Bungarus walli, Sind Krait

Abstract

This species is listed as Least Concern because it has a wide distribution and it is unlikely that the identified threats are affecting the population to a degree that would warrant listing in a threatened category. Research is needed to resolve the taxonomic issues regarding this species.

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The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™
ISSN 2307-8235 (online)
IUCN 2021: T127914642A127914645
Scope(s): Global
Language: English
Bungarus walli, Sind Krait
Assessment by: Ghosh, A., Giri, V., Limbu, K., Hasan, M.K. & Wangyal, J.
View on www.iucnredlist.org
Citation: Ghosh, A., Giri, V., Limbu, K., Hasan, M.K. & Wangyal, J. 2021. Bungarus walli. The IUCN
Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T127914642A127914645.
https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T127914642A127914645.en
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Taxonomy
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family
Animalia Chordata Reptilia Squamata Elapidae
Scientific Name:ÊÊBungarus walli Wall, 1907
Synonym(s):
• Bungarus sindanus ssp. walli Wall, 1907
Common Name(s):
• English: Sind Krait
Taxonomic Source(s):
Uetz, P., Freed, P. and Hošek, J. (eds). 2021. The Reptile Database. 22 May 2021. Available at:
http://www.reptile-database.org. (Accessed: 9 July 2021).
Taxonomic Notes:
Bungarus sindanus walli Wall, 1907, has recently been treated as a full species (Wallach et al. 2014,
Ahsan and Rahman 2017) and this scheme is tentatively followed here.
Assessment Information
Red List Category & Criteria: Least Concern ver 3.1
Year Published: 2021
Date Assessed: September 7, 2019
Justification:
This species is listed as Least Concern because it has a wide distribution and it is unlikely that the
identified threats are affecting the population to a degree that would warrant listing in a threatened
category. Research is needed to resolve the taxonomic issues regarding this species.
Geographic Range
Range Description:
This species has been reported from Bangladesh, India and Nepal (Wallach et al. 2014) and is recorded
up to 100m above sea level (Wall 1907). It is a common species in Tangail and Sirajganj districts (Ahsan
and Rahman 2017) In India this species is known from Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Orissa and
West Bengal (Whitaker and Captain 2004). Ahsan and Rahman (2017) reported records from Barisal,
Jessore, Khulna, Sirajganj and Tangail districts in Bangladesh; records also exist from Gazipur, Dinajpur,
Rajshahi, Rangpur, Chittagong, Laxmipur, Noakhali, Khulna and Wide (IUCN-Bangladesh 2015, Hasan et
al. 2014, Khan 2018). It has recently been recorded in Bhutan at 150 m of elevation (J. Wangyal pers.
comm. 2019).
Country Occurrence:
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Bungarus walli – published in 2021.
https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T127914642A127914645.en
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Native, Extant (resident): Bangladesh; India; Nepal
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Bungarus walli – published in 2021.
https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T127914642A127914645.en
2

Distribution Map
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Bungarus walli – published in 2021.
https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T127914642A127914645.en
3

Population
There are no data on population size and trends for this species. It is uncommon in India and common in
eastern Nepal.
Current Population Trend:ÊÊUnknown
Habitat and Ecology (see Appendix for additional information)
It inhabits forests, agricultural fields, and rural and urbanized areas. It is venomous.
Systems:ÊÊTerrestrial
Use and Trade (see Appendix for additional information)
There is not suspected to be any substantial use or trade in this species.
Threats (see Appendix for additional information)
Habitat destruction through forest clearing and alteration, infrastructure development, agricultural
expansion, and persecution.
Conservation Actions (see Appendix for additional information)
There are no conservation measures in place for this species. It has not been recorded in protected
areas. Further studies are recommended to resolve the taxonomic uncertainties regarding this species.
Credits
Assessor(s): Ghosh, A., Giri, V., Limbu, K., Hasan, M.K. & Wangyal, J.
Reviewer(s): Cox, N.A.
Facilitator(s) and
Compiler(s):
Tognelli, M.F.
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Bungarus walli – published in 2021.
https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T127914642A127914645.en
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Bibliography
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Bungarus) in Bangladesh. Journal of Threatened Taxa 9(3): 9903-9910.
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Desert, Pakistan. Russian Journal of Herpetology 15(3): 193-205.
Boulenger, G. A. 1897. A new krait from Sind (Bungarus sindanus). Journal of the Bombay Natural
History Society 11(1): 73-74.
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3-499.
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Bungarus sindanus walli from Nagpur District, Maharashtra, India. Reptile Rap 18: 40-42.
Hasan, M.K., Khan, M.M.H. and Feeroz, M.M. 2014. Amphibian and Reptiles of Bangladesh: A Field
Guide. Arannayk Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh: 191.
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(Accessed: 09 December 2021).
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Khan, M.A.R. 1992. Bangladesher Shap (Snakes of Bangladesh) [in Bengali]. Bangla Academy, Dhaka.
Khan, M.M.H. 2018. Photographic Guide to the Wildlife of Bangladesh. Arannayk Foundation, Dhaka,
Bangladesh: 488.
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Pakistan. The Snake 18: 118-125.
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Kuch, Ulrich 2004. Bungarus sindanus Boulenger, 1897, an addition to the venomous snake fauna of
Afghanistan. Herpetozoa 16(3/4): 171-173.
Kuch, U., Kizirian, D., Nguyen, Q.T., Lawson, R., Donnelly, M.A. and Mebs, D. 2005. A new species of krait
(Squamata: Elapidae) from the Red River System of Nothern Vietnam. Copeia 2005(4): 818-833.
Pitman, C.R.S. 1913. Kraits in the Dera Ismail Khan District. Journal of the Bombay Natural History
Society 22: 636.
Sharma, R.C. 2004. Handbook of Indian Snakes. Akhil Books, New Delhi.
Sharma, S.K., Pandey, D.P., Shah, K.B., Tillack, F., Chappuis, F., Thapa, C.L., Alirol, E. and Kuch, U. 2013.
Venomous Snakes of Nepal. A photographic Guide. B.P. Kolrala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan.
Slowinski, J B. 1994. A phylogenetic analysis of Bungarus (Elapidae) based on morphological characters.
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Bungarus walli – published in 2021.
https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T127914642A127914645.en
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Sub-Region. Reptilia and Amphibia. 3 (Serpentes). Taylor and Francis, London.
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Species. Taylor & Francis, CRC Press.
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Wall, F. 1907a. Notes on Snakes collected in Fyzabad. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 18:
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Citation
Ghosh, A., Giri, V., Limbu, K., Hasan, M.K. & Wangyal, J. 2021. Bungarus walli. The IUCN Red List of
Threatened Species 2021: e.T127914642A127914645. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-
3.RLTS.T127914642A127914645.en
Disclaimer
To make use of this information, please check the Terms of Use.
External Resources
For Supplementary Material, and for Images and External Links to Additional Information, please see the
Red List website.
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Bungarus walli – published in 2021.
https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T127914642A127914645.en
6

Appendix
Habitats
(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)
Habitat Season Suitability Major
Importance?
1. Forest -> 1.6. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland Resident Suitable -
14. Artificial/Terrestrial -> 14.1. Artificial/Terrestrial - Arable Land Resident Suitable -
14. Artificial/Terrestrial -> 14.3. Artificial/Terrestrial - Plantations Resident Suitable -
14. Artificial/Terrestrial -> 14.4. Artificial/Terrestrial - Rural Gardens Resident Suitable -
14. Artificial/Terrestrial -> 14.5. Artificial/Terrestrial - Urban Areas Resident Marginal -
Threats
(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)
Threat Timing Scope Severity Impact Score
1. Residential & commercial development -> 1.1.
Housing & urban areas
Ongoing Majority (50-
90%)
Slow, significant
declines
Medium
impact: 6
Stresses: 1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation
2. Agriculture & aquaculture -> 2.1. Annual &
perennial non-timber crops -> 2.1.3. Agro-industry
farming
Ongoing Majority (50-
90%)
Slow, significant
declines
Medium
impact: 6
Stresses: 1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation
5. Biological resource use -> 5.1. Hunting & trapping
terrestrial animals -> 5.1.3. Persecution/control
Ongoing - - Low impact: 3
Stresses: 2. Species Stresses -> 2.1. Species mortality
Conservation Actions in Place
(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)
Conservation Action in Place
In-place land/water protection
Occurs in at least one protected area: No
Research Needed
(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)
Research Needed
1. Research -> 1.1. Taxonomy
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Bungarus walli – published in 2021.
https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T127914642A127914645.en
7

Research Needed
1. Research -> 1.2. Population size, distribution & trends
1. Research -> 1.3. Life history & ecology
Additional Data Fields
Distribution
Lower elevation limit (m): 150
Upper elevation limit (m): 150
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Bungarus walli – published in 2021.
https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T127914642A127914645.en
8

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™
ISSN 2307-8235 (online)
IUCN 2021: T127914642A127914645
Scope(s): Global
Language: English
The IUCN Red List Partnership
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ is produced and managed by the IUCN Global Species
Programme, the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) and The IUCN Red List Partnership.
The IUCN Red List Partners are: ABQ BioPark; Arizona State University; BirdLife International; Botanic
Gardens Conservation International; Conservation International; Missouri Botanical Garden;
NatureServe; Re:wild; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Sapienza University of Rome; Texas A&M University;
and Zoological Society of London.
THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Bungarus walli – published in 2021.
https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T127914642A127914645.en
9