Fayodia gallaecicoloniana sp. nov. (Agaricales, Basidiomycota), from Galicia, Spain

Full text

Submitted 27 September 2020, Accepted 5 February 2021, Published 25 February 2021
Corresponding Author: Jaime B. Blanco-Dios – e-mail – jbbblancodios1@gmail.com 51
Fayodia gallaecicoloniana sp. nov. (Agaricales, Basidiomycota), from
Galicia, Spain
Blanco-Dios JB
Centro de Formación e Experimentación Agroforestal de Lourizán. Consellería do Medio Rural. Xunta de Galicia.
P.O. Box 127. 36003 Pontevedra, Spain
Blanco-Dios JB 2021 – Fayodia gallaecicoloniana sp. nov. (Agaricales, Basidiomycota), from
Galicia, Spain. Current Research in Environmental & Applied Mycology (Journal of Fungal
Biology) 11(1), 51–56, Doi 10.5943/cream/11/1/4
Abstract
Fayodia gallaecicoloniana, collected under Pinus patula, is illustrated and described as a
new species from Galicia (Spain) based on morphological data. A comparison with its
morphologically closely related taxa is also given.
Key words – Basidiomycota – Biodiversity – Europe – Taxonomy – Tricholomataceae
Introduction
Fayodia Kühner is a small genus in the phylogenetically defined family Tricholomataceae
(Agaricales) with a world-wide distribution but all the taxa are described from temperate regions.
According to Index Fungorum (2020), 12 taxa have been reported up to date (10 species and 2
variety). The genus Fayodia is characterized by omphalinoid, mycenoid or collybioid habit, pileus
brown, dark greyish brown to white, glabrous, lamellae adnate to decurrent, whitish to greyish,
stipe central, flexuous, context inamyloid, with or without clamps, basidiospores globose,
subglobose, ellipsoid, oblong to cylindrical, hyaline, with a complex wall structure composed of an
inner, amyloid or pseudoamyloid, ornamented (echinulate-verruculose) layer overlain by a smooth,
perisporial layer, basidia 2-spored or 4-spored, lamella-edge fertile, cheilocystidia and
pleurocystidia absent or present, hymenophoral trama regular, pileipellis an epicutis or ixocutis of
repent or semierect hyphae and lignicolous or terrestrial habitat (Pegler 1983, Bon 1997).
During the study of the mycota of the Pontevedra municipality, an unidentified species of
Fayodia was collected growing under a Pinus patula Schiede ex Schltdl. et Cham. plantation. An
extensively reviewing of the European and extra-European species of this genus (Favre 1948,
Horak 1962, Stevenson 1964, Singer 1965, 1969, Singer & Clemençon 1971, Bigelow 1979, Pegler
1983, Raithelhuber 1983, 1987, 2004, Bon 1997, Antonín 2004, Antonín & Nooordeloos 2004)
confirmed that no other published species matched the particular combination of macroscopic and
microscopic characteristics. Therefore, a new species for science is proposed in this contribution:
Fayodia gallaecicoloniana.
Materials & methods
Morphological analysis
The specimens were collected, documented and preserved using standard protocols.
Morphological descriptions are based on the study of the fresh material. Microscopic observations
Current Research in Environmental & Applied Mycology (Journal of Fungal Biology)
11(1): 51–56 (2021) ISSN 2229-2225
www.creamjournal.org Article
Doi 10.5943/cream/11/1/4

52
were recorded on fresh and/or dried material with standard methods (Noordeloos 1992, 2004),
using sections mounted in water or in a solution of 1% Congo Red in water after a short pre-
treatment in a 5% potassium hydroxide solution, in Melzer`s reagent or in 10 % NH4OH.
Basidiospores measurements (length, width, Q (quotient length/width), Qm = average quotient,
excluding ornamentation) were taken for 30 basidiospores on spore-print. Extreme values have
been noted between brackets when they represented no more than 10 % of the measurements.
Microscopic structures were drawn with help of a drawing tube. Author citations follow the IPNI
Authors Website (http://www.ipni.org/ipni/authorsearchpage.do) and the Index Fungorum Authors
of Fungal Names Website (http://www.indexfungorum.org/authorsoffungalnames.htm). The new
species name was deposited in MycoBank (http://www.mycobank.org/DefaultPage.aspx) while
faces of fungi number was registered as described in Jayasiri et al. (2015). The collected and
studied material has been deposited in the mycological herbarium LOU-Fungi (Centro de
Investigación Forestal de Lourizán, Consellería de Medio Rural, Pontevedra, Spain).
Results
Taxonomy
Fayodia gallaecicoloniana Blanco-Dios, sp. nov. Figs 1–3
MycoBank number: MB 815581; Facesoffungi number: FoF 09621
Etymology – gallaecicoloniana, dedicated to the Galician sailor Cristóbal Colón, discoverer
of America.
Habitus collybioideus. Pileus 9.5–15 mm latus, ab hemisphaericus ad convexus, truncatus,
umbilicatus, ochraceus, fibrillosus. Lamellae latae, emarginatae, ab albidae ad cremeae. Lamellulae
praesentes. Stipes 17.5–24 mm longus, 1–4 mm latus, subcylindraceus, ab albidus-cremeus ab
ochraceus-brunneus. Caro tenuis, ab albida ad brunneo-grisea, inmutabile exposita. Odor initio
cucumis et cumarinus, denique farinosus et anisatus. Sapor amarus et, ad finem, farinaceous.
Sporae 7.5–10.5 (12) × (4.5) 5.5–6.5 (7.5) μm, Q = 1.3-1.6 (1.8), Qm= 1.51, ellipsoidae, rarae
oblongae, hyalinae, amyloidae, spinulae acutae parce obvius exornatae. Basidia 22–45 × 8.5–12
μm, tetrasporigera, clavata vel subfusiformia, fibulata. Acies lamellarum heterogenea.
Queilocystidia 12.5–36.5 × 3–11.5 μm, flexuosa, subflexuosa ramosa, subclaviformia,
subcylindracea, subfusiformia, subsphaeropedunculata vel utriformia. Pleurocystidia 19–37 × 3.5–
15 μm, claviformia, lata claviformia, cylindracea, irregulariter cylindracea, rostrata,
sphaeropedunculata, irregulariter utriform vel utriform. Pileipellis ex hyphis cylindraceis cutem
formantibus 2–16 μm latis, pigmentum minute incrustans et/vel intracellularis. Caulocystidia 12–37
× 4.5–12 μm, claviformia, irregulariter fusiformia vel subcylindracea ramosa. Fibulae praesentes.
In Pinus patula nemoris crescens.
Holotype – Spain, Pontevedra, Pontevedra, Lourizán, on Pinus patula needle litter, on
granitic soil, 27 December 2015, J.B. Blanco-Dios (LOU-Fungi 21051).
Basidiomata collybioid. Pileus 9.5–15 mm broad, hemispherical to convex, truncate,
umbilicate, hygrophanous, dull, ochre, dark ochre or brown pale at center, translucently striate
almost to the middle, then pale ochre and not striate when dry, silky aspect, covered with fine
fibrils, denser in the center. Lamellae broad, emarginate, subdistant, slightly intervenose, whitish to
cream, edge concolourous and ondulate; lamellulae present. Stipe 17.5–24 × 1-4 mm, slender, long,
flexuous, slightly fistulose, fragile, glabrous, whitish to cream in the upper (finely whitish
furfuraceous closest to the pileus), ochre to pale brown on the bottom. Context very thin, 0.5–1 mm
thick at the pileus, whitish on the pileus and upper half of the stipe, brownish-gray on the rest,
inmutable when exposed. Smell first of cucumber and coumarin, then fresh flour and aniseed.
Bitter and lingering taste and strong farinaceous aftertaste. Basidiospore print whitish.
Basidiospores 7.5–10.5 (12) × (4.5) 5.5–6.5 (7.5) μm, Q = 1.3-1.6 (1.8), Qm = 1.51 (n=30),
ellipsoid, rarely oblong, with an obtuse apiculus, distinctly of two layers: echinulate-verruculose
epispore and smooth perispore; verruculae 0.4–0.8 μm high, hyaline in KOH. Basidia 22–45 × 8.5–

53
12 μm, 4-spored, clavate or subfusoid, clampled, sterigmata up to 8 μm long. Cheilocystidia
scattered, 12.5–36.5 × 3–11.5 μm, flexuous, subflexuous branched, subclavate, subcylindrical,
subfusiform, subsphaeropedunculate or utriform, thin-walled, hyaline. Pleurocystidia sparse, 19–37
× 3.5–15 μm, clavate, broadly clavate, cylindrical, irregular cylindrical, rostrate,
sphaeropedunculate, irregular utriform or utriform, thin-walled, hyaline. Hymenophoral trama
regular, composed of cylindrical or subcylindrical, thin-walled, smooth or incrusted hyphae, 2–17
μm wide. Pileipellis a cutis made up of cylindrical, subcylindrical to slightly fusoid, thin-walled
hyphae, 2–16 μm wide, smooth, minutely incrusted and/or intracellular pigment, greyish, ochre-
brown, ochre-greyish, pale ochre, ochre greenish in NH4OH, pale yellowish-brownish in KOH;
with adpressed to suberect clavate, broadly clavate, ovoid, sphaeropedunculate, globose or
subglobose terminal cells, 13–32 × 9–17 μm wide. Hyphae of subpileipellis composed of clavate,
cylindrical, ellipsoid, fusoid or subglobose, minutely incrusted, thin-walled to thick-walled, 1–21
μm wide cells. Stipitipellis a cutis of parallel or subparallel, cylindrical, subcylindrical to slightly
fusoid, thin- to thick-walled, smooth to minutely incrusted, 1.5–15 μm wide hyphae, pale yellowish
in KOH. Caulocystidia scattered, 12–37 × 4.5–12 μm, adpressed to erect, clavate, irregular fusiform
or subcylindrical branched. Clamp-connections present in all tissues. Chemical reactions: no part of
tissue dextrinoid or amyloid. Basidiospores with amyloid epispore and pseudoamyloid perispore.
Known distribution – So far only known from the type locality in Pontevedra (Spain).
Material examined – Spain, Pontevedra: Pontevedra, Lourizán, 29TNG2795, 50 m, on Pinus
patula needle litter, on granitic soil, 27 December 2015, J.B. Blanco-Dios (LOU-Fungi 21051,
holotype).
Fig. 1 – Basidiomata of Fayodia gallaecicoloniana in the field (LOU-Fungi 21051, holotype).

54
Fig. 2 – Longitudinal basidiomata sections of Fayodia gallaecicoloniana (LOU-Fungi 21051,
holotype).
Fig. 3 – Fayodia gallaecicoloniana (LOU-Fungi 21051, holotype). a Basidiospores. b Basidia.
c Cheilocystidia. d Pleurocystidia. e Caulocystidia. Scale bar = 10 μm.

55
Notes – This new species is unique with respect to the other known Fayodia species and can
be distinguished from other taxa with 4-spored basidia and not globose and/or subglobose
basidiospores by the following combination of features: (i) smell first of cucumber and coumarin,
then fresh flour and aniseed, (ii) bitter and lingering taste and strong farinaceous aftertaste, (iii)
basidiospores size (7.5–10.5 × 5.5–6.5 μm, Q = 1.3-1.6), ellipsoid, rarely oblong, (iv) versiform
cheilocystidia and pleurocystidia (v) caulocystidia clavate, irregular fusiform or subcylindrical
branched and (vi) specific substrata (Pinus patula needle litter).
All the European taxa known so far (Fayodia anthracobia (J. Favre) Knudsen (included var.
bisphaerigerella (M. Lange) Antonín & Noordel.), F. bisphaerigera (J.E.Lange) Singer (included
var. longicystis J. Favre) and F. campanella E. Horak) present globose or subglobose basidiospores
and bisporic basidia, while the extra-European species (except F. alutacea H.E.Bigelow and F.
fallax Raithelh.) show basidiospores with another shape and tetrasporic basidia. For this reason, we
believe that it is possible that Fayodia gallaecicoloniana was introduced in Spain with the
plantation of Pinus patula, an american pine (native to Mexico), cultivated in Europe and in other
parts of the world for the forest and ornamental interest.
Therefore, the closest taxa to F. gallaecicoloniana are five extra-European species with
tetrasporic basidia: Fayodia albidula (Pat.) Pegler, F. deusta Singer & Clémençon, F. tenuisperma
Singer and F. tetrasphaerigera Singer, described from America, and F. granulospora G. Stev.,
described from New Zealand. F. albidula differs particularly from F. gallaecicoloniana by having
white most of the pileus, stipe white, smell and taste none and larger basidiospores (10–12.5 × 6.5–
8.5 μm), obovoid to broadly ellipsoid, inamyloid, cheilocystidia subcylindric to slightly clavate,
with an obtusely rounded apex and habitat on rotting Sloanea branches (Pegler 1983); F. deusta is
characterized by lamellae gray, stipe dark-brown, taste smooth, narrower basidiospores (7–10.3 ×
3–4.7 μm), cylindrical to amygdaliform, cheilocystidia subcylindrical, hyphae clampless and
habitat on burnt trunk (Singer & Clemençon 1971); F. tenuisperma is different by having a pileus
and stipe dark gray, lamellae grayish, odor and taste non distinctive, smaller basidiospores (6.7–8 ×
3–3.5 μm), oblong, smaller basidia (15–19 × 4–5 μm), cheilocystidia and caulocystidia subulato-
subampullaceous and habitat on wood, caespitosus (Singer 1969); F. tetrasphaerigera is
distinguished by pileus and lamellae gray, stipe grayish, smell and taste none, globose or slightly
ellipsoid basidiospores (6.8–9 × 6.8–7.3 μm) and cheilo- and pleurocystidia clavate or clavate-
ventricosus and mucronatus (Singer 1965) and, finally, F. granulospora differs especially by
having a pileus campanulate, lamellae pale gray with waxy white coating, smell unpleasant, taste
non distinctive, much larger basidiospores (11–15 × 7–8 μm), ellipsoid to oblong, non-amyloid or
very weakly amyloid and habitat in newly-made lawn (Stevenson 1964).
Key to the world-wide species of Fayodia
1. Basidia 2-spored and basidiospores globose and/or subglobose ..................................................... 2
1º. Basidia 4-spored ............................................................................................................................. 6
2. Clamps absent (includes var. bisphaerigerella (M. Lange) Antonín & Noordel.) ............................
....................................................................................................... F. anthracobia (J. Favre) Knudsen
2º. Clamps present ............................................................................................................................... 3
3. Basidiospores up to 7.5 μm long ......................................................................... F. fallax Raithelh.
3º. Basidiospores > 7.5 μm long .......................................................................................................... 4
4. Basidiospores with wall three layered, in mixed woods. .......................... F. alutacea H.E. Bigelow
4º. Basidiospores with wall two layered .............................................................................................. 5
5. Omphalinoid or infundibuliform carpophores, in hardwood forests or peatbog (includes var.
longicystis J. Favre) .................................................................... F. bisphaerigera (J.E. Lange) Singer
5º. Mycenoid more or less campanulate carpophores, in coniferous forests .. F. campanella E. Horak
6. Basidiospores 6.8–9 × 6.8–7.3 μm, most globose .................................. F. tetrasphaerigera Singer
6º. Basidiospores with another shape .................................................................................................. 7
7. Basidiospores up to 10.5 μm long and 6.5 μm broad ...................................................................... 8

56
7º. Basidiospores > 10.5 μm long and 6.5 μm broad ......................................................................... 10
8. Basidiospores 6.7–8 × 3–3.5 μm, oblong ...................................................... F. tenuisperma Singer
8º. Basidiospores with another shape .................................................................................................. 9
9. Basidiospores 7–10.3 × 3–4.7 μm, cylindrical to amygdaliform .... F. deusta Singer & Clémençon
9º. Basidiospores 7.5–10.5 × 5.5–6.5 μm, ellipsoid ....................... F. gallaecicoloniana Blanco-Dios
10. Basidiospores 10–12.5 × 6.5–8.5 μm, obovoid to broadly ellipsoid ....... F. albidula (Pat.) Pegler
10º. Basidiospores 11–15 × 7–8 μm, ellipsoid to oblong ............................. F. granulospora G. Stev.
Acknowledgements
The author is grateful to Amancio Castro for technical assistance. Drs. Paul Kirk, Bernardo E.
Lechner, Nicolás Niveiro, François Valade and Helena Velayos are gratefully acknowledged for
kindly sending relevant literature. Two anonymous reviewers are thanked for helpful suggestions.
We express the most sincere thanks to the director and members of the Centro de Investigación
Forestal de Lourizán (Consellería do Medio Rural, Xunta de Galicia) for conserving the herbarium
LOU-Fungi.
References
Antonín V. 2004 – Notes on the genus Fayodia s.l. (Tricholomataceae) – II. Type studies of
European species described in the genera Fayodia and Gamundia. Persoonia 18 (3), 341–364.
Antonín V, Noordeloos ME. 2004 – A monograph of the genera Hemimycena, Delicatula, Fayodia,
Gamundia, Myxomphalia, Resinomycena, Rickenella and Xeromphalina (Tribus Mycenae
sensu Singer, Mycena excluded) in Europe. Éd. IHW, Eching (Allemagne), 280 p.
Bigelow HE. 1979 – Notes on Fayodia ss. lato. Mycotaxon 9(1), 38–47.
Bon M. 1997 – Les clitocybes, omphales et ressemblants. Tricholomataceae (2), Clitocyboideae.
Flore mycologique d’Europe, 4. Doc. mycol. Mem. hors ser. 4, 1–181.
Favre J. 1948 – Les associations fongiques des hauts-marais jurassiens et de quelques regions
voisines. Mater. Fl. Crypt. Suisse 10 (3), 1–228.
Horak E. 1962 – Fragmenta mycologica I. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Gattungen Fayodia Kühn.,
Cystoderma Fay., Rhodophyllus Quél, und Coprinus (Pers. ex Fr.) S.F. Gray. Z. Pilzk. 28 (1),
14–20.
Index Fungorum 2020 – http://www.indexfungorum.org (Accessed 20 August 2020).
Jayasiri SC, Hyde KD, Ariyawansa HA, Bhat J et al. 2015 – The Faces of Fungi database: fungal
names linked with morphology, phylogeny and human impacts. Fungal Diversity 74(1): 3–
18. Doi 10.1007/s13225-015-0351-8.
Noordeloos ME. 1992 – Entoloma s.l. Fungi Europaei, vol. 5. Giovanna Biella, Italy.
Noordeloos ME. 2004 – Entoloma s.l. Fungi Europaei, vol. 5a. Edizione Candusso, Italy.
Pegler DN. 1983 – Agaric flora of Lesser Antilles. Kew Bull. Add. Ser. IX, 406 p.
Raithelhuber J. 1983 – Über die Nomenklatur einiger Argentinischer Blätterpilze. Metrodiana
Sonderheft. 2, 1–24.
Raithelhuber J. 1987 – Flora Mycologica Argentina. Hongos I. Stuttgart. Mycosur.
Raithelhuber J. 2004 – Nueva Flora Micológica Argentina. Stuttgart. Mycosur.
Singer R. 1965 – Interesting and new Agaricales from Brazil. Atas do Imur 2, 15–59.
Singer R. 1969 – Mycoflora australis. Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia 29, 1–405.
Singer R, Clemençon H. 1971 – Neue Arten von Agaricales. Schweizerische Zeitschrift für
Pilzkunde 49, 118–128.
Stevenson G. 1964 – The Agaricales of New Zealand. V. Tricholomataceae. Kew Bulletin 19 (1),
1–59.