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Indian Journal of Entomology Online published Ref. No. e21177 DoI.: 10.55446/IJE.2021.389
INSECT PEST SPECTRUM OF FRENCH BEAN PHASEOLUS VULGARIS (POLE TYPE)
GROWN UNDER NETHOUSE
Swagatika Sahoo* and RudRappa Somappa giRaddi
Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture,
University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad 580005, Karnataka, India
*Email: swagatikasahoo81@gmail.com (corresponding author)
ABSTRACT
Pole bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an annual herb grown vertically on a support. The present study
asseses the insect pests infesting this bean along with their natural enemies under nethouse conditions.
The study was done at the Hi-tech Horticulture Unit, UAS, Dharwad. The results revealed ve species
of insects and one mite species infesting pole bean at various phases of crop growth. These include- the
serpentine leaf miner (Liriomyza trifolii), pod y (Melanagromyza obtusa), seed y (Anthomyia sp.),
leafhopper (Ianagallia bifurcate), tobacco caterpillar (Spodoptera litura), and red spider mite (Tetranychus
urticae). The natural enemies include- Brachymeria sp. (Chalcididae), Ichneumon sp. (Ichneumonidae)
and Microplitis sp. (Braconidae).
Key words: Phaseolus vulgaris, nethouse, insects, mites, natural enemies, crop stages, Braconidae, Chalcididae,
leaf miner, tobacco caterpillar, leafhopper, seed y
21177-- Swagatika Sahoo
India is the world’s leading producer of pulses and
accounts for 26% of world production and 30% of
consumption. French bean Phaseolus vulgaris L. is
a herbaceous plant that belongs to the legume family
Fabaceae. Vegetable cultivation under protective
structures like the nethouse has become very popular
now (Kaur et al., 2004). But, growing vegetable crops
under nethouse makes them more susceptible to pests
due to warm and humid conditions, and it is necessary
to know the pest diversity, their abundance and the
associated natural enemies, in these. The major pests of
green beans as reported by Mondal et al. (2018) are bean
stem y (Ophiomyia phaseoli Tryon), aphids (Aphis
craccivora Koch), mites (Tetranychus sp.), whitey
(Bemisia tabaci Gennadius), leaf miner, (Liriomyza
trifolii Burgess), pod borers like Helicoverpa armigera
(Hubner) and bean gall weevil (Alcidodes signatus
Boheman), under open eld conditions. Since, pole
type French bean is being newly introduced in North
Karnataka, the present study assessed its insect pest
spectrum along with their natural enemies under net
house conditions.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Insect pests and natural enemies of French bean
(pole type) under nethouse was analysed during rabi
2019-20, at the Hi-tech Horticulture Unit, UAS,
Dharwad (15.4889 N,74.9813 E). Experiment with
variety Indus IZ Polo with a plot size of 500 m2 and
spacing of 30x 45cm was laid out, kept free from
chemicals, and there were 10 subplots of 5 m2 each. To
know the pest spectrum, scouting was done by looking
at the plants in all its growth stages, from the bottom to
top i.e. older leaves to new ush. For calculating the
abundance, Gupta et al. (2016) was followed; in case
of leaf miner, the number of larvae/ ve leaves from
ve tagged plants, and from each subplot was recorded.
The leafhoppers (including nymphs) and mites were
counted on three leaves, collected from top, middle and
bottom portion of the randomly tagged ve plants. For
tobacco caterpillar, number of larvae/ m length in ve
randomly selected spots/ subplot was recorded. Insects
and natural enemies prevailing from sowing to harvest
were observed at weekly intervals. Collected insects
were observed, sorted, and counted under a stereozoom
microscope. Standard procedures were followed for
collection and preservation of specimens (Gullan and
Cranston, 2014).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Results revelaed occurrence of ve insect pests and
one mite viz. serpentine leafminer Liriomyza trifolii
Burgess, bean pod y Melanagromyza obtusa Malloch,
bean seed y Anthomyia sp., leafhopper Ianagallia
bifurcate Sawai Singh and Gill, tobacco caterpillar
Spodoptera litura (F) and red spider mite Tetranychus
urticae Koch. Allen et al. (1996) and Mehta et al. (2001)
reported bean ies, cut worms, serpentine leaf miner,
2 Indian Journal of Entomology 83(2021) Online published Ref. No. e21177 Reserch Communication
and spider mites as pests on common beans Phaseolus
vulgaris L. under eld conditions. Similar observations
were made by Sood (2010) on beans under the
greenhouse. Manjesh et al. (2017) reported incidence
of L. trifolii and T. urticae on yard long beans under
shade-nethouse. The activity of L. trifolii started at
four-leaf stage (two weeks after sowing) and continued
throughout the cropping season; peak incidence (6.32
larvae/ 5 leaves) was observed in the pod initiation
stage and minimum (2.16 larvae/ 5 leaves) during the
early vegetative stage (Table 1). Mondal et al., (2018)
observed a peak abundance of leaf miner (4.13 larvae/
plant) on French bean; and Manjy (2019) on cowpea
that it was in peak incidence with 10.5 larvae/ leaf.
Incidence of T. urticae started three weeks after sowing
(3.52 mites/ 3 leaves) with peak (10.48 mites/ 3 leaves)
during reproductive stage (Table 1); Anuradha (2013)
observed peak incidence at 30 days after sowing, under
polyhouse on pole bean; Saloni (2018) observed T.
urticae in nethouse with capsicum; Khatak et al. (2020)
observed these on tomato leaves under screen house.
Leafhoppers (I. bifurcata) were first noticed at
vegetative stage (0.4 to 0.84/ 3 leaves) with peak at
reproductive stage (Table 1). Sharma (2008) observed
maximum incidence at the late vegetative stage on
French bean; mean incidence of Empoasca fabae Harris
was between 0.41 and 0.73 individuals/ 6 leaves on
Indian bean (Chouragade et al., 2018). The infestation of
S. litura commenced two weeks after sowing, in the early
vegetative stage, it was @0.16 larvae/ m with a peak
of 0.75 larvae/ m during the owering stage (Table 1).
Manjesh et al. (2017) reported 0.91 larvae/ plant on yard
long beans under polyhouse; while with by beet army
worm (S. exigua) a peak of 1.47 larvae/ plant was during
the late vegetative stage on capsicum under shade-net
house (Gupta et al., 2016). Earlier ndings suggested
spider mites and leafhoppers as major sucking pests on
French bean (Jakhar and Choudhary, 2013). Saha et al.
(2015) observed L. trifolii and mites as important pests
on beans under protected conditions; and L. trifolii was
observed maximum on yard long beans under shade-net
(Manjesh et al., 2017). The observations on the natural
enemies revealed Brachymeria sp. (Chalcididae),
Ichneumon sp. (Ichneumonidae) and Microplitis sp.
(Braconidae). Xu et al. (2007) found Opius caricivorae
Fischer, a braconid endoparasitoid on leaf miner. Saha
et al. (2015) observed Dacnusa sibirica (braconid wasp)
on leaf miner. French bean harbours predators like
Coccinella septumpunctata and C. dimitida, syrphid y,
Chrysoperla carnea Stephens, rove beetle, and spiders
along with parasitoids Aphidius sp., Eretmocerus sp.
and Campoletes chloridea Uchida (Mondal et al., 2018).
Braconid and eulophid parasitoids were recorded on
caterpillar pests under greenhouse (Rathee et al., 2018).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors thank the University of Agricultural
Sciences, Dharwad (UAS-D), for proving facilities, and
the taxonomists of UAS-D and Dr H M Yeshwanth,
Department of Entomology, University of Agricultural
Sciences, Bengaluru and Dr Srinivas Nagappa,
Coordinator Agricultural Acarology, University of
Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, for identication
of insects, mites and natural enemies. The rst author
acknowledges the Indian Council of Agricultural
Research, India, for the Junior Research Fellowship.
Table 1. Population abundance of insect pests on pole bean
S. No. Stage of the crop
Mean incidence
Leaf miner/
5 leaves
Mites/
3 leaves
Leafhoppers/
3 leaves
Tobacco
caterpillar/ m
1. Vegetative 2.16 0.00 0.00 0.16
2. Vegetative 3.16 3.52 0.00 0.38
3. Vegetative 4.20 4.96 0.00 0.45
4. Vegetative 4.84 5.80 0.40 0.48
5. Flowering 5.08 7.52 0.40 0.55
6. Flowering 5.24 8.84 0.48 0.75
7. Pod setting 5.88 8.84 0.64 0.60
8. Pod setting 6.32 9.08 0.68 0.40
9. Maturity 6.12 10.40 0.84 0.30
10. Harvesting 6.04 10.48 0.84 0.28
Mean 4.90 7.71 0.61 0.43
S.D± 1.30 3.18 0.32 0.16
Insect pest spectrum of french bean Phaseolus vulgaris (pole type) grown under nethouse 3
Swagatika Sahoo and Rudrappa Somappa Giraddi
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Manuscript Received: July, 2021; Revised: December, 2021;
Accepted: December, 2021; Online Published: April, 2022)
Online published (Preview) in www.entosocindia.org Ref. No. e21177
