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Holistic Therapeutic Platform for the Cure of Mental
Illness According to Heidegger’s Philosophy
Fiolincia Fiolincia1 Rudy Trisno1*
1School of Architectural Engineering, Universitas Tarumanagara, West Jakarta, Indonesia
*Corresponding author. Email: rudyt@ft.untar.ac.id
ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic has an impact on the economy and mental health of the people. Since the emergence
of the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of sufferers of stress and depression has increased significantly. They
start to feel bored because they cannot socialize with other people and experience excessive anxiety due to the
COVID-19 virus pandemic. These factors are like a chain that never breaks and ultimately impacts people’s
mental health. People start to feel stressed and depressed because they have nowhere to let go of these problems.
Therefore, the purpose of this research is to solve the above problems, so we need a platform that can
accommodate sufferers of stress and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic, according to Heidegger’s
view of being and time. In this research process, researchers used the method; 1) Healing-garden concept; 2)
Aromatic healing flowers; 3) Metaphor in the form of Edelweiss; 4) Biophilic design concept. This study found
a holistic therapy platform that has a garden, as well as a place for healing with flowers’ aromatherapy, has
cross-ventilation, natural lighting, and a semi-outdoor area. That is proven to provide a sense of security from
exposure to the COVID-19 virus and providing good physical health.
Keywords: COVID-19; Healing Garden; Healing Flower; Cross Ventilation; Natural Light
1. INTRODUCTION
Stress and depression are some of the diseases that often
occur in society. A variety of factors can trigger stress and
depression. From 2020 to the present (May 2021), stress and
depression have increased due to the emergence of the
COVID-19 pandemic worldwide. Countries around the
world began to experience economic downturns as well as
human resource problems. Countries worldwide are
working to minimize the impact of the COVID-19
pandemic by implementing a Lockdown system, but in
Jakarta, the system is not implemented or used. Jakarta uses
the PSBB (Large-Scale Social Restrictions) system issued
by the Governor of DKI Jakarta, Anies Baswedan, in The
Governor’s Decree no. 19 of 2021 restrictions on outdoor
activities [1]. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a
decline in human resources, according to the Jakarta
COVID-19 Task Force, which confirmed that there were
1,174,770 sufferers with a death rate of 31,776 people. The
largest distribution area is DKI Jakarta as many as 280,261
people, followed by West Java with 157,611 people. The
most considerable death rate is in DKI Jakarta, with 4000
people with an age range of 31-60 years and above [2]. The
COVID-19 pandemic shows that many people have lost
their lives because of it, then there is a prohibition on social
interaction and staying at home slowly, but indeed this fact
can cause stress and depression. It happens intensely for
weeks, months, even years. Sufferers need a fixed place that
can be used both during a pandemic and without a
pandemic. A garden is considered suitable to meet their
needs amid the current pandemic conditions. A garden filled
with greenery, water, and aromatherapy flowers is used to
help sufferers relax
2. MATERIAL AND METHOD
2.1. Pantai Indah Kapuk, North Jakarta,
Indonesia
Site is located in the Pantai Indah Kapuk area, on Jalan
Pantai Indah Utara 3, right next to Pantai Indah Kapuk
Hospital. Site entry into public and social service zoning is
dominated by low to moderate housing zoning (Figure 1).
Figure 1. Pantai Indah Kapuk Area
Source: Google Earth, accessed on March 3rd, 2021
Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 655
3rd Tarumanagara International Conference on the Applications of Social Sciences and Humanities (TICASH 2021)
Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Atlantis Press SARL.
This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license -http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. 81
Pantai Indah Kapuk area, especially Jalan Pantai Indah
Utara 3, is an area that has the largest green areas and is the
area with the lowest number of tall buildings. The location
adjacent to the hospital has a positive impact because the
hospital does not serve diseases due to mild stress (mainly
due to the pandemic). This location has a significant impact
[3] on the Holistic Therapeutic Platform for the Cure of
Mental Illness. With the being of existence to fulfil the
needs of sufferers of stress and depression, that is why they
are, and they are received directly by nature just as
Heidegger said about the philosophy of “Being and Time”.
Heidegger said that “being” is also called existence,
existence and “being” is time, so that everything “being”
can only be understood when “being” exists on this earth so,
“being” and “time” are interrelated. In the book, Heidegger
for Architecture, buildings and residences take place
simultaneously all the time [4]. Heidegger said that being
could be placed because the act of being can see the place
itself. This human experience will refer to the place itself
[5]; Residence is a place where everyone will find comfort.
Heidegger argues that the way we live on this earth is our
way [6]. If we draw a common thread, there is a relationship
between time and being in the condition pandemic state.
2.2. Covid-19, Stress & Depression
Heidegger said that existence is a way of dwell every human
being, but over time the essence of that dwell disappears.
We can see from the ways the dwelling changed during the
COVID-19 pandemic. As reported by WHO, COVID-19 is
an infectious disease. The virus is spread mainly through
droplets of saliva or fluid from the nose when an infected
person coughs or sneezes. Most people infected with this
virus experience mild to moderate respiratory diseases [7].
WHO says, “Try to get a cross breeze so that air coming in
from one window moves across the room and exits from
another window“ [8] and The Forbes article states that the
COVID 19 virus cannot survive in the sun, so it can be said
that sunlight is a natural disinfectant [9].
COVID-19 virus is very contagious, people are required to
stay at home, but increasingly people start experiencing
stress and depression [10]. Depression is an emotional
disorder or bad mood characterized by prolonged sadness,
hopelessness, and feelings of guilt. Depression has six
stages with various types; the six stages of depression [11],
namely:
Stage 1: The lightest stage of stress, having a great desire.
Stage 2: Depression stage accompanied by complaints, such
as fatigue.
Stage 3: The stress stage has complaints such as emotions,
insomnia, and difficulty sleeping.
Stage 4: The stress stage is accompanied by complaints such
as loss of concentration and difficulty sleeping.
Stage 5: The stress stage is accompanied by physical and
mental exhaustion.
Stage 6: The stress stage is accompanied by signs of a racing
heart and shortness of breath.
Referring to the magnitude of the symptoms that arise due
to stress and depression, the method used to assist the
healing process is a Healing Garden.
2.3. Healing Garden & Flower
Healing Garden is a healing garden concept that uses green
vegetation, water, and flowers [12]. Adam Sharr said in his
book that Heidegger gives an example of the Mountain
Walk Black Forest where nature and the whole have marked
a sign and path through others or animals. Now and then,
they will get lost, but they find a bright spot and a way out
[5]. Like with that philosophy, sometimes we get lost in the
problem and become stressed, but likewise, nature already
provides the best way to help solve the problem even in
different aspects that are garden and nature.
In the garden, there are flowers with all fragrances that can
provide therapy to sufferers, such as:
a. Roses
Roses can relieve fatigue and anxiety disorders. This
flower affects the sufferer in terms of sight and smell.
Its attractive colour and sweet fragrance can help relieve
stress. Inhaling aromatherapy roses for 10 minutes in 5
consecutive days can lower stress levels [13].
b. Lavender
Lavender is often used as an aromatic indoors. Lavender
flowers can calm the nerves and mind. This flower
affects the sufferer through a very fragrant aroma to help
sufferers be more relaxed and calmer. Giving lavender
aromatherapy can reduce insomnia and improve sleep
quality [14].
c. Passionflower (Passiflora incarnata)
Passionflower can calm nerves and mind. This flower
affects sufferers through its shape and its fragrant smell
when drunk to make us more relaxed. According to
Hajiaghaee & Akhondzadeh [15] passionflower has
shown promising effects for treating sleep disorders and
anxiety.
d. Chamomile
Chamomile aromatherapy is often used to treat sleep
disorders, pain relief, digestive problems, and pan-ic.
This flower affects the sufferer through its simple form
and also smells good when we drink it. It is stated that
chamomile aromatherapy can help reduce anxiety levels
by inhaling its fragrance [16].
e. Gerbera
The gerbera flower serves to provide happiness and
clean air so that the air carried through the cross-
ventilation becomes clean air and can reduce the spread
of COVID 19. This flower affects the sufferer through
vision, with varying flower colours. It is explained that
gerbera helps insomniacs sleep better [17].
The flowers listed above are used in the treatment process,
but there is something to be done besides undergoing
therapy to have faith in healing and that we as humans, both
healthy and sick, still have to struggle. This struggle helps
us to be healthy again. This symbol of struggle is reflected
in the metaphor applied to the Edelweiss flower.
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2.4. Metaphor Tangible & Biophilic Concept
Building figures are created for the relaxation process. The
concept of form and function going together where the
relationship between each function and form is seen
independently and runs simultaneously [18]. Then this is
realized by using the tangible metaphor concept [19]. A
tangible metaphor is a metaphor whose form can be seen
immediately so that the message can be felt immediately by
using the primary form of the edelweiss flower to convey a
message about the struggle.
Heidegger said, the figure of a building represents human
existence, is built according to human needs, then shapes
their lives, and continues to shape the building through their
daily work [5]. The Biophilic concepts use as supporting
concepts. This concept is an architectural approach that
seeks to bring humans closer to nature. This concept is
intended to create a more productive and healthier built
environment for humans [20] by using six aspects from 14
existing aspects as follow; a) Visual Connection with
nature; b) Presence of water; c) Dynamic & diffuse light; d)
Connection with the natural system; e) Biomorphic forms
& patterns; f) Material connection with nature.
2.5. RESEARCH METHOD
Based on the theoretical review above, the qualitative
research method uses a case study with the following
details; 1) Healing Garden Concept; 2) Aromatic Healing
Flower; 3) Metaphor Tangible Edelweiss; 4) Biophilic
Design Concept.
3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
This chapter discusses the methods used in the research
process both in terms of how to create a place that provides
a sense of security from exposure to the COVID 19 virus,
and achieve a connection with nature and thus create a
holistic therapeutic platform that is safe and can help
sufferers of stress and depression.
3.1. Healing Garden Concept
The Healing Garden (Figure 2) concept is a garden concept
with green vegetation, flowers, and water used to help the
healing process of stress and depression. Activities that
occur in gardens are healing activities that are passive to
active, such as view the garden from the window, sitting
outdoor, meditation, rehabilitation exercises, walk to a
specific area, read, walkway, children playing in the garden,
gardening and moderate exercise [21].
Figure 2. Healing Garden
Source: Author, 2021
Description of the space used to give the sufferer a sense of
calm and relaxation. The following are some of the
activities carried out in the healing garden, namely:
a. Garden view is seen from a window
The use of glass provides a link between the outside of
the building into the building. This glass figure can help
in the process of connecting with nature, releasing
boredom, calmness, children playing, seeing flowers,
and greenery that give a calming effect.
b. Outdoor Sitting Area
Sufferers can feel the wind, see plants, and feel the smell
of nature. The provision of outdoor sitting is intended to
help sufferers be more attached and connected to nature
and help self-relaxation.
c. Meditation in Healing Garden
Meditation activities in the healing area have been
shown to help relieve stress and depression, the wind,
the smell of flowers, and nature. It is said that sufferers
who do meditation have a good level of stress reduction;
they become calmer, accessible to rest, patient, a body
more relaxed, and not quickly tired [22].
d. Walkway
They can take a stroll in any area of the building. This
activity can help relieve stress and depression by having
a new space experience to become less saturated and
more relaxed
e. Reading Area
The provision of reading rooms in both public and
private reading areas are used to help eliminate the
effects of stress and depression, such as excessive
enthusiasm. Reading could help lower stress levels, and
that reading aloud can also help reduce stress and
depression [23].
f. Physical exercise
Physical exercise helps in the process of letting go and
relaxing. Good exercise regularly can increase the
endorphin hormone, which helps lower stress levels in
sufferers [24]. Physical exercise can help a person be
happier, more positive, and have a mental health
condition [25].
3.2. Aromatic Healing Flower
Heidegger said in his philosophy that nature and everything
has signs and marked paths [5]. Nature also provides
everything in it, be it flowers, water, air, or light. Therefore,
the use of healing flowers is aimed at meeting the sufferer’s
needs. Aromatic fragrances are believed to help relieve
symptoms of stress and depression, such as relaxing
Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 655
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sufferers. The flowers are placed according to their unique
shapes and colours, and the flowers consist of roses with
charm, lavender with fragrance, passionflower with its
shape, chamomile flower with its simplicity, and gerbera
with its colour (figure 3).
Figure 3. Flower Laying Plan on Healing Garden 1st Floor
Source: Author, 2021
3.3. Metaphor Tangible Edelweiss
Edelweiss flower is a flower that symbolizes love and
struggle. The meaning of a flower can survive to fight for
its life in extreme conditions, such as being in barren land
and highlands, so it means a flower that pays attention to
struggles. Humans and flowers themselves struggle with
each other, struggle to gain and survive; sufferers of stress
and depression also have to struggle to cope with their
psychic health.
Although the edelweiss flower does not have a healing or
relaxing effect, it can be said that it is also a therapeutic
flower, where the sufferer reconciles with reality and begins
to have the will to struggle. The expression of this building
is a silent witness where the struggle is for everyone, the
struggle to help sufferers recover (Figure 4)
Figure 4. Building Expression from top and Edelweiss
Flowers
Source: Author, 2021
3.4. Biophilic Design Concept
The use of biophilic design concepts can assist in the
application of this philosophy of Heidegger. The biophilic
design concept is an architectural concept that helps facility
users to be closer to nature. In the book The Practice of
Biophilic Design, it is stated that the benefits of biophilic
design focus on human adaptation to nature, which begins
to develop over time and has helped improve human health,
fitness, and well-being [26]. This concept has 14 patterns in
which six patterns can support physical and psychological
health [20], as follows:
a. Visual Connection with Nature
Having a lot of openness and transparency can give
visual access to nature well. Visual limitations can
provide comfort and help lower blood pressure and heart
rate [27]. In addition to relieving stress, openings also
have a good impact in preventing the transmission of
COVID-19 by creating cross-ventilation from outdoor
to indoor and vice versa and providing access to natural
light.
b. Presence of Water
The sound of water gurgling and water droplets can
lower the level of stress and depression. It is said that
the sound of water splashing has a relaxing and calming
effect on a person. The sound of water droplets or
consisting of droplets gives a calming effect and makes
it easier for a person to fall asleep [28].
c. Dynamic & Diffuse Light
A building figure with many openings that allow natural
light can enter the area maximally and provide an added
effect of visual comfort [29] and promising to help
reduce the spread of COVID-19, where can kill existing
virus particle by using natural light. If space or area is
not reached by natural light, it can use UV light.
d. Connection with Natural System
The figure of the building has an area in direct contact
with nature, and it can help relieve stress because there
is no barrier between humans and nature itself. It is
combined with garden elements for a soothing, healthy,
and fit effect. This area can break down the density of
activities and keep social distancing in the indoor area
to minimize the possibility of transmission of the
COVID-19 virus.
e. Biomorphic Forms & Patterns
A model is taken from nature or science to find a new
building form [30]. This natural shape is a circular shape
that can relieve stress in a room.
f. Material Connection with Nature
According to Heidegger’s view, using materials from
nature is one way of understanding the world around
him [5]. The use of natural ingredients can add comfort
and can help lower blood pressure [31], and It is said
that the play of textures on the walls and floors has a
good influence on the sense of taste so that it gives a
fresh and healthy effect [28].
The building figure describes the overall atmosphere of the
summary in a tangible form taken from the whole theory
above. The whole theory has a good impact on the figure of
the building that can provide benefits for both physical and
psychic health.
4. CONCLUSION
COVID-19 is a hazardous virus; the COVID-19 pandemic
will not quickly disappear or subside. Every day, it is
confirmed that there are exposed people or die from
COVID-19. The certainty that this pandemic cannot go
away quickly leads to a significant increase in stress and
depression. Many people experience anxiety about how safe
a place is to be safe from exposure to COVID-19 and
whether it can also help relieve stress and depression.
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Therefore, it can be said that a holistic therapy platform is
the best solution. Based on Heidegger’s philosophy that the
figure of a building represents human existence, built
according to human needs, then shapes his life. Therefore,
this platform was formed based on public anxiety about
mental health problems and the need for a sense of security
from the COVID-19 virus. Healing Gardens is intended to
help sufferers relax, and aromatherapy from flowers
supports this process.
The figure of the building uses the biophilic concept, where
this concept prioritizes natural air circulation and natural
lighting to prevent the COVID-19 pandemic. Each opening
uses the concept of cross ventilation and natural lighting
centered on a healing garden. The healing garden has a
significant enough area to reduce the room’s density, and
social distancing can still be applied. Therefore, the findings
in this study are a holistic therapy platform that has a garden
and a place for healing with flowers’ aromatherapy, has
cross-ventilation, natural lighting, and a semi-outdoor area.
That is proven to provide a sense of security from exposure
to the COVID-19 virus and providing good physical health.
Good mentally, it can help relieve stress, depression and aid
in the self-relaxation process.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Thank you to LPPM-UNTAR (Institute for Research and
Community Service - Tarumanagara University) for
funding this research.
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