Five new species of teloschistaceae lichens from Algeria

Abstract

Aim of this work is to describe the diversity of teloschistaceae in the forest of Doui Thabet (Saida province, western Algeria). The order Teloschistales contains species of nitrophilous lichens that grow rapidly on nitrogen-rich substrates. There are Teloschistaceae containing anthraquinones, Teloschistaceae with sedifolia grey and Physciaceae rich in atranorine. After sampling and collecting various specimens between 2019 and 2021 in this forest; the identification revealed 22 species of the Teloschistaceae family reported for the first time from this region. The following five species are noted: Blastenia xerothermica, Caloplaca intern, Pyrenodesmia microstepposa, Usnochroma carphineum, and Variospora glomerata are new species for Algeria.

Full text

Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 12(3), 2022
Ukrainian Journal of Ecology
Ukrainian Journal of Ecology,
2022, 12(3)
, 74-86, doi: 10.15421/2022_356
Ukrainian Journal of Ecology,
2021, 11(4)
,,doi: 10.15421/2021_
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Five new species of teloschistaceae lichens from Algeria
R. Mouedden1*, A. Ayache1, A.H. Benchohra2, F. Toumi2, F.Z. Bendimred1
1Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Laboratory of Plant Biodiversity:
Conservation and Valorization, University of Djillali liabes, Sidi Bel Abbes 22000-Algeria
2Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Eco-development Laboratory for
Spaces, University of Djillali liabes, Sidi Bel Abbes 22000-Algeria
*Corresponding author E-mail: rachid20715@gmail.com
Received: 21-Feb-2022, Manuscript No. UJE-22-55033; Accepted: 16-Mar-2022, Pre QC No. P-55033;
Editor assigned: 23-Feb-2022, Pre QC No. P-55033; Reviewed: 01-Mar-2022, QC No. Q-55033;
Revised: 07-Mar-2022, Manuscript No. R-55033; Published: 23-Mar-2022.
Aim of this work is to describe the diversity of teloschistaceae in the forest of Doui Thabet (Saida province, western Algeria). The
order Teloschistales contains species of nitrophilous lichens that grow rapidly on nitrogen-rich substrates. There are Teloschistaceae
containing anthraquinones, Teloschistaceae with sedifolia grey and Physciaceae rich in atranorine. After sampling and collecting
various specimens between 2019 and 2021 in this forest; the identification revealed 22 species of the Teloschistaceae family
reported for the first time from this region. The following five species are noted:
Blastenia xerothermica
,
Caloplaca intern
,
Pyrenodesmia microstepposa
,
Usnochroma carphineum
, and
Variospora glomerata
are new species for Algeria.
Keywords: Lichen, Teloschistaceae, New species, Diversity, Algeria.
Introduction
The Teloschistaceae family is one of the largest families of lichenized fungi, it includes a significant number of genus and species
(Lücking et al., 2016). The morphological, anatomical and chemical variation observed for the genus Caloplaca, make a richness
with more than 1000 species (Mishra et al., 2020). A new classification of this family has been proposed by Arup et al.,
2013, where
a total of 39 genera are recognised, of which 31 are newly described. The new genera are:
Athallia, Austroplaca, Bryoplaca,
Calogaya, Cerothallia, Flavoplaca, Gondwania, Haloplaca, Orientophila, Pachypeltis, Parvoplaca, Rufoplaca, Shackletonia, Scutaria,
Sirenophila, Solitaria, Squamulea, Stellaropistangis, Teloschromistora, Teloschromistora.
The resurrected genres are
Blastenia,
Dufourea, Follmannia, Gyalolechia, Leproplaca, Polycauliona, Pyrenodesmia
and
Xanthocarpia
(Arup et al., 2013). The
Teloschistaceae are characterised by the presence of parietin as a major by-product which gives a yellowish orange colour to the
thallus and apothecia. Polarilocular spores and
Teloschistes
-type asci are observed. The character of the spores has always been
important in determining the species, especially in the genus
Caloplaca
(Mishra et al., 2020). Teloschistaceae grow in moist, well-lit
environments in temperate or Mediterranean climates. They occupy the surfaces and branches of trees of several species. They are
found in the corticolous, terricolous and saxicolous types.
Study area
The forest of Doui Thabet has an area of 56.31 km² with a distance of 14 km North-South and 30 km East-West of the province of
Saida. It is part of the geographical area of the Tellian highlands. It is limited to the north by the localities of: Sidi Boubkeur and
Ouled Khaled, to the west by the locality of Youb, to the east by the town of Saïda and to the south by the locality of Aïn el Hadjar.
This forest is composed of four cantons, Sidi Ahmed Zegaï, Oum Touajine, Ras-el-Ma, and El-Ache (Terras, 2011). The bioclimatic
Floor is cool semi-arid, with irregular and low rainfall between 300 and 370 mm/year. January and February are the coldest months
of the year (3.3°C) while July and August are the hottest (35.5°C) (Baghdadi 2017). The soils of the region are limestone, red, and
lithosols (Halitim, 1988). The frequent species in Doui Thabet forest are:
Pinus halepensis
M
., Pistacia lentiscus
L
., Quercus coccifera
L
., Ampelodesmos mauritanicus
Poir.,
Rosmarinus tournefortii
de noé
, Asparagus acutifolius
L
., Globularia alypum
L.
, Cistus villosus
L, Phillyrea angustifolia
L.
, Calycotome spinosa
L.
, Stipa tenacissima
L
(Terras 2011) (Fig. 1).

Five New Species of Teloschistaceae Lichens from Algeria
Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 12(3), 2022
Fig. 1. Forest of Doui Thabet study area (Saida province, western Algeria).
Materials and Methods
In the forest of Doui Thabet, we used two sampling methods, the first method for sampling epiphytic lichens. The lichens were
counted inside a quadra placed on the tree trunks. We took into account the 4 cardinal points of the tree (Truong, 2013). The
information taken on these lichens followed the strict protocols of Wirth, 1997. The second for the sampling of saxicolous and
terricolous lichens, we used the partial sampling method. In the field, after having chosen a surface much larger than the minimum
area which is (0.5 m2) according to Roux, 1990. The lichens ecology and the nature of the substrate are very important for the
lichens identification (calcicole and calcifuge lichens), hydrochloric acid (HCl) is used in the field to identify calcareous and non-
calcareous soils and rocks. In the laboratory, specimens were carefully identified by observing their morphology and anatomy using
spot tests to determine the compounds in the lichens that are necessary for identification (Kondratyuk et al., 2016). For anatomical
studies sections of thalli and apothecia by hand section, spore measurements were performed in K (10% potassium hydroxide)
(Holien and Palice, 2018). The spore measurements were estimated in water by calculating: (min-)X-sd-X-X+sd(-max) by the
metrology software Piximetre 5.10. We note: (min) and (max) are the extreme values, (X) the arithmetic mean, and (sd) is the
corresponding standard deviation. For the identification, determination and nomoclature of lichens, we used several keys and
references such as: Les lichens étude biologique et flores illustrée (Ozenda et Clauzade, 1970), The lichens (Wirth, 1995), Guide des
lichens de France, lichens des arbres (Van Haluwyn, C., and Asta, J 2017), Guide des lichens de France. Lichens of soils (van
Haluwyn, C., Asta, J., and Boissière, J. C. (2014). Guide des lichens de France. Lichens of rocks (Asta, J., van Haluwyn, C., and
Boissière, J.C. 2016), The lichens of Italy a second annotated catalogue (Pier Luigi Nimis 2016), Catalogue des lichens et
champignons lichénicoles de France métropolitaine (Roux, C. and Coll., E. 2017), as well as the websites Association française de
Lichénologie (AFL, 2021), The Information System on Italian Lichens. Version 5.0 (Nimis P.L., 2021), The British Lichen Society
(2021) (Fig. 2).

Five New Species of Teloschistaceae Lichens from Algeria
Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 12(3), 2022
Fig. 2. Species of lichens identified in the study area. Legends: A-
Caloplaca cerina
, B-
Gyalolechia fulgida
, C-
Gyalolechia
flavovirescens
, D-
Xanthocarpia lacteal
, E-
Pyrenodesmia helygeoides
, F-
Variospora flavescens
. Scale bars: A, C and D=1 mm, B=5
mm, E and F=2 mm.
Results
The determination of the lichenic flora of the teloschistaceae family in the Doui Thabet forest (province of Saïda), revealed twenty-
two (22) species of Teloschistaceae divided into 12 genera. The species reported for the first time in Algeria is marked with an
asterisk (*). Concerning the classification and synonyms of the taxa, recourse was made to the updated inventory of lichens of
Algeria by Ait Hammou et al., (2014), and to Lichenological exploration of Algeria II by Amrani et al. (2018).
List of abbreviations used
Abundance-dominance (AD),
Populus
sp (P),
Pinus halepensis
(PHA),
Pistacia lentiscus
(PL),
Quercus coccifera
(QC),
Tetraclinis
articulata
(Ta), Crustacean (Cr), Foliaceous (Fo), Corticolous (Co), Terricolous (Tr), Saxicolous (Sa), Siliceous Rock (RS), Calcareous
Rock (RC), Calcareous Soil (SC).
*
Blastenia xerothermica
Vondrák, Arup and I.V. Frolov.
Blastenia
is a genus of lichens in the Teloschistaceae family, the origin of
Blastenia
is dated to the beginning of the Tertiary Age.
The genus
Blastenia
contains 24 species with two subspecies, each species strongly prefers a single substrate type, seventeen (17)
species are found on organic substrates, and seven (7) on siliceous rocks, all groups tend to have a Mediterranean distribution, but
some epiphytic species have much wider geographical ranges. Only (7) species have vegetative diaspores; they also produce
apothecia, but with smaller spores (Vondrák et
al., 2020).
Blastenia xerothermica
is a recently described species; it grows on the
branches of trees and shrubs, more rarely on trunks. In the Mediterranean region there is a similar species,
Blastenia hungarica
.
These two species have a different distribution and altitudinal range; note that
Blastenia xerothermica
is related to the Eu-
Mediterranean scrub vegetation (Nimis, 2021).
Also it differs by its more developed thallus, its rather visible black pycnidia, and its
habitat mainly on deciduous trees (Roux et al., 2017).
In Algeria, two species are reported, the first is
Blastenia crenularia
Gandoger
(1883), Flagey (1888, 1895), Egea et al., (1990), Egea and Limona (1991), and the second is
Blastenia ferruginea
Durieu (1846),
Nylander (1854, 1858b, 1878), Flagey (1895, 1896), Paris (1871), Hue (1891), Steiner (1902), Werner (1949), Djellil (1989), Alonso
and Egea (2003), Bendaikha (2006), Rebbas et
al.,
(2011), Boutabia et
al.
, (2015), Bendaikha and Hadjadj-Aoul (2016), Boutabia
(2016), (Amrani, et al., 2018).
Etymology
This species occupies dry and warm xerothermic habitats.
Description
Crustose, whitish, episubstratic, grey, thin thallus less than 100 μm thick forming patches to 1 cm in diameter. Apothecia biatorine,
pale orange or orange-red, sessile, 0.4-0.8 mm in diameter, with a generally flat disc and a smooth, somewhat paler, thin proper
margin, thalline margin absent, Proper exciple prosoplectchymatous, orange in outer part, colourless inside, amyloid, epithecium
orange-brown, granular 50-70 μm, hymenium colourless, absence of oil droplets 13-35 μm, paraphyses sparingly branched, 1.5-2

Five New Species of Teloschistaceae Lichens from Algeria
Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 12(3), 2022
μm thick at the in lower part. Apical cells slightly swollen, hypothecium colourless to pale yellowish brown, 38-65 μm, asci
Teloschistes-type, octosporate, clavate to cylindrical 44 x 5-12 μm, spores with septum, polarilocular, hyaline, ellipsoid, (8.2-) 8.7-
12.4 (12.9) x (4.3) 4.3-6.1 (-6.2) μm, the septum 4-6 μm thick, photobiont chlorocoid.
Chemical reactions
Thallus R-; apothecium, epithecium K+ red, excipulum and hymenium I+ blue (amyloid).
Similar species
Blastenia hungarica
From the lower meso-Mediterranean stage to the supra-Mediterranean stage (Roux and
al
., 2017)
lichen found
on branches of acid-barked trees, including oaks,
Blastenia ferruginea
species apothecia C+ red, excipulum is I-, grows on
deciduous trees, equatorial thickening 6-8 µm,
Blastenia herbidella
thallus consisting of grey isidia.
Collected site
On branches of
Tetraclinis articulata
, north east exposure, altitude 842m, location 34°55'48''N, 00°01'45''W, canton of El-ache,
Doui-Thabet forest, Youb, Saïda province, Algeria, date: on (24/03/2021). Sites: 1, 2, 4, 7, 8 and 9 (Cr, Co, TA, QC, AD1), 10, 11,
12 and 13 (Cr, Co, PL, AD2), 13, 14, 15 and 16 (Cr, Co, QC, AD3).
Ecology
On branches of deciduous trees and shrubs and conifers, more rarely on trunks, mainly at lower altitudes in the Mediterranean
scrubland.
Geographical distribution
Blastenia xerothermica
is limited to the Mediterranean basin, in Albania, southern France, Greece, Italy, Spain and Turkey (Vondrák
et
al., 2020).
Caloplaca cerina
(Hedw.) Th. Fr. s.lat.
Syn
: Blastenia ferruginea var. omora
A. Massal,
Callopisma cerinum
(Hedw.) De
Not,
Callopisma cerinum var. effusum
A. Massal,
Caloplaca cerina f. dispersa H. Olivier
,
Caloplaca cerina var. nigromarginata
(Bagl and Carestia) Jatta,
Caloplaca gilva
(Vain.) Zahlbr,
Caloplaca gilvolutea
(Nyl.) Zahlbr,
Lecanora gilvolutea
Nyl
Placodium cerinum
(Hedw.) Hepp
Placodium gilvum
Vain (Nimis, 2022).
Literature: Described by Durieu (1846), Nylander (1854), Paris (1871), Nylander (1878), Gandoger (1883), Flagey (1888, 1895,
1896), Hue (1891), Battandier et
al
., (1914), Werner (1949), Semadi (1989), Djellil (1989), van Haluwyn and Letrouit-Galinou
(1990), van Haluwyn et al.,
(1994), Semadi and Tahar (1995), Semadi et al., (1997), Alonso and Egea (2003), Rahali (2003), Ajaj et
al.,
(2007), Ait Hammou et al., (2011, 2013), Serradj et al., (2013), Slimani et al., (2013), Boutabia et al., (2015), Lograda et al.,
(2015), Boutabia (2016), Bendaikha and Hadjadj-Aoul (2016), Ghennam and Abdoun (2017).
Collected site: 1, 2, 4, 7, 8 and 9 (Cr, Co,
TA, QC
, AD1), 10, 11, 12 and 13 (Cr, Co,
PL
, AD2), 13, 14, 15 and 16 (Cr, Co
, QC
,
AD1). On smooth, mineral-rich bark, but also on moderately eutrophied bark of other trees, rare in polluted areas.
Caloplaca interna
Poelt and Nimis
Description: Crustose, areolate, somewhat thicker epi-substratic thallus, growing on the thallus of often sterile crustose lichens
such as Heteroplacidium fusculum and Circinaria sp. Apothecia orange to yellowish-orange, mostly grouped side by side, usually 2-4
apothecia per areole with a rounded to irregular margin, 0.7-0.9 mm in diameter, with a flat orange disc, and a fairly thick orange
or reddish orange margin. Thalline margin developed just at base of apothecia, medulla rich in algae, orange epithecium 22.29-
34.49 μm K+ red, hymenium colourless, 57-88 μm high I+ blue, paraphyses 2.03-2.5 μm thick at base, becoming progressively
thicker towards the top, the apical cells swollen 3.13-4.56 μm wide, colourless hypothecium 84-127 μm. Asci octospores, clavate,
Teloschistes-type 11.50-13.90 × 50.43-70.64 μm, thollus somewhat thick 2.15-2.70 μm thick with a blue I+. Spores are
polarilocular with septation, colourless, ellipsoid of (10.7) 11-12.9 (13) × (6.1) 6.5-7.3 (7.6) µm, the septum thicker almost1/3 of
spore length 3.09-3.87 µm thick.
Chemical reaction: Thallus R-, apothecia, epithecium K+ red, hymenium, asci wall, thollus I+ blue, Photobiont is
Chlorococcoides 12.7-17.69 µm in diameter.
Similar species:
Flavoplaca oasis
(A. Massal.): endolithic thallus, on the thallus of
Bagliettoa
sp, a calcicolous species growing on
hard limestone, the septum of spores up to 7 µm thick.
Collected site: On vertical surfaces of southern slopes on siliceous rocks, develops on the thallus of the often sterile crustacean
lichens
Heteroplacidium fusculum
and
Circinaria
sp, southern exposure, altitude: 975 m, location: 34°54'56''N, 00°00'30''W, canton

Five New Species of Teloschistaceae Lichens from Algeria
Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 12(3), 2022
of Ras el ma, forest of Doui-Thabet, Youb, province of Saida, date: Algeria on (12/06/2021). Sites: 1, 2, 3, 4 (Cr, Sa, RS, AD2), 13
and 14 (Cr, Sa, RS, AD3), 10, 11 and 12 (Cr, Sa, RS, AD4).
Ecology:On south-facing vertical surfaces on siliceous rocks wetted by water seepage after rain, often found near stands of
Peltula (the host being mainly sterile) (Nimis, 2021).
Caloplaca rubelliana
(Ach.) Lojka.
Synonym:
Callopisma rubellianum
(Ach.) A. Massal.
Literature: Described by Flagey (1888, 1895, 1895), Harmand (1913), Werner (1949), Egea et al., (1990), Egea and Llimona
(1991)
.
Collected site: 7, 8 and 9 (Cr, Sa, RS, AD4), 1 and 4 (Cr, Sa, RS, AD3), It is found on steeply sloping surfaces of siliceous rocks
in sunny environments.
Flavoplaca oasis
(A. Massal.) Arup, Frödén and Søchting f. lithophila auct.
Synonym:
Caloplaca holocarpa auct
. ital. p.p,
Caloplaca lithophila auct
. non H. Magn,
Caloplaca luteoalba
var.
saxicola
(Hepp) H.
Olivier,
Flavoplaca oasis
A. Massal.) Arup, Frödén and Søchting f. lithophila auct (Nimis, 2022).
Literature: Described by Rahali (2003), Haina et Bendechach (2004).
Collected site:7, 8 and 9 (Cr, Sa, RC, AD2), 12 (Cr, Sa, RC, AD3), 12, 13 and 14 (Cr, Sa, RC, AD1).
Gyalolechia flavovirescens
(Wulfen) Søchting, Frödén and Arup
Synonym:
Biatora flavofusca
(Schrad.) W. Mann,
Callopisma aurantiacum var. flavovirescens
(Wulfen) A. Massal,
Callopisma
flavovirescens f. detritum
A. Massal,
Caloplaca aurantiaca var. inalpina
(Ach.) H. Magn
, Caloplaca erythrella
(Ach.) Kieff,
Caloplaca
flavorubescens subsp. flavovirescens
(Wulfen) Clauzade and Cl. Roux,
Caloplaca flavovirescens
(Wulfen) Dalla Torre and Sarnth,
Caloplaca flavovirescens var. dinae
Sbarbaro,
Laundonia flavovirescens
(Wulfen) S. Y. Kondr, L. Lőkös and J.-S. Hur,
Lecanora
erythrella
(Ach.) Ach,
Placodium aurantiacum var. flavovirescens
(Wulfen) Hepp,
Placodium aurantiacum var. inalpinum
(Ach.) H.
Magn.
Literature: Described by Durieu (1846), Nylander (1854), Paris (1871), Gandoger (1883), Flagey (1888, 1896), Hue (1891),
Steiner (1902), Lapie (1909), Bouly de Lesdain (1911)Faurel et
al.
, (1953c), Egea et
al.
, (1990), Haina et Bendechach (2004).
Collected site: 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8 and 9 (Cr, Sa, RC, AD3), 12 (Cr, Sa, RC, AD2), 12, 13 and 14 (Cr, Sa, RC, AD1). A mainly
temperate species, it is found on weakly calcareous sandstone and shale, on boulders and walls, at relatively low altitudes.
Gyalolechia fulgens
(Sw.) Søchting, Frödén and Arup
Synonym:
Caloplaca fulgens
(Sw.) Körb,
Fulgensia fulgens
(Sw.) Elenkin;
Fulgensia vulgaris
A. Massal. and De Not,
Lecanora
fulgens
(Sw.) Ach,
Placodium fulgens
(Sw.) DC,
Psoroma fulgens
(Sw.) A. Massal,
Squamaria fulgens
(Sw.) Hook,
Squamaria fulgens
var. decipiens Anzi (Nimis, 2022).
Literature: Described by Montagne (1838), Boivin (1840), Durieu (1846), Nylander (1854, 1858b, 1878), Flagey (1888, 1891,
1896), Hue (1891), Steiner (1902), Maheu (1906), Bouly de Lesdain (1911), Werner (1949), Ajaj et al
.
(2007), Rebbas et al. (2011).
Collected site: 7, 8 and 9 (Cr, Sa, RC, AD2), 12 (Cr, Sa, RC, AD3), 12, 13 and 14 (Cr, Sa, RC, AD1). It is found on limestone and
thin soil layers, often in rock crevices.
Gyalolechia fulgida
(Nyl.) Søchting, Frödén and Arup
Synonym:
Caloplaca fulgida
(Nyl.) J. Steiner,
Fulgensia fulgida
(Nyl.) Szatala,
Lecanora fulgida
(Nyl.) Hue (Nimis, 2022).
Literature: Described by Paris (1871), Haina et Bendechach (2004).
Collected site: 2, and 7 (Cr, Sa, RC, AD+). It is mostly found in cracks, more rarely on the ground in dry grasslands.

Five New Species of Teloschistaceae Lichens from Algeria
Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 12(3), 2022
Kuettlingeria erythrocarpa
(Pers.) I.V. Frolov, Vondrák and Arup
Synonym:
Blastenia arenaria sensu.
Massal,
ABlastenia ferruginea
var. metabasis A.
Massal, Blastenia lallavei
(Clemente ex Ach.)
A. Massal,
Callopisma arenarium auct, Caloplaca arenaria
auct. p.p. non (Pers.) Müll. Arg,
Caloplaca erythrocarpa
(Pers.) Zwackh,
Caloplaca erythrocarpa f. diffractoareolata
B. de Lesd,
Caloplaca
lallavei (Clemente ex Ach.) Flagey,
Kuettlingeria lallavei
(Clemente
ex Ach.) Trevis,
Placodium lallavei
(Clemente ex Ach.) Anzi (Nimis, 2022).
Literature: Described by Flagey (1896), Egea et al., (1990), Haina and Bendechach (2004), Rebas et al., (2011).
Collected site: 3, 5, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15 and 16 (Cr, Sa, RC, AD4), 7 and 8 (Cr, Sa, RC, AD3). It is found on limestone,
dolomite, and sandstone, much more rarely on mortar and brick, on horizontal to slightly sloping faces.
Kuettlingeria teicholyta
(Ach.) Trevis
Synonym:
Blastenia teicholyta
(Ach.) Bausch,
Blastenia visianica
A. Massal,
Caloplaca arenaria
auct. ital. p.p. non (Pers.) Müll.
Arg,
Caloplaca erythrocarpa
auct. p.p. non (Pers.) Zwackh,
Caloplaca teicholyta
(Ach.) J. Steiner,
Caloplaca visianica
(A. Massal.)
Jatta,
Kuettlingeria visianica
(A. Massal.) Trevis (Nimis, 2022).
Literature: Described by Steinheil (1834), Boivin (1840), Durieu (1846), Nylander (1854, 1858b, 1864), Paris (1871), Flagey
(1888, 1891, 1896), Hue (1891), Steiner (1895), Bouly de Lesdain (1911), Werner (1949).
Collected site: 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15 and 16 (Cr, Sa, RS, AD4), 2, 3, 7 and 8 (Cr, Sa, RS, AD3). Considered an ancient coloniser
in warm exposed areas found on calciferous substrates, very rare on pure limestone, commonly found on sandstone and mortar,
especially on artificial substrates, walls, roofing tiles, brick walls.
Polycauliona polycarpa
(Hoffm.) Frödén, Arup and Søchting
Synonym:
Massjukiella polycarpa
,
Parmelia parietina var. polycarpa
(Hoffm.) Fr,
Physcia parietina var. pulvinata
A. Massal,
Xanthoria lychnea var. polycarpa
(Hoffm.) Th. Fr,
Xanthoria parietina var. polycarpa
(Hoffm.) Nyl,
Xanthoria polycarpa
(Hoffm.)
Rieber (Nimis, 2022).
Literature: Described by Flagey (1888, 1895, 1896), Hue (1900), Harmand (1909), Ait Hammou et
al.,
(2008, 2013), Serradj et
al.,
(2013), Boutabia et
al.,
(2015), Lograda et
al.,
(2015), Bendaikha and Hadjadj-Aoul (2016), Khedim et
al.,
(2018).
Collected site: 2 (Fo, Co,
PL, AD1). A species found on isolated trees and branches exposed to the sun, on wooden poles, near
agricultural and livestock areas, very nitrophilic.
Pyrenodesmia alociza
(A. Massal.) Arnold
Synonym:
Caloplaca alociza
(A. Massal.) Mig,
Lecaniella alociza
(A. Massal.) Jatta,
Lecanora variabilis f. ecrustacea
Nyl,
Placodium
variabi
var.
ecrustaceum
(Nyl.) Nyl,
Sporoblastia alocyza
(A. Massal.) Trevis (Nimis, 2022).
Literature: Described by Flagey (1888, 1896).
Collected site: 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11 and 12 (Cr, Sa, RC, AD4), 13, 14, 15 and 16 (Cr, Sa, RC, AD3). A species found on hard
limestone rocks in sunny and exposed areas, it is the most common species of the genus Pyrenodesmia.
Pyrenodesmie helygeoides
(Vain.) Arnold
Synonym:
Callopisma diphyodes
(Nyl.) Bagl. and Carestia sensu Baglietto and Carestia,
Caloplaca diphyodes
auct. ital. non (Nyl.)
Jatta,
Caloplaca diphyodes
var.
helygeoides
(Vain.) H. Olivier,
Caloplaca diphyodes
var.
helygeoides
(Vain.) H. Olivier;
Caloplaca
helygeoides
(Vain.) Dalla Torre and Sarnth (Nimis, 2022).
Literature: Formerly recognized as a
Caloplaca diphyodes
,
described by Flagey (1896).
Collected site: 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 11 and 12 (Cr, Sa, RS, AD3), 13, 14, 15 and 16 (Cr, Sa, RS, AD2). Found on siliceous rocks, a
non-aquatic species similar to Kuettlingeria diphyodes.
*Pyrenodesmia microstepposa
(Frolov, Nadyeina, Khodos. and Vondrák) Hafellner and Türk
The genus
Pyrenodesmia
is characterised by its crustose, endolithic to epilithic, thick thallus with short marginal lobes. The colour of
the thallus and apothecia varies between grey and brown, most lichens of the family Teloschistaceae (Ascomycota) produce yellow,
orange, red anthraquinone pigments, however, the genus
Pyrenodesmia
includes species in which the anthraquinone is absent and
replaced by a grey pigment (Sedifolia grey) (Frolov
et al., 2021). Vegetative diaspores are present in five species; apothecia are
produced by all species, but are less frequent in the soridiate, blastidiate species. This genus is found on inorganic substrates,
usually on calcareous rocks (Vondrák et al., 2019).

Five New Species of Teloschistaceae Lichens from Algeria
Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 12(3), 2022
In Algeria the species reported are
Pyrenodesmia agardhiana
var.
albopruinosa
Flagey (1896),
Pyrenodesmia agardhiana
var.
bullosa
Flagey (1896),
Pyrenodesmia chalybaea
(Fr.) A.Massal Flagey (1896), Werner (1949), Rebbas et al., (2011), (Amrani, et
al.,
2019).
Pyrenodesmia microstepposa
Syn:
Caloplaca microstepposa
Frolov, Nadyeina, Khodos. and Vondrák (Frolov et
al., 2016).
Description: Crustose, epilithic thallus, grey to grey-white, forming small rounded patches up to about 1 cm in diameter or
irregular patches up to several cm wide, thallus thickness is (447.4) 501.6-593.3-638.4 (649.2) μm, the algal layer is (35.2) 35.23-
49.29-58.3 (65.2) µm thick, the upper cortex is (14.2) 28.1-31.7-41.2 (49.8) µm, and the thickness of the medulla is (355.4) 380.3-
445.2-452.1 (461) µm Apothecia, zeorine or rarely biatorine, (0.52) 0.53-0.57-0.65 (0.72) mm in diameter, mature apothecia
adnate, rarely immersed or sessile, disc brown to black, thallin margin concolorous to the thallus (53.8)-77-81.5 (96.6) µm in
diameter, proper margin brown to black, epruinose disc diameter 564.5-501.8 µm, epithecium usually brown to grey-brown, 33.3-
44.7 µm, hymenium colourless 69.4-89.6 μm high, hypothecium colourless, with a central conical extension, 93.4-121.5 µm,
paraphyses rarely branched and anastomosed, the upper apical cells usually dead, the lower 1.5-2.5 µm, gradually widening to the
upper 3.5-5 µm, asci clavate, octospores of Teloschistes type 60.7-72 × 11.7-14.3 µm, spores eight per asci, colourless,
polarilocular, (13.1) 13.11-17.29 (17.3) × (6.3) 7.3-8.5 (8.7) µm, slightly rounded at the end, the septum (0.9) 0.95-1.53-2.4 (2.5)
µm wide, cytoplasmic channel in the equatorial thickening is still quite wide at (3.1) 3.14-3.2 (3.4) µm.
Chemical reactions: Thallus and apothecia R-, epithecium K+ brown-violet, hymenium I+ blue, hypothecium I+ blue.
Photobiont chlorococcid of (7) 8.45 -9.1-10.1 (10.3) µm.
Similar species:
Caloplaca micromontana
Frolov, Wilk and Vondrák. The thallus is generally thinner, less than 150 μm,
Apothecia 0.2-0.5 mm, this species is known for Europe and Asia as a mountain species at altitudes between 1700 and 2100 m.
Collected site: On pebbles and small stones in limestone, north-east exposure, altitude: 842 m, location: 34°55'48''N,
00°01'45''W, canton of El-ache, Doui-Thabet forest, Youb, province of Saïda, Algeria on (10/05/2021). Sites: 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11 and
12 (Cr, Sa, RC, AD4), 13, 14, 15 and 16 (Cr, Sa, RC, AD3).
Ecology:
Pyrenodesmia microstepposa
is known from the arid interior and semi-arid regions of Asia and from the dry interior
throughout Europe at altitudes up to 1000 meters. This species usually grows on calcareous pebbles and stones, rarely on concrete,
often in sunny and sun-exposed environments and in rocky steppes (Frolov et al., 2016).
Rufoplaca arenaria (Pers.) Arup, Søchting and Frödén
Synonym:
Blastenia arenaria
(Pers.) A. Massal,
Blastenia lamprocheila
(DC.) Arnold,
Caloplaca arenaria
(Pers.) Müll. Arg,
Caloplaca craspedia
(Ach.) Szatala,
Caloplaca ferruginascens
(Nyl.) H. Olivier,
Caloplaca lamprocheila
(DC.) Flagey,
Lecanora
lamprocheila
(DC.) Nyl (Nimis, 2022).
Literature: Described by Boivin (1840), Durieu (1846), Nylander (1854), Flagey (1888, 1891, 1896), Steiner (1902), Harmand
(1913), Werner (1949), Faurel et al.,
(1953b), Esnault and Roux (1987), Djellil (1989), Egea et al., (1990), Rebbas et
al.,
(2011),
Lograda et al., (2015).
Collected site: 9 and 8 (Cr, Sa, RS, AD1), 10 (Cr, Sa, RS, AD+). Found on calcified siliceous rocks.
*Usnochroma carphineum
(Fr.) Søchting, Arup and Frödén
The genus
Usnochroma Søchting Arup and Frödén
, is characterised by a crustos, pale yellow thallus without anthraquinones, the
etymology of this taxon is by the presence of usnic acid which gives the thallus the yellowish green color. The apothecia are
zeorines with a thin proper margin and a rusty orange disc, polarilocular spores with a very long septum. The thallus contains
gyrophoric acid and usnic acid, while the apothecia contain parietin. The genus Usnochroma comprises two species:
Usnochroma
carphineum
(Fr.) Søchting, Arup and Frödén et
Usnochroma scoriophila
(A. Massal.) Sochting, Arup and Froden (Arup et al., 2013).
The genus Usnochroma is reported for the first time in Algeria by the species Usnochroma carphineum in the forest of Doui Thabet.
Synonym:
Amphiloma carphineum
(Fr.) Bagl,
Callopisma carphineum
(Fr.) Trevis,
Caloplaca carphinea
(Fr.) Jatta,
Physcia
carphinea
(Fr.) A. Massal,
Squamaria carphinea
(Fr.) Boistel (Nimis, 2022).
Description: Thallus crustose, epilithic, placodioid, orbicular, well attached to the substrate, yellowish green to grey-white, 25-30
mm in diameter, the lobes 0.75-1.1 mm wide, long and narrow, fissured areolate, slightly wider at the tips, tightly attached to the
substrate, with a black hypothallus. Apothecia zeorine, sessile 0.5-0.8 mm in diameter, with a rusty-red to brown disc 0.43-0.45
mm, with a thin thalline margin of the same colour as the thallus 0.02 mm, and a proper margin lighter than the disc 0.43-0.45 mm.
Epithecium orange-brown, 23-47 µm thick, K+ red, hymenium colourless, 60-99 µm high, hypothecium colourless 52-140 µm thick,
bounded at the base by an algal layer 37-98 µm thick, paraphyses simple 2.79-3.45 µm in the lower part and sparsely branched on
the upper part, the apical cells slightly swollen 3.25-4.28 µm. Asci clavate, octospores of
Teloschistes
type. Size 67-106 × 12-19 µm.
Spores one-septate, ellipsoid, colourless, polarilocular, (10.5) 10.7- 12.3 (12.9) × (6.2) 6.3- 7.2 (7.8) µm, the septum 2.31-3.1 µm.
Chlorococcoides photobiont 10.36-10.72 µm in diameter. Chemical reactions: Thallus R-, epithecium K+ purple red, asci and
hymenium I+ blue (amiloid).

Five New Species of Teloschistaceae Lichens from Algeria
Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 12(3), 2022
Collected site: Found on large walls of subvertical siliceous rocks exposed to the sun, southern exposure, altitude: 975 m,
location: 34°54'56''N, 00°00'30''W, Canton of Ras el ma, forest of Doui-Thabet, Youb, province of Saïda, Algeria on (12/07/2021)
Loc. 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 (Cr, Sa, RS, AD2).14 and 16 (Cr, Sa, RS, AD1).
Ecology: Found on subvertical, sun-exposed cliffs and basaltic escarpments in warm regions of southern Europe. Found in the
thermo- and meso-Mediterranean (AFL, 2021), and subtropical to mild temperate, on hard siliceous rocks in exposed sites (Nimis,
2021).
Similar species
: Dimelaena oreina
differs by the black colour of the apothecia disc and the uniseptate brown spores (AFL, 2021).
Usnochroma scoriophila
has an upper cortex thickness of 50-80 µm, imbued with yellow grains, which makes it particularly
detachable. The algal layer is more fragmented with protruding parts (Breuss, 1989).
Variospora aurantia
(Pers.) Arup, Frödén and Søchting
Synonym:
Amphiloma aurantium
(Pers.) Müll. Arg,
Amphiloma callopisma
(Ach.) Körb,
Callopisma vulgaris
De Not,
Caloplaca
aurantia
(Pers.) Hellb,
Caloplaca aurantia
var. intermedia Zahlbr,
Caloplaca aurantia var. papillata
Poelt,
Caloplaca callopisma
(Ach.)
Th. Fr,
Gasparrinia aurantia
(Pers.) Syd,
Gasparrinia callopisma
(Ach.) Syd,
Klauderuiella aurantia
(Pers.) S. Y. Kondr. and J.-S. Hur,
Lecanora callopisma
Ach,
Placodium aurantium
(Pers.) Vain,
Placodium callopismum
(Ach.) Mérat (Nimis, 2022).
Literature: Described by Paris (1871), Flagey (1888, 1891, 1896), Steiner (1902), Bouly de Lesdain (1911), Andreánszky (1934),
Werner (1949), Rebbas et al., (2011), Lograda et al., (2015).
Collected site: 1, 3 and13 (Cr, Sa, RC, AD+).
Variospora flavescens
(Huds.) Arup, Frödén and Søchting
Synonym:
Amphiloma heppianum
Müll. Arg,
Caloplaca brevilobata
(Nyl.) Zahlbr,
Caloplaca flavescens
(Huds.) J.R. Laundon,
Caloplaca heppiana
(Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr,
Caloplaca sympagea
(Ach.) Sandst,
Gasparrinia heppiana
(Müll. Arg.) Verseghy,
Klauderuiella flavescens
(Huds.) S. Y. Kondr. and J.-S. Hur;
Lecanora heppiana
(Müll. Arg.) Hue,
Lecanora sympagea
Ach,
Physcia
callopisma
var.
centroleuca
A. Massal,
Physcia heppiana
(Müll. Arg.) Arnold,
Physcia murorum var. centrifuga
A. Massal,
Physcia
murorum var. detrita
A. Massal,
Placodium callopismum var. brevilobatum
(Nyl.) A.L. Sm,
Placodium callopismum var. plicatum
(Wedd.) Leight,
Placodium flavescens
(Huds.) A.L. Sm,
Placodium heppianum
(Müll. Arg.) Flagey (Nimis, 2022).
Literature: Described by Flagey (1888, 1891, 1896), Egea (1988), Egea et al. (1990).
Collected site: 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 11 12, 13, 14 and15 (Cr, Sa, RC, AD4), 7 and 8 (Cr, Sa, RC, AD2). A common species found on
limestone, dolomite, calciferous sandstone, sometimes also on synthetic substrates such as brick, mortar, tile, and on walls.
*Variospora glomerata
(Arup) Arup, Søchting and Frödén
The genus
Variospora
currently comprises twelve species and has recently been separated from
Caloplaca
s.lat. characterized by a
more or less fertile thallus without orange pigments. The species with lobed thallus resemble those of the genus
Calogaya
or even
Rusavskia
, but can be separated by the citriform spores or by the equatorial thickening of the spores. The crustacean species can
be confused with several other species. By the presence of sublobes or microlobes on the thallus (Arup et al., 2013).
In Algeria five species of the genus
variospora
are reported,
variospora aurantia
,
variospora dolomiticola
,
variospora flavescens,
variospora hallincola, variospora velana
(Amrani, Mark R. D. Seaward, et al., 2019), of which two species are reported for the first
time from the Saida province
variospora
aurantia, variospora
flavescens.
Discription: Epilitic crustose thallus consisting of adjacent areoles, yellowish orange, flat and polygonal, thick or slightly convex,
angular, some areoles rounded and convex. Apothecia zeorina lecanorine round to irregular in outline deformed by lateral pressure,
immersed in areoles 0.4 to 1.5 mm in diameter, clustered so that they can cover much of the thallus flat to slightly convex red-
orange disc, a slightly paler, smooth, very thin thallin margin, concolorous to the thallus, well-developed proper margin of the same
color of the disc prosoplectenchimatous structure, yellowish-brown epethecium 33-39 μm, colourless hypothecium 33-55um,
paraphyses simple articulated rarely branched or anastomosed 1.23-2.17, apical swollen cells 3.13-4.48 μm thick, asci Teloschistes-
type, octospores, clavate to cylindrical 56.80 × 7.71-14.64 µm, spores one septum, polarilocular, hyaline, ellipsoid to slightly
rhomboid, (10.9) 11.4-13.2 (14.1) × (3.8) 4.9-6.5 (7.3) μm, with thick apical walls, swollen at the septum, which is 4.24-4.97 µm
thick. Photobiont chlorococcid green alga 12.14-12.69 μm in diameter.
Chemical reactions: Thallus, apothecia, epithecium C-, K+ purple red. Hymenium, wall of asci, thollus I+ violet blue (amyloid).
Similar species:
Xanthocarpia interfulgens
apothecies Sessile 0.3-0.5 (-0.6) mm, spores one septum, 14.5-20 (-23) × 5-7 (-8)
µm, the septum 1-3 µm.
Caloplaca adelphoparasitica
apothecia 0.2-0.4 mm diameter, growing on
Caloplaca cretensis
,
Xanthocarpia
crenulatella
spores narrowly ellipsoid, 13-21 × 4.5-8.5 μm, the septum 1-3 μm thick, parasitic on
Verrucaria nigrescens
when young
(Nimis, 2021). This species is morphologically similar to
Caloplaca dolomiticola
but differs in spores with thick apical walls,
Caloplaca
latzelii
has biatorial apothecia and an endolithic thallus (Halici et al., 2014).

Five New Species of Teloschistaceae Lichens from Algeria
Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 12(3), 2022
Collected site: Found on invasive limestone outcrops of two species Rinodinella controversa and Heteroplacidium fusculum,
north-western exposure, altitude: 817 m, location: 34°52'55''N, 00°05'17''E, Canton of Sidi Ahmed Zegaï, Doui-Thabet forest, Youb,
Saïda province, Algeria on (10/05/2021). Sites: 1, 3, 4, 10, 11 12, 13, 14 and 15 (Cr, Sa, RC, AD4), 5, 6, 7 and 8 (Cr, Sa, RC, AD3).
Ecology: A mainly Mediterranean species found on limestone in circinaria calcarea communities, often invading the thallus of
various species of the Pyrenodesmia variabilis group; probably most widespread in southern Italy (Nimis, 2021). This species is
described from the Swedish islands of oland and gotland where it seems to be abundant at these localities (Navarro-Rosinés et
Hladun, 1992). Saxicolous, calcicolous, on limestone rocks, xerophilous or mesophilous, more or less heliophilous, heminitrophilous.
Mesomediterranean, supramediterranean and hill stages (Roux et al., 2017).
Xanthocarpia lactea
(A. Massal.) A. Massal
Synonym:
Blastenia lactea
(A. Massal.) Trevis,
Caloplaca lactea
(A. Massal.) Zahlbr,
Gyalolechia calcicola
Galløe nom. Inval,
Gyalolechia lactea
(A. Massal.) Arnold,
Placodium pyraceum var. lacteum
(A. Massal.) A.L. Sm (Nimis, 2022).
Literature: Described by Flagey (1896), Bouly (1911), Faurel et al., (1953c), Werner (1949, 1955), Haina and Bendechach
(2004).
Collected site: 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 12, 13 and 14 (Cr, Sa, RC, AD3), 15 and 16 (Cr, Sa, RC, AD2). Found on small limestone pebbles
in open habitats on stony ground in dry grasslands.
Xanthocarpia marmorata
auct
Synonym:
Caloplaca lactea f. fulva
(Harm.) Zahlbr,
Caloplaca lactea f. laetior
J. Steiner,
Caloplaca lactea f. rubra
(B. de Lesd.)
Zahlbr,
Caloplaca marmorata
auct. non (Bagl.) Jatta,
Gyalolechia lactea f. rubra
B. de Lesd,
Lecanora lactea f. fulva
Harm (Nimis,
2022).
Literature: Described by Bouly de Lesdain (1911).
Collected site: 1, 3, 5, 6, 7 and 8 (Cr, Sa, RC, AD2), 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16 (Cr, Sa, RC, AD1). This species is an early coloniser
of limestone pebbles in dry grasslands.
Xanthoria parietina
(L.) Th.Fr
Synonym:
Parmelia parietina
(L.) Ach,
Parmelia parietina var. vulgaris
Schaer,
Physcia parietina
(L.) De Not,
Physcia parietina var.
microphylla
(Flot.) Körb,
Physcia parietina var. platyphylla
(Wallr.) Körb. (Nimis. 2022).
Literature: Described by Steinheil (1834), Boivin (1840), Durieu (1846), Nylander (1854, 1858b, 1878), Jourdan (1866, 1867),
Semadi and Tahar (1995), Semadi et al. (1997), Tounsi and Benhabyles (2003), Serradj et al. (2013), Slimani et al. (2013),
Boutabia et al. (2015), Lograda et al. (2015), Ghennam and Abdoun (2017).
Collected site: 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 (Fo, Co, Ta, PH, PL, AD4), 13, 14, 15 and 16 (Fo, Co, PH, PL, AD3). Mainly
epiphytic found on well-lit trees (Fig. 3-7).

Five New Species of Teloschistaceae Lichens from Algeria
Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 12(3), 2022
Fig. 3.
Blastenia xerothermica.
Legends.
Blastenia xerothermica.
A
-
habitat, B-apothecia, C-section of apothecium, D-asci, E-
ascospore in cotton blue, F-ascospore and alga. Scale bars: A=2 mm, B=0.5 mm, C=200 μm, D=50 μm, E=20 μm, F=10 μm.
Fig. 4.
Caloplaca interna
Poelt and Nimis. Legends. Morphological and anatomical characters of the investigated specie. A-F,
Caloplaca interna
Poelt and Nimis; A, thallus and habitat, B, apothecium (K+red), C, cross section of apothecium hymenium amyloid
(I+blue); D, asci and paraphyses in red congo; E, asci amyloid(I+blue); F, ascospores polarilocular. Scale bar: A-2 mm, B-1 mm, C-
100 μm, D-50 μm, E and F-20 μm.

Five New Species of Teloschistaceae Lichens from Algeria
Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 12(3), 2022
Fig. 5.
Pyrenodesmia microstepposa.
Legends: Morphological and anatomical characters of the investigated specie. A-H,
Pyrenodesmia microstepposa
; A, thallus and habitat, B, apothecium, C, cross section of apothecium; D, cross section of thalus; E,
Photobiont chlorococcoid; F, Paraphyses in cotton blue; G, ascospores 1-septate, polarilocular, hyaline, ellipsoid; H, asci 8-spored,
clavate,
Teloschistes
-type. Scale bar: A-5 mm, B-0.2 mm, C-200 μm, D-500 μm, E-10 μm, F-50 μm, G-10 μm, H-20 μm.
Fig. 6.
Usnochroma carphineum
(Fr.). Legends: Morphological and anatomical characters of the investigated specie. A-F,
Usnochroma carphineum
(Fr.) Søchting, Arup and Frödén; A, thallus and habitat, B, apothecium, C, cross section of apothecium; D,
Paraphyses branched in upper part in red congo; E and F, ascospores 1-septate, polarilocular, hyaline, ellipsoid, asci 8-spored,
clavate,
Teloschistes
-type amyloid(I+blue). Scale bar: A-2 mm, B-0.5 mm, C-200 μm, D,E and F-20 μm.

Five New Species of Teloschistaceae Lichens from Algeria
Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 12(3), 2022
Fig. 7.
Variospora glomerata
(Arup). Legends: Morphological and anatomical characters of the investigated specie. A-F,
Variospora
glomerata
(Arup); A, thallus and habitat, B, apothecium(K+ red), C, cross section of apothecium; D, Paraphyses simple and Asci 8-
spored, cylindrical-clavate,
Teloschistes
-type in red congo; E, Asci amyloid(I+blue), F, ascospores 1-septate, polarilocular, hyaline,
ellipsoid often swollen at septum in red congo. Scale bar: A-2 mm, B-1 mm, C-200 μm, D-50 μm, E-20 μm and F-10 μm.
Conclusion
The diversity of Teloschistaceae in the Doui Thabet forest (Saida province, western Algeria) is very abundant on diverse substrates.
They are found in this region on terriculous and saxicolous types. During our sampling mission, five new species were recorded for
Algeria, as follows:
Blastenia xerothermica, Caloplaca intern, Pyrenodesmia microstepposa, Usnochroma carphineum
, and
Variospora glomerata.
The identification also revealed other species of the family Teloschistaceae reported for the first time for this
region. They are listed as follows:
Caloplaca cerina, Caloplaca rubelliana, Flavoplaca oasis, Gyalolechia flavovirescens, Gyalolechia
fulgens, Gyalolechia fulgida, Kuettlingeria erythrocarpa, Kuettlingeria teicholyta, Polycauliona polycarpa, Pyrenodesmia alociza,
Pyrenodesmie helygeoides, Rufoplaca arenaria, Variospora aurantia, Variospora flavescens, Xanthocarpia lactea, Xanthocarpia
marmorata, Xanthoria parietina.
The search for lichenic diversity constitutes a very important richness in medical potential. These
species are very fragile and very resistant to the most hostile environments; their presence constitutes a good marker of global
climate change.
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Citation:
Mouedden, R., Ayache, A., Benchohra, A.H., Toumi, F., Bendimred, F.Z. (2022). Five new species of teloschistaceae lichens from
Algeria.
Ukrainian Journal of Ecology.
12:74-86.
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