarding Dictyosporiaceae.

Catalogue of fungi in China 1. New taxa of plant-inhabiting fungi

Article

Full-text available

Mar 2024

China has a huge area of diverse landscapes and is believed to conceive incredibly high fungal diversity. To systematically and promptly report Chinese fungal species, we initiate the series of Catalogue of fungi in China here. In the first paper of this series, we focus on plant-inhabiting fungi. A total of 33 new taxa are described all over China. These taxa include two new genera, viz., and N. yoshinagae. The morphological characteristics and phylogenetic evidence are used to support the establishment of these new taxa and the accuracy of their taxonomic placements. We hope that the series of Catalogue of fungi in China will contribute to Chinese fungal diversity and promote the significance of recording new fungal taxa from China. ARTICLE HISTORY

Taxonomic novelty in Sichuan Province, China: Veronaea polyconidia sp. nov. (Herpotrichiellaceae), a new addition to hyphomycetous fungi

Article

Full-text available

Dec 2023

During an ongoing survey on microfungal diversity in Sichuan Province, China, several specimens of hyphomycetous fungi were collected from decaying branches of Betulaceae plants. Through morphological analysis and a multi-locus phylogenetic study based on the small subunit ribosomal RNA, the internal transcribed spacer, the large subunit ribosomal RNA, and the partial beta-tubulin region, we have identified that these new collections belong to the genus Veronaea, leading us to propose Veronaea polyconidia sp. nov. According to multi-locus phylogenetic analyses, V. polyconidia represents a sister clade to V. botryosa. Morphologically, V. polyconidia is distinct from V. botryosa by its relatively larger conidia and longer conidiophores. Detailed morphological distinctions between the new species and their close relatives are provided. Additionally, the phylogenetic findings in this study, along with morphological comparisons, indicate that V. constricta is conspecific with V. botryosa. Prioritizing the oldest epithet, we have synonymized V. constricta under V. botryosa. These findings not only broaden our understanding of the fungal diversity in Sichuan Province, China but also enhance our comprehension of the broader genus Veronaea.

Ascomycetes from karst landscapes of Guizhou Province, China

Article

Full-text available

Oct 2023

This study documents the morphology and phylogeny of ascomycetes collected from karst landscapes of Guizhou Province, China. Based on morphological characteristics in conjunction with DNA sequence data, 70 species are identified and distributed in two classes (Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes), 16 orders, 41 families and 60 genera. One order Planisphaeriales, four families Leptosphaerioidaceae, Neoleptosporellaceae, Planisphaeriaceae and Profundisphaeriaceae, ten genera Conicosphaeria, Karstiomyces, Leptosphaerioides, Neoceratosphaeria, Neodiaporthe, Neodictyospora, Planisphaeria, Profundisphaeria, Stellatus and Truncatascus, and 34 species (Amphisphaeria karsti, Anteaglonium hydei, Atractospora terrestris, Conicosphaeria vaginatispora, Corylicola hydei, Diaporthe cylindriformispora, Dictyosporium karsti, Hysterobrevium karsti, Karstiomyces guizhouensis, Leptosphaerioides guizhouensis, Lophiotrema karsti, Murispora hydei, Muyocopron karsti, Neoaquastroma guizhouense, Neoceratosphaeria karsti, Neodiaporthe reniformispora, Neodictyospora karsti, Neoheleiosa guizhouensis, Neoleptosporella fusiformispora, Neoophiobolus filiformisporum, Ophioceras guizhouensis, Ophiosphaerella karsti, Paraeutypella longiasca, Paraeutypella karsti, Patellaria guizhouensis, Planisphaeria karsti, Planisphaeria reniformispora, Poaceascoma herbaceum, Profundisphaeria fusiformispora, Pseudocoleophoma guizhouensis, Pseudopolyplosphaeria guizhouensis, Stellatus guizhouensis, Sulcatispora karsti and Truncatascus microsporus) are introduced as new to science. Moreover, 13 new geographical records for China are also reported, which are Acrocalymma medicaginis, Annulohypoxylon thailandicum, Astrosphaeriella bambusae, Diaporthe novem, Hypoxylon rubiginosum, Ophiosphaerella agrostidis, Ophiosphaerella chiangraiensis, Patellaria atrata, Polyplosphaeria fusca, Psiloglonium macrosporum, Sarimanas shirakamiense, Thyridaria broussonetiae and Tremateia chromolaenae. Additionally, the family Eriomycetaceae was resurrected as a non-lichenized family and accommodated within Monoblastiales. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of all these taxa are provided.

Dictyosporium duliujiangense sp. nov. (Dictyosporiaceae, Pleosporales) from freshwater habitat in Guizhou Province, China

Article

Full-text available

Aug 2023

A survey of the taxonomy and diversity of freshwater fungi from Karst Plateau wetlands in Guizhou Province, China, three fresh collections were collected from a freshwater river. They have cheiroid, digitate, dictyosporous conidia with one or two hyaline appendages. Phylogenetic analysis of the combined ITS, LSU and tef1-α sequence data support their placement with genera Dictyocheirospora and Dictyosporium (Dictyosporiaceae, Pleosporales). Two collections represent the same species, Dictyocheirospora rotunda. The other collection is introduced as a new species Dictyosporium duliujiangense. An updated phylogenetic backbone tree, descriptions and illustrations of the two taxa are provided for Dictyosporiaceae.

Analysis of the Fungal Diversity and Community Structure in Sichuan Dark Tea During Pile-Fermentation

Article

Full-text available

Aug 2021

The fungi present during pile-fermentation of Sichuan dark tea play a pivotal role in the development of its aroma and physical characteristics. Samples of tea leaves were collected on days 0 (YC-raw material), 8 (W1-first turn), 16 (W2-second turn), 24 (W3-third turn), and 32 (W4-out of pile) during pile-fermentation. High-throughput sequencing revealed seven phyla, 22 classes, 41 orders, 85 families, 128 genera, and 184 species of fungi. During fermentation, the fungal diversity index declined from the W1 to W3 stages and then increased exponentially at the W4 stage. A bar plot and heatmap revealed that Aspergillus , Thermomyces , Candida , Debaryomyces , Rasamsonia , Rhizomucor , and Thermoascus were abundant during piling, of which Aspergillus was the most abundant. Cluster analysis revealed that the W4 stage of fermentation is critical for fungal growth, diversity, and the community structure in Sichuan dark tea. This study revealed the role of fungi during pile-fermentation in the development of the essence and physical characteristics of Sichuan dark tea. This study comes under one of the Sustainable Development Goals of United Nations Organization (UNO) to “Establish Good Health and Well-Being”.

Diversity and spatial distribution of endophytic fungi in Cinnamomum longepaniculatum of Yibin, China

Article

Full-text available

Aug 2021
ARCH MICROBIOL

Cinnamomum longepaniculatum (Gamble) N. Chao is an important woody incense plant that contains volatile terpenoids and has been extensively cultivated in Yibin, China. However, the relationship between endophytic fungal diversity and C. longepaniculatum species remains unclear. Here, fungal taxa in different tissue samples were analyzed using Illumina-based sequencing of ITS1 region of fungal rDNA genes. Results showed that 476 OTUs were identified in all tissues of C. longepaniculatum, with 78 OTUs common among all tissues. Similarity cluster analysis indicated that these OTUs belong to 5 phyla and at least 18 genera, with a large number of OTUs remaining unidentified at family and genus levels. The fungal community in seeds exhibited the greatest richness and diversity, followed by those in branches, leaves, and roots, respectively. Unclassified Chaetosphaeriales (91.66%), Passalora (57.17%), and unclassified Ascomycota (58.79%) OTUs dominated in root, branch, and leaf communities, respectively, and other common groups in the branch community included unclassified Ascomycota (12.13%), Houjia (10.38%), and Pseudoveronaea (5.43%), whereas other common groups in leaf community included Passalora (11.43%) and Uwebraunia (8.58%). Meanwhile, the seed community was dominated by unclassified Ascomycota (16.98%), unclassified Pleosporaceae (15.46%), and Talaromyces (12.50%) and also included high proportions of unclassified Nectriaceae (7.68%), Aspergillus (6.95%), Pestalotiopsis (6.02%), and Paraconiothyrium (5.11%) and several seed-specific taxa, including Peniophora, Cryptodiscus, and Penicillium. These findings suggest that Yibin-native C. longepaniculatum harbors rich and diverse endophytic communities that may represent an underexplored reservoir of biological resources.

Morphological approaches in studying fungi: collection, examination, isolation, sporulation and preservation

Article

Full-text available

Dec 2020

Traditionally, fungal taxonomy was based on observable phenotypic characters. Recent advances have driven taxonomic conclusions towards DNA-based approaches and these techniques have corresponding pros and cons. Species concepts must therefore rely on incorporated approaches of genotypic, phenotypic and physiological characters and chemotaxonomy. Examination and interpretation of morphological characters however vary from person to person. Standardized procedures are used in the taxonomic study of fungi and general practices of phenotypic approaches are herein outlined. It is not possible to detail all techniques for all fungi and thus, this paper emphasizes on microfungi. Specimen collection is the initial step in any Mycosphere 11(1): 2678-2754 (2020) www.mycosphere.org ISSN 2077 7019

Método Tracer e a qualidade do cuidado na enfermagem: revisão integrativa da literatura

Article

Full-text available

Oct 2019

Objective: To analyze the scientific literature about the Tracer Method in the area of nursing. Method: Integrative literature review with 22 articles from the following databases: Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS); Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online(Medline/PubMed); Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO); Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Web of Science. The search strategy included descriptors and keywords, as follows: Método Tracer, Método Traçador, Método Rastreador, Método de Avaliação, Usuário Guia amd Enfermagem correlated and combined with Boolean operators. Results: Data was organized according to the scenarios where the method was applied, namely: health condition as a tracer condition for assessing the quality of care, compliance and non-compliance regarding the institutional protocols, reflection and training for accreditation. Conclusion: The Tracer Methodology is used for evaluating and improving the quality of care.

Digitodesmium polybrachiatum sp. nov., a new species of Dictyosporiaceae from Brazil

Article

Sep 2021

Digitodesmium is a genus of saprobic fungi, generally associated with decaying wood in freshwater habitats or in the soil. Fungi in this genus produce cheiroid, euseptate conidia on sporodochia. During an exam of a necrotic robusta coffee stem sent from Nova Venécia, state of Espírito Santo, to the Plant Clinic at the Universidade Federal de Viçosa (Brazil), for disease diagnosis, a fungus, recognized as having the typical features of Digitodesmium, was observed. The fungus was isolated in pure culture and DNA was extracted. Sequences of the partial 18S ribosomal RNA gene, large subunit of the nrDNA, internal transcribed spacer, and translation elongation factor 1-α were generated. The combination of results of the phylogenetic analysis with the exam of the morphology led to the conclusion that the fungus from the dead coffee stems represents a monophyletic distinct lineage within Digitodesmium and an undescribed species for the genus. The concatenate tree also revealed that Digitodesmium is divided in two distinct clades. The novel species can be differentiated morphologically from other species of Digitodesmium by the size of the conidia, the number of arms, and the presence of appendages. The new species Digitodesmium polybrachiatum is hence proposed herein. A comparative table of conidial morphology for the species in the genus is also included.

Verrucoccum (Dothideomycetes, Dictyosporiaceae), a new genus of lichenicolous fungi on Lobaria s. lat. for the Dothidea hymeniicola species complex

Article

Sep 2021
MYCOLOGIA

Two lichenicolous fungi, one growing on the thallus of Lobaria pulmonaria in the United Kingdom (Scotland) and the other in apothecia of Lobaria linita and L. oregana in northwestern North America (Alaska and British Columbia) and northeast Asia (Russian Far East, Khabarovsk Krai), show similarities to the species originally described as Dothidea hymeniicola (later transferred to Polycoccum s. lat and Endococcus) from a Lobaria s. lat. species in Central America. Critical morphological comparison showed that, despite the superficial resemblance between Alaskan, Canadian, Russian, and Scottish collections and the holotype of Dothidea hymeniicola, they can be distinguished by detailed microscopic analyses. Using three molecular markers, sequences of the nuc 18S, 28S, and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA regions of the recent Scottish and Alaskan collections were obtained. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed separation of the species and revealed them as a new lineage in Pleosporales, for which the new generic name Verrucoccum is introduced for the three species: V. coppinsii, sp. nov., V. hymeniicola, comb. nov. (syn. Dothidea hymeniicola), and V. spribillei, sp. nov.

Paradictyocheirospora tectonae, a novel genus in the family Dictyosporiaceae from India

Article

Jun 2021

This study introduces, Paradictyocheirospora, a new genus, belonging to the family Dictyosporiaceae with evidence from morphology and phylogenetic analysis of a combined ITS, LSU and TEF1α sequence data. Paradictyocheirospora can be distinguished from allied taxa based on dictyosporous, cheiroid conidia with suprabasal bubble-like hyaline appendages and cylindrical, reduced conidiophores. The new genus is similar to Dictyocheirospora; however, the conidia are smaller with fewer rows (3–6) and have globose, supra-basal appendages. Paradictyocheirospora tectonae forms a distinct lineage basal to Digitodesmium and Dictyocheirospora. Additional new collections from Thane, Maharashtra were morphologically identical and phylogenetically related to Dictyocheirospora nabanheensis, and the latter is a new record from India.

A Beauveria phylogeny inferred from nuclear ITS and EF1-α sequences: evidence for cryptic diversification and links to Cordyceps teleomorphs

Article

Mar 2005

Beauveria is a globally distributed genus of soil-borne entomopathogenic hyphomycetes of interest as a model system for the study of entomo-pathogenesis and the biological control of pest insects. Species recognition in Beauveria is difficult due to a lack of taxonomically informative morphology. This has impeded assessment of species diversity in this genus and investigation of their natural history. A gene-genealogical approach was used to investigate molecular phylogenetic diversity of Beauveria and several presumptively related Cordyceps species. Analyses were based on nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1-α) sequences for 86 exemplar isolates from diverse geographic origins, habitats and insect hosts. Phylogenetic trees were inferred using maximum parsimony and Bayesian likelihood methods. Six well supported clades within Beauveria, provisionally designated A–F, were resolved in the EF1-α and combined gene phylogenies. Beauveria bassiana, a ubiquitous species that is characterized morphologically by globose to subglobose conidia, was determined to be non-monophyletic and consists of two unrelated lineages, clades A and C. Clade A is globally distributed and includes the Asian teleomorph Cordyceps staphylinidaecola and its probable synonym C. bassiana. All isolates contained in Clade C are anamorphic and originate from Europe and North America. Clade B includes isolates of B. brongniartii, a Eurasian species complex characterized by ellipsoidal conidia. Clade D includes B. caledonica and B. vermiconia, which produce cylindrical and comma-shaped conidia, respectively. Clade E, from Asia, includes Beauveria anamorphs and a Cordyceps teleomorph that both produce ellipsoidal conidia. Clade F, the basal branch in the Beauveria phylogeny includes the South American species B. amorpha, which produces cylindrical conidia. Lineage diversity detected within clades A, B and C suggests that prevailing morphological species concepts underestimate species diversity within these groups. Continental endemism of lineages in B. bassiana s.l. (clades A and C) indicates that isolation by distance has been an important factor in the evolutionary diversification of these clades. Permutation tests indicate that host association is essentially random in both B. bassiana s.l. clades A and C, supporting past assumptions that this species is not host specific. In contrast, isolates in clades B and D occurred primarily on coleopteran hosts, although sampling in these clades was insufficient to assess host affliation at lower taxonomic ranks. The phylogenetic placement of Cordyceps staphylinidaecola/bassiana, and C. scarabaeicola within Beauveria corroborates prior reports of these anamorph-teleomorph connections. These results establish a phylogenetic framework for further taxonomic, phylogenetic and comparative biological investigations of Beauveria and their corresponding Cordyceps teleomorphs.

Using ggtree to Visualize Data on Tree‐Like Structures

Article

Mar 2020

Guangchuang Yu

Ggtree is an R/Bioconductor package for visualizing tree‐like structures and associated data. After 5 years of continual development, ggtree has been evolved as a package suite that contains treeio for tree data input and output, tidytree for tree data manipulation, and ggtree for tree data visualization. Ggtree was originally designed to work with phylogenetic trees, and has been expanded to support other tree‐like structures, which extends the application of ggtree to present tree data in other disciplines. This article contains five basic protocols describing how to visualize trees using the grammar of graphics syntax, how to visualize hierarchical clustering results with associated data, how to estimate bootstrap values and visualize the values on the tree, how to estimate continuous and discrete ancestral traits and visualize ancestral states on the tree, and how to visualize a multiple sequence alignment with a phylogenetic tree. The ggtree package is freely available at https://www.bioconductor.org/packages/ggtree . © 2020 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Basic Protocol 1 : Using grammar of graphics for visualizing trees Basic Protocol 2 : Visualizing hierarchical clustering using ggtree Basic Protocol 3 : Visualizing bootstrap values as symbolic points Basic Protocol 4 : Visualizing ancestral status Basic Protocol 5 : Visualizing a multiple sequence alignment with a phylogenetic tree

A method for designing primer sets for speciation studies in filamentous ascomycetes

Article

May 1999

A simple method is described for designing primer sets that can amplify specific protein-encoding sequences in a wide variety of filamentous ascomycetes. Using this technique, we successfully designed primers that amplified the intergenic spacer region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA repeat, portions of the translation elongation factor 1 alpha, calmodulin, and chitin synthase 1 genes, and two other genes encoding actin and ras protein. All amplicons were sequenced and determined to amplify the target gene. Regions were successfully amplified in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and other sclerotiniaceous species, Neurospora crassa, Trichophyton rubrum, Aspergillus nidulans, Podospora anserina, Fusarium solani, and Ophiostoma novo-ulmi. These regions are a potentially rich source of characters for population and speciation studies in filamentous ascomycetes. Each primer set amplified a DNA product of predicted size from N. crassa.

Neodigitodesmium, a novel genus of family Dictyosporiaceae from Sichuan Province, China

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