SOCIAL MEDIA ADVERTISIMENTS IN TERMS OF AIMS AND AREAS: A PLATFORM BASED REVIEW

Abstract

Digital technologies are transforming the marketing operations and competitive landscape radically (Iqbal et al., 2020). Digital media with more functional and accurate metrics (Gillpatrick, 2019), easy reach to target audiences (Deepika and Srinivasan, 2018), quickly start the campaign (Balakrishnan et al., 2014) and interactivity (Esen et al., 2018) have provided new marketing opportunities. The main digital media channel that create these new opportunities is social media. Social media, that is the representative of communication and interaction in virtual channels, has gone far beyond the entertainment dimension, which is one of the main purposes of its emergence (Dabner, 2012:69). No marketing professional design a marketing campaign or strategy without social media. While social media is constantly developing and affecting the flow of life; media, communication, marketing, and especially advertising activities reveal a significant transformation (Deepika and Srinivasan, 2018:78). Because social media has created an area where instant feedback can be obtained, much more effective and faster feedback is provided instead of long and costly research, being determined of tastes and preferences much faster and being performed of market segmentation more effectively and accurately (Boughman, 2010:933). It can be said that social media has become the main weapon of marketing in all kinds of consumption and consumer groups, from promoting a product to the announcement of a politician's election campaign and even expanding the fan base of a pop singer (Evans and McKee, 2010:3236). After the consumer realizes, evaluates and decides to buy, the shares he/she makes on social media about the experiences such as usage experience, satisfaction, recommending/not recommending are followed by the businesses and the marketing processes are planned by analyzing the feedback (Evans, 2008:48).
Along with social media, there has been a new generation trend towards web-based social media software from traditional methods (Quy and Le, 2019:62). As a matter of fact, the interaction situation that did not exist in Web 1.0 gave birth to Web 2.0, thus the applicability of feedback and interaction on the internet has emerged. The speed of feedback and the ease of finding and analyzing target customers (Boughman, 2010) have brought along important opportunities in the field of advertising. In this context, the advantages of social media for effective advertising have made it an indispensable tool for marketers today. The importance of social media advertisements for marketers necessitates its use in the right purposes and areas. For this reason, in our study, social media advertisements, which are one of the most effective marketing activities of today, have been examined according to their purposes and the areas in which they are displayed. In this context, a review was made on the advertising tools of YouTube, Facebook, Instagram and Tiktok platforms which have the most users in the world and in Turkey (B social, 2021). Within this scope, it is aimed to support researchers and practitioners to better understand the functionality of social media ads and to make more accurate analyzes.

Full text

BUSINESS WORLD STUDIES IN
THE SCOPE OF MANAGEMENT,
TRADE AND MARKETING
EDITOR
Safa Acar
AUTHORS
Alireza Moghaddasi
Gulhan Bizel
Hüseyin Emin Kurnaz
Maya Katenova
Majd Zeitouny
Mehmet Ali Uslu
Safa Acar
Soundarya Srinivasan
Tolga Şentürk

BUSINESS WORLD STUDIES IN THE SCOPE OF
MANAGEMENT, TRADE AND MARKETING
EDITOR
Safa Acar
AUTHORS
Alireza Moghaddasi
Gulhan Bizel
Hüseyin Emin Kurnaz
Maya Katenova
Majd Zeitouny
Mehmet Ali Uslu
Safa Acar
Soundarya Srinivasan
Tolga Şentürk

Copyright © 2022 by iksad publishing house
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
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Iksad Publications – 2022©
ISBN: 978-625-8405-72-9
Cover Design: İbrahim KAYA
March / 2022
Ankara / Turkey
Size = 16x24 cm

CONTENTS
PREFACE
Safa Acar..….…………………………………………………..………..…..1
CHAPTER 1
BANKING SYSTEM AND COVID 19: CASE OF
KAZAKHSTAN
Assist. Prof. Maya Katenova………………………………………............3
CHAPTER 2
ELECTRONIC COMMERCE; CONCEPTS, MODELS AND
FRAMEWORKS
Dr. Alireza Moghaddasi ……….………………….…………...…………17
CHAPTER 3
SOCIAL MEDIA ADVERTISIMENTS IN TERMS OF AIMS
AND AREAS: A PLATFORM BASED REVIEW
Hüseyin Emin Kurnaz, Dr. Tolga Şentürk………………………………35
CHAPTER 4
ROLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR IN
HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
Lecturer Dr. Safa Acar, Lecturer Mehmet Ali Uslu…. ………....……53
CHAPTER 5
UNDERSTANDING HOW FITNESS TRACKERS AND
SMARTWATCHES MOTIVATE PEOPLE TO A HEALTHY
LIFESTYLE
Gulhan Bizel ,Soundarya Srinivasan, Majd Zeitouny …….…..…..…73

35
CHAPTER 3
SOCIAL MEDIA ADVERTISIMENTS IN TERMS OF AIMS
AND AREAS: A PLATFORM BASED REVIEW
1
Hüseyin Emin Kurnaz
2
Dr. Tolga Şentürk
3
1
We hereby declare that the given study was derived from a master thesis, authored by Hüseyin
Emin Kurnaz in consultation with Tolga ŞENTÜRK at Izmir Katip Çelebi University.
2
İzmir Katip Çelebi University, Social Sciences Institute.
3
İzmir Katip Çelebi University, SHSF, Media and Communication Department,
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9103-3048

36
BUSINESS WORLD STUDIES IN THE SCOPE OF MANAGEMENT, TRADE AND
MARKETING

37
INTRODUCTION
Digital technologies are transforming the marketing operations and
competitive landscape radically (Iqbal et al., 2020). Digital media with more
functional and accurate metrics (Gillpatrick, 2019), easy reach to target
audiences (Deepika and Srinivasan, 2018), quickly start the campaign
(Balakrishnan et al., 2014) and interactivity (Esen et al., 2018) have provided
new marketing opportunities The main digital media channel that create these
new opportunities is social media. Social media, that is the representative of
communication and interaction in virtual channels, has gone far beyond the
entertainment dimension, which is one of the main purposes of its emergence
(Dabner, 2012:69). No marketing professional design a marketing campaign
or strategy without social media.
While social media is constantly developing and affecting the flow of
life; media, communication, marketing, and especially advertising activities
reveal a significant transformation (Deepika and Srinivasan, 2018:78).
Because social media has created an area where instant feedback can be
obtained, much more effective and faster feedback is provided instead of long
and costly research, being determined of tastes and preferences much faster
and being performed of market segmentation more effectively and accurately
(Boughman, 2010:933). It can be said that social media has become the main
weapon of marketing in all kinds of consumption and consumer groups, from
promoting a product to the announcement of a politician's election campaign
and even expanding the fan base of a pop singer (Evans and McKee, 2010:32-
36). After the consumer realizes, evaluates and decides to buy, the shares
he/she makes on social media about the experiences such as usage experience,
satisfaction, recommending/not recommending are followed by the businesses
and the marketing processes are planned by analyzing the feedback (Evans,
2008:48).
Along with social media, there has been a new generation trend towards
web-based social media software from traditional methods (Quy and Le,
2019:62). As a matter of fact, the interaction situation that did not exist in
Web 1.0 gave birth to Web 2.0, thus the applicability of feedback and
interaction on the internet has emerged. The speed of feedback and the ease of
finding and analyzing target customers (Boughman, 2010) have brought along
important opportunities in the field of advertising. In this context, the

38
BUSINESS WORLD STUDIES IN THE SCOPE OF MANAGEMENT, TRADE AND
MARKETING
advantages of social media for effective advertising have made it an
indispensable tool for marketers today.
The importance of social media advertisements for marketers
necessitates its use in the right purposes and areas. For this reason, in our
study, social media advertisements, which are one of the most effective
marketing activities of today, have been examined according to their purposes
and the areas in which they are displayed. In this context, a review was made
on the advertising tools of YouTube, Facebook, Instagram and Tiktok
platforms which have the most users in the world and in Turkey (B social,
2021). Within this scope, it is aimed to support researchers and practitioners
to better understand the functionality of social media ads and to make more
accurate analyzes.
1. DEFINITION AND EVOLUTION OF SOCIAL MEDIA
Social media was born as a means of social communication between
individuals and today, the importance of the phenomena is undoubted and
undisputed (Babacan, 2016). It has become a part of a new communication
and sharing culture with its developing, changing and differentiating usage.
Kaplan and Haenlein (2010:61) defines social media as “a group of internet-
based applications that build on the ideological and technical foundations of
Web 2.0, and that allow the creation and exchange of user generated
content”. The emergence of social media is related to the development of
web-based technologies. Especially web 2.0 technology constitutes the
starting point of social media (Iqbal et al., 2020). The situation where there is
no mutual communication in the media and there is no instant feedback has
turned into an environment where every individual using the internet can
create electronic messages, publish these messages, comment on the messages
and give points with the web 2.0 technology. With this technology, people
and businesses can reach and influence the masses. The media allowing them
to have all these qualities is called social media (Kahraman 2013:19).
The point of mass communication in the world provided a basis for the
emergence of new media fields. Even if the mass media convey its message to
many people at the same time, it could not fully meet the communication
cycle in terms of lack of elements such as personalization, interaction and
feedback (Kırık, 2013:70). The internet process, which previously started with

39
a simple level like e-mail, has been replaced by virtual environments such as
social media applications and mutual interaction platforms thanks to
advancing technology (Güngör, 2018: 398). With social media, a new
generation trend has emerged from traditional methods to web-based social
media software (Quy and Le, 2019:62).
It would not be wrong to say that social media exists as a result of the
development of mass communication and internet technologies (Iqbal et al.,
2020; Şentürk and Başaran 2021). In fact, the interaction situation that did not
exist in Web 1.0 gave birth to Web 2.0, thus the applicability of feedback and
interaction on the internet has emerged. On the other hand, the infrastructures
of traditional mass media that are far from feedback, only ability to make
announcements and broadcast have increased the desire of individuals all over
the world to participate in social media platforms (see Figure 1). According
to the research of We are Social (2021), the social media users in the world
reach 4.2 billion in the beginning of 2021. The population coverage rate of
social media users in Turkey has reached 64% and 44% of them use social
media for business (Şentürk and Başaran, 2021:1079).
Figure 1: The World’s Most Used Social Media Platforms (In Millions) (We
are social, 2021).
The interest in social media platforms indirectly contributes to the
development of social media advertising. Advertisers follow this interest and
try to reach their target audiences by moving from traditional channels to new
generation electronic platforms. Both small-scale and large-scale companies
prefer to publish their advertising assets on these platforms (Özdemir et al.
2014: 61).

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BUSINESS WORLD STUDIES IN THE SCOPE OF MANAGEMENT, TRADE AND
MARKETING
2. SOCIAL MEDIA ADVERTISEMENTS
Social media technologies and tools have connected people on a global
scale, therefore creating new generation solutions and opportunities for
businesses to get more market share. (Onat, 2009:241). It may be argued that
social media has become an important factor influencing purchasing behavior
due to its widespread adoption by the public (Varnalı, 2013: 25-27). In this
context, social media is important in terms of being a new reference source in
the supply and design of goods/services, as well as influencing the purchasing
behavior of consumers. The consumer, who is influenced by channels such as
friend recommendation, instant liking, word-of-mouth marketing in social
media, can very quickly turn to the action of purchasing. Organizations that
can direct consumers' perceptions in social media and use social media
effectively in line with their goals gain competitive advantage (Ene,
2012:135).
Today, social media platforms have interfaces that they use as an
income model in accordance with their own usage standards and that they are
made available to advertisers. Through these interfaces, advertisements can be
detailed by advertisers. Advertisements in social media can be seen as display
advertising, banners, pop-ups, sponsored advertisements, text-based
advertisements, or hybrid forms that include old and new formats (Kıyan and
Dikmen, 2019:125).
Paid promotional activities on social media are often referred to as
sponsored ads (Öztürkay et al., 2017:178). Brands have opportunity to create
various advertising strategies with these ads. Thus, it can reach its target
audiences with various alternatives such as story, sponsored content and
bumper advertisement which is a type of advertisement that does not have the
option of closing or skipping involuntarily (Aslaner and Aslaner, 2020: 25-
26). Native advertising types are also frequently used in social media. "In-
stream units", which have the same features as the shares made by almost
everyone on the platform they are in, are mostly used in social media. In this
ad type, the dynamics of the platform are kept up without the use of separate
fonts (Arslan, 2019:272). Behavioral advertising is one of the advertisements
frequently used in social media as well. This type of advertising, also known
as interest-based advertising, monitors the online behavior of users on the
internet with advanced web systems, predicts the interests of these users and

41
displays advertisements according to these interests (Your Online Choices,
2021).
The fact that social media is a technically new technology compared to
traditional media advertisements enables advertisements to enter this new
unique form (Kıyan and Dikmen, 2019:124). Therefore, each social media
platform can offer different types of advertisements and for different
purposes. Therefore, it is necessary to deal with social media ads according to
their purposes and areas in order to construct the right advertising strategies
and make the right advertising analysis.
2.1. Social Media Ads by Aims
Advertising on social media refers to what the advertiser wants users to
do when they encounter an ad (Facebook for Business, 2021). Social media
ads aim active users’ attention in different platforms where they often spend
time (İlhan and Aydoğdu, 2019: 1142). In the framework of this purpose,
consumers can be reached directly or indirectly by companies (Uğurhan and
Yaşar. 2021: 245).
Social media platforms offer advertisers a number of options in their
interface. Before starting the advertisement, it is necessary to understand the
purpose of advertising and plan the advertisement accordingly. In this context,
research on four social media platforms with the longest time spent in Turkey
(We are Social, 2021) in terms of aims of advertising will provide an idea
about the subject.
• Instagram and Facebook: When we examine Instagram based on
advertising purposes, we can say that Meta Corporation, managing
the advertising services of Instagram and Facebook, offers many
advertising purposes together with its advanced interface. It is
possible to present the purposes offered by Instagram under three
main headings: Awareness, evaluation and conversions (Facebook
for Business, 2021). Awareness ads may be about brand, products,
services or company itself. Reach ads can be used to increase the
brand awareness of the products or services of the businesses or to
show the ad to as many users as possible in the target audience.
Evaluation refers to encouraging users to learn more about the

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BUSINESS WORLD STUDIES IN THE SCOPE OF MANAGEMENT, TRADE AND
MARKETING
content of the ad and the advertiser. The user evaluates the ad.
However, how it will evaluate is determined by the evaluation
options presented in the interface. These options are (Facebook for
Business, 2021):
a. Traffic ads directing users to target pages such as a specified link,
location, phone number or profile.
b. Engagement ads that are shown more to users who are likely to
respond to ads with actions such as likes, comments, and shares.
c. Mobile app install ads where a mobile app is advertised to have
more users.
d. Video view ads showing ads in a video format shown to users who
are most likely to watch the video
e. Lead generation ads where the purpose is to gather information
from the target audience or to get users to contact the business, to
find potential customers that users call the business or send a request
with a form.
f. Messages advertisements that are intended for the target audience to
send messages through Instagram Direct.
Ads broadcasting for conversion purposes are those intended to
purchase or use a product or service (Instapage, 2022). Conversion ads are
designed for the aims of adding products to the cart in the e-commerce site,
providing a physical visit to the stores, making a phone call or shopping. In
this type of advertisement, there are advertisements for the display of e-
commerce store products and catalog displays, and store traffic
advertisements where the physical store visits of the nearby potential
customers are targeted. All these kinds of ads are features that the advertiser
should choose according to their purpose (Neilpatel, 2022). While using these
types of ads, Instagram recommends that they aim to increase awareness and
acquire new customers in the first place for start-up businesses, and then take
actions activating the target audience.

43
YouTube: YouTube using the Google Ads interface as an ad publishing
tool benefit from Google data in its ads as well (YouTube, 2022). In this way,
it aims to reach target audiences more easily. When examining YouTube ads
for their purposes, it is necessary to know the campaign targets presented in
the advertising interface of the platform. Campaign goals are the main result
desired to be achieved by advertising. This is an intentionally decision of the
advertisers to use these targets. It is possible to list these campaign objectives
as follows. (Google Ads Help, 2021):
1. Sales are used to increase sales or to influence the decisions of users
who have been in contact before.
2. Aims to obtain registration, contact information etc. form potential
customers, from users who are interested in ads or advertiser brand.
3. Website Traffic includes referrals to the website and aiming for more
visits.
4. Thinking of (consider) the product and brand aims to direct
potential customers to the advertiser's own products during
shopping, to interact with relevant customers and to be effective in
the future preferences of customers.
5. Brand awareness and reach are the advertising goals aimed at
reaching a large audience. They offers various ad formats for the
advertiser to promote their brand.
6. Application promotion includes promoting mobile-based
applications on YouTube.
In addition to these goals, promoting the channels on the YouTube
platform is possible. Along with Google's other advertising features; YouTube
ads can also be used for purposes such as attracting new viewers, increasing
the number of subscribers, reaching more users around the world, promoting a
launch, selling products and reaching new audiences with cross-promotion
(YouTube Creator Academy, 2017).
TikTok: The platform is a newer advertising channel compared to other
social media platforms. Advertiser can be access more limited information as
it is new. TikTok allows advertisers to choose two different modes in its

44
BUSINESS WORLD STUDIES IN THE SCOPE OF MANAGEMENT, TRADE AND
MARKETING
advertising interface: These are simplified mode and custom mode. In the
simplified mode, it wants to choose more general targets with less tiring for
the advertisers, while in the custom mode it leaves the more detailed ad
features under the control of the advertisers. Advertising objectives that can
be selected in simplified modes; linking with customers for interaction
purposes, website visits for clicks, potential customer advertisements from
which various information and forms can be obtained from customer
candidates. On the other hand, it is recommended by the platform to use the
private mode for conversion purpose (TikTok for Business, 2021).
Like Facebook and Instagram ads, TikTok ads serve three main
purposes. These are awareness, ratings, and conversions (TikTok Business
Help Center, 2021). Awareness ads aim to make people familiar with the
brand or what the ad offers with the aim of reach and Ads are shown to as
many people as possible. Evaluation, on the other hand, serves the purpose of
making people think more about the business. It enables advertisers to achieve
their goal with options such as traffic, app installs, video view, customer lead
generation, community interactions. Finally, conversion aims to purchase or
use products and services. Conversion ads are aimed at businesses taking a
specific action on their web site such as adding a product to a shopping cart,
downloading an app, signing up for the web site or purchasing.
2.2. Social Media Ads by Area
After determining the form and purpose of social media ads, where and
how they are published are also an important issue. Subjects such as on which
screens it can be used and where it is located on the screen refer to the area. In
addition, in which areas and where the advertisements might be displayed, can
be chosen by advertisers. Each social media platform has its own unique
structure. For this reason, it would be useful to examine the fields specifically
for social media platforms.
Instagram is a mobile-based social media platform. Therefore, it can
show ads on smartphones and tablets. Ads on the Instagram platform appear
in six areas. These are Instagram Feed, Instagram Explore, Instagram Store,
Instagram Stories, Instagram In-Stream Videos and Instagram Reels
(Facebook for Business, 2021). These ad spaces only allow ads to be shown to
users there. The same ads can broadcast in several areas at the same time. In

45
addition to these, advertisement places change according to advertisement
targets. Advertising spaces used for advertising purposes are clearly indicated
in the table below (Table 1).
Table 1: Instagram Advertising Purposes
Advertising
Purpose
Feed
Stories
Explore
In-
Stream
Videos
Reels
Store
Brand Awareness
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
Reach
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
Traffic
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
Engagement
✔
✔
App Install
✔
✔
✔
✔
Video View
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
Lead Generation
✔
✔
✔
Message
✔
✔
✔
Conversion
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
Catalog Buying
✔
✔
✔
✔
Store Traffic
✔
✔
Source: Facebook for Business, 2021.
YouTube: Ads in YouTube may appear on computers, smartphones,
mobile devices and TV screens such as Chromecast, as well as game consoles.
YouTube channels, videos, applications, websites or specific places on
websites can be selected to show ads there (Google Ads Help, 2021). In
addition, different ad formats on YouTube is able to be shown in different
places and at different seconds for the video. These ads formats (Google Ads
Help, 2021):
1. Skippable in-stream ads

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BUSINESS WORLD STUDIES IN THE SCOPE OF MANAGEMENT, TRADE AND
MARKETING
2. Non-skippable In-Stream ads
3. Bumper ads
4. In-feed video ads
5. Masthead ads
6. Responsive display ads
Table 2. Advertising formats, platforms and features in video ads in YouTube
Video Ad
Format
Explanation
Platform
Features
Skippable
in-stream
ads
It allows viewers to skip the
ad after 5 seconds.
Computer,
mobile
devices, TV
and game
consoles
Video plays in
player (option to
skip after 5
seconds)
Non-
skippable
video ads
Non-skippable video ads
must be watched before the
video can be viewed.
Computer,
mobile
devices, TV
and game
consoles
It plays in the video
player. It lasts for
15 or 20 seconds
Bumper
ads
Lasting for maximum 6
seconds and non-skippable
video ads must be watched.
Bumper ads become active
when both skippable and
non-skippable ads are
enabled.
Computer,
mobile
devices, TV
and game
consoles
It plays in the video
player and lasts for
maximum 6
seconds.
Overlay
ads
Overlay ads with images or
text may appear in the
bottom 20% of the video.
Computer
only
Dimension: 468x60
or 728x90 pixels
Source: Google Ads Help, 2021.

47
All of these, advertisements may be displayed on YouTube outside of
the video player (Google Ads Help, 2021). In-feed video ads appear where
viewers discover content such as the side of Related YouTube videos, a
YouTube search result, or the YouTube homepage for mobile devices. It
encourages users to click to watch the ad video.
Masheat ads are a type of ad allowing to reach very large audiences.
Unlike other types of advertising, it can be decided by making an appointment
with Google's sales representatives, not from the Google interface. This type
of advertisement, which is shown on desktop, mobile and TV screens, is
positioned at the top of the YouTube homepage in a large way. Different
types of advertisements on Google can also be displayed on YouTube. For
example, responsive display ads consist of images, headlines, logos, videos,
or descriptions and it is included in videos (Google Ads Help, 2021).
TikTok: TikTok ads are located in different areas based on the features
offered by the platform. Advertising locations are called as placements. The
main placements through TikTok Ads Manager are (TikTok, 2021):
• In-feed ads on the “For You” page: In-feed ads appear in the "For
You" feed on TikTok and TikTok Lite. They are downloadable ad
videos for nine seconds.
• News feed apps (TopBuzz, BuzzVideo, News Republic, etc.): This
ad placement can be used for app installs and traffic ads. It provide
advertisers to have displays in news flows.
• Pangle (TikTok Audience Network): With this ad placement option,
TikTok ads can be displayed on different mobile platforms and in
different places of the internet.
Being published of where and how social media ads are an important
issue in terms of effectiveness. On which screens the ad can be used and
where it is on the screen can be chosen by the advertisers in the ad interfaces
offered by the social media platforms. Due to the unique structures of all
social media platforms, it is very significant for advertisers to know the
features of these platforms very well in terms of effectiveness in
advertisements.

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BUSINESS WORLD STUDIES IN THE SCOPE OF MANAGEMENT, TRADE AND
MARKETING
CONCLUSION
As Kaplan and Haenlein mentioned (2009:67) “Social Media allow
firms to engage in timely and direct end-consumer contact at relatively low
cost and higher levels of efficiency than can be achieved with more traditional
communication tools”. Also, social media gives corporations a chance to turn
their followers/customers as a marketing army (Deepika and Srinivasan,
2018). As a result, the use of social media by advertisers is constantly
increasing. Since each social media platform has the opportunity to offer
advertisements of different types and for different purposes, it is very
important to know the types of advertisements according to their purposes and
areas for effective advertising campaigns in social media. In this respect, for
example, there is a difference in terms of advertising type, purpose and
strategy between announcing the name of the business, showing why it should
be preferred, and asking for the purchase/use of any product or service. In
other words, it is necessary to deal with social media advertisements
according to their purposes and areas in order to communicate with the right
target audience, at the right place at the right time, with the right campaign,
and to analyze them. All these must be decided before the advertisements are
displayed and before communicating with the consumer. At this point, the
differences in terms of the purposes of social media platforms and their
advertising tools gain great importance. Due to each social media platform has
its own unique structure, it is useful to examine them within themselves and
according to their purposes. For this reason, within the scope of the study, it is
aimed to contribute to the researchers working in this field and the
professionals in the sector to have better understand the functionality of social
media advertisements and to make more accurate analyzes by considering
social media advertisements with respect to their purposes and the areas
where they are displayed.

49
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ISBN: 978-625-8405-72-9
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