Access to this full-text is provided by Wiley.
Content available from Security and Communication Networks
This content is subject to copyright. Terms and conditions apply.
Research Article
Factors Influencing Green Entrepreneurship of Returning
Migrant Workers under the Dual-Carbon Background
Li Beiwei,
1
Yue Zhengliang ,
1
,
2
and Liu Hongtao
2
1
School of Management, Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China
2
Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai City, Guangdong Province, China
Correspondence should be addressed to Yue Zhengliang; yuezhengliang@zcst.edu.cn
Received 15 January 2022; Revised 26 January 2022; Accepted 27 January 2022; Published 21 February 2022
Academic Editor: ippa Reddy G
Copyright ©2022 Li Beiwei et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
China’s rural energy consumption structure has dominated by coal, and carbon dioxide emissions are relatively large. Under the
dual historical responsibilities of the carbon peak, the carbon neutral dual-carbon, and the rural revitalization strategy, the rural
energy transition is imminent. is paper conducts an in-depth study on the green entrepreneurship of migrant workers returning
to their hometowns and carefully analyzes the factors affecting the return of migrant workers to green entrepreneurship. is
paper establishes a regression model to clarify that the green entrepreneurial guidance mechanism can effectively increase
entrepreneurial opportunities, promote the rational allocation of regional resources, increase the success rate of entrepreneurship,
and promote the construction of new rural areas in China with proper healthcare. e implementation of the scientific guidance
mechanism for migrant workers’ green entrepreneurship should adhere to the scientific development concept, correctly guide
farmers to return to their hometowns to start businesses, and provide them with a green channel for fiscal taxation. Green
entrepreneurship can improve the entrepreneurial ability of migrant workers in order to effectively increase the success rate of
migrant workers in entrepreneurship, ensure the rational use of regional resources, and promote the harmonious and stable
development of society.
1. Introduction
As global climate change poses a major threat to human
society, more and more countries have elevated “carbon
neutrality” as a national strategy and proposed a vision for a
carbon-free future. e “dual-carbon” target proposed has a
profound domestic and foreign development background,
which will definitely have a profound impact on the
economy and society. e realization of the “dual-carbon”
goal should have been comprehensively considered and
dealt with in the overall strategic of promoting high-quality
development and comprehensive modernization. China has
become the world’s second largest economy, a leader in
green economy and technology, and its global influence
continues to expand. Facts have proved that only by making
the development mode greener can we adapt to the laws of
nature. To this end, in 2020, based on the inherent re-
quirements of promoting sustainable development and the
responsibility, China announced the goal of achieving
carbon peaks and carbon neutrality. General Secretary Xi
Jinping emphasized that carbon peaking and carbon neu-
trality should have been incorporated into the overall layout
of ecological civilization construction that can help in im-
proving the healthcare of the citizens [1, 2]. It is necessary to
promote major breakthroughs in green and low-carbon
technologies, promptly deploy low-carbon cutting-edge
technology research, accelerate the promotion and appli-
cation of pollution reduction and carbon reduction tech-
nologies, and establish and improve green and low-carbon
technology evaluation, trading system, and technological
innovation service platform. In the future, China will form a
greener, more efficient, and sustainable consumption and
productivity model for sustainable development and jointly
composing the ecology in civilization.
As China’s economic structure and industrial develop-
ment are in an important period of transformation, Premier
Li Keqiang proposed the development strategy of “mass
entrepreneurship and innovation.” Many migrant workers
Hindawi
Security and Communication Networks
Volume 2022, Article ID 7611810, 10 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7611810
with knowledge, vision, and skills have chosen to return and
set up entrepreneurship through the funds and some ex-
perience they have accumulated during their migrant work
period, making migrant workers the group with the most
potential and enthusiasm in entrepreneurship and inno-
vation. However, looking at the living conditions of migrant
workers who have not yet returned to their hometowns, they
still have many worries about the behavior of returning to set
up entrepreneurship, which have been seriously affected by
many factors of themselves and the outside world. e
return of migrant workers to set up entrepreneurship in their
hometown is conducive to proposing more targeted coun-
termeasures, which plays a vital role in enhancing migrant
workers’ enthusiasm for returning to their hometown,
promoting successful entrepreneurship, and promoting
rural modernization. Entrepreneurship is an important
engine for economic growth and social development [3].
Since 2015, China has increased its strategic support for rural
revitalization and issued a series of policy documents to
support entrepreneurship. China Council has also incor-
porated migrant workers’ return to their hometowns to set
up entrepreneurship, which promotes economic develop-
ment in the unified deployment of the “double entrepre-
neurship” strategy. As a result, the “returning goose
economy” driven by the return of migrant workers to their
hometowns to set up entrepreneurship has quietly risen
across the country [4]. e migrant workers returning to
their hometowns are large in scale, rich in social experience,
and highly skilled. Many migrant workers have seen the
potential for future development in their hometowns and
have returned to their hometowns to set up entrepreneur-
ship. e return of migrant workers is an important part of
China’s “double innovation” and an important way to ac-
celerate the construction of new urbanization and fully
promote the “village revitalization” strategy [4].
Previous studies mainly focus on the determinants of
migrant workers returning to set up entrepreneurship in the
structural reform of the agricultural supply side, continue to
activate the rural economy, and ultimately achieve rural
revitalization [5]. But, quantitative analysis is lacking, and
the green entrepreneurial behavior index of migrant workers
is also very small. erefore, it is an urgent task to describe
the influencing factors in detail. In this research, migrant
workers return to their hometown to set up green entre-
preneurship. Under the current background of building an
ecologically civilized society and achieving sustainable de-
velopment, the enterprise adopts advanced technology and
reformed management methods to implement green in the
entire production and operation process. is paper es-
tablishes a measurement model of the green entrepreneurial
behavior index of migrant workers returning home. Based
on this, this paper studies the factors that affect the green
entrepreneurial behavior of migrant workers returning to
their hometowns, which can create favorable conditions for
green entrepreneurship, further promote the development
of green entrepreneurial activities, and help achieve the goal
of China’s ecological civilization society. erefore, this
paper contributes to study the green entrepreneurial be-
haviors and influencing factors of migrant workers returning
to their hometowns. is article has certain reference value
for formulating relevant policies to promote the green en-
trepreneurship and achieve green development.
2. Related Theories
Green entrepreneurship has gradually merged with other
disciplines and themes, and theoretical research on the
connotation and types of green entrepreneurship has been
greatly enriched. Some scholars have combined green en-
trepreneurship with social practice research and proposed a
green entrepreneurial operation model to provide guidance
for companies to achieve green production and increase
green benefit. e research on green entrepreneurship in
western countries started early and has produced certain
results in the research of green entrepreneurship [6]. Do-
mestic scholars mainly use different perspectives and
methods to study the theories and types of green entre-
preneurship based on the theoretical results of foreign green
entrepreneurship research. In-depth analysis was carried
out, and at the same time, some scholars discussed the
current problems facing enterprises’ green entrepreneurship
and provided solutions for the realization of sustainable
development [7]. From the emergence of green entrepre-
neurship, to the construction of green entrepreneurship
theory and its combination with practical research, relevant
literature has begun enriching. Table 1 shows related works
as follows.
2.1. e Background of Dual-Carbon Construction. On the
international front, the world’s economic development has
accelerated the conversion of old and new kinetic energy,
and the development of clean and low-carbon energy has
become a global consensus. In July 2020, before the EU
announced its carbon neutral plan, more than 30 countries
had announced carbon neutral targets, including Mexico
and the Maldives. Since then, China, Japan, and South Korea
have successively proposed carbon neutral goals. US Pres-
ident-Elect Biden also proposed in his speech that the United
States should return to the “Paris Agreement.” e basic
requirement is that the United States should propose a
timetable and roadmap for carbon neutrality. In this way, the
world’s important economies, which account for 75% of
global GDP and 65% of global carbon emissions, become
carbon neutral [8]. China is also a major energy consumer.
Its commitment to carbon peaking and carbon neutrality
fully reflects the responsibility and mission of a major
country, and it will become a powerful promoter of pro-
moting the world’s carbon peaking goal as soon as possible.
Domestically, China has achieved positive results in con-
trolling greenhouse gas emissions, promoting energy con-
servation and emission reduction in key areas, developing
renewable energy, and accelerating ecological governance
and land greening [9, 10]. Han et al. analyzed the devel-
opment trends and research focus of industry 5.0 in the
future [11]. Jagatheesaperuma et al. focused on the research
perspective towards deployment of Industry 5.0 [12].
However, problems such as unbalanced and inadequate
2Security and Communication Networks
economic development, structural imbalances in high-
emission industries, large-scale manufacturing, and unco-
ordinated high-quality development are still prominent. e
country needs to continue to promote low-carbon energy
consumption, industrial restructuring, and improving
manufacturing eco-efficiency.
Combining with the series of green carbon sink actions
that China has carried out in recent years to address climate
change at both the international and domestic levels, the
proposed carbon peak and carbon neutral targets have richer
connotations and significance. e proposal of the carbon
peak and carbon neutral vision coincides with the major
node. e construction of ecological civilization has
achieved new progress and the efficiency of national gov-
ernance has improved. e main economic and social de-
velopment provides an important opportunity for the
realization of the vision. In addition, the overall vision of
carbon peaking and carbon neutrality also provides an ef-
fective driver for continuing to force China to deepen the
green economy transformation, accelerate the adjustment of
the energy structure, promote the construction of the carbon
market, and coordinate with the construction of ecological
civilization to form a joint force for joint realization.
2.2. Green Entrepreneurship. As an emerging research topic,
the definition of the concept of green entrepreneurship has
not yet been unified, and the terms used by scholars to
describe green entrepreneurship are different. Academic
names such as “environmental entrepreneurship,” “green
entrepreneurship,” and “sustainable entrepreneurship” have
appeared. In the definition of the concept of green entre-
preneurship, scholars have defined it from different angles.
Based on the perspective of entrepreneurial opportunity
identification, Yuniriyanti et al. [13] believe that green en-
trepreneurship is a process by which companies identify,
evaluate, and utilize business opportunities under the
principles of sustainable development goals. Such business
opportunities arise when the market fails. It is closely related
to the environment [13]. Based on the perspective of en-
trepreneurial output, Hornsby et al. believe that, in a narrow
sense, green entrepreneurship is a process of enterprise
creation in which entrepreneurs play their subjective ini-
tiative and creatively provide environmentally friendly
products [14]. In a broad sense, green entrepreneurship can
be described as the development of enterprises. At each
stage, through environmental innovation, an innovative,
market-oriented, individual-driven form of value creation is
present for providing environmentally friendly products
[15]. Wang and Peng believe that green entrepreneurship
refers to innovation or the creation of a green-oriented
organization and emphasizes the need to create a green
benefit (GVA) to protect the natural environment and in-
crease the interests of corporate stakeholders. Green en-
trepreneurship is an entrepreneurial behavior for protecting
the environment [16]. Chinese scholar ˇ
Sneiderien˙
e et al.
combed and summarized the concept of green entrepre-
neurship by predecessors and pointed out that the conno-
tation of green entrepreneurship is divided into broad and
narrow sense [17]. e narrow sense of green entrepre-
neurship is only a short-term and partial entrepreneurship,
which refers to the cost, innovative or marketing advantages
are the motivation to achieve green, and in a broad sense,
green entrepreneurship is comprehensive and of long term.
It is a form of value creation, based on innovative envi-
ronmental protection methods, market-oriented, driven by
individuals, and “sustainable” as the goal.
Green entrepreneurship is a new way of entrepreneur-
ship, and the internal operating mode of green entrepre-
neurial enterprises is different from traditional
entrepreneurship. According to the research on green en-
trepreneurship they believe that green entrepreneurship is a
process of creating green benefit (GVA), which must protect
the natural environment and increase the interests of cor-
porate stakeholders [18]. e realization of green benefit
requires the use of the company’s own advantages and the
external favorable environment to achieve green operations
in all aspects of the company’s production and operation.
Generally, the green entrepreneurial operation model in-
cludes five major aspects [19]. (1) Green input logistics:
Green enterprises should avoid water, air, and soil pollution
during the procurement process, use healthy and environ-
mentally friendly materials, clean energy, and use energy-
saving technologies or processes to improve their greenness
in warehousing and logistics to achieve ecological benefits.
(2) Green production: Green production is the strict use of
green technology and production processes in the pro-
duction of green products or the provision of green services.
(3) Green export logistics: Green output is mainly in the final
link of production, strictly controlling and recycling by-
products, using green environmental protection materials
for packaging, and harmless treatment of waste to achieve
green products and services. (4) Green marketing: Green
marketing refers to the design of marketing channels and the
utilization of environmental protection technologies. It is
necessary to consider and meet the environmental demands
of consumers and society and realize the greening of the
marketing network and the recycling of resources, to create
profits while achieving sustainable operation. (5) Green
service: e service itself and service-oriented green con-
stitute the green service link. e first purpose is to avoid
negative impacts on the environment during the use of
products or the provision of services, while the latter pur-
pose is to affect consumers’ non-green consumption
Table 1: Related works.
No. Content
1 Factors affecting the return of migrant workers to green entrepreneurship
2 Establishing a regression model
3 Influence on the green entrepreneurial behavior
Security and Communication Networks 3
behaviors. Change and design some green services to guide
consumers to develop the habit of green consumption. e
basic framework and objectives of the green entrepreneurial
operation model are shown in Figure 1.
In summary, green entrepreneurship, as an emerging
research topic, is a new research field that has emerged at a
certain stage of social and economic development and has
not yet formed a unified theoretical system. In terms of
research methods, qualitative analysis is mostly used, and
most of the literature uses cases. ere are few special studies
on the green entrepreneurial behavior of agricultural en-
terprises. Regarding the research on the driving factors of
corporate green entrepreneurship, most scholars tend to
analyze from the perspective of a single factor, such as
personal values, consumer needs, and institutional regula-
tions [20]. In terms of corporate green entrepreneurial
behavior research, there is a lack of specific quantitative
indicators and very few empirical studies. e relevant
conclusions, especially the research on behavioral influence
factors, are not sufficiently persuasive, and they are still in
the low-paradigm research stage. Based on this, this paper
adopts the sample data of the green entrepreneurial behavior
of migrant workers to construct a green entrepreneurial
behavior evaluation index, which establishes a measurement
model for the green entrepreneurial behavior index.
3. Analysis of the Influencing Factors of Green
Entrepreneurship by Returning
Migrant Workers
3.1. Data Sources. In order to better promote migrant
workers to return to their hometowns to set up entrepre-
neurship, the migrant workers’ return to set up entrepre-
neurship and implement the rural revitalization strategy;
this paper designs a questionnaire on the factors affecting
migrant workers’ return to set up entrepreneurship. Sta-
tistics and analysis were carried out. 480 questionnaires were
distributed to the central region in this survey, and 460 valid
questionnaires were returned. e survey subjects included
the new generation of migrant workers and the first gen-
eration of migrant workers, and the distribution was rela-
tively even. e proportions of men and women are roughly
equal. e selected migrant workers’ industries include
agricultural product sales, construction, clothing, handi-
crafts, service industries, business management, and helpers
for farms. erefore, the samples selected in this study have a
certain level of representativeness, which provides an im-
portant basis for determining the practical obstacles for
migrant workers to return to their hometowns to set up
entrepreneurship and for this article to propose strategies to
promote migrant workers to return to their hometowns to
set up entrepreneurship. As an important force in pro-
moting social development, whether the group of migrant
workers will return to their hometown to set up entrepre-
neurship after graduation has received great attention from
the society. According to the questionnaire survey data, the
largest proportion of migrant workers is engaged in the
construction industry, as high as 37%. ere is also a lot of
agricultural products sales, accounting for 12.2%. Handi-
crafts, service industries, business management, and helpers
who help farms account for 9.8%, 7%, 4.3%, and 4.5%, re-
spectively. In addition, this part is the high-quality returning
entrepreneurial talents that the rural areas urgently need
[21]. According to investigations and studies, most of the
motives for migrant workers to return to their hometowns to
set up entrepreneurship are due to the high pressure of
survival in the city, while fewer people return to their
hometowns to build their hometowns. Men’s willingness to
set up entrepreneurship is higher than women’s. e biggest
difficulty faced by migrant workers returning to set up
entrepreneurship is insufficient funds. e willingness of
high-educated migrant workers to start business is lower
than that of low-educated migrant workers. e statistical
results show that there are varying levels of obstacles and
difficulties for migrant workers to return to set up entre-
preneurship. On the other hand, these also provide us with
some ideas for solving the practical obstacles for migrant
workers to return to set up entrepreneurship as shown in
Table 2.
3.2. Characteristics of Migrant Workers’ Willingness to Set Up
Green Entrepreneurship. After migrant workers have ac-
cumulated a certain amount of capital and experience, their
willingness to set up entrepreneurship is very high, and the
willingness of green entrepreneurship is relatively large in
Figure 2. In addition, it can be seen from Table 3 that
migrant workers and entrepreneurs prefer the green en-
trepreneurial model of family eco-farms and eco-tourism. It
shows that the green management concept of migrant
workers has continuously improved.
It can be seen from Table 4 that as the awareness of
environmental protection continues to increase, consumers’
demand for ecological products increases, and entrepre-
neurs’ green entrepreneurial willingness increases, they will
prefer environmentally friendly entrepreneurial projects. In
addition, the government supervision is becoming more and
stricter, the environmental investment is also increasing, and
the penalties for environmental pollution behaviors have
constantly strengthened, thus promoting the green entre-
preneurship of migrant workers.
e source of resistance to the willingness of migrant
workers starts a green entrepreneurship. It can be seen from
Table 5 that migrant workers have limited abilities, no
available superior resources, and insufficient funds for their
own businesses. e lack of the relevant support policies and
the poor ability to use the policies has led to their inability to
obtain sufficient financial support. erefore, some migrant
workers are hindered from green entrepreneurship.
rough a descriptive analysis of 460 questionnaires on
the status quo of migrant workers’ green entrepreneurship,
the status of migrant workers’ green entrepreneurship is
divided into three categories: migrant workers’ green en-
trepreneurship human capital characteristics analysis, mi-
grant workers’ green entrepreneurship willingness
characteristics, and migrant workers’ green entrepreneur-
ship issues. In this part, the analysis of the personal
4Security and Communication Networks
characteristics of migrant workers’ green entrepreneurial
human capital shows that migrant workers are mainly young
and middle-aged, their education level is concentrated in
junior high school, and they have few skills and training
opportunities. e work income is low, and relatives and
fellow villagers dominate the network. After analyzing the
characteristics of migrant workers’ green entrepreneurial
willingness, it is found that migrant workers have a higher
willingness to green entrepreneurship and prefer green
entrepreneurial projects such as family ecological farms, eco-
tourism, and resource recycling. Among them, the increase
of migrant workers’ awareness of environmental protection
and the increase in market demand for ecological products
have promoted the increase of migrant workers’ willingness
to start green entrepreneurship. As more and more attention
has been paid to environmental pollution, the government
has increased its investment in environmental protection
and strengthened penalties for environmental pollution
behaviors, thereby increasing the initiative and enthusiasm
of migrant workers’ green entrepreneurial willingness. In
addition, the education level is low, and the ability to learn
new things is poor, which hinders the willingness of migrant
workers to set up green entrepreneurship. Although China
has given certain loans, subsidies, and other preferential
policies to encourage migrant workers to start green en-
trepreneurship, the conditions of the preferential policies are
harsh, and fewer migrant workers can enjoy preferential
policies. In addition, because the social network of migrant
workers has dominated by fellow villagers and relatives, the
Government policy
support
Basic activity
Green input
logistics
Enterprise's green
added value
Green service
External support factors for
green entrepreneurship
Internal support factors for
green entrepreneurship
Economic
conditions NGO support Civil support
Green technologyGreen procurement Green
infrastructure
Green human
resources
Green production
Green export
logistics
Green marketing
Dual Carbon Initiative
Dual Carbon Initiative Carbon peak
Carbon neutral
Carbon peak
Carbon neutral
Figure 1: e operating model of green entrepreneurship.
Table 2: Staff composition of green entrepreneurship.
Index Code Sample Percentage (%)
Gender
Male 240 52.2
Female 220 47.8
Sum 460 100
Profession
Agricultural product sales 80 17.4
Clothing industry 160 34.8
Handicraft 80 17.4
Service industry 70 15.2
Business management 20 4.3
Farm helper 50 10.9
Total 460 100
Entrepreneurial willingness Green entrepreneurial
willingness
Green entrepreneurial willingness
Yes
No
0
100
200
300
400
Figure 2: e survey of green entrepreneurial willingness.
Security and Communication Networks 5
channels for obtaining information are single, and policies
cannot be correctly understood and used flexibly. Market-
oriented analysis is derived from accumulated experience
and cannot adapt to the development of the times, which
makes its green entrepreneurial path difficult.
3.3. Empirical Model. According to the previous relevant
analysis, it is concluded that the willingness of migrant
workers to start a green business is affected by factors such as
the characteristics of ecological capabilities, the character-
istics of the external environment, and the characteristics of
policy support. erefore, the function expression can be set
as follows:
Y�
β+
β1X1+...+
β9X9.(1)
Among them,
y�
y1
y2
⋮
y1
⎡
⎢
⎢
⎢
⎢
⎢
⎢
⎢
⎢
⎢
⎢
⎢
⎢
⎢
⎢
⎢
⎣⎤
⎥
⎥
⎥
⎥
⎥
⎥
⎥
⎥
⎥
⎥
⎥
⎥
⎥
⎥
⎥
⎦,
β�
β0
β1
⋮
β9
⎡
⎢
⎢
⎢
⎢
⎢
⎢
⎢
⎢
⎢
⎢
⎢
⎢
⎢
⎢
⎢
⎣⎤
⎥
⎥
⎥
⎥
⎥
⎥
⎥
⎥
⎥
⎥
⎥
⎥
⎥
⎥
⎥
⎦.
When migrant workers have no ecological entrepre-
neurial willingness,
Y�0. When migrant workers are
willing to start an ecological business,
Y�1. Among
them, X1, respectively, represents 9 variables in the three
types of characteristics of migrant workers’ green entre-
preneurship capabilities, external environment charac-
teristics, and policy support characteristics. e specific
variables of each influencing factor in the regression
model are explained in Table 6.
Most of the variables in the regression analysis are the
same as those in the correlation analysis. Some of the
variables are explained as follows. First, the variable of
education level is divided into “below elementary
school �1, junior high school and above �3, bachelor’s
level and above �5,” among which “junior high school,”
“senior high school (secondary school),” and “junior col-
lege” in the questionnaire options are classified as “junior
high school and above �3.” Because it is an unfavorable
cause, the option is classified as an influencing factor that
hinders entrepreneurial willingness, and the answer is
“yes.” It is 1 and the others are 0. e variable “work”
involves more occupations in the questionnaire, and it is
divided into primary, secondary, and tertiary industries.
Among them, the options are “company management, sales
staff,” “private small business owners,” and “business
owner” and “contractor” are classified as “industry” with a
value of 2. “Waiter,” “cashier,” and “security, cleaning, and
driver” are classified as “service industry” with a value of 3.
“Agricultural” is classified as the value of “agriculture” is 1.
e value of “others” is 3. Secondly, the variable “social
capital” is replaced by the number of friends, and more
migrant workers interact with each other. e social capital
is higher, and the opportunity for green entrepreneurship is
greater [22]. e willingness of green entrepreneurship is
stronger. In addition, in the variables, according to the
opinion measurement method, the options have assigned a
value of 1–5 points. For example, for the variable “protect
environmental awareness,” the questionnaire asks “Your
awareness of protecting the environment is increasing,”
and the answer options are “very nonconforming,”
“nonconforming,” “general,” “basically conforming,” and
Table 3: Project preference of green entrepreneurship.
Entrepreneurship type No. Percentage (%)
Waste recycling 23 5
Comprehensive utilization of resources 46 10
Family eco-farm 184 40
Eco-tourism 138 30
Dual-carbon farming and forestry 23 5
Others 46 10
Sum 460 100
Table 4: Power source of green entrepreneurship.
Power source No. Percentage (%)
Increasing awareness of environmental protection 253 55
Strong desire for green entrepreneurship 230 50
Project investment with dual-carbon background 207 45
Government investment in environmental protection 207 45
Penalties for environmental pollution 184 40
Green product demand 184 40
Table 5: Resistance source of green entrepreneurship.
Limited understanding of dual-carbon protection No. Percentage (%)
I do not understand the loan policy 322 70
Poor natural conditions 253 55
Policy utilization 184 40
Fund acquisition 184 40
Limited understanding of dual-carbon protection 138 30
6Security and Communication Networks
“very conforming.” e score is higher, indicating that
migrant workers’ awareness of environmental protection
has continuously enhanced, thereby promoting their green
entrepreneurial willingness.
3.4. Analysis of Influencing Factors of Peasant Workers’ Green
Entrepreneurship Willingness
(1) From the perspective of social science research, the
model fits well. e awareness of environmental
protection is stronger and the ability to integrate
resources is stronger; the willingness of migrant
workers is stronger to set up green entrepre-
neurship. In terms of the characteristics of its own
green entrepreneurial ability, environmental
awareness, ability to integrate resources, and its
own ability have passed the significance test and
are basically consistent with the previous expected
direction, while the education level, work, train-
ing, educational skills investment, and social
capital are not significant. Because migrant
workers have been working abroad for a long time,
their ideology and their own abilities are con-
stantly changing, and they have certain green
entrepreneurial resources and abilities. According
to the survey, although migrant workers work
harder and have low incomes, their environmental
protection awareness and ideological awareness
continue to increase. For further improvement,
therefore, migrant workers are willing to make full
use of their own resources to set up entrepre-
neurship and constantly improve their own re-
sources and strengthen their own resource
integration capabilities, to promote a stronger
willingness to green entrepreneurship.
(2) e limited ability and poor natural conditions
hinder the process of migrant workers’ green en-
trepreneurial willingness.
According to the survey, the limited ability and poor
natural conditions have become the main obstacles
to set up green entrepreneurship. As migrant
workers are mainly educated in junior high school,
they have relatively little knowledge and insights, and
their ability to accept new things and learn is weak.
e ability to integrate resources and optimize their
own resources is relatively weak, and the channels for
obtaining information are single. In addition, some
companies do not pay attention to environmental
protection and waste of resources, which makes the
natural conditions worse and worse, and the migrant
workers have fewer and fewer resources and fewer
and fewer entrepreneurial resources, which hinders
the process of green entrepreneurship for migrant
workers.
(3) From the characteristics of the external environ-
ment, the green entrepreneurial environment and
poor natural conditions have passed the signifi-
cance test. Among them, the green entrepreneurial
environment is highly significant. However, the
awareness of purchasing environmental products
and the demand for ecological products are not
obvious. Continuously improve relevant laws and
systems, resolve the risks of migrant workers’ green
entrepreneurship, and provide guarantees for mi-
grant workers’ green entrepreneurship, thereby
enhancing their willingness to engage in green
entrepreneurship.
(4) e more the government invests in environmental
protection, the greater the subsidy tax support is. In
terms of government policy support, environmental
protection investment and assistance organizations
have passed the significance test, while the signifi-
cance of loans, environmental pollution penalties,
publicity, and subsidy taxation is not obvious.
According to the survey, the lack of entrepreneurial
funds hinders migrant workers from starting green
entrepreneurship. e government should increase
investment in environmental protection and reduce
the pressure on migrant workers’ green entrepre-
neurial funds. Moreover, as the government’s in-
vestment in environmental protection increases,
migrant workers’ awareness of environmental
Table 6: Characteristic of migrant workers’ green entrepreneurial ability.
Variable name Explanation Mean
value
Standard
deviation Direction
Education Junior high school and below 1, junior high school and above 3,
high school and above 5. 2.8 0.7 +/−
Jobs Agriculture �1, service industry �3, others �5. 2.7 1.2 +/−
Social capital None �1, yes �3. 3.0 0.9 +/−
Educational investment No investment �1, investment �3. 3.5 0.8 +/−
Bring up No �1, yes �3. 1.6 0.7 +/−
Self-protection Whether one’s own ability hinders entrepreneurship, yes �1,
no �0. 0.7 0.5 +/−
Environmental protection
awareness Yes �3, no �1. 3.6 0.9 +/−
Entrepreneurial resources Up to standard �3, not up to standard �1. 3.2 1.1 +/−
Ability to integrate resources Junior high school and below 1, junior high school and above 3,
high school and above 5. 3.5 0.9 +/−
Security and Communication Networks 7
protection has also increased. It can be seen from
Table 7 that the support organization passed the
significance test, indicating that the support orga-
nization is a significant factor influencing the green
entrepreneurship of migrant workers. e estab-
lishment of a support organization will unite the
government, universities, and scientific research
institutions, leading enterprises and green entre-
preneurial experts to provide assistance. It has made
up for the shortcomings of migrant workers’ lack of
ability, improved their green entrepreneurial skills,
enhanced the competitiveness and success rate of
green entrepreneurship, and drove migrant workers
to engage in green entrepreneurship.
4. Results and Discussion
is paper puts the four environmental variables of policy
support, environmental regulation, stakeholder pressure, and
corporate environmental awareness into the model for
quantile regression testing and gets the model results, as
shown in Table 8. e table lists the regression results of each
variable at the 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 0.9 quantiles. rough
the differential performance of each variable at different
distribution points, it is possible to have a more
comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the entre-
preneurial environment and corporate characteristics for
corporate green entrepreneurship [23]. is paper uses
stata12 software to estimate, and the results obtained are
shown in Table 8.
e variable of enterprise scale has a negative impact on
the level of greening of enterprise production and operation,
and the impact is more significant. e quantile regression
coefficient of this variable shows a trend of rising first,
reaching the maximum value at the 75% quantile, and then
rapidly decreasing, passing significance at the 10%, 25%,
50%, and 90% quantiles. ere is a greater level of com-
plexity and inefficiency in environmental improvement,
resulting in a low level of greenness in its production and
operations. e variable of the nature of the enterprise has
an impact on the level of greening of the production and
operation of the enterprise. Among them, the nature variable
of the private enterprise has a positive effect on the level of
greening of the production and operation of the enterprise.
e life cycle of an enterprise has a significant impact on the
green level of production and operation of the enterprise.
Among them, the mature stage enterprise variables have a
negative impact on the level of green production and op-
eration of the enterprise, and the quantile regression coef-
ficient shows an increase first and then a downward and
Table 7: Variables in the equation.
B SE Ws df Sig Exp
Education −0.26 0.15 3.2 1.00 0.07 0.74
Jobs −0.05 0.1 0.32 1.00 0.60 0.95
Social capital 0.15 0.1 1.6 1.00 0.12 1.1
Educational skills investment −0.1 0.12 0.8 1.00 0.23 1.2
Environmental protection awareness 0.26 0.11 6.2 1.00 0.37 0.9
Own entrepreneurial resources −0.16 0.1 2.95 1.00 0.10 0.8
Ability to integrate resources 0.25 0.13 4.7 1.00 0.03 1.3
Entrepreneurial environment 0.48 0.12 9.6 1.00 0.01 1.6
Poor natural conditions 0.00 0.1 2.8 1.00 0.1 1.5
Environmental product purchase awareness 0.16 0.1 0.00 1.00 0.97 1.1
Ecological product demand 0.18 0.12 2.86 1.00 0.09 1.2
Loan 0,15 0.11 1.83 1.00 0.18 1.20
Environmental protection investment 0.28 0.12 5.83 1.00 0.03 1.27
Subsidy −0.08 0.18 3.16 1.00 0.56 1.64
Environmental pollution penalty 0.04 0.15 0.08 1.00 0.83 1.05
Table 8: Model test results.
Variable 0.1 0.25 0.5 0.75 0.9
Enterprise size −0.26 −0.22 −0.21 −0.14 −0.41
Whether the company is listed −0.20 −0.06 −0.13 −0.15 −0.22
Corporate assets −0.05 −0.04 −0.02 0.01 0.04
Enterprise nature (state-owned/collective) −0.23 0.21 0.15 0.18 0.09
Enterprise nature (private) −0.04 0.08 0.14 0.15 0.08
Industry (plantation) 0.1 0.06 0.09 0.01 0.03
Industry (aquaculture) −0.04 −0.01 −0.07 −0.01 −0.08
Life cycle (growth period) −0.21 −0.09 −0.11 0.01 0.14
Life cycle (mature period) −0.23 −0.11 −0.17 0.00 0.08
Life cycle (transition period) −0.14 −0.09 −0.13 0.04 0.11
Policy support 0.19 0.22 0.21 0.21 0.14
Environmental regulation 0.17 0.18 0.22 0.27 0.23
8Security and Communication Networks
rapid upward trend. is variable has passed the significance
test at the 50% quantile, and the coefficient is negative,
indicating that the production and operation of the start-up
enterprises are greener. e possible reason is that when the
company is in the initial stage, it faces instability and ur-
gently needs the support of shareholders and the affirmation
of consumers. is makes managers have stricter require-
ments on the company in terms of raw material procure-
ment, production management, and staff quality and skill
training. erefore, it shows a higher level of greenness in
terms of product quality and service. e regression coef-
ficient of the policy support variable is positive, and it has
passed the significance test at each quantile point. e
quantile regression coefficient shows a trend of first rising,
reaching the maximum value at the 25% quantile, and then
slowly decreasing. At the 25% quantile, the policy support
environment will improve the level of green production and
operation of the company every time the environment is
improved. e government can provide financial support,
financing support, and tax relief for enterprises that im-
plement environmental protection activities. It has a good
influence on the green entrepreneurial behavior of enter-
prises and enhances the green level of enterprise production
and operation.
5. Conclusions
Green entrepreneurship is conducive to improving the
forest ecological environment and stimulating rural areas
to get rid of poverty and becoming rich, thereby reducing
the government’s pressure on ecological compensation.
e green entrepreneurship of migrant workers has pro-
moted the construction of rural infrastructure and public
utilities and accelerated the transformation of agricultural
development methods. e contributions of this research
are as follows. Migrant workers encouraged starting their
businesses; it will help solve the problems of empty old
people, left-behind children, and left-behind women.
Secondly, the regression coefficient of the environmental
regulation variable is positive, and it has passed the sig-
nificance test at each quantile point. Hence, strict envi-
ronmental management rules and regulations can force
enterprises to implement green entrepreneurship and
promote the improvement of the green level. e quantile
regression coefficient shows a trend of rising first, reaching
the maximum value at the 75% quantile, and then slowly
decreasing. Based on the above, the migrant workers’ green
entrepreneurial willingness is related to environmental
protection awareness, green entrepreneurial environment,
their own resource integration ability, environmental
protection investment, and other factors. Among them, the
green entrepreneurial environment and assistance orga-
nizations are significant influencing factors. is article
combines the effective ways of encouraging migrant
workers to green entrepreneurship in different regions. It
proposes practical and reasonable relevant countermea-
sures to encourage migrant workers to green entrepre-
neurship and enhance their green entrepreneurship
willingness in the future.
Data Availability
All data included in tables are available upon request by
contact with the corresponding author.
Conflicts of Interest
e authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest
regarding the publication of this paper.
References
[1] M. Zid, A. T. Alkhudri, A. R. Casmana, A. Marini, and
A. Wahyudi, “Ex migrant workers of international women
and social entrepreneurship: study at kenanga village in
Indramayu Regency in West Java Province in Indonesia,”
International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology,
vol. 29, 2020.
[2] J. Fitra and D. Rizana, “Strategi pemberdayaan kewirausahaan
mantan buruh migran perempuan di kabupaten kebumen,”
Fokus Bisnis: Media Pengkajian Manajemen dan Akuntansi,
vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 36–42, 2019.
[3] J. Chen, R. Liu, and X. Luo, “Research on incentive mecha-
nism of returning migrant workers to set up entrepreneurship
under the background of mass entrepreneurship and
innovation,” in Proceedings of the 5th International
Conference on Economic and Business Management, Jilin,
China, February 2020.
[4] C. Mukonza, “An analysis of factors influencing green en-
trepreneurship activities in South Africa,” Advances in African
Economic, Social and Political Development, United Nations
University Institute for Natural Resources in Africa, Accra,
Ghana, pp. 47–67, 2020.
[5] B. Ranasinghe and R. Ajward, “Factors affecting green en-
trepreneurial intention among small and medium enterprise
owners in western province, Sri Lanka,” in Proceedings of the
12th Internatinal Research Conference of General Sir John
Kotelawala Defence University, Dehiwala-Mount Lavinia, Sri
Lanka, September 2019.
[6] Al-Dmour, H. Rand, T. Mohammed, and H. H. Al-Dmour,
“Factors influencing students' intentions towards entrepre-
neurship: comparative study,” International Journal of Sus-
tainable Entrepreneurship and Corporate Social Responsibility
(IJSECSR), vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 1–26, 2019.
[7] M. X. Wang, “Research on the route of entrepreneurship
education for migrant workers returning home from the
perspective of new urbanization,” in Proceedings of the 3rd
International Conference on Economy, Management and
Education Technology (ICEMET 2017, Jinan, China, October
2017.
[8] J. E. Amor´
os, R. Basco, and G. Roman´
ı, “Determinants of
early internationalization of new firms: the case of Chile,” e
International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal,
vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 283–307, 2016.
[9] A. Davari, A. Emami, V. Ramadani, and S. Taherkhani,
“Factors influencing academic entrepreneurship: a case-based
study,” Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management,
vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 284–295, 2018.
[10] P. N. Srinivasu, A. K. Bhoi, R. H. Jhaveri, G. T. Reddy, and
M. Bilal, “Probabilistic deep Q network for real-time path
planning in censorious robotic procedures using force sen-
sors,” Journal of Real-Time Image Processing, vol. 18, no. 5,
pp. 1773–1785, 2021.
Security and Communication Networks 9
[11] J. Q. Han, L. Hong-Qiang, and D. X. Zhong, “Analysis on
internal rules of industrial revolution development and trends
of future industry 5.0,” Information Technology and Infor-
matization, vol. 8, no. 4, 2016.
[12] S. K. Jagatheesaperuma, M. Rahouti, K. Ahmad, M. Guizani,
and A. Al-Fuqaha, “e duo of artificial intelligence and big
data for industry 4.0: review of applications, techniques,
challenges, and future research directions,” IEEE Internet of
ings Journal, 2021, https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.02425.
[13] E. Yuniriyanti, R. Sudarwati, and B. Nurdewanto, “Philan-
thropy as a form of social entrepreneurship in an effort to
empower ex migrant women workers: study at Malang dis-
trict, Indonesia,” e International Journal of Humanities &
Social Studies, vol. 8, no. 9, 2020.
[14] J. S. Hornsby, J. Messersmith, M. Rutherford, and
S. Simmons, “Entrepreneurship everywhere: across campus,
across communities, and across borders,” Journal of Small
Business Management, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 4–10, 2017.
[15] M. O. Faruk, N. Hassan, and N. Islam, “Factors influencing
the development of social entrepreneurship in Bangladesh,”
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2016, https://ssrn.com/
abstract=2856210 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2856210.
[16] J. Wang and C. Peng, “Factors influencing university students’
coastal ecology and environmental-friendly entrepreneurship
in coastal universities,” Journal of Coastal Research, vol. 109,
no. sp1, 2020.
[17] A. ˇ
Sneiderien˙e, R. Viederyt˙e, and L. Abele, “Green growth
assessment discourse on evaluation indices in the European
Union,” Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, vol. 8,
no. 2, pp. 360–369, 2020.
[18] E. Wahyono, L. M. Kolopaking, M. C. T. Sumarti, and
A. V. S. Hubeis, “Jaringan digital dan pengembangan
kewirausahaan sosial buruh migran perempuan,” Jurnal
ILMU KOMUNIKASI, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 57–76, 2019.
[19] M. Tali´c, M. Ivanovi´c-Ðuki´c, and T. RaCenovi´c, “Sustainable
entrepreneurship: creating opportunities for green products
development,” Economics of Sustainable Development, vol. 4,
no. 2, pp. 1–13, 2020.
[20] R. Yuniarto, “From entrepreneurship to social activist: the
role of Indonesian migrant entrepreneurs in taiwan and
socio- economic functions of return-migrant entrepre-
neurship in Malang, east java,” Entrepreneurship-Trends and
Challenges, vol. 2, 2018.
[21] A. Tleuberdinova, Z. Shayekina, D. Salauatova, and
S. Pratt, “Macro-economic factors influencing tourism
entrepreneurship: the case of Kazakhstan,” Journal of
Entrepreneurship, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 179–209, Article ID
097135572098143, 2021.
[22] V. O. Alejandra, G. E. Laura, Z. H. Manuel, and G. L. Cruz,
“Specification of a Local Entrepreneurship Model,” Revista de
Investigaci´
on Acad´
emica Sin Frontera: Divisi´
on de Ciencias
Econ´
omicas y Sociales, vol. 33, pp. 1–16, 2020.
[23] T. Khan, K. Singh, M. H. Hasan et al., “ETERS: a compre-
hensive energy aware trust-based efficient routing scheme for
adversarial WSNs,” Future Generation Computer Systems,
vol. 125, pp. 921–943, 2021.
10 Security and Communication Networks
