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Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology, 28 (1): 9–17. June 30, 2022.
Ⓒ Japanese Society of Systematic Entomology
Two New Subspecies of Euura spiraeae (Hymenoptera:
Tenthredinidae) from Japan
Hideho HARA1), Miyuki NAKAJIMA2) and Akihiko SHINOHARA3)
1) Nishi 4 Kita 3 - 4-29, Bibai, Hokkaido, 072-0033 Japan. E-mail: harahideho@bell.ocn.ne.jp
2) AZMAX Co., Ltd., Minamiaoyama 4 - 17-22, Minato, Tokyo, 107-0062 Japan. E-mail: nakajima@azmax-pro.co.jp
3) National Museum of Nature and Science, 4-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0005 Japan. E-mail: shinohar@kahaku.go.jp
Abstract The following two new subspecies of Euura spiraeae (Zaddach, 1883) (Tenthredinidae, Nematinae) are described:
Euura spiraeae okutaniana Hara & Shinohara, subsp. nov. from Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu, Japan, whose host plants are Aruncus
dioicus and Spiraea spp.; E. spiraeae hokkaido Hara & Shinohara, subsp. nov. from Hokkaido, Japan, whose host plants are Aruncus
dioicus. Their immature stages and life history are briey described. Photographs of the larva of E. spiraeae okutaniana with pro-
truding unusually long ventral glands are given.
Introduction
Euura spiraeae (Zaddach, 1883) has been known from
Europe and eastern Siberia (Liston, 1995; Sundukov, 2017). It
is associated with Aruncus and Spiraea (Taeger et al., 1998)
and a well-known pest of Aruncus dioicus in Europe (Miles,
1963; Alford, 2012). Recently, Moisan-De Serres & Smith
(2017) reported the introduction of this sawfly into North
America. We have recognized the occurrence of this species
in Japan, but the Japanese specimens somewhat differ from
the European and introduced North American specimens.
Furthermore, there are slight but distinct color differences
between the specimens from Hokkaido and the specimens from
Honshu, Shikoku and Kyusyu. In this paper, these two Japanese
populations are described as new subspecies, E. spiraeae
hokkaido and E. spiraeae okutaniana. The latter subspecies is
probably Nematus sp. described by Okutani (1958). He stated
that it was a new species, but did not give it a scientic name.
Nematine sawfly larvae have abdominal ventral glands
that release volatile irritants for anti-predator defense (Boevé
& Pasteels, 1985; Boevé & Heilporn, 2009). The glands are
usually retracted into the body, but when the larva is alarmed,
they are everted and protruded. The larva of E. spiraeae has
very long ventral glands that can reach a length equal to or
even longer than the height of the segment from which the
gland occurs (Bernard, 1980). The relative gland size of the
E. spiraeae larva seems to be the largest in the Nematinae (cf.
Boevé & Pasteels, 1985). The unusually long ventral glands
have not been pictured until now. Nakajima succeeded in
photographing them. The photographs are given in this paper.
Material and methods
The material used in this study is kept in the National
Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba. Morphological
examination was undertaken with a Leica MS5 stereo
binocular microscope and Olympus BH-2 light microscope.
Photographs were taken with digital cameras, Canon EOS
Kiss X5 and Olympus TG-5, and a Sony DSC-RX100 digital
camera with the microscopes above. The photographer is Hara
unless otherwise indicated. The digital images were processed
and arranged with GIMP 2.10 software. Rearing was done by
Hara in Bibai and by Nakajima and Shinohara in Tokyo. The
temperature was not controlled in the rearing room in Bibai,
whereas it was kept at about 18–25 °C in the rearing rooms in
Tokyo. The light was usually on for about 16 hours a day. For
the morphological terminology, we generally follow Viitasaari
(2002).
Results and discussion
Identication of Euura spiraeae
Euura spiraeae is distinguished from the other Japanese
Nematinae by a combination of the following characters: Head
and thorax mostly black (Fig. 1A–K); abdomen black dorsally,
yellow or white ventrally; length 4.0–6.5 mm; ridge around
torulus complete (Fig. 2K), sometimes faint dorsolaterally;
paraantennal field covered with setae except for narrow
medial margin (Fig. 2I–K); malar space 0.8–1.1 × as long as
median ocellus width; right mandible in outer view rather
gently tapering from base to apex (Fig. 2G); left mandible 1.1
× as long as right mandible (Fig. 2F), in outer view sharply
tapering basally, thin from middle to apex (Fig. 2H); maxillary
palpus long (Fig. 2D–E), with palpomere 2 length 0.5–0.6 ×
palpomere 3 length and apical palpomere length 1.0–1.3 ×
torulus height; mesepisternum with groove along anterior edge
extending into epicnemium (Fig. 2L); epicnemium with ventral
edge not or inconspicuously grooved; katepimeron glabrous,
at most with several setae; tarsal claws with long curved inner
tooth, without basal lobe (Fig. 2N–P); anterior fore tibial spur
with narrow transparent lamella dorsally; hind tibia normal,
0.7–0.8 × as broad as hind femur in anterior view; hind tarsus
normal; wing venation as in Fig. 1B; fore wing with crossvein
2r-m; female abdominal tergum 9 not enlarged, 0.7–1.3 × as
long as tergum 8 at level of spiracle 8 in lateral view (Fig. 1C,
K); ovipositor sheath 0.2–0.4 × as long as abdomen, 0.3–0.5
× as long as hind tibia; apical sheath in dorsal view pointed
or narrowly rounded apically (Fig. 3D–E); male abdominal
sternum 9 (subgenital plate) 0.3–0.4 × as long as abdomen,
0.6–0.7 × as long as hind tibia (Fig. 1H–I).
Euura suguri Hara & Iwasaki, 2021, may also agree
with the above description, but it differs from E. spiraeae
in the following characters: Clypeus with depth of ventral
emargination 0.8–1.0 × median height of clypeus; mesoscutellar
appendage 0.5–0.8 × as long as minor axis of cenchrus; hind
tibia with posterior spur 1.8–2.0 × as long as apical breadth of
hind tibia in lateral view, 0.58–0.62 × as long as hind tarsomere
10 Hara, H., M. Nakajima and A. Shinohara
June 30, 2022, JJSE 28 (1)
1; female abdomen predominantly or mostly dark ventrally.
Euura spiraeae is characterized as follows: Clypeus with depth
of ventral emargination 0–0.3 × median height of clypeus (Fig.
2F); mesoscutellar appendage 1.1–1.8 × as long as minor axis
of cenchrus (Fig. 2M); hind tibia with posterior spur 1.4–1.8
× as long as apical breadth of hind tibia, 0.46–0.52 × as long
as hind tarsomere 1; female abdomen mostly or entirely pale
ventrally (Fig. 1D, K). The lancets of these two species are also
distinctly dierent (compare Fig. 3G–J with g. 2O–Q in Hara
& Iwasaki, 2021).
Key to subspecies of Euura spiraeae
1 In female, cercus extending apically beyond middle of
apical ovipositor sheath and often reaching almost to its
apex (Fig. 3D–E); clypeus wholly black to dark brown. In
male, head ventrally not pale. Distribution: Japan....... 2
― In female, cercus at most reaching to middle of apical
ovipositor sheath (fig. 678 in Benson, 1958; fig. 63 in
Muche, 1974); clypeus wholly white or ventrally pale
yellow. In male, head ventrally pale yellow. Distribution:
Europe, eastern Siberia.... E. spiraeae spiraeae, ♀♂
2 Hind leg with femur apically black and tibia and tarsus
wholly black (Fig. 1A–I). Distribution: Honshu, Shikoku,
Kyushu...................... E. spiraeae okutaniana, ♀♂
― Hind leg with femur wholly pale or somewhat darkened on
narrow apex, tibia basally pale and apically brown or black,
and tarsus wholly pale or black (Fig. 1J–K). Distribution:
Hokkaido................ E. spiraeae hokkaido, ♀ (♂ unknown)
Euura spiraeae okutaniana Hara & Shinohara,
subsp. nov.
(Figs. 1A–I, L, 2A–B, D–O, 3A–B, D, F–I, 4A–F, 5A–G)
Japanese name: Shimotsuke-habachi
“Nematus n. sp., [Shimotsuke-habachi (in Japanese)]”:
Okutani, 1958: 1.
Description, female. Length 5.0–6.5 mm (6.5 mm in
holotype). Black (Fig. 1A–E). Clypeus sometimes ventrally
dark brown. Labrum often brown to dark brown. Mandible
pale or dark brown basally, reddish or dark brown in middle,
reddish brown apically. Maxilla and labium yellow brown
to dark brown, with palpi yellow, sometimes basally brown.
Pronotum usually narrowly yellow at posterodorsal corner.
Tegula yellow. Fore and middle legs yellow to yellow
brown, with coxae laterobasally very narrowly black, tibiae
sometimes apically slightly darkened; hind leg black, yellow
to yellow brown on coxa except for laterobasal part, trochanter
and femur except for apical fourth to half; tarsal claws brown.
Wings almost colorless transparent; veins mostly dark to
blackish brown; in fore wing, veins C, Sc, R, M+R, R1 and
1A yellow to yellow brown; stigma dark to blackish brown.
Abdomen ventrally mostly yellow white to yellow; cercus
dark brown; basal ovipositor sheath yellow or brown.
Head in dorsal view narrowing behind eyes, with length
behind eye 0.4–0.5 × eye length (Fig. 2A) and length behind
lateral ocellus 2.2–2.7 × lateral ocellus length. Postocellar area
moderately convex, anteriorly depressed or not depressed;
postocellar furrow indistinct; lateral edge furrowed on anterior
half to two-thirds. OOL:POL:OOCL 1.0–1.2:1.0:1.0–1.3.
Frontal area with very shallow concavity posteromedially
(Fig. 2I); lateral ridge indistinct or low; anterior ridge low
or well developed, medially concave or not concave. Frontal
pit small, usually with median groove dorsally. Distance
between eyes at torulus 1.3–1.5 × as long as major axis of
eye (Fig. 1A). Supraclypeal area strongly swollen (Fig. 2D),
sometimes slightly swollen. Clypeus with width 4.0–4.5 ×
maximum height (Fig. 2F); maximum height 0.6–0.7 × torulus
height; ventral margin truncate or slightly emarginate; depth
of ventral emargination 0–0.3 × median height of clypeus.
Malar space 0.8–1.1 × as long as median ocellus width. Genal
orbit not furrowed or very shallowly furrowed (Fig. 2A).
Antenna 2.7–3.0 × as long as head width (Fig. 1B); agellum
tapering; agellomere 1 1.0–1.1 × as long as major axis of eye
(Fig. 2D); agellomere 2 0.9–1.0 × as long as agellomere 1.
Mandibles with basal outer surface mostly rounded, without
wide at or concave part (Fig. 2G–H).
Mesoscutellum slightly or moderately convex (Fig. 2M).
Mesoscutellar appendage 1.1–1.8 × as long as minor axis of
cenchrus. Metascutellum 1.3–2.0 × as long as minor axis of
cenchrus. Hind tibia with posterior tibial spur 1.4–1.6 × as
long as apical breadth of hind tibia in lateral view, 0.46–0.50
× as long as hind tarsomere 1. Hind tarsus 0.8–0.9 × as long
as hind tibia. Tarsal claws with depth of concavity between
apical and inner teeth much longer than distance between
apices of these teeth (Fig. 2N). Fore wing with vein C slightly
swollen apically (Fig. 1B) and cell Sc 0.9–1.3 × as wide as
vein C at level of base of vein Rs+M. Hind wing with section
of vein 1A between cell 1A and crossvein cu-a 1.3–1.6 × as
long as crossvein cu-a.
Abdominal sternum 7 with posterior margin straight or
slightly concave beside median projection (Fig. 3A). Cercus
about 2.5–3.0 × as long as wide, extending apically beyond
middle of apical ovipositor sheath and often reaching almost
to its apex (Fig. 3B, D). Each apical ovipositor sheath in
lateral view with apex narrowly rounded, dorsal margin short
and straight, and ventral margin angularly or roundly convex
(Fig. 3B), in dorsal view narrower than or as wide as cercus
(Fig. 3D). Lance annulated on apical half, with dorsal margin
gently rounded (Fig. 3F); radix without subdorsal carina;
annuli oblique, almost straight. Lancet with radix 1.0–1.1 × as
long as lamnium (Fig. 3G–I); tangium without pores; lamnium
with 12–13 annuli; annuli 2–8 or 2–9 each with seta-like
ctenidial teeth along anterior edge; ctenidial teeth of annulus
2 sometimes sparse; borders of annuli each curved anteriorly
near ventral edge of lancet; serrulae shallow, anteriorly
pointed, with minute denticles.
Punctures inconspicuous or minute. Head capsule rough
and slightly or distinctly microsculptured, especially on
anterior part (Fig. 2I), sometimes mostly smooth between
punctures. Thorax generally smooth between punctures
(Fig. 2L, M); pronotum microsculptured; posterolateral
sunken area of mesoscutum widely microsculptured;
mesopostnotum microsculptured, usually posteromedially
smooth; metapostnotum mostly smooth; mesepisternum
11
Two new subspecies of Euura spiraeae from Japan
June 30, 2022, JJSE 28 (1)
smooth, covered with setae except for wide anterior part,
with punctures inconspicuous; katepimeron glabrous, usually
with several setae on middle of posterior margin. Abdomen
microsculptured.
Fig. 1. A–I, L, Euura spiraeae okutaniana: A–E, female, holotype; F–I, male, paratype; L, eggs on Aruncus dioicus (progeny of
HH200805A), 17 August 2020, rearing condition. J–K, Euura spiraeae hokkaido: female, holotype. A–D, F–I, Photographed just after
killing. A, F, Anterior view; B, E, G, J, dorsal or dorsolateral view; C, H, lateral view; D, I, K, ventral or ventrolateral view.
12 Hara, H., M. Nakajima and A. Shinohara
June 30, 2022, JJSE 28 (1)
Male. Length 4.0–6.0 mm (Fig. 1F–I). Differing from
female as follows except for usual sexual dierences.
Antenna with flagellomere 1 sometimes brown except
for dorsal part. Venter of abdomen yellow to brown, usually
darkened apically and laterally.
Head in dorsal view with length behind eye 0.3–0.4 × eye
length (Fig. 2B) and length behind lateral ocellus 1.7–2.1 ×
lateral ocellus length. OOL:POL:OOCL 0.9–1.3:1.0:0.9–1.0.
Clypeus with width 4.5–5.3 × maximum height; maximum
height 0.4–0.5 × torulus height.
Abdominal tergum 8 with procidentia markedly protruded
posteriorly and rounded apically in dorsal view and its median
ridge rounded (Fig. 4A); tergal hollow with anterior edge
distinct laterally. Sternum 8 gradually narrowing towards
Fig. 2. A–B, D–O, Euura spiraeae okutaniana: A, D, I, K, L–N, female, holotype; B, E, J, O, male, paratype; F–H, female, paratype. C, P,
Euura spiraeae hokkaido: female, holotype. A–C, head, dorsal view; D–E, head, lateral view; F, ventromedial part of head, anterior view;
G, right mandible, outer view; H, left mandible, outer view; I–J, head, anterodorsal view; K, torulus and its neighboring areas, anterolateral
view; L, epicnemium and its neighboring areas, lateroventral view; M, posteromedial part of thorax, dorsal view; N–P, tarsal claw.
13
Two new subspecies of Euura spiraeae from Japan
June 30, 2022, JJSE 28 (1)
apex, with apex narrowly rounded (Fig. 4A). Genitalia Fig.
4B–F; harpe in ventral view much longer than wide, with
lateral edge slightly rounded, medial edge roundly convex
at basal third and concave at basal fourth, and apex rounded;
parapennis tapering, apically narrowly rounded; paravalva
somewhat protruding apically.
Immature stages. Egg (Fig. 1L): white, long oval.
Early and middle instar larvae (Fig. 5D–E): head greenish
yellow or yellow brown, sometimes laterally or mostly dark
brown; trunk and legs pale yellow green; coxae laterobasally
brown to black.
Final instar larva (Fig. 5B–C, F–G): 6.0–12.0 mm long;
color as in early and middle instars, but head mostly dark
brown to black or greenish yellow with large black marking
laterally and small black marking on frons, and trunk with
black spots on subspiracular lobes of abdominal segments 2–6
or 2–7 or meso- and metathoracic segments and abdominal
segments 1–8, sometimes dorsally with small gray spots.
Ventral gland present in abdominal segments 2–7, when
extended, almost elongate conical, very slightly bent near
middle (Fig. 5E, G), its length almost equal height of their
own segment except for proleg, but anterior glands somewhat
shorter.
Cocoon: 5.0–10.0 mm long, dark to blackish brown, with
thick black thread on outer surface, single walled.
Material examined. Holotype (Figs. 1A–E, 2A, D, I, K,
L–N, 3A–B, D): ♀, “PHH200815A”, “[Part of HH200805A],
JAPAN: Honshu, Gifu Pref., Takayama, Okuhida Onsengo,
36°12'N 137°32'E, coll. 4 gregarious larvae on Aruncus
dioicus 5. VIII. 2020, coc. 6–9. VIII., em. 15. VIII. 2020, H.
Hara”.
Paratypes: HONSHU: Tochigi Pref.: 1♂, Nikko,
36°45'03"N 139°35'21"E, coll. larva on Aruncus dioicus
var. kamtschaticus, 31. VII. 2011, mat. 11–13. VIII., em.
Fig. 3. A–B, D, F–I, Euura spiraeae okutaniana, female: A, B, D, holotype; F, G, paratype, host Aruncus dioicus; H, paratype, host Spiraea
japonica; I, paratype, host Spiraea dasyantha. C, E, J, Euura spiraeae hokkaido, female: C, J, holotype; E, paratype. A, Apex of abdomen,
ventrolateral view; B–C, ditto, lateral view; D–E, ditto, dorsal view; F, lance; G–J, lancet.
14 Hara, H., M. Nakajima and A. Shinohara
June 30, 2022, JJSE 28 (1)
31. VIII. 2011, A. & N. Shinohara. ― Ibaraki Pref.: 5♀,
Tsukuba, Amakubo, 36°06'07"N 140°06'45"E, coll. larvae
on Aruncus dioicus var. insularis, 23. IV. 2021, mat. 28. IV.,
em. 5–10. V. 2021, A. Shinohara. ― Gunma Pref.: 2♀1♂,
Doai, 36°49'55"N 138°57'29"E, coll. larvae on Aruncus
dioicus var. kamtschaticus, 26. VIII. 2007, mat. 4. IX.,
em. 18, 25. IX. 2007, A. & N. Shinohara. ― Tokyo Met.:
10♀6♂ (Figs. 3H, 4B–C, E), Taito, Ueno-koen, 35°43'07"N
139°46'23"E, coll. larvae on Spiraea japonica, 22, 26. VII.
2021, mat. 23–25, 27–30. VII., em. 17, 22–24, 26. VIII., 14,
16–18, 22–23. IX, 2021, M. Nakajima; 1♀, Mt. Jinbasan,
Kamiange, 30. IV. 2006, A. Shinohara. ― Kanagawa Pref.:
1♂, Yokohama, Sugita, 6. IV. 1930, K. Sato. ― Niigata
Pref.: 1♀, Yuzawa, 36°56'46"N 138°47'43"E, 1. X. 2017,
A. Shinohara. ― Nagano Pref.: 1♀, Shiga-kogen, 18. VIII.
2006, A. Shinohara. ― Gifu Pref.: 2♀ (Fig. 3F–G), with same
label as second label of holotype, from 4 gregarious larvae
including holotype (rearing code HH200805A; Fig. 5B),
and progeny, 2♂ (Figs. 1A–I, L, 2B, E, J, O, 5C), eggs laid
15–16. VIII. 2020, larvae hatched 20. VIII., coc. 29. VIII. – 4.
IX., em. 7. IX. 2020; 5♀1♂ (Figs. 4D, F, 5A), same locality,
host and collector as holotype, but coll. 26 gregarious larvae
(HH200805B), 5. VIII. 2020, coc. 13–15. VIII., em. 23, 26,
31. VIII., 7. IX. 2020. ― Kyoto Pref.: 6♂, Kyoto, Sakyo
Ward, Eikando, coll. larva on Spiraea japonica, 22. IV. 2016,
em. 4. V. 2016, M. Murase. ― Hyogo Pref.: 2♂, Takarazuka,
Takedao, 34°51'03"N 135°18'55"E, coll. larvae on Spiraea
dasyantha (AS121008), 8. X. 2012, mat. 16–18. X., em. 3, 5.
XI. 2012, A. Shinohara; 1♀, Takarazuka, Takedao, 6. X. 2016,
A. Shinohara; 1♀ (Fig. 2F–H), Shiso, Mt. Hyonosen, 23. VI.
2012, T. Naito. ― Tottori Pref.: 1♀, Daisen, Tatarado, Onoike,
25. V. 2019, A. Shinohara; 1♀, Mt. Daisen, Daisenji, 7. V.
2007, A. Shinohara. SHIKOKU: Kagawa Pref.: 1♂ (Fig. 4A),
Mitoyo, Mt. Shippo-zan, coll. larva on Spiraea dasyantha, 9.
X. 2012, em. 28. X. 2012, A. Shinohara; 1♀ (Fig. 3I), same
data but coll. larva, 10. X. 2012, em. 23. X. 2012; 1♀, same
data but coll. larva (AS121010), 10. X. 2012, mat. 11. X.,
em. 25. X. 2012. KYUSHU: Oita Pref.: 2♀, Usa, Innaimachi
Hinotake, 16. X. 2014, A. Shinohara; 2♂, same data but coll.
larvae on Spiraea dasyantha (AS141016C), 16. X. 2014, mat.
18. X., em. 29. X. 2014.
Etymology. This subspecies is named after the late Prof.
Fig. 4. Euura spiraeae okutaniana, male paratypes: B–C, E, host Spiraea japonica; D, F, host Aruncus dioicus. A, Apex of abdomen,
dorsal view (genitalia removed); B, D, genitalia, ventral view (penis valves removed); C, ditto, dorsal view; E–F, penis valve, lateral view,
above dorsal.
15
Two new subspecies of Euura spiraeae from Japan
June 30, 2022, JJSE 28 (1)
Teiichi Okutani, who (Okutani, 1958) described this sawy as
Nematus sp.
Distribution. Japan: Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu.
Host plants. Rosaceae: Aruncus dioicus (Walter) Fernald
(new record), Spiraea dasyantha Bunge (new record), S.
japonica L.f. (new record), S. salicifolia L. (Okutani, 1958).
Life history. This sawfly is multivoltine, probably with
polymodal adult emergence (see the rearing data of Tokyo
Fig. 5. A–G, Euura spiraeae okutaniana. H–I, Euura spiraeae hokkaido. A–C, Larvae on Aruncus dioicus: A, leaf eaten by early instar
larvae (rearing code HH200805B), 6 August 2020, rearing condition; B, nal instar larva (HH200805A), 6 August 2020, rearing condition;
C, ditto (progeny of HH200805A), 29 August 2020. D–G, Larvae on Spiraea japonica, Ueno-koen, photographed by Nakajima; D–
E, middle instar larva, 18 July 2021; F–G, nal instar larva, 30 June 2021; D, F, alarmed posture before protruding ventral glands; F, G,
alarmed posture with protruding ventral glands. H–I, Final instar larvae on Aruncus dioicus and leaves eaten by larvae (HH210614A),
Utashinai, 21 June 2021.
16 Hara, H., M. Nakajima and A. Shinohara
June 30, 2022, JJSE 28 (1)
specimens in the material examined above). The adults were
collected during early April and middle October. The larvae
were found during late April and middle October. They were
gregarious but usually not in contact with each other. They
made cocoons between leaves or in the soil under rearing
condition. The cocoon period greatly varied, with a minimum
of 9 days and a maximum of about 2 months without
overwintering. One female adult laid 30 eggs together on the
under surface of a leaf in a cage (Fig. 1L).
Remarks. In the keys by Benson (1958), Muche (1974)
and Lacourt (2020), two Japanese subspecies, Euura spiraeae
okutaniana and E. spiraeae hokkaido, go to the nominotypical
subspecies, E. spiraeae spiraeae, from Europe and neighbor
areas. The former two subspecies have the cercus extending
apically beyond the middle of the apical ovipositor sheath
and often reaching almost to the apex (Fig. 3D–E), but the
nominotypical subspecies has the cercus at most reaching to
the middle of the apical ovipositor sheath according to Benson
(1958, g. 678), Muche (1974, g. 63) and Hellén (1976). The
former two also dier from the latter in color. The female and
male of E. spiraeae okutaniana and the female of E. spiraeae
hokkaido (the male is unknown) have the wholly black
supraclypeal area and the wholly black to dark brown clypeus,
but the female of E. spiraeae spiraeae has the ventrally pale
yellow clypeus (Muche, 1974) or the white supraclypeal area
and clypeus (Moisan-De Serres & Smith, 2017) and the male
of that subspecies has the ventrally pale yellow head (Muche,
1974). The final instar larvae of the former two subspecies
have the trunk with a row of black spots lateroventrally, but
the final instar larva of the latter subspecies has the trunk
without black spots (fig. 4 in Moisan-De Serres & Smith,
2017; photographs in Taeger et al., 2018). Euura spiraeae
okutaniana is distinguished from E. spiraeae spiraeae and E.
spiraeae hokkaido by the color of the hind leg. The hind leg of
E. spiraeae okutaniana is black from the apex of the femur to
the tarsus (Fig. 1D, I), but those of the latter two are black at
most on the apex of the tibia and the tarsus (Fig. 1K; gs. 1–2
in Moisan-De Serres & Smith, 2017; photographs in Taeger et
al., 2018).
Euura spiraeae spiraeae and E. spiraeae okutaniana
are oligophagous sawflies associated with Aruncus and
Spiraea, two closely related genera in the tribe Spiraeeae
of the rosaceous subfamily Amygdaloideae (Potter et al.,
2007). The only other sawfly known to have the same host
plant association is Pamphilius daisenus Takeuchi, 1938,
(Pamphiliidae) from Japan and Korea (Shinohara et al., 2016).
Euura spiraeae hokkaido Hara & Shinohara,
subsp. nov.
(Figs. 1J–K, 2C, P, 3C, E, J, 5H–I)
Japanese name: Kita-shimotsuke-habachi
Description, female. Length 5.5–6.5 mm (6.0 mm in
holotype). Black (Fig. 1J–K). Clypeus sometimes mostly
dark brown. Labrum yellow brown. Mandible yellow brown
basally, reddish to dark brown from middle to apex. Maxilla
and labium yellow brown to black, with palpi yellow,
sometimes basally brown. Pronotum very narrowly yellow
at posterodorsal corner. Tegula yellow. Legs yellow; coxae
basally very narrowly darkened; hind femur sometimes
blackish apically; hind tibia brown to black apically; hind
tarsus often black; tarsal claws brown. Wings almost colorless
transparent; veins mostly brown to blackish brown; in fore
wing, veins C, Sc, R, M+R, R1 and 1A yellow to yellow
brown; stigma brown to blackish brown. Abdomen ventrally
yellow white almost entirely; cercus brown or dark brown;
basal ovipositor sheath yellow white.
Structure as in E. spiraeae okutaniana except as follows:
Head length behind lateral ocellus 2.2–2.8 × length of lateral
ocellus; hind tibia with posterior tibial spur 1.5–1.8 × as long
as apical breadth of hind tibia in lateral view, 0.48–0.52 ×
as long as hind tarsomere 1; hind wing with section of vein
1A between cell 1A and crossvein cu-a 1.6–1.8 × as long as
crossvein cu-a. Head in dorsal view Fig. 2C. Tarsal claw Fig.
2P. Ovipositor sheath Fig. 3C, E. Lancet Fig. 3J.
Male. Unknown.
Immature stages. Final feeding instar larva (Fig. 5H):
10.0–13.0 mm long; head mostly black or dark green with
large black marking laterally; trunk yellow green, with black
spots on subspiracular lobes of meso- and metathoracic
segments and abdominal segments 1–7; thoracic legs pale
green, laterobasally darkened or not darkened.
Cocoon: 7.0 mm long, blackish brown, with thick black
thread on outer surface, single walled.
Material examined. Holotype (Figs. 1J–K, 2C, P, 3C,
J, 5H–I): ♀, “[Part of HH210614A] JAPAN: Hokkaido,
Utashinai, Nishiyama, 43°27'N 142°01'E, coll. 3 gregarious
larvae on Aruncus dioicus 14. VI. 2021, coc. 15–16. VI., em.
23. VI. 2021, H. Hara”. Paratypes: HOKKAIDO: 1♀, Lake
Shikotsu-ko, 7–21. VII. 1996, by Malaise trap, Y. Nagayasu;
1♀ (Fig. 3E), same data but 18. VIII. – 8. IX. 1996.
Etymology. The subspecic epithet is a noun in apposition
and derived from the locality.
Distribution. Japan: Hokkaido.
Host plants. Rosaceae: Aruncus dioicus (Walter) Fernald.
Life history. This is probably a multivoltine sawfly. The
adults were collected during early July and early September
and the larvae were collected in middle June. The larvae were
gregarious but not in contact with each other (Fig. 5H). They
made cocoons between leaves under rearing condition. The
cocoon period was 7 or 8 days.
Remarks. Euura spiraeae hokkaido differs from the
nominotypical subspecies and E. spiraeae okutaniana in
the characters given in the foregoing key and the discussion
above.
Acknowledgements
We thank Tatsuya Ide (National Museum of Nature and
Science, Tsukuba) and Masumi Murase (Wakayama) for the
loan or gift of material. Nakajima also thanks the stas of the
Tokyo University of the Arts for their assistance.
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[Received: January 19, 2022; accepted: May 20, 2022]
