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i
Book of Extended Abstract
International E-Conference
on
Book of Extended Abstract * April 25, 2016

ii
© April 25, 2016
International E-conference
On
Current Trends in Environmental
Conservation and Adaptive Measures for
Climate Change
Edited by
Dr. J. N. Bhakta & Prof. B. B. Jana
Organized by
International Journal of Environmental and Technological Sciences (iJETs)
&
Centre for Environmental Protection & Human Resource Development (KSI)
&
Heritage Foundation Trust
&
R Int. Rural Human Resource Development

iii
International E-conference
On
Current Trends in Environmental
Conservation and Adaptive Measures for
Climate Change
Programme Schedule
Session 1: Environmental pollution and conservation
Session 1
Time (IST) 11.00 – 12.00
Chair Persons:
Prof. Bana B. Jana, E-mail: bbjana@gmail.com
Prof. Naba K. Mondal, E-mail: nkmenvbu@gmail.com
Prof. Y. Munekage, Japan , E-mail: yukimune31@gmail.com
Prof. Mohd Rafatullah, E-mail: mohd_rafatullah@yahoo.co.in
Dr. Jatindra N. Bhakta, E-mail: lsnjbhakta@gmail.com
Dr. Leonard Fletcher, Germany, E-mail: f.panning@gmx.com
Time
Topic, Author(s) & Address
11.00 -11.10
Laboratory scale investigation for remediation of heavy metal polluted bauxite mine waste Soil
by native bacterium Bacillus cereus
P. Anusha, D. Natarajan*
Natural Drug Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University, Salem,
Tamilnadu, India,
*E-mail: natarajpu@gmail.com

iv
11.11-11.20
Stimulating sediment bioremediation and sediment microbial fuel cells
Syed Z. Abbas, Mohd Rafatullah*, Norli Ismail, Muhammad I. Syakir
Division of Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia,
11800, Penang, Malaysia
*E-mail: mohd_rafatullah@yahoo.co.in, mrafatullah@usm.my
11.21-11.30
Biofuels wastes biomass as potential biosorbents for environmental bioremediation
Laura Bulgariu1*, Dumitru Bulgariu2**
1Technical University Gheorghe Asachi of Iasi, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental
Protection, Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Iasi, Romania,
2Al. I. Cuza University of Iasi, Faculty of Geography and Geology, Department of Geology and
Geochemistry, Iasi, Romania Romanian Academy, Filial of Iasi, Branch of Geography, Iasi, Romania
E-mail: * lbulg@ch.tuiasi.ro; ** dbulgariu@yahoo.com
11.31-1140
Assessment of health hazards of children from traditional biomass burning in West Bengal,
India
Deep Chakraborty, Naba K. Mondal*
1Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, University of Burdwan,
Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India
*E-mail: nkmenvbu@gmail.com
11.40-1150
Effect of low dose of mercuric chloride on water permeability of the germinating seeds of
cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)
Indrani Chakraborty1*, Atheny Konar 2,3, Tandra Sarkar 2,3, Anirban Sukul3, N.C. Sukul 3,4
1Department of Zoology, Belda College, Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal, India
2IIEST, Shibpur (Formerly Bengal Engineering College, BESU), Howrah, West Bengal, India
3Sukul Institute of Homeopathy, Santiniketan, West Bengal, India
3Department of Zoology, Visva Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal, India
*E-mail: indrani.nrs@gmail.com
11.51-11.53
Heavy metal remediation using bio-waste
Sukanta Rana
International Centre for Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani University of Kalyani, Kalyani
741235, West Bengal, India
E-mail: sukantarana013@gmail.com
11.53-11.56
Accumulation of Lead in Different Tropic Levels of Food Chain in Sewage-Fed East Kolkata
Wetland, West Bengal, India
Debajyoti Kundu1*, Subinoy Mondal**, Deblina Dutta***, Smaranya Haque****, Apurba R.
Ghosh*****
Department of Environmental Science, University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan 713104, West
Bengal, India
E-mail: * debajyoti69@gmail.com, ** msubinoy@gmail.com, *** deblina69envs@gmail.com, ****
mithihaque@gmail.com, ***** ghoshapurba2010@gmail.com

v
11.57-12.00
Phyto-remediation
Hossein Farraji
Environmental Engineering,Civil Engineering, Engineering campus , Universiti Sains Malaysia
(USM)
E-mail: faraji6211@gmail.com
Session 2: Ecofriendly and green industrial technology for combating
climate change
Session 2
Time (IST) 12.00 – 12.50
Chair Persons:
Prof. Ming Wei, Australia, E-mail: m.wei@griffith.edu.au
Prof. Abdullah M. El Mahd, E-mail: abdullahcorr@gmail.com
Prof. Bana B. Jana, E-mail: bbjana@gmail.com
Dr. Jattindra N. Bhakta, E-mail: lsnjbhakta@gmail.com
Time
Topic, Author(s) & Address
12.00 -11.10
Biodegradation of hydrocarbon crude oil using agro-industrial wastes as co-substrates
Abdullah M. El Mahdi1*, Hamidi A. Aziz2**
Technical Advisor, Arabian Gulf Oil Co. (AGOCO), Benghazi/Libya
Environmental Engineering, Solid Waste Management Cluster (SWAM@USM) Universiti Sains
Malaysia (USM), 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
E-mail: * elmahdy@agoco.com.ly, abdullahcorr@gmail.com; ** cehamidi@usm.my,
cehamidi@yahoo.com
12.11-12.20
Prolonged temperature dependent changes of bacterial diversity to predict how bacterial
community structure responses against changing climate
Md. Rokunuzzaman1*, Jatindra N. Bhakta1,2**
1Research Institute of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, B200, Monobe,
Nankoku, Kochi - 783-8502, Japan
2International Centre for Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani, Kalyani–741235, West
Bengal, India;; Heritage Foundation, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
E-mail: * milon_es20@yahoo.com, ** lsnjbhakta@gmail.com
12.21-12.30
Assessing the cattle manure mediated cellulase activity and cellulose decomposing bacterial
growth in the polyhouse enclosure of the pond system
Debarati Ghosh, S. Lahiri, Jatindra N. Bhakta, Bana B. Jana
Department of Ecological Studies and International Centre for Ecological Engineering,University of
Kalyani, Kalyani-741235, West Bengal
E-mail: minku_lahiri@gmail.co.in, bbjana@gmail.com
12.31-12.40
Effect of climate change on algal lipid biochemistry, essential fatty acid production and human
health
Chiranjiv Pradhan1 , Sweta Das2
1Department of Fish Nutrition and Feed Technology, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean

vi
Studies, Panangad, Kochi-682506, Kerala
2Fish Health Management Division, Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga,
Bhubaneswar, Odisha
E-mail: cpradhankufos@gmail.com
12.41-12.50
Prevalence of gout diseases in rural environments
Susmita Sau1, Puja Das2, Dibyendu B. Ghosh1
1Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Vidyasagar Institute of Health, Vidyasagara University,
Rangamati, Paschim Medinipur 721101
2Heritage Little Hearts, R. Int. Rural Human Resource Development, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal,
India,
E-mail: susmita.sau15@yahoo.in
Session 3: Green energy for combating climate change
And
Session 5: Ecological restoration, management and environmental green
economics
Session 3 & 5
Time (IST) 13.00 – 14.20
Chair Persons:
Prof. Le Thanh Son, E-mail: sonlt@vnu.edu.vn
Prof. Asish K. Panigrahi, Email: panigrahi.ashis@gmail.com
Dr. Susmita Lahiri, E-mail: minku_lahiri@yahoo.com
Dr. Frank Panning, Germany, E-mail: f.panning@gmx.com
Dr. Johannes Heeb, Switzerland, E-mail: johannes.heeb@seecon.ch
Prof. Manoj K. Pradhan, E-mail: heritagefoundationtrust2011@gmail.com
Time
Topic, Author(s) & Address
13.00 -13.10
Synthesis and characterization of alkaline and superacid solid catalysts for biodiesel
productions
Le T. Son, Do T. Hieu, Dinh N. Khang
Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, 19 Le Thanh Tong Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
E-mail: sonlt@vnu.edu.vn
13.11-13.20
Ecological degradation due to anthropogenic disturbances and its effect on changing socio-
economic status of river side fishermen community: a case study on river Churni, West Bengal
Asish K. Panigrahi
Professor & Former Head, Department Of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, Nadia,
West Bengal, India
Email: panigrahi.ashis@gmail.com
13.21-13.30
Efficiency of Ferrosorp and Ferric Hydroxide for Phosphorous Removal from Domestic
Wastewater
Ankita Bhattacharjee, Susmita Lahiri, Jatindra N. Bhakta , Frank Panning, Leonard Fletcher,
Bana B. Jana

vii
International Centre for Ecological Engineering, Department of Environmental Management,
University of Kalyani, Kalyani -741235, West Bengal, India
E-mail: bbjana@gmail.com
13.31-13.40
Treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater by packed bed column
Deblina Dutta*, Debajyoti Kundu, Jayanta K. Datta, Tarakeshwar Senapati
Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan 713 104,
West Bengal, India.
* E-mail: deblina69envs@gmail.com
13.41-13.50
A preliminary survey on impacts of fast–food habits on human and environmental health and
effects on economic sustainability
Mousumi Kundu1, Manoj K. Pradhan1,2, Bubai Bhakta2, Uttam Bhakta2, Jatindra N. Bhakta1,2,3
1Heritage Foundation, Kolkata 700104, West Bengal, India
2Heritage Little Hearts, R. Int. Rural Human Resource Development, Purba Medinipur 721453, West
Bengal, India
3International Centre for Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West
Bengal, India
E-mail: mousumikundupu@gmail.com, heritagefoundationtrust2011@gmail.com,
lsnbhakta@gmail.com
13.51-14.00
Environmental Awareness in Changing Climatic Conditions
O.Yasaswitha, K. Jessica Varghese, D.Bhavya Kavitha, V.Saritha
Department of Environmental Studies, GITAM Institute of Science, GITAM University,
Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.
E-mail: vsjr08@gmail.com
14.01-14.10
Identifying the socio-economic problems emphasizing on water resource and sanitation in the
village Swaupgunj near ISCON, Mayapur, Nadia, West Bengal
Soma Debnath1, Rumpa Paul1, Jatindra N. Bhakta1, Santana Jana1, Paritosh Ghanti1, Ken
Gnanakan2, Bana B. Jana1*
1Kalyani Shine India (Centre for Environmental Protection & Human Resource Development) , B-
10/289, Kalyani- 741235, West Bengal, India
2ACTS Group and William Carey University, Shillong, Meghalaya
* E-mail: bbjana@gmail.com, lsnjbhakta@gmail.com
14.11-14.20
Surveying the socio-economic status, water resource and sanitation in two villages (Dogachia
and Gayeshpur) in Southern Part of Nadia, West Bengal
Debopriya Panja1, Sridhar Pal-Chawdhury1, Jatindra N. Bhakta1, Santana Jana1, Paritosh Ghanti1,
Ken Gnanakan2 Bana B. Jana1*
1Kalyani Shine India (Centre for Environmental Protection & Human Resource Development), B-
10/289, Kalyani- 741235, West Bengal, India
2ACTS Group and William Carey University, Shillong, Meghalaya
* E-mail: bbjana@gmail.com, lsnjbhakta@gmail.com

viii
Session 4: Green agro-industry for combating climate change
Session 4
Time (IST) 14.30 – 17.10
Chair Persons:
Prof. Biswapati Mandal, E-mail: mandalbiswapati@rediffmail.com
Prof. Bana B. Jana, E-mail: bbjana@gmail.com
Prof. M. A. El. Missiary, Egypt, maelmissiry@yahoo.com
Dr.. Shib K. Das, E-mail: skdaswbuafs@gmail.com
Prof. P. Ghanti, E-mail: ijets001@gmail.com
Dr. Ken Gnanakan, E-mail: ken@gnanakan.com
Time
Topic, Author(s) & Address
14.30-14.40
Biofloc technology in mitigating luminescent Vibrio problems in shrimp aquaculture
Amit Mandal *, Shib K. Das**
Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, W.B.U.A.F.S. Kolkata-700094, West Bengal,
India
Email: * amwbuafs@gmail.com ; ** skdaswbuafs@gmail.com
14.41-14.50
Soil organic carbon dynamics in alfisols under long-term (28 years) rice-wheat cropping system
in sub-humid India
Ashim Datta1, Biswapati Mandal2
1ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal- 132 001, Haryana
2Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya,
Kalyani – 741235, West Bengal, India
E-Mail: ashimdatta2007@gmail.com
14.51-15.00
Climate resilient aquaculture in India
Riya Dinda*, Shib K. Das**, Amit Mandal***
Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, W.B.U.A.F.S. Kolkata-700094, West Bengal,
India
Email: * mum.ree@gmail.com; ** skdaswbuafs@gmail.com; *** amwbuafs@gmail.com
15.01-15.10
The ameliorating effect of plant ingredients and vitamin C in UV-B irradiated major carp, Catla
catla
JaiGopal Sharma, Moirangthem K. Singh
Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, India
E-mail: sharmajaigopal@yahoo.com
15.11-15.20
Immunodetection of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in water flocculated by the addition of
flocculating agent
Amrita Rani1, K. S. Ramesh2, Arunima Deka1
1Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, W.B.U.A.F.S. Kolkata-700094, West
Bengal, India
2College of Fisheries, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
E-mail:: amritar26@gmail.com

ix
15.21-15.30
Indigenous low cost technique Kangra Kal for crab capturing and Kuro Jali for small fish and
shrimp capturing in Hooghly district of West Bengal, India
Arka Chowdhury*, Shib K. Das**, Amit Mandal***
Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, W.B.U.A.F.S. Kolkata-700094, West Bengal,
India
Email: * arka406@gmail.com, ** skdaswbuafs@gmail.com, *** amwbuafs@gmail.com
15.31-15.40
Alterations in the management practices of composite fish farming in North 24 Parganas
district, West Bengal
Banasree Biswas*, Shib K. Das**, Amit Mandal***
Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, W.B.U.A.F.S. Kolkata-700094, West Bengal,
India
Email: * simaffsc09@gmail.com, ** skdaswbuafs@gmail.com, *** amwbuafs@gmail.com
15.41-15.50
Effect of differently processed taro (Colocasia esculenta) corms on proximate composition and
digestive enzyme activity for amur common carp, Cyprinus carpio
Arunima Deka1, Biswajyoti Bordoloi2
1Faculty of Fishery Sciences, WBUAFS, Kolkata, India
2College of Fisheries, Central Agricultural University, Tripura, India
E-mail: barunima24@gmail.com
15.51-16.00
Implementing rainwater harvesting method: A case study of Mukutmanipur water reserver,
West Bengal, India
Goutam Bera1*, Nilay K. Barman2
1Department. of Geography and Environmental Management, Vidyasagar University, West
Medinipur,West Bengal, PIN-721102, India
2Assistant Professor, Dept of Geography, Hijli College, nilay@csws.in
*E-mail: gmtbr0@gmail.com
16.01-16.10
Manure driven carbon status in a constructed Mesocosm under simulated green house condition
Deblina Dutta1, Debajyoti Kundu1, Jatindra N. Bhakta2, Susmita Lahiri1, Bana B. Jana2*
1International Centre for Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani, Kalyani-741235, West
Bengal, India
2Centre for Environmental Protection and Human Resource Development (Kalyani Shine India), B-
10/289, Kalyani-741235, West Bengal, India
*E-mail: bjjana@gmail.com
16.11-16.20
Integrated farming: A closed loop of continuous waste recycling for conserving environment and
combating climate change
Bubai Bhakta1, Uttam Bhakta1, Mousumi Kundu2, Jatindra N. Bhakta3, Bana. B. Jana3, Paritogh
Ghanti4, Manoj K. Pradhan2
1Heritage Little Hearts, R. Int. Rural Human Resource Development, Purba Medinipur 721453, West
Bengal, India
2Heritage Foundation, M.G. Road, Kalitala Housing, Thakurpukur, Kolkata- 700104, West Bengal,
India
3International Centre for Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani University of Kalyani,
Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India
4Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya (BCKV), Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741252, India
E-mail: lsnjbhakta@gmail.com, bbjana@gmail.com, papu_83@yahoo.co.in

x
16.21-16.30
Winter breeding of tilapia induced by the interactions of polyhouse raised temperature and
manure driven holistic environment in small holding tanks
Bana B. Jana1,2 Debojyoti Kundu1, Deblina Datta1, Susmita Lahiri1, Sujoy Bag1, Jatindra N.
Bhakta1,2, Santana Jana2, Ken Gnanakan3
1International Centre for Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani, Kalyani- 741235, West
Bengal, India
2Centre for Environmental Protection and Human Resource Development (Kalyani Shine India), B-
10/289, Kalyani – 741235, West Bengal, India
3William Carrey University, Shillong, Meghalyaay, India
E-mail; bbjana@gmail.com, minku_lahiri@yahoo.com
16.31-16.40
Sub-lethal effect of spinosad and natural products on agricultural pest population and their eco-
friendly management plan
Nithar R. Madhu1*, 2Bhanumati Sarkar2
1Department of Zoology, Acharya Prafulla Chandra College, New Barrackpur, West Bengal, India;
2Department of Botany, Acharya Prafulla Chandra College, New Barrackpur, West Bengal, India.
*E-mail: nithar_1@yahoo.com
16.41-16.50
Potential role of organic farming and food in combating global environmental changes
Puja Das1, Susmita Sau2, Jatindra N. Bhakta3
1Heritage Little Hearts, R. Int. Rural Human Resource Development, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal,
India; Vidyasagar University, West Medinipur,West Bengal, PIN-721102
2Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Vidyasagar Institute of Health, Vidyasagara University,
Rangamati, Paschim Medinipur 721101
International Cerntre for Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West
Bengal, India
E-mail daspujamunu1993@gmail.com
16.51-17.00
Organic food – Impact on health and society
Subrata Pandit1, Jatindra N. Bhakta2,3, Sukanta Rana2,3
1R. Int. Rural Human Resource Development, Purbamedinipur, West Bengal, India, Pin 71453
2International Centre for Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West
Bengal, India
3Centre for Environmental Protection and Human Resource Development (Kalyani Shine India), B-
10/289, Kalyani – 741235, West Bengal, India
Email:subratapandit@gmail.com
17.00-17.10
Potentials of water chest nut trapa for reducing global warming and promoting rural economy
Sourav Nandi1, Pradyut Ghosh1, Susmita Lahiri1, Sujoy Bag1, Jayanta K. Biswas1, Santana Jana2,
Jatinrda N. Bhakta1, Bana B. Jana1,2
1International Centre for Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani, Kalyani- 741235, West
Bengal,India
2Centre for Environmental Protection & Human Resource Development (KSI), Kalyani- 741235, West
Bengal, India
17.11-17.20
Impacts of climate change in fish reproduction
Sourav Dhaba*, T.K.Ghosh
Student, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, WBUAFS, 5-Budherhat Road,
Panchasayar, Kolkata-94
*E-mail: Email: souravdhabal@gmail.com, ghoshtapas61@gmail.com
***

xi
Sl No.
Topics
Page No.
1
Laboratory scale investigation for remediation of heavy metal polluted bauxite mine waste
Soil by native bacterium Bacillus cereus
P. Anusha, D. Natarajan*
Natural Drug Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University, Salem,
Tamilnadu, India,
*E-mail: natarajpu@gmail.com
1 - 2
2
Stimulating sediment bioremediation and sediment microbial fuel cells
Syed Z. Abbas, Mohd Rafatullah*, Norli Ismail, Muhammad I. Syakir
Division of Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia,
11800, Penang, Malaysia
*E-mail: mohd_rafatullah@yahoo.co.in, mrafatullah@usm.my
3
3
Biofuels wastes biomass as potential biosorbents for environmental bioremediation
Laura Bulgariu1*, Dumitru Bulgariu2**
1Technical University Gheorghe Asachi of Iasi, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and
Environmental Protection, Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Iasi,
Romania,
2Al. I. Cuza University of Iasi, Faculty of Geography and Geology, Department of Geology and
Geochemistry, Iasi, Romania Romanian Academy, Filial of Iasi, Branch of Geography, Iasi,
Romania
E-mail: * lbulg@ch.tuiasi.ro; ** dbulgariu@yahoo.com
4
4
Assessment of health hazards of children from traditional biomass burning in West Bengal,
India
Deep Chakraborty, Naba K. Mondal*
1Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, University of
Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India
*E-mail: nkmenvbu@gmail.com
5
5
Effect of low dose of mercuric chloride on water permeability of the germinating seeds of
cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)
Indrani Chakraborty1*, Atheny Konar 2,3, Tandra Sarkar 2,3, Anirban Sukul3, N.C. Sukul 3,4
1Department of Zoology, Belda College, Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal, India
2IIEST, Shibpur (Formerly Bengal Engineering College, BESU), Howrah, West Bengal, India
3Sukul Institute of Homeopathy, Santiniketan, West Bengal, India
3Department of Zoology, Visva Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal, India
*E-mail: indrani.nrs@gmail.com
6
6
Heavy metal remediation using bio-waste
Sukanta Rana
International Centre for Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani University of Kalyani,
Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India
E-mail: sukantarana013@gmail.com
7

xii
7
Accumulation of Lead in Different Tropic Levels of Food Chain in Sewage-Fed East Kolkata
Wetland, West Bengal, India
Debajyoti Kundu1*, Subinoy Mondal**, Deblina Dutta***, Smaranya Haque****, Apurba R.
Ghosh*****
Department of Environmental Science, University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan 713104, West
Bengal, India
E-mail: * debajyoti69@gmail.com, ** msubinoy@gmail.com, *** deblina69envs@gmail.com, ****
mithihaque@gmail.com, ***** ghoshapurba2010@gmail.com
8 - 9
8
Phyto-remediation
Hossein Farraji
Environmental Engineering,Civil Engineering, Engineering campus , Universiti Sains Malaysia
(USM)
E-mail: faraji6211@gmail.com
10
9
Biodegradation of hydrocarbon crude oil using agro-industrial wastes as co-substrates
Abdullah M. El Mahdi1*, Hamidi A. Aziz2**
Technical Advisor, Arabian Gulf Oil Co. (AGOCO), Benghazi/Libya
Environmental Engineering, Solid Waste Management Cluster (SWAM@USM) Universiti Sains
Malaysia (USM), 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
E-mail: * elmahdy@agoco.com.ly, abdullahcorr@gmail.com; ** cehamidi@usm.my,
cehamidi@yahoo.com
11 - 12
10
Analysis of prolonged temperature dependent changes of bacterial diversity to predict how
bacterial community structure responses against changing climate
Md. Rokunuzzaman1*, Jatindra N. Bhakta1,2**
1Research Institute of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, B200, Monobe,
Nankoku, Kochi - 783-8502, Japan
2International Centre for Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani, Kalyani–741235, West
Bengal, India;; Heritage Foundation, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
E-mail: * milon_es20@yahoo.com, ** lsnjbhakta@gmail.com
13 - 14
11
Assessing the cattle manure mediated cellulase activity and cellulose decomposing bacterial
growth in the polyhouse enclosure of the pond system
Debarati Ghosh, S. Lahiri, Jatindra N. Bhakta, Bana B. Jana
Department of Ecological Studies and International Centre for Ecological Engineering,University
of Kalyani, Kalyani-741235, West Bengal
E-mail: minku_lahiri@gmail.co.in, bbjana@gmail.com
14 - 17
12
Effect of climate change on algal lipid biochemistry, essential fatty acid production and
human health
Chiranjiv Pradhan1 , Sweta Das2
1Department of Fish Nutrition and Feed Technology, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean
Studies, Panangad, Kochi-682506, Kerala
2Fish Health Management Division, Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga,
Bhubaneswar, Odisha
E-mail: cpradhankufos@gmail.com
18

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13
Prevalence of gout diseases in rural environments
Susmita Sau1, Puja Das2, Dibyendu B. Ghosh1
1Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Vidyasagar Institute of Health, Vidyasagara University,
Rangamati, Paschim Medinipur 721101
2Heritage Little Hearts, R. Int. Rural Human Resource Development, Purba Medinipur, West
Bengal, India,
E-mail: susmita.sau15@yahoo.in
19
14
Synthesis and characterization of alkaline and superacid solid catalysts for biodiesel
productions
Le T. Son, Do T. Hieu, Dinh N. Khang
Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, 19 Le Thanh Tong Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
E-mail: sonlt@vnu.edu.vn
20
15
Ecological degradation due to anthropogenic disturbances and its effect on changing socio-
economic status of river side fishermen community: a case study on river Churni, West Bengal
Asish K. Panigrahi
Professor & Former Head, Department Of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, Nadia,
West Bengal, India
Email: panigrahi.ashis@gmail.com
21 - 22
16
Efficiency of Ferrosorp and Ferric Hydroxide for Phosphorous Removal from Domestic
Wastewater
Ankita Bhattacharjee, Susmita Lahiri, Jatindra N. Bhakta , Frank Panning, Leonard Fletcher,
Bana B. Jana
International Centre for Ecological Engineering, Department of Environmental Management,
University of Kalyani, Kalyani -741235, West Bengal, India
E-mail: bbjana@gmail.com
23 - 25
17
Treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater by packed bed column
Deblina Dutta*, Debajyoti Kundu, Jayanta K. Datta, Tarakeshwar Senapati
Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan 713 104,
West Bengal, India.
* E-mail: deblina69envs@gmail.com
26 - 27
18
A preliminary survey on impacts of fast–food habits on human and environmental health and
effects on economic sustainability
Mousumi Kundu1, Manoj K. Pradhan1,2, Bubai Bhakta2, Uttam Bhakta2, Jatindra N. Bhakta1,2,3
1Heritage Foundation, Kolkata 700104, West Bengal, India
2Heritage Little Hearts, R. Int. Rural Human Resource Development, Purba Medinipur 721453,
West Bengal, India
3International Centre for Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West
Bengal, India
E-mail: mousumikundupu@gmail.com, heritagefoundationtrust2011@gmail.com,
lsnbhakta@gmail.com
28 - 29
19
Environmental Awareness in Changing Climatic Conditions
O.Yasaswitha, K. Jessica Varghese, D.Bhavya Kavitha, V.Saritha
Department of Environmental Studies, GITAM Institute of Science, GITAM University,
Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.
E-mail: vsjr08@gmail.com
30 - 31

xiv
20
Identifying the socio-economic problems emphasizing on water resource and sanitation in the
village Swaupgunj near ISCON, Mayapur, Nadia, West Bengal
Soma Debnath1, Rumpa Paul1, Jatindra N. Bhakta1, Santana Jana1, Paritosh Ghanti1, Ken
Gnanakan2, Bana B. Jana1*
1Kalyani Shine India (Centre for Environmental Protection & Human Resource Development) , B-
10/289, Kalyani- 741235, West Bengal, India
2ACTS Group and William Carey University, Shillong, Meghalaya
* E-mail: bbjana@gmail.com, lsnjbhakta@gmail.com
32 - 34
21
Surveying the socio-economic status, water resource and sanitation in two villages (Dogachia
and Gayeshpur) in Southern Part of Nadia, West Bengal
Debopriya Panja1, Sridhar Pal-Chawdhury1, Jatindra N. Bhakta1, Santana Jana1, Paritosh
Ghanti1, Ken Gnanakan2 Bana B. Jana1*
1Kalyani Shine India (Centre for Environmental Protection & Human Resource Development), B-
10/289, Kalyani- 741235, West Bengal, India
2ACTS Group and William Carey University, Shillong, Meghalaya
* E-mail: bbjana@gmail.com, lsnjbhakta@gmail.com
35 - 36
22
Biofloc technology in mitigating luminescent Vibrio problems in shrimp aquaculture
Amit Mandal *, Shib K. Das**
Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, W.B.U.A.F.S. Kolkata-700094, West
Bengal, India
Email: * amwbuafs@gmail.com ; **skdaswbuafs@gmail.com
37 - 39
23
Soil organic carbon dynamics in alfisols under long-term (28 years) rice-wheat cropping
system in sub-humid India
Ashim Datta1, Biswapati Mandal2
1ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal- 132 001, Haryana
2Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya,
Kalyani – 741235, West Bengal, India
E-Mail: ashimdatta2007@gmail.com
40 - 41
24
Climate resilient aquaculture in India
Riya Dinda*, Shib K. Das**, Amit Mandal***
Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, W.B.U.A.F.S. Kolkata-700094, West
Bengal, India
Email: * mum.ree@gmail.com; ** skdaswbuafs@gmail.com; *** amwbuafs@gmail.com
42 - 43
25
The ameliorating effect of plant ingredients and vitamin C in UV-B irradiated major carp,
Catla catla
JaiGopal Sharma, Moirangthem K. Singh
Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, India
E-mail: sharmajaigopal@yahoo.com
44
26
Immunodetection of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in water flocculated by the addition of
flocculating agent
Amrita Rani1, K. S. Ramesh2, Arunima Deka1
1Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, W.B.U.A.F.S. Kolkata-700094, West
Bengal, India
2College of Fisheries, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
E-mail:: amritar26@gmail.com
45 - 46

xv
27
Indigenous low cost technique Kangra Kal for crab capturing and Kuro Jali for small fish and
shrimp capturing in Hooghly district of West Bengal, India
Arka Chowdhury*, Shib K. Das**, Amit Mandal***
Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, W.B.U.A.F.S. Kolkata-700094, West
Bengal, India
Email: * arka406@gmail.com, ** skdaswbuafs@gmail.com, *** amwbuafs@gmail.com
47
28
Alterations in the management practices of composite fish farming in North 24 Parganas
district, West Bengal
Banasree Biswas*, Shib K. Das**, Amit Mandal***
Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, W.B.U.A.F.S. Kolkata-700094, West
Bengal, India
Email: * simaffsc09@gmail.com, ** skdaswbuafs@gmail.com,*** amwbuafs@gmail.com
48 - 49
29
Effect of differently processed taro (Colocasia esculenta) corms on proximate composition and
digestive enzyme activity for amur common carp, Cyprinus carpio
Arunima Deka1, Biswajyoti Bordoloi2
1Faculty of Fishery Sciences, WBUAFS, Kolkata, India
2College of Fisheries, Central Agricultural University, Tripura, India
E-mail: barunima24@gmail.com
50 - 51
30
Implementing rainwater harvesting method: A case study of Mukutmanipur water reserver,
West Bengal, India
Goutam Bera1*, Nilay K. Barman2
1Department. of Geography and Environmental Management, Vidyasagar University, West
Medinipur,West Bengal, PIN-721102, India
2Assistant Professor, Dept of Geography, Hijli College, nilay@csws.in
*E-mail: gmtbr0@gmail.com
52
31
Manure driven carbon status in a constructed Mesocosm under simulated green house
condition
Deblina Dutta1, Debajyoti Kundu1, Jatindra N. Bhakta2, Susmita Lahiri1, Bana B. Jana2*
1International Centre for Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani, Kalyani-741235, West
Bengal, India
2Centre for Environmental Protection and Human Resource Development (Kalyani Shine India), B-
10/289, Kalyani-741235, West Bengal, India
*E-mail: bjjana@gmail.com
53 - 55
32
Integrated farming: A closed loop of continuous waste recycling for conserving environment
and combating climate change
Bubai Bhakta1, Uttam Bhakta1, Mousumi Kundu2, Jatindra N. Bhakta3, Bana. B. Jana3, Paritogh
Ghanti4, Manoj K. Pradhan2
1Heritage Little Hearts, R. Int. Rural Human Resource Development, Purba Medinipur 721453,
West Bengal, India
2Heritage Foundation, M.G. Road, Kalitala Housing, Thakurpukur, Kolkata- 700104, West Bengal,
India
3International Centre for Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani University of Kalyani,
Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India
4Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya (BCKV), Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741252, India
E-mail: lsnjbhakta@gmail.com, bbjana@gmail.com, papu_83@yahoo.co.in
56 - 57

xvi
33
Winter breeding of tilapia induced by the interactions of polyhouse raised temperature and
manure driven holistic environment in small holding tanks
Bana B. Jana1,2 Debojyoti Kundu1, Deblina Datta1, Susmita Lahiri1, Sujoy Bag1, Jatindra N.
Bhakta1,2, Santana Jana2, Ken Gnanakan3
1International Centre for Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani, Kalyani- 741235, West
Bengal, India
2Centre for Environmental Protection and Human Resource Development (Kalyani Shine India), B-
10/289, Kalyani – 741235, West Bengal, India
3William Carrey University, Shillong, Meghalyaay, India
E-mail; bbjana@gmail.com, minku_lahiri@yahoo.com
58 - 59
34
Sub-lethal effect of spinosad and natural products on agricultural pest population and their
eco-friendly management plan
Nithar R. Madhu1*, 2Bhanumati Sarkar2
1Department of Zoology, Acharya Prafulla Chandra College, New Barrackpur, West Bengal, India;
2Department of Botany, Acharya Prafulla Chandra College, New Barrackpur, West Bengal, India.
*E-mail: nithar_1@yahoo.com
60
35
Potential role of organic farming and food in combating global environmental changes
Puja Das1, Susmita Sau2, Jatindra N. Bhakta3
1Heritage Little Hearts, R. Int. Rural Human Resource Development, Purba Medinipur, West
Bengal, India; Vidyasagar University, West Medinipur,West Bengal, PIN-721102
2Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Vidyasagar Institute of Health, Vidyasagara University,
Rangamati, Paschim Medinipur 721101
3International Centre for Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West
Bengal, India
E-mail daspujamunu1993@gmail.com
61 - 63
36
Organic food – Impact on health and society
Subrata Pandit1, Jatindra N. Bhakta2,3, Sukanta Rana2,3
1R. Int. Rural Human Resource Development, Purbamedinipur, West Bengal, India, Pin 71453
2International Centre for Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani, Kalyani- 741235, West
Bengal, India
3Centre for Environmental Protection and Human Resource Development (Kalyani Shine India), B-
10/289, Kalyani – 741235, West Bengal, India
Email:subratapandit@gmail.com
64 - 65
37
Potentials of water chest nut trapa for reducing global warming and promoting rural economy
Sourav Nandi1, Pradyut Ghosh1, Susmita Lahiri1, Sujoy Bag1, Jayanta K. Biswas1, Santana
Jana2, Jatinrda N. Bhakta1, Bana B. Jana1,2
1International Centre for Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani, Kalyani- 741235, West
Bengal, India
2Centre for Environmental Protection & Human Resource Development (KSI), Kalyani- 741235,
West Bengal, India
Email:bbjana@gmail.com
66 - 67
38
Impacts of climate change in fish reproduction
Sourav Dhaba*, T.K.Ghosh
Student, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, WBUAFS, 5-Budherhat Road,
Panchasayar, Kolkata-94
*E-mail: Email: souravdhabal@gmail.com, ghoshtapas61@gmail.com
68 - 69

International E-Conference on “Current Trends in Environmental Conservation & Management as Adaptive Measures for Climate Change”
1
Int J Env Tech Sci © April 25, 2016
www.journalijets.org
CONFERENCE ABSTRACT
Laboratory scale investigation for remediation of
heavy metal polluted bauxite mine waste Soil by
native bacterium Bacillus cereus
P. Anusha, D. Natarajan*
Natural Drug Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University, Salem, Tamilnadu, India
*E-mail: mdnataraj@rediffmail.com; natarajpu@gmail.com
ABS TR AC T
Cleanup of polluted environment is a major as well as the primary goal of many industries and government
agencies in the world. A vast number of methods used for the remediation of heavy metals contaminated soil
through physical, chemical and biological methods. Bioremediation by indigenous metal tolerant
microorganisms are most applicable, reliable, low cost and accepted as safe and efficient one. The present
study investigated Ex-situ remediation of metal polluted soil sample was performed for the removal of
Chromium (Cr) and Manganese (Mn).
Metal polluted soil was excavated from the bauxite mined site, Kolli hills using sterile shovel. Soil
samples were air-dried and homogenized, then packed in transparent fiber column (30cm length, 5cm
diameter and 5mm thickness) with 2kg of soil. Soil was added through powder funnel and column was
packed by the dry packing method. At the inlet and outlet area of the column was partially covered with the
absorbent cotton to avoid the soil enter to the elution. The Peristaltic pump, which has two rollers and have
flow rate capacity ranges from 0.1ml to 100ml/min. The flow rate was calculated based on the one pore
volume of culture which can be saturated by the packed soil column. From inlet to inoculum flask and outlet
to elution collection bottles were connected by thermo stable, flexible silicon tubes (3mm size). The native
bacterium Bacillus cereus (A1-4) was inoculated through by column inlet using a peristaltic pump with (0.5
Optical Density) 1% inoculum and the elution was collected every 3rd day of incubation. After a month of
process, the treated and untreated soil samples (0.5g) were acid digested by 5ml of concentrated acid and
diluted with 50ml deionized water. The digested suspension was filtered to get a clear solution and it was
analyzed for the metal content by ICP-OES method. Chromium and Manganese concentration determined at
standard wavelength of 267.716 nm and 257.610nm, respectively.
The result shown control soil has a high concentration of Manganese (115.8mg/kg) and Chromium
(156.6mg/kg). The elution taken from the column reflects the mobility of the metal content from the soil
sample. The metal content was drastically reduced in the treated soils i.e. 99.3 % of chromium and 22.79%
of manganese (Table.1). The flow rate is greatly affecting the metal ion uptake. In this study, 8.3ml/min
flow rate was used based on the volume of the inoculum and 10.41 rpm for peristaltic pump and 500ml/hour
inoculum was standardized. In fact, the favorable ion uptake was obtained when the flow rate was
maintained at 8.3ml/min. Higher flow rate depicts the lower efficiency of metal removal. The results of this
work highlights that, chromium is tremendously (99.3%) removed by the native bacteria than manganese.
This study also demonstrates the bioremediation potential of heavy metals from polluted soil and this
technique will be used in the large scale remediation of contaminated soils for the betterment of
environmental health. This study was funded by Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), New
Delhi under Young Scientist Scheme (Ref No. SB/YS/LS-25/2013; dated 12.08.2013).
Keywords: Bauxite mine, Heavy metal, Bacillus cereus (A1-4), Bioremediation

International E-Conference on “Current Trends in Environmental Conservation & Management as Adaptive Measures for Climate Change”
2
Fig. 1 Column setup for labscale remediation process [Inoculum B)Peristaltic Pump C) Elution Bottle D)
Packed Column E) Inlet F) Outlet]
Table 1 Metal concentration analysis of pre and post treated soils by ICP-OES
Sl.No
Metal
Control soil
(mg/kg)
Treated soil
(mg/kg)
WHO Limits
(mg/kg)
% of
reduction
1
Chromium
156.6
1.085
1.3
99.3%
2
Manganese
115.8
89.4
20
22.79%

International E-Conference on “Current Trends in Environmental Conservation & Management as Adaptive Measures for Climate Change”
3
Int J Env Tech Sci © April 25, 2016
www.journalijets.org
CONFERENCE ABSTRACT
Stimulating sediment bioremediation and
sediment microbial fuel cells
Syed Z. Abbas, Mohd Rafatullah*, Norli Ismail, Muhammad I. Syakir
Division of Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
*E-mail address: mohd_rafatullah@yahoo.co.in, mrafatullah@usm.my
ABS TR AC T
Aquatic sediments are the ultimate sinks of pollutants in the river environment and it constitutes an
important medium for scientific research. The most popular transporters of toxic metals are
sediments. The sediment remediation includes many traditional methods like monitored natural
recovery, in-situ and ex-situ treatment. There are many limitations of these methods like they are
too much expensive, very slow and no proper electron donor or acceptor source. So, microbial fuel
cell (MFC) may be the promising tool for the remediation of sediments and harvesting the
electricity from sediments. An MFC is a device that generates the electricity by bacterial oxidation
of substrates that are either organic or inorganic. A sediment microbial fuel cell (SMFC) is a type
of MFC that has recently attracted significantly attentions due to its unique property of removing
organic and inorganic compounds from sediments. The expected outcomes of this study will be the
comparison of natural and stimulated SMFCs heavy metals removal abilities, electricity harvesting
from both natural aerobic and anaerobic SMFCs, optimization of SMFCs performance at different
external factors and morphology of electrodes biofilms and bacterial community analysis of
SMFCs electrodes.
Keywords: Bioremediation, Electrodes, Sediment microbial fuel cell, Stimulation

International E-Conference on “Current Trends in Environmental Conservation & Management as Adaptive Measures for Climate Change”
4
Int J Env Tech Sci © April 25, 2016
www.journalijets.org
CONFERENCE ABSTRACT
Biofuels wastes biomass as potential biosorbents
for environmental bioremediation
Laura Bulgariu1, Dumitru Bulgariu2
1Technical University Gheorghe Asachi of Iasi, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Department of Environmental
Engineering and Management, Iasi, Romania,
2Al. I. Cuza University of Iasi, Faculty of Geography and Geology, Department of Geology and Geochemistry, Iasi, Romania Romanian Academy, Filial of
Iasi, Branch of Geography, Iasi, Romania
E-mail: lbulg@ch.tuiasi.ro; dbulgariu@yahoo.com
ABS TR AC T
The intensification of human activities has increased the environmental pollution problems, due to the
accumulation of harmful pollutants, such as heavy metals. From this perspective, the development of
economical and eco-friendly method that can be used in various situations for to reduce the heavy metals
pollution of environment is a required condition for sustainable development. The utilization of biosorption
for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous media has gained credibility in the last years, because offers
and efficient and cost-alternative compared to conventional bioremediation techniques. The good efficiency,
minimization of secondary (chemical or biological) wastes are only several important advantages of
biosorption, that have proven to be adequate for removal of heavy metals in high volume of aqueous
solution, with relatively low metal ions concentration. However, the cost of the biosorbents is the most
important factor in view of the applicability of the biosorption process in environment bioremediation, at
large scale. In this chapter, the potential use of a new class of low-cost materials, namely biofules wastes
biomass in biosorption processes of various heavy metals from aqueous solution, is presented. A detailed
description of factors that influenced the biosorption process is outlined, along with new updates on
biosorption process modeling and some recent advanced in mechanism elucidation. The experimental results
have indicated that the biofules wastes biomass have potential to become effective and economical
biosorbents for environmental bioremediation contaminated with heavy metals.
Keywords: Biofuels wastes, Biomass, Biosorbents, Bioremediation, Heavy metals

International E-Conference on “Current Trends in Environmental Conservation & Management as Adaptive Measures for Climate Change”
5
Int J Env Tech Sci © April 25, 2016
www.journalijets.org
CONFERENCE ABSTRACT
Assessment of health hazards of children from
traditional biomass burning in West Bengal, India
ppt
Deep Chakraborty1, Naba K. Mondal1*
1Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India
E-mail: nkmenvbu@gmail.com
ABS TR AC T
Indoor air pollution from solid unprocessed biomass and health risk from it is a crucial issue in developing
country. Smoke deposit dust from traditional cook stoves at kitchen is characterized and health risk of
children arising from it is calculated in Birbhum district, West Bengal, India. In this study, Sissoo
(Dalbergia sissoo), Banyan (Ficus benghalensis), Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus sp.), palm (Borassus flabellifer)
and mixed wood found as dominant cooking fuels. Smoke deposits samples are collected and subjected to
X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) analysis for four
metals and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) for surface morphology determination. The highest
concentration of lead observed in Sissoo among the biomasses followed by mixed wood, Banyan and
Eucalyptus. The quantitative estimation of Mn concentration was highest in all varieties of smoke deposits.
Surface morphology study revealed that all the surfaces of smoke deposits are similar in nature. Using metal
concentration deriving from five types of smoke deposit dusts children exposure to heavy metals calculated
via three types of exposure pathways and found that the average daily exposure level of all elements were
characterized by hand-to-mouth ingestion > dermal contact > inhalation and no possibilities of health hazard
risk or cancer risk are present.
Keywords: Smoke deposit, Cook stoves, Surface morphology, Chemical characterization, Children health
risk

International E-Conference on “Current Trends in Environmental Conservation & Management as Adaptive Measures for Climate Change”
6
Int J Env Tech Sci © April 25, 2016
www.journalijets.org
CONFERENCE ABSTRACT
Effect of low dose of mercuric chloride on water
permeability of the germinating seeds of cowpea
(Vigna unguiculata)
Indrani Chakraborty1, Atheny Konar 2,3, Tandra Sarkar 2,3, Anirban Sukul3, N.C. Sukul 3,4
1Department of Zoology, Belda College, Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal, India
2IIEST, Shibpur (Formerly Bengal Engineering College, BESU), Howrah, West Bengal, India
3Sukul Institute of Homeopathy, Santiniketan, West Bengal, India
3Department of Zoology, Visva Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal, India
E-mail: indrani.nrs@gmail.com
ABS TR AC T
Water permeability is an important factor for germination of seeds in areas where soil moisture is very low.
So under this environmental condition percentage of germination of healthy seeds would be affected. In
order to overcome the situation we have developed a technique by which we can increase permeability of
water in these seeds. Mercuric Chloride is known to inhibit the activity of water channel proteins or
aquaporins. However, Mercuric Chloride at ultra high dilution produces the opposite effect concerning water
permeation in seeds.
In order to test this phenomenon we have devised the plant model. At first, surface sterilized seeds were
divided into three batches. All the batches were immersed in sterile distilled water for 24 hours. Their
weights were recorded before and after immersion. Now Batch I and Batch II were treated with Mercuric
Chloride (Concentration 0.1 mg/ml) for 20 min. They were then washed with distilled water. Now all the
three batches were kept over filter paper soaked with fixed amount of distilled water. Just before the above
treatment with Mercuric Chloride solution Batch I was treated with Mercuric Chloride at ultra high dilution
(Merc. Cor 30 CH) 1:1000 dilution for 5 min. Batch II was treated with Ethanol 1:1000 dilution at the same
time. Batch III was treated with distilled water for the same period. All the three batches were kept
separately over filter paper soaked with a fixed amount of distilled water. After 72 hours all the seeds of the
three batches were taken out and surface water was removed by soaking in dry filter paper and weight was
taken.
Results show that Merc. Cor 30 CH treated seeds imbibed significantly higher amount of water than
those either treated with only Ethanol or distilled water. This shows that Mercuric Chloride at high dilution
increased permission of water in seeds has compared to the controls. Treatment with Mercuric Chloride
inhibited the activity of aquaporin as is evident from the results concerning the water content in the seeds of
the three batches. However, treatment with Mercuric Chloride at ultra high dilution removed the inhibitory
effect of Mercuric Chloride thereby enhancing the permission of water in the seeds of Batch I.
So, we can apply this method for germination of seed in areas where soil water content is very low. This
technique of bio-management is likely to help higher level of germination of seeds in semi-arid zones.
Keywords: Water permeation, Aquaporin, Cowpea seeds, Mercuric chloride

International E-Conference on “Current Trends in Environmental Conservation & Management as Adaptive Measures for Climate Change”
7
Int J Env Tech Sci © April 25, 2016
www.journalijets.org
CONFERENCE ABSTRACT
Heavy metal remediation using bio-waste
Sukanta Rana
International Centre for Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India
E-mail: sukantarana013@gmail.com
ABS TR AC T
Heavy metals are non-biodegradable and are accumulated within plant and animal tissues through absorption
of water in plant and drinking of water and ingestion of food in animals. When the concentration of heavy
metals within tissue exceeds the permissible limit causes toxicity and even eventual death to the organisms.
Many low cost and easily available biological waste say – banana skin, orange skin, cotton fibre, coconut
fibre, paper waste, waste tea leaf, sugarcane bagasse, rice husk, olive stone, wheat straw, paddy straw, sun
flower stalk, corn husk, pine apple crown top, sea weeds (Porphyra yezoensis and Ulva japonica), crab shell
and waste of fruit juice industry etc. have been proven experimentally to have a great capability to remove
heavy metals like- Hg, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr and As significantly by the process of chemisorption. Activated
carbon derived from bio-waste also has equal potency for the removal by thr process of physiosorption.
Waste tea leaf is well efficient in removal of Cd++ and Pb++ (Shresthas et al., 2013). Paddy straw, coconut
fibre, corn husk and pine apple crown top are good adsorbent for Cr6+(Vinodhini et al., 2009). Orange waste
can remove Arsenite and Arsenate from its aqueous solution (Ghimire et al., 2003). Cu++ and Co+ are
removed by crab shell particles (Vijayarhavan et al., 2006).Fruit juice bio-waste are used for removal of
Hg++, Pb++, Cd++, Cu++, Ni++ and Zn++ (Senthilkumaar et al., 2000). Activated carbon derived Banana
skin, orange skin, cotton fibre and paper waste show remarkably high adsorption for Hg++ (Bhakta et al.,
2015). Chemical principle for heavy metal removal Heavy metal have a high affinity to amino group (-
NH2), imidazole group, phosphate group (-PO4), carboxylate (-COOH) and sulfhydryl (-SH) group to form
a stable coordination complex but this affinity is greater to amino (-NH2) and sulfhydryl group (-SH). Bio-
wastes provide these groups and form stable coordination complexes when heavy metals are available to
them and this interaction is expressed as chemisorptions. In the absence of these groups, weak vander Waals
forces hold heavy metals and biowaste molecules together and such interaction is manifested as
physiosorption. Technique for heavy metal removal Two techniques have so far been devised for removal of
heavy metals using bio-waste namely – i) Bio-waste and acid extraction and ii) Treated Bio-waste and acid
extraction. Performances of both techniques are satisfactory. In both cases, bio-wastes are dried first and
then pounded to powder which provides more surface area for adsorption. In later case, pounded bio-wastes
are treated with specific acid to add phosphate group (-PO4), amino group (-NH2) or carboxylate group (-
COOH). In some cases, bio-wastes are pyrolysed to form activated carbon which acts as potential adsorbent.
When the contaminated water is passed through the matrix if adsorbent, heavy metals get adsorbed to the
bed. Such metals are extracted when the solution of citric acid or nitric acid are allowed to mobilize across
the matrix slowly along gravitational force. Conclusions Application of bio-waste to remove heavy metals
from contaminated water or wastewater is an eco-friendly and cost-effective technology. Further study is
needed for better removal performance and for seeking other bio-wastes for experimental trials.
Keywords: Heavy metals, Biosorption, Chemisorption, Physiosorption, Adsorbent, Arsenite and arsenate

International E-Conference on “Current Trends in Environmental Conservation & Management as Adaptive Measures for Climate Change”
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Int J Env Tech Sci © April 25, 2016
www.journalijets.org
CONFERENCE ABSTRACT
Accumulation of Lead in Different Tropic Levels
of Food Chain in Sewage-Fed East Kolkata
Wetland, West Bengal, India
ppt
Debajyoti Kundu1*, Subinoy Mondal**, Deblina Dutta***, Smaranya Haque****, Apurba R.
Ghosh*****
Department of Environmental Science, University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India
E-mail: debajyoti69@gmail.com
ABS TR AC T
Lead is produced in aquatic system from natural along with anthropogenic activity and its
accumulation in different tropic structure of a system depend on type of toxicant, species, site, and
feed (Fig. 1). The lead concentration in the plankton as producer of the food chain to fish,
Oreochrromis niloticus, most abundant species, highest consumer, analyzed at East Kolkata
Wetland (EKWL), largest sewage fed lotic water bodies, act as a kidney of Kolkata city and serve
as a platform of pisciculture.
Fig. 1 Figure depicting the lead accumulation in different trophic level of aquatic ecosystem

International E-Conference on “Current Trends in Environmental Conservation & Management as Adaptive Measures for Climate Change”
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Analysis of water, soil and heavy metals were carried out by standard methods. Concentrations
of metals in each trophic level were calculated in respect to the bio-concentration factors (BCF).
The concentration of lead (Pb) in water is observed 0.573 mg/l. Lead concentration in plankton
and small insects’ level was 0.0021µg/mg and 0.0023µg/mg respectively. The accumulation of this
heavy metal in aquatic weeds (Eichhornia sp) leaves, roots, and flower was 0.0049µg/mg,
0.0123µg/mg and 0.0014µg/mg respectively. In small fish, the concentration was 0.018µg/mg.
Besides, Pb accumulates in different organ of O. niloticus in fin > bone > scale > muscle > skin >
liver > intestine with the highest accumulation in intestine (0.0182 µg/mg) and lowest in fin
(0.0004 µg/mg). Its accumulation in liver (0.0047 µg/mg) is also noticeable. In the plankton and
insects, occupy the base of the aquatic trophic structure, the bioconcentration factor (BCF) is 0.037
and 0.040 respectively. The BCF of juvenile fishes and adult fishes (O. niloticus) are 0.314 and
0.464 respectively. Aquatic weeds such as Eichhornia sp., although are not directly involved with
other trophical groups, show the high BCF (0.325) than plankton, insects and juvenile fishes and
lower than adult fishes (O. niloticus). Heavy metal concentration in different trophic level in
aquatic system shows the increasing order from lower to higher level, which is the clear evidence
of bioaccumulation of heavy metal. This type of distribution of metal depends upon the type of
organism, environmental factor and input of metals in to the system and be used a proper
monitoring of the aquatic environment of EKWL for suitable aquaculture and economic as well as
sustainable development of the society.
Keywords: Lead, Accumulation, Trophic level, Aquatic ecosystem, Food chain

International E-Conference on “Current Trends in Environmental Conservation & Management as Adaptive Measures for Climate Change”
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Int J Env Tech Sci © April 25, 2016
www.journalijets.org
CONFERENCE ABSTRACT
Phyto-remediation
Hossein Farraji
Environmental Engineering,Civil Engineering, Engineering campus , Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Malaysia
E-mail: faraji6211@gmail.com
ABS TR AC T
Green and ecofriendly technology which is fundamentally based on the application of macrophytes in a
media (gravies or adsorbent) for polishing, decontamination, or pollutant removal from aquatic or terrestrial
environment. This techniques is normally a time taker treatment method and have wide range of removal
ability (especially in low concentration) for different pollutions, even most of unknown compounds or new
types of pollutants which traditional and commercial treatment methods are nor suitable. This fast growing
post treatment method is going to convert as a co-treatment system for many of high strength wastewaters
.Plant ability and resistant to toxic compounds(cyanides ,phenols) or high concentration of nontoxic
materials(nitrogen ,phosphorus), particularly fine suspended solids that can block the growing media, are
drawbacks of this green technology. Furthermore, climate dependence, seasonal growing and harvesting
requirement should be considered in this system of wastewater engineering. On the other hand, some of
specific wastewaters such as pharmacological and clinical wastewaters which are contain several types of
organic and inorganic contaminations can be treated by phytoremediation. Phytoremediation specified and
divided to subtitles such as phytoextraction, phytomining, phytostabilization, phytodegradation,
rhizodegradation, phycoremediation, phytofiltration, rhizofiltration, phytovolatilization. Aforementioned
techniques are specified based on the main mechanism or area of treatment. Numerous of scientist are
concerning on phytoremediation and this technique could be considered multisided system ,not only for
treatment of pollutions, but also as suitable method for extracting high value metals such as gold and
platinum. Civil engineers, agriculturists, landscape architectures, biologists, mining engineers, aqua
culturists, radioactive materials and alliance scientists are researching on this emerging technique.
Nowadays scientists are going to apply phytomanagement for plant application in related issues. Biomass
production through the phytoremediation and application those biomass for energy production are other side
of this valuable coin. Indexes of phytoremediation such as bioconcentration factor (BF), enrichment
coefficient (EC), translocation factor (TF) and relative treatment efficiency index (RTEI), helps to calculate
the efficiency of phytoremediation. Phytoremediation could be attached as co-treatment method to most of
commercial treatment methods as a polishing process. Application of suitable plants have critical effect on
efficiency of phytoremediation and it should be as a high professional part of phytomanagement. Some of
specific plants nominated as hyperaccumulators, accumulators, indicators and excluders in this process.
Successful phytoremediation depends on suitable plants application as phytoremediator, suitable growing
and/or adsorbing media, harvesting time period, engineering controlling techniques such as( hydraulic
retention time ,organic loading rate, aeration, dry and wet period) and environmental controlling factors.
Local natural adapted plants that normally grow on the contaminated sites are best nominate as useful
phytoremediator.
Keywords: Green and ecofriendly technology, Phytoremediation, Rhizofiltration, Phytovolatilization

International E-Conference on “Current Trends in Environmental Conservation & Management as Adaptive Measures for Climate Change”
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Int J Env Tech Sci © April 25, 2016
www.journalijets.org
CONFERENCE ABSTRACT
Biodegradation of hydrocarbon crude oil using
agro-industrial wastes as co-substrates
Abdullah M. El Mahdi1, Hamidi A. Aziz2
1Technical Advisor, Arabian Gulf Oil Co. (AGOCO), Benghazi/Libya
2Environmental Engineering, Solid Waste Management Cluster (SWAM@USM) Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang,
Malaysia
E-mail: abdullahcorr@gmail.com
ABS TR AC T
Title and chapter proposed: Biodegradation of Hydrocarbon Crude Oil Using Agro-Industrial wastes as Co-
Substrates Abstract There is ample of evidence in the literature concerning the toxic effects of petroleum
hydrocarbons. Many of these polluted sites are located within delicate ecosystems, like those of coastal lakes
and lagoons that would strongly benefit from the decrease of pollution levels. Such a pollution load is
affecting the marine environmental preservation worldwide, and especially in those areas of semi- closed
basins with slow water turnover at high risk of pollution as Mediterranean Sea is facing a very high risk of
oil pollution due to the high number of oil extractive and refining sites along the basin coasts, and the
intense maritime traffics of oil tankers. Most of these sites demand an urgent application of sustainable
clean-up strategies based on biological approaches to recover the general environmental quality and the
safety for the Mediterranean residents living in the nearby regions. There are various methods of combating
oil pollution in the marine environment. Among them biodegradation of hydrocarbons by using microbes in
recent years is becoming most popular and has promising future. The present chapter will describe the
possibility of using indigenous microbes isolated from the Mediterranean environment for degrading
hydrocarbon’s crude oils. Furthermore, replacing traditional microbiological media with agro industrial
wastes as substrates for biosurfactant production holds great potential. Background of Bioremediation
"Naturally occurring biodegradation" means degradation of organic compounds by indigenous microbes
without artificial enhancement. The terms "passive bioremediation" and "intrinsic bioremediation" are also
used to describe utilization of naturally occurring biodegradation as a remedial action. Application of
naturally occurring biodegradation as a remediation technique requires that a site be evaluated to ensure site
conditions are appropriate and that a monitoring plan be developed. Characterization of a site for evaluation
of naturally occurring biodegradation potential should be part of the initial site investigation. Naturally
occurring biodegradation is considered to be a remedial action, and its suitability to a given site should be
considered during evaluation of possible remedial action options and selection of an overall site remedial
action plan. Marine environment does naturally contain bacteria which help in biodegradation of petroleum
oil. The only issue is their population is limited and presence is not equally distributed throughout. The
microorganisms are classified into a new taxonomic group of phylogenetically oil degrading proteobacteria
which has been isolated only in the last decade from various sites all over the world. Diverse marine
microorganisms have evolved with an equal complexity of metabolic pathways to take advantage of
hydrocarbons as a rich carbon and energy source, this in response to the natural complexity of hydrocarbon
compounds found in petroleum deposits. It is essential to find the metabolic potential of hydrocarbon-
degrading bacteria and to address the factors that limit microbially catalyzed biodegradation in situ to
minimize the environmental impact of oil spills and to optimize the environmental benefits of

International E-Conference on “Current Trends in Environmental Conservation & Management as Adaptive Measures for Climate Change”
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biodegradation. Advances in next generation sequencing technologies and the use of stable isotope tracers
have greatly improved our ability to interrogate the phylogenetic and functional diversity of hydrocarbon-
degrading microorganisms in the field. Many molecular microbial ecology centered studies have appeared,
especially motivated by the 2010 Deep water Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico and a desire to know
what happened to its microbial communities and their degrading activities. Situations where naturally
occurring biodegradation may be appropriate Naturally occurring biodegradation may be a suitable remedial
action at sites where the contaminants of concern are readily biodegradable, site conditions are favorable,
and the time necessary for naturally occurring biodegradation to effect cleanup is reasonable considering the
site-specific circumstances. Naturally occurring biodegradation is a long-term remediation option; it may
require years or decades to effect adequate clean-up of a site, depending on site conditions. This long time-
frame for remediation may be acceptable so long as the potential impacts from contamination at a site are
negligible. Naturally occurring biodegradation implies that no active measures are taken to amend site
conditions. In some cases, where site conditions are not entirely favorable to naturally occurring
biodegradation, some minor modification of site conditions may allow bioremediation to be employed. This
may still provide a low-cost remediation alternative; however it involves active modification of site
conditions and treatability studies may be required to evaluate the potential effectiveness. Generally,
bioremediation technologies can be classified as in situ or ex situ. In situ bioremediation involves treating
the contaminated material at the site while ex situ involves the removal of the contaminated material to be
treated elsewhere. Some examples of bioremediation technologies are bioventing, land farming, bioreactor,
composting, bioaugmentation and biostimulation. The biodegradation of petroleum based hydrocarbon is
dependent on plenty of factors. Success can only be achieved if only all the key factors are considered.The
main factors that affect the biodegradation of the contaminated site are biotic factors such as the specific
microorganism and its concentration and interaction. Abiotic or physico chemical factors which include the
chemical structure of the pollutant and bioavailability. Lastly, environmental factor also plays a major role,
availability of oxygen and nutrients, pH, temperature, pressure, salinity, presence of heavy materials.
However, the lack of knowledge about microorganisms and their natural function in the environment can
affect the suitability of their use in bioremediation and in most environments bioremediation is limited more
by lack of nutrients than by lack of microbes. Although biodegradation was shown to be successful in
naturally remediating oil contamination associated with several spills that impacted marine shorelines, much
remains to be learned about the environmental controls of hydrocarbon degradation in marine environment.
Conclusion and future prospects It can be concluded that the marine environment is subject to contamination
by hydrocarbons pollutants from a variety of sources. The conventional methods currently in use are costly
and leave toxic residues in the environment. In contrast, bioremediation including enhanced natural
attenuation is a promising technology in the treatment of petroleum hydrocarbon contamination because of
its high effectiveness, lower cost, and environmental friendly. Environmental regulatory agencies constantly
encourage companies to come up with clean and green technology. These regulations have made the oil
producing companies, to develop environmental friendly strategies to check pollution. The affectivity on oil
bioremediation of biostimulation-bioaugmentation combination was observed faster and higher than
biostimulation only. The advance of sustainable technologies has driven the search for natural,
biodegradable compounds to remediate sites contaminated by hydrocarbons. This has led to the discovery of
surfactants of a natural origin. Living organisms synthesize most of these surfactants. Natural surfactants
have advantage compared to chemically synthesized ones. The have lower toxicity, are biodegradable and
environmental friendly. The only drawback being the production cost which is high for biosurfactants
compared to the chemical surfactants. Agro industrial waste has provided a solution to this problem. Recent
studies have shown that the following waste can be used as substrates which permit the cell growth.
Molasses, solid waste date, corn step liquor, peanut oil cake, and potato process effluents. All these
approaches can make the bioremediation process an economically and environmentally viable mitigation
technology.
Keywords: Hydrocarbon, Microbial degradation, Agro-industrial wastes, Proteobacteria,
Biosurfactants, Biostimulation-bioaugmentation

International E-Conference on “Current Trends in Environmental Conservation & Management as Adaptive Measures for Climate Change”
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Int J Env Tech Sci © April 25, 2016
www.journalijets.org
CONFERENCE ABSTRACT
Analysis of prolonged temperature dependent
changes of bacterial diversity to predict how
bacterial community structure responses against
changing climate
Md. Rokunuzzaman1*, Jatindra N. Bhakta1,2**, Kouhei Ohnishi1
1Research Institute of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, B200, Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi - 783-8502, Japan
2International Centre for Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani, Kalyani–741235, West Bengal, India;; Heritage Foundation, Kolkata, West
Bengal, India
E-mail: * milon_es20@yahoo.com, ** lsnjbhakta@gmail.com
ABS TR AC T
Recently, global warming and climate change have appeared as tremendous problems in global environment
impacting severely on all forms of life world wide by inducing various natural calamities and disasters. The
microbial community plays an important role in nutrients (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, etc.) cycling of
significant biogeochemical cycling process of environment. Likewise various floral and faunal communities,
microbial community may be affected by the adverse impacts of global warming and climate change. The
information concerning the responses of microbial communities against global warming and climate change
is little so far since it is still poorly understood. There are a lot of limitations to explore the phenomenon of
climate change dependent responses of microbial community and to predict the consequences of future
climate changes and its effects on microorganisms, since study of prolonged period maintaining standard
conditions is essential. Addressing this issue, although it is critical to understand and determine, the present
study has attempted to find the question, microbes what response exhibits in their community structure
against the climate change considering the agricultural soils collected from different aged green houses; new
greenhouses (0 years), old greenhouses (20 years) and natural (open) agriculture land as control sample by
analyzing the pattern or trend of change in the bacterial community applying the molecular finger printing
technique PCR-DGGE analysis.
The soil DNA was extracted from 0.5g of soils and the bacterial community structure were analyzed by
PCR-DGGE. The DGGE gel was analyzed by using the BioNumeric software packages for analyzing
bacterial diversity, cluster and principal component (PCoA). The Shannon diversity index did not showed
much more variation between the green house (old and new) and natural soils and cultivated agricultural
lands. While the cluster analysis and PCoA analysis revealed the clear variation among green house and
control natural soils and the different cluster of bacterial communities were detected between new and old
greenhouse soils indicating the long term effects of raised temperature within green house may affects the
bacterial communities. The PCoA showed the clear variations in bacterial communities of natural soils and
green house soils.
It is obvious from this study that prolonged high temperature within green house is responsible for
changing the bacterial community structure. Therefore, it can be predicted that microbial community
structure is probably changing with raising temperature of global warming as well as climate change.
Keywords: Metagenomic, Green house, Soil, PCR-DGGE, Microbial community, PCoA analysis

International E-Conference on “Current Trends in Environmental Conservation & Management as Adaptive Measures for Climate Change”
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Green house (Inside)
Non-green house
0 Years old green house
20 Years old green house
Fig. 1 The PCoA analysis showed the clear variations in bacterial communities of soils employed in
study

International E-Conference on “Current Trends in Environmental Conservation & Management as Adaptive Measures for Climate Change”
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Int J Env Tech Sci © April 25, 2016
www.journalijets.org
CONFERENCE ABSTRACT
Assessing the cattle manure mediated cellulase
activity and cellulose decomposing bacterial
growth in the polyhouse enclosure of the pond
system
Debarati Ghosh, Susmita Lahiri, Jatindra N. Bhakta, Bana B. Jana*
Department of Ecological Studies and International Centre for Ecological Engineering,University of Kalyani, Kalyani-741235, West Bengal
*E-mail: bbjana@gmail.com
ABS TR AC T
Recent years have witnessed a major concern of global warming and climate change along with its
disastrous consequences on environment and human life. Though cattle manure is extensively used for
organic farming, it is believed that cattle manure is one of the important contributors of anthropogenic green
house gases such as methane nitrous oxide and other harmful gases responsible for global warming and
climate change. Cow dung manure is largely composed of carbon and nitrogen. By composition, the
cellulose content in cattle manure is much higher than other animal manure and, therefore, it is likely to be a
contributor of green house gases under certain conditions. As manure decomposes, CO2, N2O and CH4 are
emitted. It is estimated that about 10% of all agricultural N2O emissions are due to manure application.
In India, cattle manure has been extensively used as organic manure in agriculture, horticulture,
floriculture, aquaculture, etc. It is often recommended for conditioning the surface soil in agricultural fields.
It is also frequently used in aquaculture ponds for aquaculture production and to reduce the use of
inorganic fertilizers. It is most useful because of its ease of availability and low cost in the market.
Decomposition of cattle manure is carried out by a heterogenous group of microorganisms such as
aerobic and anaerobic mesophilic bacteria, cellulose decomposing bacteria, thermophilic bacteria,
filamentous fungi, basidiomycetes, actinomycetes, etc. The environmental factors that regulate the
decomposition rate of cellulite that contained in the cattle manure are temperature, pH, organic carbon
content of soil, etc. Temperature is an important index to measure the processing state of decomposing of the
cattle manure. However, assessment of cattle manure has hardly been made in aquatic system with respect to
its green house gas emission potential. With a view to examining the impact of polyhouse mediated raising
temperature on the growth of heterotrophic and cellulose decomposing bacteria as well as enzymatic activity
associated with cattle manure application, an in situ experiment was performed under closed and open
systems using six polyhouse enclosures of which two were fully closed, two were semi-closed and two
remained open serving as control. Fifty gram of fresh cattle manure was placed in a tied nylon bag which
was then placed in a plastic bucket with 10 L pond water. Each bucket was then suspended in the waters of
respective enclosures under closed, semi-closed and open conditions and installed in the field pond.
Samples of cattle manure from each nylon bag and water from the bucket were collected at frequent
interval for a period of four weeks and determined for the counts of aerobic and anaerobic group of
heterotrophic and cellulose decomposing bacteria as well as enzymatic assays in terms of endo-glucanase
and exo-glucanase. The enzyme assays for two enzymes, exoglucanase and endoglucanase, were examined
by methods recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). Production
of cellulase by these bacteria was detected using specific medium with 0.5% CMC as supplement, and
CMCase activity was confirmed by congo red agar medium. Dinitrosalicylic acid method was employed for
assaying the both endo-glucanase and exo-glucanase activity by measuring the amount of glucose liberated
in μg/g/30min from cow dung.

International E-Conference on “Current Trends in Environmental Conservation & Management as Adaptive Measures for Climate Change”
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These pictures below showed some isolated colonies of heterotrophs grown in nutrient agar medium,
isolated colonies of cellulose decomposing bacteria cultured in CDB medium and specific congo red agar
medium.
Heterotrophs grown in Nutrient Agar Medium
Cellulose decomposing bacteria grown in CDB and Congo Red Agar Medium
Pictures of petri plates showing the growth of heterotrophic and cellulose decomposing bacteria
The counts of heterotrophic and cellulose decomposing bacteria as well as cellullase activity in cow dung
increased gradually and peaked on day 14 and then decreased. Cellulose decomposing bacteria was highest
in counts in closed system followed by semi-closed and open system. Heterotrophic growth was, however,
more intense in semi closed system than open or closed system ( Fig. 1).
A) Heterotrophic bacteria B) Cellulose decomposing bacteria
Fig. 1 Variations in the counts of heterotrophic bacteria (A) and Cellulose decomposing bacteria (B) during
the period experiment.
The results of the study showed that the endoglucanase and exoglucanase activities of cattle manure were
highest in closed system, followed by semi closed system and open system on different days of measurement
(Fig. 2).

International E-Conference on “Current Trends in Environmental Conservation & Management as Adaptive Measures for Climate Change”
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A) Endoglucanase activity B) Exoglucanase activity
Fig. 2 Variations in the enzymatic activities of cattle manure (A-Endoglucanase;
B- Exoglucanase activity) during the period experiment
The endoglucanase activity was found to be much higher than exoglucanase activity in all the enclosures
regardless of temperature variations of the enclosures (Fig. 3).
Closed system: Semi closed system:
Open system:
Fig. 3 Comparison of Endoglucanase (Blue line) and Exoglucanase activities (Red line) of cattle manure
under three enclosures of the polyhouse
In a relatively higher temperature as prevailed under closed enclosure of the polyhouse, cellulosic
compounds in cattle manure degraded faster effectively in presence of cellulose decomposing bacteria. The
range of 37- 40ºC was found to be most favorable for decomposition of cattle manure. There has been
significant rise of microbial population and activity of cellulase activity of cattle manure due to polyhouse
mediated rasied temperature and perhaps may be involved in the emission of green house gases. However,
the design and set up of the present experiment did not permit to assess the emission of the green house
gases from the enclosed chambers. Further research is needed to quantify the emitted green house gases
caused by the decomposition of cattle manure in aquatic system
Keywords: Green house, Cattle manure, CDB, Cellulase, Endoglucanase and exoglucanase

International E-Conference on “Current Trends in Environmental Conservation & Management as Adaptive Measures for Climate Change”
18
Int J Env Tech Sci © April 25, 2016
www.journalijets.org
CONFERENCE ABSTRACT
Effect of climate change on algal lipid
biochemistry, essential fatty acid production and
human health
Chiranjiv Pradhan1 Sweta Das2
1Department of Fish Nutrition and Feed Technology, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Kochi-682506, Kerala
2Fish Health Management Division, Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, Odisha
E-mail: cpradhankufos@gmail.com
ABS TR AC T
In recent years, global warming and climate change has been shown to detrimentally affect the environment,
society and human health. There is increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide, UV irradiation and ocean
temperature. Due to overall rise in the ocean temperature, the aquatic organisms, particularly marine
phytoplankton are showing decreased growth and reduced synthesis of omega-3 poly unsaturated fatty acids
(PUFA) (Jing and Kang, 2011). Specifically, marine phytoplankton and other single-cell algae are the main
producers of omega-3 PUFAs, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3/EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid
(22:6n-3/DHA) and represent the basis of the food web for all aquatic creatures (Randall et al. 1990).
Dietary poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are increasingly getting high attention for their role as
biological regulators and have several health benefits for human being such as protective measures for
cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases. The primary source of omega-3
PUFAs in the human diet are marine products and through multiple levels of transfer from algae to fish it
enters in to human food chain (Borokowitz 1997). However, due to the growing atmospheric concentrations
of greenhouse gases and increase of ultraviolet-B irradiation to which marine phytoplankton are highly
sensitive (Shindell 1998, Smith 1992) and as their smaller surface area renders them less effective at
screening for which the overall phytoplankton production as well as their PUFA synthesizing ability is
declined. The alterations in the biochemical composition of algal cell membrane (Fuschino et al. 2011)
affects over all world’s aquatic ecosystems. Furthermore, it is also anticipated that it will influence the
terrestrial ecosystem as well because the flux of aquatic biomass (e.g., insect and amphibian emergence, fish
taken by terrestrial predators) routinely passes from aquatic to terrestrial ecosystems. It is understood that
due to climate warming the links in terms of food web between both the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem is
in serious danger and what future threats it has possessed only time will answer. Precise studies are now
required to investigate every possible link between global climate change, omega-3 PUFAs, and human
health, and how to manage potential shortage of omega-3 PUFAs in human diets resulting from global
climate change.
Keywords: Climate change, UV-irradiation, Algal cell, Algal lipid biochemistry, Essential fatty acid,
Omega-3 poly unsaturated fatty acids

International E-Conference on “Current Trends in Environmental Conservation & Management as Adaptive Measures for Climate Change”
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Int J Env Tech Sci © April 25, 2016
www.journalijets.org
CONFERENCE ABSTRACT
Prevalence of gout diseases in rural environments
Susmita Sau1, Puja Das2, Dibyendu B. Ghosh1
1Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Vidyasagar Institute of Health, Vidyasagara University, Rangamati, Paschim Medinipur 721101
2Heritage Little Hearts, R. Int. Rural Human Resource Development, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, India,
E-mail: susmita.sau15@yahoo.in
ABS TR AC T
In recent years, prevalence of various diseases and their impacts in rural peoples are immensely critical
problems, which is commonly reducing the average life span among the rural peoples. Since, most of the
peoples inhabiting in the rural areas are unaware and lack of basic ideas regarding most of the diseases.
Besides, most of the peoples are associated with hard working farming practice with poor nutritional food
habits under poor socio-economic condition. Additionally, the inorganically producing foods are
contaminated by various kinds of health hazardous pollutants. Generally, the contaminated and poor quality
food habits are immensely responsible for causing various diseases. Among the several diseases, gout is one
of the common and painful diseases posing sever health impacts in many peoples. Stemming from this
disease problem, the present study focused on the prevalence of gout disease in relation to gender, age, food
habits and socio-economic conditions of the peoples/patients suffering from gout in Ramnagar,
Purbamedinipur, West Bengal, India.
The present investigation was performed considering twenty samples by using a questionnaire. The data
was collected from L.B. G. Nurshing Home, Ramnagar, Purbamedinipur, West Bengal, India.
Results demonstrated that old age peoples and females are more susceptible by gout disease compared to
that of the males and women is commonly suffered by gout disease after the period of menopause. The
results also indicated that most of the female are overweighed as per BMI (28.7). Mean uric acid level of
male and female are 7.44 and 6.21, respectively. Arthritis was also observed in 10% peoples in this
investigation.
Results obviously signified that most of the investigated peoples are overweighed and with high uric acid
levels because of their food styles as well as low physical activities. It was also found that most of the gout
affected peoples are non-vegetarian. Therefore, it can be indicated that non-vegetarian food habit may lead
to cause the gout diseases. Summarily, this investigation concluded that environmental impacted food habit,
low physical activities and high socio-economic conditions of the investigated area are suppose to be
responsible for causing this types of disease which may increase with changing environmental condition
directly and indirectly influencing in the different life style.
Keywords: Environment, Food habit, Uric acid, Obesity, Gout disease

International E-Conference on “Current Trends in Environmental Conservation & Management as Adaptive Measures for Climate Change”
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Int J Env Tech Sci © April 25, 2016
www.journalijets.org
CONFERENCE ABSTRACT
Synthesis and characterization of alkaline and
superacid solid catalysts for biodiesel production
Le T. Son, Do T. Hieu, Dinh N. Khang*
Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, 19 Le Thanh Tong Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
*E-mail: sonlt@vnu.edu.vn
ABS TR AC T
Biofuels – include biomass, liquid fuels and biogases – have replaced a small part of fossil fuels in many
countries. Biofuels have prospect of becoming main energy resources in the future instead of fossil fuels.
Biodiesel is a fuel made from natural vegetable oils, animal fats, and advanced non-food alternative crops
with alcohol. Using biodiesel instead of regular diesel can therefore have a huge impact on the amount of
CO2 released overall. However, materials and technologies of producing biofuels still need developing much
to take place fossil fuels completely. In Vietnam, the government has approved “Project of developing
biofuels up to 2015, vision up to 2025”. The research has been using NaOH, KOH solution, CaO/NaOH and
sulfated SO42--ZrO2/SBA-15 as catalysts for the trans-esterification reaction. The reaction conversions were
60 to 89% for homogenenous and 25-70% for heterogeneous catalysts. The obtained biodiesel productions
meet the diesel standard required specification as flashpoint D92, carbon residue D524, cetane number
D613.
Keywords: Biofuel, Fossil fuel, Biodiesel, Alkaline and superacid, Trans-esterification reaction

International E-Conference on “Current Trends in Environmental Conservation & Management as Adaptive Measures for Climate Change”
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Int J Env Tech Sci © April 25, 2016
www.journalijets.org
CONFERENCE ABSTRACT
Ecological degradation due to anthropogenic
disturbances and its effect on changing socio-
economic status of river side fishermen
community: A case study on river Churni, West
Bengal
Asish K. Panigrahi
Professor & Former Head, Department Of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, Nadia, West Bengal, India
Email: panigrahi.ashis@gmail.com
ABS TR AC T
River Churni, one of the major rivers of district Nadia (Fig. 1), performs important role in geo-
morphological, environmental, sociological and economic status of the district. Studies have been revealed
that due to huge pollution load from diffused sources, ecological condition of the river is in critical state
(Fig. 2). The degrading ecological condition casts some adverse impacts upon socio-economic condition of
the river-side villages. The fishermen form the said arena has been compelled to alter their occupation owing
to the aforesaid degrading condition of the river. In this paper, seasonal variation of limnological parameters,
present status of fish fauna and socio-economic structure of the riverside fishermen community are beaconed
to compare the previous and recent conditions. Huge variations in the limnological parameters and presence
of only 38 fish species in the river have been evident during the total stretch of the study. Comparing the
result with the previous reports, about 61.35% fishermen are found to twitch their occupation since last two
decades. To cope up with this problem, suggestions have been discussed in several awareness programmes,
seminars at grass root level in the river side areas, conducted by the total research team. Though, it is also
found that the actual development of the riverine ecosystem and socio-economic condition of the riverside
communities can be conquered only by the proper interference of governmental actions.
Keywords: River Churni, Pollution, Ecological degradation, Limnological parameter, Fishermen, Socio-
economic status
Fig. 1 Map showing the origin
and geographical location of
Churni river

International E-Conference on “Current Trends in Environmental Conservation & Management as Adaptive Measures for Climate Change”
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(a)
(b)
Fig. 2 Source of pollutants damaging the environment of river (a and b)

International E-Conference on “Current Trends in Environmental Conservation & Management as Adaptive Measures for Climate Change”
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Int J Env Tech Sci © April 25, 2016
www.journalijets.org
CONFERENCE ABSTRACT
Efficiency of ferrosorp and ferric hydroxide for
phosphorous removal from domestic wastewater
Ankita Bhattacharjee, Susmita Lahiri, Jatindra N. Bhakta , Frank Panning, Leonard Fletcher,
Bana B. Jana
international centre for ecological engineering, department of environmental management, university of kalyani, kalyani -741235, west bengal, india
E-mail: bbjana@gmail.com
ABS TR AC T
There has been much concern about the qualitative and quantitative degradation of aquatic resources caused
by undesirable harmful industrial effluents, agricultural chemicals and domestic wastes. Currently, the
people are becoming more concern about their health than ever due to disastrous effects on human health.
Apart from human health, the adverse impacts are clearly visible in biodiversity, ecosystem health and food.
This issue has been further aggravated by the water crisis because of its ever increasing demand for
multidimensional activities. Therefore, there is a need for conservation of water through reuse of
wastewater. Despite some conventional wastewater treatment technologies are available; they have some
limitations because of their high maintenance cost particularly in economically poor countries. On the other
hand, use of some potential adsorbents is gaining much importance due to low operation and maintenance
costs. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the adsorption efficiency of phosphate and
ammonia from municipal wastewater using ferrosorp, ferric hydroxide and their mixtures as adsorbents.
A pilot study was performed to compare the effectiveness of different adsorbents to be used in the study.
Six adsorbents were then finally selected in the study. These are selected because of their ease of
availability, low operation and maintenance cost and ability of remove contaminants from wastewater.
Eight treatments were set up in triplicate using i) activated alumina, ii) ferrosorp (Ferrosorp particle size 0-
0.5mm), iii) ferric hydroxide (particle size 0.5-2 mm), iv) sand, v) fly ash, vi) cow dung cake ash, vii)
mixture of ferrosorp, ferric hydroxide and activated alumina in equal proportion and viii) a control set up
with only wastewater
Treatments were:T1- Wastewater Control, T2- Mixture combination of Ferrosorp, Ferric hydroxide and
Activated alumina, T3-Activated alumina,T4- Coarse Sand, T5- Ferric hydroxide, T6- Ferrosorp,T7- Fly
ash, T8- Cow dung cake ash, T9- Mixture combination of Sand, Fly ash and Cow dung cake ash
Small scale batch experiment was performed using municipal wastewater collected from Kalyani Sewage
Treatment Plant. The collected wastewater was dispensed into twenty four 1- l glass jars allotted for eight
treatments in triplicate. The selected adsorbents were procured, prepared and 20 g adsorbents were added to
the jars according to the specific requirement of the experiment. The jars were kept in the laboratory under
ambient temperatures for ten days. Different parameters like temperature, pH, total dissolved solids,
conductivity, dissolved oxygen, ammonium-N, phosphate and available phosphorus were monitored from
each jar at different hours for 240hours following the standard methods. The results were subjected to
statistical analysis using statistical package.
The results of the study revealed that at the initial stage the pH of the wastewater was acidic in nature
which become normal following treatment application irrespective of absorbents. The responses of
conductivity (µS), total dissolved solids, were quite variable depending upon the treatments. There was
gradual increase in the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the control system, but an opposite trend was

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noticed in all adsorbents. There was no difference in the mean concentration of water phosphate among the
group (T-2, T-3, T-5 and T-6 ) which remained significantly different (ANOVA, P < 0.05; LSD test) from
the remaining treatments. (T-4, T-7, T-8 and T-9) that formed another group with high concentration of
phosphate in water. There was steady decline in the values of phosphate of water over time in all treatments
except in control (T-1) whereas the values remained significantly higher in the wastewater in absence of
adsorbents (Fig. 1) of experiment. Among all the adsorbents, ferrosorp showed the highest removal
efficiency of phosphate removal followed by others.
Fig. 1 Variations in the concentrations of phosphate in different treatments during the different hours of
experiment
Fig. 2 Variations in the concentrations of phosphate of water in different treatments employed

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The water phosphate content was maximum in control followed by T-7, T-8, T-9 and T -4 compared to
rest of the treatments. The maximum reduction of phosphate of water occurred in treatment with ferrosorp
(T-6).
Fig. 3 Differences between the initial and final concentrations of available phosphate in different
treatments employed
The amount of available phosphorus ranging from 0-6.781mg/l in the beginning in all treatments
increased to maximal value of 19.88 mg/l in the ferrosorp treatment implying high as 100% increase
followed by 88.31%, 72.87%,71.93%, 28.45% and 18.28% increase in ferric hydroxide, activated alumina
coarse sand, fly ash and cow dung cake ash respectively (ANOVA; P < 0.05) respectively.
Comparing the results of all treatments, it can be concluded that ferrosorp could be used as suitable
adsorbent for the removal of phosphate ions from wastewater.
Keywords: Ferrosorp, Ferric hydroxide, Sorbents, Wastewater treatment, Phosphorus

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Int J Env Tech Sci © April 25, 2016
www.journalijets.org
CONFERENCE ABSTRACT
Treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater by
packed bed column
Deblina Dutta*, Debajyoti Kundu, Jayanta K. Datta, Tarakeshwar Senapati
Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan 713 104, West Bengal, India.
*E-mail: deblina69envs@gmail.com
ABS TR AC T
Modernization and technological advancement has lead to the development of pharmacy in today’s world.
Different drugs and medicines are prepared for different treatment of diseases. Production of these
medicines results in pharmaceutical waste water. The pharmaceutical industries are a major source of the
hazardous and toxic effluents. The pharmaceutical wastewater is found to be colored with very high range of
Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). Typically, pharmaceutical waste
water can have COD as high as 80,000 mg/l. Developing countries like India faces numerous challenges for
preserving the environment. So, there is a need to develop an efficient, rapid and cheaper procedure for the
treatment of pharmaceutical waste water before its disposal in the environment. The characteristics of this
waste water motivated for the research work to find out the damage caused to the environment when
disposed.
Fig. 1 Packed Bed Column depicting the different layers of sand, small gravels, rice mill husk and gul ash

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The study is based on the characterization and treatment of the pharmaceutical waste water. Samples
have been collected from a pharmaceutical industry. Packed Bed Column was used for the treatment of
pharmaceutical waste water. Layers of different materials like sand, small gravels, rice mill husk and gul ash
were added to the borosilicate glass column of 3 cm internal diameter and 50 cm length (Fig. 1).
Following the process of APHA, 1998, the COD and BOD were determined. Using the conductivity
meter (SYSTRONIC, 306), the conductivity was measured. PCSTESTER 35 multi-meter measured the
salinity of the collected waste water. pH was measured by a digital pH meter (Model No. Systronic-335). 5
days BOD was measured at 20 ˚C. The Dissolved Oxygen (DO) was measured following the Winkler’s
method of titration. COD and chloride were measured by titrimetric method.
Characteristics of the pharmaceutical wastewater were determined and were found that the strength of
pharmaceutical wastewater is far more than the domestic wastewater in terms of BOD, COD, TDS, Salinity,
and Conductivity etc. The colored waste water when poured into the packed bed column, colorless solution
was obtained from the other side. The obtained colorless solution was characterized and a reduction in the
level of COD, BOD, TDS, Salinity, Conductivity and chloride were noticed. A change in pH was also found.
Treatment of the pharmaceutical waste water through the packed bed column results in a colorless and
odorless solution. Characterization of the pharmaceutical waste water before treatment and after treatment
showed a huge difference in the result, pH was acidic before treatment but after treatment the pH change to
nearly neutral and reduced BOD, COD, TDS, salinity, conductivity, and chloride upto a certain percentage
(Table 1).
Table 1 Characteristics of the pharmaceutical waste water before and after treatment
Parameters
Pre-Treatment
Post- Treatment
Color
Yellow
Colorless
Odor
Like orange
Odorless
BOD (mg/l)
16872
174
COD (mg/l)
23040
512
pH
5.99
7.81
Conductivity (µs/cm)
1410
575
Salinity (mg/l)
787
575
TDS (mg/l)
841
348
Chloride (mg/l)
90.96
64.98
Treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater before its disposal in the environment using the packed bed
column has been found to be an efficient process. The treated water is much safer; therefore, it could be used
for other field applications.
Keywords: Pharmaceutical wastewater, Packed Bed Column, Sorbents, Wastewater treatment, Physico-
chemical parameters

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Int J Env Tech Sci © April 25, 2016
www.journalijets.org
CONFERENCE ABSTRACT
A preliminary survey on impacts of fast–food
habits on human and environmental health and
effects on economic sustainability
ppt
Mousumi Kundu1, Manoj K. Pradhan1,2, Bubai Bhakta2, Uttam Bhakta2, Jatindra N. Bhakta1,2,3
1Heritage Foundation, Kolkata 700104, West Bengal, India
2Heritage Little Hearts, R. Int. Rural Human Resource Development, Purba Medinipur 721453, West Bengal, India
3International Centre for Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India
E-mail: mousumikundupu@gmail.com, heritagefoundationtrust2011@gmail.com, lsnbhakta@gmail.com
ABS TR AC T
Food habit and its nutritional impacts are essentially a great concern in any organism for their growth,
development, population, community structure etc. Food and food habit are one of the prime factors for
regulating the human health condition. Besides, adverse health impact of various food habits [conventional
food habit, fast–food (Fig. 1) habits, etc.] is commonly well known facts and important concern, since it is
responsible for causing various health problems, such as obesity, sugar, blood pressure, cardiac and liver
diseases, etc (Bowman and Vinyard 2004, Bowman 2004; Rosenheck 2008; Anand 2011). It has
documented that fast–food is recognized as one of the contributors to increased population rates of obesity in
last few decades.
However, the present study categorized food habits in two groups, normal or conventional food habit
(herein commonly called as food habit of home-made foods prepared from fresh and natural products having
high nutritional/food value) and fast–food habit (it is referred to food habit of costly ready-made food
prepared by mixing chemical based ingredients, preservatives, high sugars, various spices, etc. along with
basic foods to create flavour, spicy, tasty & delicious properties without considering nutritional properties
and human health impacts, for example, noodles, chāu-mèing, ramen, pizza, burger, etc.) in order to
convenience of study. In this respect, thus, fast–food is supposed to be costly with lower nutritional value
compared to that of normal food. Stemming from the above problems of fast–food habits, the present study
has attempted to conduct a preliminary survey on various aspects of fast–food habit in order to draw a
picture on its human and environmental health impacts as well as to find how food habit associated with
economic sustainability.
To achieve the above objectives, the study was conducted in Purba Medinipur West Bengal. (Latitude
21.8°N and Longitude 87.8°E), India considering the youth populations habituated with fast and normal
food habits following flow chart. A questionnaire was prepared based on normal and fast–food habit and its
impacts on human and environmental health in order to conduct survey and collect relevant data of different
variables. The survey of fifty pre-identified samples in population of selected study area was conducted with
a set of these questionnaires. The collected data was analyzed by percentage quantification of variables and a
simple production cost analysis of normal and fast–food habits was done using the EXEL programme.
The results of survey revealed that about fifty percentage (50%) of investigated peoples fond of/prefer
fast–food and a gradual increasing trend was found in fast–food habit. The highest percentage (54%) of
investigated fast–food liking peoples prefers noodles, chāu-mèing, ramen, pizza and burger like fast–foods,
whereas remaining percentage of peoples prefer the other fast–foods in the present survey. The survey
demonstrated that most of the fast food habituated peoples are suffering by various health problems, such as
– obesity, blood sugar level, blood pressure, cardiac and liver diseases. The fast–food is too costly compared

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to that of the normal food. Survey documented that the wastes generated from different steps of production
process of both foods are generally discharged into the environment.
From this study, it can be concluded that although fast–food is favourable in saving time of fast world, it
has significant adverse health, economic and environmental impacts (Fig. 1). Therefore, these factors should
be considered in fast–food utilization for protecting human and environmental health as well as developing
economic sustainability especially in India like developing country. It can also be inferred that
environmental pollution impacts of fast–food is directly and indirectly responsible for changing the climate.
Keywords: Fast-food habit, Human health, Environmental health, Economic impact, Sustainability
Fig. 1 Adverse impacts of fast–food in three dimensions: human and environmental health and economic
condition
Int J Env Tech Sci © April 25, 2016
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CONFERENCE ABSTRACT

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Environmental Awareness in Changing Climatic
Conditions
O. Yasaswitha, K. Jessica Varghese, D. Bhavya Kavitha, V. Saritha
Department of Environmental Studies, GITAM Institute of Science, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
E-mail: vsjr08@gmail.com
ABS TR AC T
Since the origin of life on this earth, the human beings are continuously taking the benefits from available
various resources in the environment. Due to improper and uncontrolled use of available resources, a
number of environmental issues like water scarcity, air pollution, noise pollution, global climate change,
ozone depletion as well as deforestation has been generated and posing threats to current as well as future
generation. Climate change is one of the most important environmental issues facing the world today. This is
evidenced by the spate of conferences, campaigns, reports and researches on climate change in the last 20
years to mention a few. The need of the hour is to make people sensitive towards nature through a strong
program of environmental education. Even though Environmental education has been included in formal
education from lower grades to higher grades, general public have failed to achieve skill to understand their
environment. There is also lack of data on attitudes, awareness, knowledge and understanding of the people
about environment. Therefore in this study we aimed to measure the level of awareness, knowledge and
attitude as objectives and components of environmental education among respondents from all walks of life.
A total of 250 respondents were administered with the tool of a structured questionnaire, respondents
were selected rapidly in and around Visakhapatnam (Fig. 1).
Fig. 1 Students are in awareness programme of climate change

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Our study revealed that a high proportion of surveyed respondents did perceive that climate change is
occurring but could mention possible consequences such as heavier rainfall and higher temperatures. The
most influential factor on such awareness was the level of education of the respondent; those with higher
education had more knowledge about climate change and its impact. Media will surely be an option.
Environmental Awareness to nearly 70% of the respondents was through media as found from our study,
role of media in creating environmental awareness should be enhanced. Also NGO’s can provide better and
immediate awareness regarding environmental issues.
Keywords: Climate change, Environmental Awareness, Perception, Pollution, Media

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Int J Env Tech Sci © April 25, 2016
www.journalijets.org
CONFERENCE ABSTRACT
Identifying the socio-economic problems
emphasizing on water resource and sanitation in
the village Swaupgunj near ISCON, Mayapur,
Nadia, West Bengal, India
Soma Debnath1, Rumpa Paul1, Jatindra N. Bhakta1, Santana Jana1, Paritosh Ghanti1, Ken
Gnanakan2 and B. B. Jana1*
1Kalyani Shine India (Centre for Environmental Protection & Human Resource Development) , B-10/289, Kalyani- 741235, West Bengal, India
2ACTS Group and William Carey University, Shillong, Meghalaya
*E-mail: bbjana@gmail.com
ABS TR AC T
India is a vast country with a land mass of about 3.28 million square km which accounts for only 2.4% of the
total geographical area of the world. Nevertheless, it is the second highest populous country of the world
with more than 1.31 billion people of which nearly 70% people are rural and dependent on farm based
agriculture for their livelihood. Agriculture sector has thus posed to be the largest employer in India.
However, it contributes very little (17%) to Gross Domestic Production (GDP). On the other side, in terms
of electoral, political equivalent of GDP of the country, agriculture’s share is very impressive (60%). Thus,
the villages have become the real soul of the country. Government of India has rightly paid much attention
towards development of rural economy by implementing several human resource development projects for
poverty alleviation, safe drinking water, hygienic sanitation, cleaner environment and food products for the
overall growth of the country. With a view to fulfill this mission, it t is absolutely necessary to survey the
details of the socio-economic status of rural people in terms of source of water, sanitation, education,
income, health, traditional and advanced knowledge, etc.
West Bengal with 91.347 million populations in 19 districts and spreading area of 88.752 sq. km is the
fourth most populous state of the country and population density of 1024. Sharing about 15% of the Indian
population with diverse castes and religion, the gender distribution is little higher towards male (1000) than
female (947). According to Census data, 12.3% population is below poverty line with an average income of
US $ 1.25 per day.
In terms of real Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP), West Bengal is the fifth largest state of the
country after Maharastra, Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh. West Bengal is the third largest
contributor in agriculture sector of real GSDP. It is one of the most important food producing states of India
producing nearly 20% of the rice and 33% of the potato yield.
Nadia is one of the 19 districts of West Bengal and is located in central part of the State with many
culturally rich heritage centres distributed across the district. Swarupganj is a village of Nadia which is
about 13 km towards west from historical city of Krishnanagar and 2 km from Nabadwip Dham and
ISCON - the famous International Krishna Conscious Mediation Centre in Mayapur, Nadia. The population
size of the village is around 90,000 of different casts and religion.
The villagers earn their bread (not butter) by the way of daily labour (Fig. 1 a and b), small farming, and
hardly as service. Landscape wise, the village is located on the bank of river Jalangi and Bagirathi which are
now facing the acute problem of water crisis and dry up (Fig 2) causing serious concern of water crisis and
sharp decline in fisherman’s activities. As a result, many fishermen have become idle or unoccupied due to
lack of fishing activities in the rivers. It is pertinent to project on the socio-economic status of this particular
village which is very close to culturally and economically rich ISCON temple but is very poor in economy.

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Fig. 1 Women are engaged as daily labour for their bread (a and b)
Fig. 2 The river is drying up - real scenario in river Bhagirathi
With a view to identifying the socio-economic status of the villagers of Swarupgunj under Swarupgunj
Gram Panchayat, a detailed survey was conducted during March 2016 in 300 families of this village using
well set questionnaire and interactions that focused on different problems of their daily life and livelihood.
The main objective was to identify the specific issues to be addressed for socio-economic development of
the area. The main focusing points that included in the field survey were: a) drinking water source, b)
useable water source and other water source for irrigation and domestic use. c) hygienic and safe sanitation,
d) education, e) average income per family f) school dropout among children g) employment opportunities
h) sex disparity education, i) child labour j) women empowerment k) lack of awareness, training and skill
development for local development.
The result of the survey revealed that out of 300 families with 1800 population, about 80% of the
populations are below the poverty line (BPL) and the rest are above the poverty line (APL). Lack of
employment opportunities or entrepreneurship in the villages forced the villagers’ to become daily wage
labour, rickshaw puller, hawker, sailor as it becomes evident from the data that 50% of the families with
2250 population in the village earn an average income of as low as Rs: 4000 per family, their monthly
expenses are more than their earnings in some families. About 15 % families in this village do not have
their own land to construct their house and they live in temporary sheds constructed on the side the railway
track of Eastern Railways.
As a source of drinking water, the villagers are dependent on deep tube well (28%) provided by the
Government, Gram Panchayat drinking water supply (67%) and surface water treated drinking water supply
by the Government (3.5%) and purchased mineral water (5.3%). No family has been shown to have their

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own drinking water source. Due to lack of awareness, the villagers used water from shallow wells as
drinking water when water collected from deep tube wells are not available in the house. This is serious
concern for the spread of water borne diseases among the villagers.
Despite much campaign for Narmal Bharat Aviyan by the Government of India, nearly 5% of the
surveyed families are not provided with sanitation facilities. They have to go for open defecation,
neighbour’s toilet, or public toilet. However, it is pleasure to note that a good number of families (83%) are
provided with proper sanitation facilities, and nearly 12% of the 300 families are not provided with scientific
sanitation.
Lack of awareness and proper waste management facilities is responsible for the widespread distribution
of garbage, plastics, broken glass wares, medicinal wastes, etc. This causes a serious air and water pollution
in the locality. It is evident that not a single family out of 300 families surveyed has any proper solid waste
management facilities.
As a source of partial income only 3 families of total 300 families surveyed are dependent on small scale
farming of agriculture using their own land resources. However, not a single family is associated with fish
culture because of lack of permanent water resources. On the other hand, many fishermen have become idle
or unoccupied due to lack of fishing activities in the Jalangi and Bhagirathi rivers since these rivers are
facing the problem of drying up causing serious concern of water crisis and sharp decline in fisherman’s
activities.
Survey further showed that the average income per family was Rs. 4500.00 with an average number of 6
members per family. This implied that an amount of Rs 750.00 per month or Rs. 25.00 per person per family
is available for their living expenses in this high price rising escalating market.
School drop out among children was only 3 or mere 1% among 300 families and perhaps working as
child labour. Among the girl drop out students (age 14 years), 3% of the families are working as house aid
(Fig. 3) in the locality or in other places.
Fig. 2 The school drops out girl students working as labour for bread
Survey revealed that the population of village with age ranging from 4 months old baby to 85 years old
man or women. However, it is noticeable that most of the families are not affected with any serious health
hazards except one boy and one girl are abnormal in behavior.
It is reasonable to conclude that the inhabitants of this village are extremely poor, subsisting on mostly on
daily labours and deprived of many facilities that may lead to quality life of a responsible citizen. Therefore,
it is necessary to address the enlisted problems of the villagers by undertaking awareness, training and
capacity building for skill development utilizing the available resources in the region and the traditional
knowledge of the villagers.
Keywords: Socio-economic status, Sanitation, Water resource, School dropout’s students, Below poverty
level

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Int J Env Tech Sci © April 25, 2016
www.journalijets.org
CONFERENCE ABSTRACT
Surveying the socio-economic status, water
resource and sanitation in two villages (Dogachia
and Gayeshpur) in Southern Part of Nadia, West
Bengal, India
Debopriya Panja1, Sridhar Pal-Chawdhury1, Jatindra N. Bhakta1, Santana Jana1, Paritosh
Ghanti1, Ken Gnanakan2 and B. B. Jana1*
1Kalyani Shine India (Centre for Environmental Protection & Human Resource Development), B-10/289, Kalyani- 741235, West Bengal, India
2ACTS Group and William Carey University, Shillong, Meghalaya
* E-mail: bbjana@gmail.com, lsnjbhakta@gmail.com
ABS TR AC T
India is a vast country with a land mass of about 3.28 million square km which accounts for only 2.4% of the
total geographical area of the world. Nevertheless, it is the second highest populous country of the world
with more than 1.31 billion people of which nearly 70% of people are rural and dependent on farm based
agriculture for their livelihood. Agriculture sector is thus the largest employer in India, but it contributes to
Gross Domestic Production (GDP) is only 17%. However, in terms of electoral, political equivalent of
GDP of the country, agriculture’s share is quite impressive with 60%.
Thus, the villages have become the real soul of the country and their role in the sustainable development
of the country cannot be ignored. As a result, Government of India has rightly paid much attention towards
development of village economy by implementing several human resource development projects for poverty
alleviation, safe drinking water, hygienic sanitation, cleaner environment and food products for the overall
growth of the country. With a view to fulfill this mission, it t is absolutely necessary to survey the details of
the villagers about the source of water, sanitation, education, income, health, traditional and advanced
knowledge, etc.
West Bengal with 91.347 million population in 19 districts and spreading area of 88.752 sq. km is the
fourth most populous state of the country and population density of 1024. Sharing about 15% of the Indian
population with diverse castes and religion, the gender distribution is little higher towards male (1000) than
female (947). According to Census, 12.3% population is below poverty line with an average income of US $
1.25 per day.
In terms of real Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP), West Bengal is the fifth largest state of the
country after Maharastra, Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh. This state is the third largest
contributor in agriculture sector of real GSDP. It is one of the most important food producing states of India
producing nearly 20% of the rice and 33% of the potato yield.
Nadia is one of the 19 districts of West Bengal and is located in central part of the State with many
culturally rich heritage centres distributed across the district.
Dogachhia is a village of Nadia which is about 3 km towards west from National High way No- 34
and 5 km from Bidhan Chandra Krishi Visva Vidyalaya and 1 km from the proposed site of AIMS in
Kalyani. The population size of the village is around 12,000 of different casts and religion. The economic
status of the villagers is quite different ranging from low to above average. As a result, this village is quite
interesting for survey. With a view to identifying the socio-economic status of the villagers of Dogachia
under Gayeshpur Municipality, a detailed survey was conducted during March 2016 using 200 families and
well set questionnaire and interactions that focused on different problems of their daily life and livelihood.
The main objective was to identify the specific issues to be addressed for socio-economic development of
the area. The main focusing points that included in the field survey were: a) drinking water source, b)

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useable water source and other water source for irrigation and domestic use. c) hygienic and safe sanitation,
d) education, e) average income per family f) school dropout among children g) water and land resources,
h) employment opportunities i) sex disparity education, j) child labour k) women empowerment l) lack of
awareness, training and skill development for local development.
The result of the survey revealed that out of 200 families with 22,000 population, only 5% population
are above the poverty line (APL) and majority of the population (95%) the rest are below the poverty line
(BPL). It is revealed that the population of village with age ranging from 4 months old baby to 85 years
old man or women. Age wise, 20% belong to children below 10 years, 15% was between 11-40 years, 10%
41-60% and rest are senior citizen. One male and female was reported to be 104 and 108 years and still
active in habits. It is also recorded that one boy and one girl have developed an abnormal behavior.
The average income per family was quite variable; about 31% of the families belonged to income group of
Rs. 4000.00 to Rs. 5000.00, the next 30% belonged to Rs. 6000.00. The next higher income was found in
25% families with earning Rs. 7000- 10,000.00 per month. The next high group of income was found in 6%
families earning Rs. 12,000.00- 20,000.00 per month. One family earns Rs. 25,000.00 and two families earn
Rs. 30,000.00 per month. The last of highest earning was found in a single family with Rs. 50,000.00 per
month. Thus, there was quite variations in monthly income among the villagers.
About 40% of the families have their own land used for farming of which some lands are not used for
farming or leased to others for farming and 60% of the families practice lease land cultivation. It is pleasure
to note that all the families in the villages reside in their own house constructed in their own land.
As a source of drinking water, the villagers are dependent on deep tube well (45%) provided by the
Government, Gram Panchayat drinking water supply (40%), arsenic free tube well (10%) and 5% on pond
water as drinking water source. This is serious concern for the spread of water borne diseases among the
villagers. Health wise, about 23% of the families are disease free, 20% suffer from diarrhea, skin disease,
eczema 3% families have cancer, 4% have malnutrition, 1% malaria.
Despite much campaign for Narmal Bharat Aviyan by the Government of India, nearly 4% of the surveyed
families are not provided sanitation facilities. They have to go for open defecation. It is to be noted that 15%
of the families are provided with Govt. built sanitary toilets, 10% of the families use Khata toilet (temporary
shed toilet), and only 5% of the families have their own constructed toilets. Therefore, it is heartening to
record that some families have developed the habit of open defecation despite they are economically more
sound than Swarupganj village in northern part of Nadia.
As a source of partial income, most of the families (65%) are dependent on small scale farming of paddy
and vegetables, banana (15%), sugarcane (10%) , guava ( 5%) and rest for miscellaneous. As a source of
surface water 20% of the families do have ponds, but most of them are in the form of derelict water and are
used for domestic purpose. However, not a single family is associated with fish culture.
Lack of employment opportunities or entrepreneurship in the villages forced the villagers’ to become
daily labour (60%), contractual workers (25%) in the form of bindi binding, making paper packet, stitching,
small business, and rest (11%) as industrial workers and 4% as service in Schools, Universitity and
Haringhata Dairy Farm, etc. Exceptions were found in few families those who have impressive earnings.
About 70% female workers work as bindi binding and stiching, whereas the rest as housewives. School drop
out among children was 28% of which 13% work as male child labour, whereas (15%) girl students act as
agricultural labour, household labour, and working in small shops.
It is pleasure to note that majority of families (92%) have their own arrangement for disposal of solid
wastes, whereas rest of the families are dependent on Govt. provided Dust Bin. They have constructed their
pit for disposal of kitchen wastes and other wastes in the own premises.
About 20% of the families use LPG cooking gas, 5% use kerosene oil as fuel, and rest are dependent of
wood, dry leaves, garbage, cow dung cake, etc and thereby contributing to the emission of green house
gases.
It is reasonable to conclude that the inhabitants of this village are moderately poor, but are very poor in
their sanitation habits. Intensive awareness campaign has to be conducted for these people for upliftment of
their knowledge, economy and life quality. Facilities are extremely poor for transforming these people into
responsible citizen. Therefore, it is necessary to address the enlisted problems of the villagers by undertaking
awareness, training and capacity building for skill development utilizing the available resources in the region
and the traditional knowledge of the villagers.
Keywords: Socio-economy, Sanitation, Water resource, Employment, Below poverty, Waste management

International E-Conference on “Current Trends in Environmental Conservation & Management as Adaptive Measures for Climate Change”
37
Int J Env Tech Sci © April 25, 2016
www.journalijets.org
CONFERENCE ABSTRACT
Biofloc technology in mitigating luminescent
Vibrio problems in shrimp aquaculture
ppt
Amit Mandal *, Sib K. Das**
Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, W.B.U.A.F.S., Kolkata-700094, West Bengal, India
Email: * amwbuafs@gmail.com ; **skdaswbuafs@gmail.com
ABS TR AC T
With rapid intensification in shrimp aquaculture globally, various types of disease have surfaced resulting in
serious losses in the production increased use of aquaculture drugs. Luminescent bacteria easily found in sea
water, marine sediments, in the guts of marine animals and on the surface of decomposing fish and they emit
light as the result of a chemical reaction during which chemical energy is converted to light energy
(Azizunnisa and Sreeramulu, 2003). Luminescent bacterial disease is responsible for mortality of cultured
shrimp worldwide species from Vibrio are the most common bacterial pathogens causing some of the most
serious diseases, growth and sporadic mortalities in penaeid shrimp. The acute infection usually occurs when
shrimps are one month old and therefore farmers call it one month mortality syndrome. However, chronic
Vibrio infections can occur during later stages of the culture as well, that too till harvest, especially due to
poor water and pond bottom quality conditions. When the problem occurs later in the crop cycle, it is often
associated with “loose shell syndrome”.
Now a day, the luminescent vibriosis disease is common phenomena in Litopenaeus vannamei culture in
West Bengal and many coastal states of India. Over the past decade, production of L. vannamei in bioflocs
based intensive systems with zero-water exchange has become popular and achieved sustainable
(Wasielesky et al., 2006). Original bioflocs characterized by Bacillus sp. as the predominant bacteria (Zhao
et al., 2012). Natural production of some substances (Dinh et al., 2010; Iyapparaj et al., 2013) by bacteria in
FLOC (Halet et al., 2007) has been reported to inhibit growth of co-habiting pathogenic species such as V.
harveyi (Defoirdt et al., 2007). In biofloc system, pH decreases due to transformation of sugars into lactic
acid by the Lactobacillus spp. can, at the same time, avoid the proliferation of pathogens (Ma et al., 2009).
The probiotic altered the species composition of the Vibrio community (Diana Aguilera-Rivera et al., 2014).
Water of shrimp tanks fed with bioflocs inoculated with Bacillus had on an average 5 times lower Vibrio
load when compared to the shrimp tanks fed an artificial feed (Crab, 2010). These results indicate that
inoculating biofloc reactors with probiotic bacteria might have biocontrol effect toward Vibrio spp., but the
inoculation of biofloc systems with specific desired microorganisms needs further investigation in order to
confirm these beneficial effects.
The present paper deals with the application of biofloc in controlling luminous bacteria in brackish water
shrimp culture ponds. Semi-intensive white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannaemei) grow-out ponds were
selected at Rasulpur, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, India. The experiment was carried into three ponds
(1000 m2 each) with 3 meters water depth. The stocking density of PL-10 in each pond was 50-60 nos/ m2.
Shrimps were fed 3 times per day at 05:00, 14:00 and 17:00 h. @ 3-5% of their body weight. The culture
process was carried out with no water exchange except addition of chlorinated water to make up the water
loss due to evaporation and seepage.
Locally purchased molasses (~95% purity) was used as a cheap carbohydrate source for preparation of
biofloc media (Table 1). The media is locally known as fermented juice. Two types of media were used for
this experiment. The experiment was carried out for 105 days.

International E-Conference on “Current Trends in Environmental Conservation & Management as Adaptive Measures for Climate Change”
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All the ingredients were mixed thoroughly and kept for 72 hours for proper fermentation. After aerobic
fermentation, the yellow colored juice was sieved and left over was re-used. The juice was directly added to
each of the culture ponds @ 10 L at alternate day for a period of 45 day during the first half of the culture
period. Samples of water and sediment were collected following standard protocols and total viable bacterial
counts (TVC) and luminous bacterial counts (LBC) microbial abundance was monitored at fortnightly
intervals by spread plate technique. The ten fold serial dilutions of water and sediment samples were
prepared and appropriate dilutions of the samples were plated on to nutrient agar supplemented with 1.0%
w/v NaCl (NA) (Abraham et al., 2003), Zobell’s marine agar and Bacillus selective agar. Luminous bacteria
were observed and counted in a darkened room after 16-18 hours of incubation for observation of
luminescence. Luminous colonies with distinct colony characteristics were aseptically picked, streaked
Zobell’s marine agar plate and Zobell’s marine agar slants to get a pure culture. Luminous bacterial isolates
were identified only through biochemical test according to Abraham et al. (2005).
Table 1 Composition of biofloc media used for the experiment
Medium –I
Medium -II
(1000 m3 area)
Boiled rice water
150 L
Boiled Neem leaves
2 Kg
Molasses
25 L
Molasses
3 Kg
Yeast
6 Kg
Yeast
250 gm
Filtered freshwater
50 L
Filtered freshwater
50 L
The biofloc media produced two gram positive bacteria which were identified through gram staining.
Total heterotrophic bacteria, presumptive Vibrio bacteria and luminescent Vibrio bacteria and Bacillus sp.
bacterial population are tabulated (Table 2).
Table 2 Bacterial population in water and sediment
Initial (cfu x 103ml-1)
(Mean± SD)
Final (cfu x 103ml-1)
(Mean± SD)
Overall mean (cfu x
103ml-1) Mean ± SD
Medium-I
Water
THB
3.2±0.1
8.3±0.1
6.2±1.73
Presumtive Vibrio
1.7±0.1
0.93±0.15
1.26±0.34
Luminescent Vibrio bacteria
1.3±0.1
0.3±0.1
0.64±0.41
Bacillus sp.
0.33±0.02
1.51±0.03
0.94±0.46
Sediment
THB
2.63±0.15
7.93±0.42
5.25±1.59
Presumtive Vibrio
3.83±0.25
0.7±0.1
2.22±1.15
Luminescent Vibrio bacteria
2.07±0.25
0.67±0.15
0.99±0.57
Bacillus sp.
0.42±0.02
1.88±0.03
1.19±0.53
Medium-II
Water
THB
3.3±0.1
8.07±0.55
5.9 ±1.67
Presumtive Vibrio
1.83±0.12
1.06±0.31
1.19±0.34
Luminescent Vibrio bacteria
1.27±0.06
0.2±0.1
0.58±0.41
Bacillus sp.
0.34±0.02
1.64±0.03
1.06±0.5
Sediment
THB
2.57±0.15
7.27±0.25
4.29±1.71
Presumtive Vibrio
4.4±0.1
0.57±0.15
2.34±1.4
Luminescent vibrio bacteria
2.1±0.1
0.6±0.2
1.0±0.6
Bacillus sp.
0.42±0.01
1.97±0.05
1.25±0.57

International E-Conference on “Current Trends in Environmental Conservation & Management as Adaptive Measures for Climate Change”
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The results indicated drastic reduction of Vibrio community and concomitant increase of Bacillus in both
the biofloc media applied. Biochemical test indicated abundance of gram-positive, motile, spore forming,
rod shaped aerobic bacteria and were positive for oxidase and citrate utilization. Based on biochemical
properties both the isolates remained close resemblance to Bacillus sp. Therefore, biofloc technology can be
an effective tool in controlling Vibrio related health problems in shrimp culture as well as in ameliorating the
overall environmental health of the culture system.

International E-Conference on “Current Trends in Environmental Conservation & Management as Adaptive Measures for Climate Change”
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Int J Env Tech Sci © April 25, 2016
www.journalijets.org
CONFERENCE ABSTRACT
Soil organic carbon dynamics in alfisols under
long-term (28 years) rice-wheat cropping system
in sub-humid India
ppt
Ashim Datta1, Biswapati Mandal2
1ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal- 132 001, Haryana
2Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani – 741235, West Bengal, India
E-Mail: ashimdatta2007@gmail.com
ABS TR AC T
In twenty first century, human civilization is currently being threatened by very important global issues
which include Climate change, human population explosion and Food insecurity. All these issues are
directly or indirectly linked to global carbon (C) cycle as influenced by the terrestrial C pool and its
dynamics. Enhancing the terrestrial C pool is one of the strategies to address these issues which also
improve soil quality and ecosystem functions. Rice-wheat is a major crop rotation in the Indo-Gangetic
Plains (lGP) of South Asia; spread over 13.5 million ha in Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Pakistan and
provide livelihood to millions of people. Soil organic carbon (SOC) is one of the most important
components in soil that contributes positively to soil fertility, soil tilth, crop production, and overall soil
sustainability. Therefore, there is an imperative need to increase our understanding of the dynamics of C in
soils and the role that the soils may play in the long term accumulation and sequestration of atmospheric C
and subsequently its stabilization to passive pools. To examine the process of C stabilization, fractionation
of C into pools is of importance. Once it is known, we can say how much carbon is stabilized into passive
pool under different AEZs of the country. Therefore, we attempted to study the C dynamics in soils under
continuous cultivation for 28 years with rice-wheat cropping system under alfisol of hot sub-humid tropical
region of the country.
The treatments were Control, NPK, NPK+FYM and fallow. The experiment was laid out in a randomized
block design situated in the campus of Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology. Soil samples from
each of the plots of the selected treatments of the experiment were collected from three depths namely 0-15,
15-30 and 30-45 cm with a bucket auger after harvesting of rice crop on 2011 and prepared for laboratory
analysis.
Depth-wise soil samples were collected using a metal core sampler for bulk density analysis (Blake and
Hartage, 1986). Soil pH (soil:water, 1: 2.5) was determined by following standard methods (Jackson, 1967).
Soil textural analysis was performed by following the Boyoucous hydrometer method (Gee and Bauder,
1986). Aggregate separation was done by using wet sieving apparatus (Yoder, 1936). Organic C content of
the soils under different land uses was determined following Walkley and Black's method (Jackson 1973).
Total carbon was estimated by CHNS Vario El cube analyser (Elementar, Germany). Total organic carbon
(TOC) was calculated by subtracting inorganic carbon from total carbon. Different fractions of soil organic
C viz., very labile (VL), labile (L), less labile (LL), non-labile (NL), active (AP) and passive pools (PP)
(Mandal et. al. 2008), and aggregate associated C (Tiessen and Moir 1993) were also determined following
standard protocols. Soil inorganic carbon content was determined by Collin's calcimeter (Allison and
Moodie 1965). Iron and aluminium oxide content of the soils were determined by following the method of
Olsen & Ellis (1982) and Bloom et al. (1978), respectively.
Without balanced fertilization caused 17% decrease in SOC stock; whereas, balanced fertilization along
with organic supplementation (NPK+FYM) enriched SOC by 29.3% over the initial status at 0-15 cm soil

International E-Conference on “Current Trends in Environmental Conservation & Management as Adaptive Measures for Climate Change”
41
depth. While comparing with fallow, cultivation with both the NPK and NPK+FYM treatments caused 27.7
and 10% depletion in SOC stock respectively at surface soil. Soil inorganic C constituted very small
proportion of the total soil C stock at 0-15 cm depth of soil. Out of the several pools analyzed, a higher
proportion of C was found in very labile followed by less labile, labile pool, and non-labile pool constituting
about 29.8, 15.6, 15.3 and 8.6% of the TOC at surface soil. This indicated that proportionately a higher
amount of SOC resided in active compared to passive pools (Fig. 1). The results further showed that 6.1% of
the applied C was stabilized in the form of SOC and remaining 93.9% oxidized to CO2 from surface soil.
Such enrichment was directly related with crop residue C in soil. Out of the total WSA, mesoaggregates
shared the maximum proportion (38%) followed by coarse macro and fine microaggregates. The aggregate
associated C in general, preferentially, resided with mesoaggregates followed by coarse macroaggregates,
fine microaggregates, ‘silt+clay’ sized aggregates and coarse microaggregates, in a decreasing order
constituting 37.9, 15.5, 13.1, 13 and 11.6%, respectively, of the total aggregate associated C at surface soil.
Thus, it can be concluded that under sub humid region of the country, growing of rice-wheat cropping
system in alfisols with balanced fertilization and C supplementation through FYM caused a net C
sequestration at the same time produces sufficient food to feed the burgeoning population of the country as
well as plays an important role in livelihood security of the poor people of India.
Fig. 1 Depth-wise distribution of active (AP) and passive pool (PP) of SOC under Rice-wheat cropping
system of OUAT, Orissa. Horizontal bars indicate ±S.E. of mean of the observed values
Keywords: Soil organic carbon, Carbon sequestration, Rice-wheat cropping, Sub-humid region, NPK,
Microaggregates
AP
PP

International E-Conference on “Current Trends in Environmental Conservation & Management as Adaptive Measures for Climate Change”
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Int J Env Tech Sci © April 25, 2016
www.journalijets.org
CONFERENCE ABSTRACT
Climate resilient aquaculture in India
Riya Dinda*, Shib K. Das**, Amit Mandal***
Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, W.B.U.A.F.S. Kolkata-700094, West Bengal, India
Email: * mum.ree@gmail.com; ** skdaswbuafs@gmail.com; *** amwbuafs@gmail.com
ABS TR AC T
The fisheries and aquaculture sector established themselves as significant contributors to global food
security and livelihood. In recent years, climate variability manifested by rise of sea level, increased
incidence of flood, drought, tropical cyclones and increasing water stress in various countries of the world
have adversely affected the aquatic ecosystems, fisheries and fishers’ livelihood (Cruz et al. 2007; Badjeck
et al. 2010; Das et al. 2013). Vulnerability of national economies to the impacts of climate change on
fisheries and aquaculture (Allison et al. 2009). Water availability for aquaculture is already become a serious
constraint in several parts of Asia. Since climate change is expected to affect the availability of freshwater
and the flow in rivers, it is essential to address: water budgeting, lower water availability and quality and
zero water exchange farming system issues. Increased water temperatures leads to associated physical and
biological changes in aquatic environment, such as shifts in dissolved oxygen levels, pattern of internal
mixing, species composition and biomass etc. These have been linked to more frequent algal blooms, loss of
heterogeneity, and, increase in the intensity and frequency of disease outbreaks.
The impacts on aquaculture from climate change will likely to be both positive and negative arising from
both direct and indirect impacts on major natural resources of aquaculture. In India damage to shrimp
aquaculture due to extreme climatic events was assessed by NICRA-CIBA during Drought in 2002,
Cyclones Nisha in 2008, Aila in 2009, Laila in 2010 and Krishna River Flood in 2009 and rare event like
Tsunami in 2004. Positive effects of climate change upon aquaculture sector are longer growing seasons,
lower natural winter mortality and faster growth rates in higher latitudes and opening up of new
opportunities for brackish water aquaculture (as in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands). The biological
impacts of climate change are more prominent as increased severity of ‘summer mortality’, which is linked
to temperature, salinity, O2 levels, reproductive stress and disease (Li et al. 2007, 2010). Increases in
temperature may have negative impacts on growth, reproduction and health (Fearman and Moltschaniwskyj,
2010). Increases in temperature are likely to impact broodstock conditioning and egg quality (Pankhurst and
King, 2010). The operational impacts of climate change like increases in flood events and fluctuating
salinity levels and sea level rise (Oulton, 2009) may affect farm site suitability in land-based systems. Storm
increases may lead to increased mechanical damage to infrastructure and reduce the time available for
operational tasks.
Due to cyclonic storm Phailin in 2013 in Odisha 2,460 marine boats and 2,460 motor were completely
damaged, while 944 were damaged partially. In inland fishery sector boats and nets of fishermen were also
severely damaged although it was less than that of marine fishery sector. The total loss of inland fishery
sector due to cyclone and rain amounted to Rs. 2032.06 lakhs.
The resilient capacity aquaculture systems are decreasing due to increasing accumulative pollution,
resource degradation caused by increasing intensive production and other factors. Various adaptations have
taken for coastal aquaculture to climate change. Autonomous adaptation are taken by farmers like changing
farm management practices, upgrading pond dykes, adopting alternative species, improved strains, etc.

International E-Conference on “Current Trends in Environmental Conservation & Management as Adaptive Measures for Climate Change”
43
Planned adaptation like improved broodstock, feeds (lower food conversion ratio), production systems with
more efficient nutrient and energy flows; research and market development for new species. To mitigate the
problems due to climate change some polices have been implicated for coastal aquaculture. Smart strategy
is to maintain farming system diversification. Support small scale and low intensive systems to enhance
social-ecological resilience. Protect and conserve sensitive coastal ecosystems, provide incentives for
farmers to restore mangroves, adopt ecosystem based approaches to aquaculture. As with other food sectors,
distribution, packaging and other supply chain components like mode of transport, refrigeration also will
contribute to the aquaculture sector’s carbon footprint. Carbon labelling exerts more emphasis on
greenhouse gas emissions, issuing guidance and standards.
Carbon sequestration and pond management interventions are new strategies to mitigate the problems
due to green house gases. There are opportunities to mitigate the climate change through carbon
sequestration and other pond management interventions for minimizing carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide
emissions from aquaculture sector. Aquaculture has a potential significance in the carbon cycle, fixing CO2
through phytoplankton. If carbon is sequestered in the soil and used to increase productivity, there will be
reduction in atmospheric carbon levels. Evaluation of other cleaner technology such as anaerobic ammonia
oxidation (ANAMMOX) which emits no or less nitrous oxide is a potential area in decreasing nitrous oxide.
Several national initiatives have been taken for climate resilient agriculture. National Initiative on Climate
Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) was launched during February 2011, by Indian Council of Agricultural
Research (ICAR).The Institute has one international project entitled Strengthening Adaptive Capacities to
the Impacts of Climate Change in Resource poor Small scale Aquaculture and Aquatic Resources dependent
Sector in the South and Southeast Asian Region (Aqua Climate project) funded by NORAD
(Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation) and coordinated by Network of Aquaculture Centres in
Asia Pacific (NACA), Bangkok. As coordinating centre the Faculty of Fishery Sciences, West Bengal
University Of Animal And Fishery Sciences working on the project “Development of Climate Resilient
Aquaculture Strategies for Sagar and Basanti Blocks of Indian Sundarban” to give some relief to the
affected fish farmers through adaptation strategies funded by ICAR under NICRA. International Centre of
Ecological Engineering (ICEE), Kalyani University also focused on carbon sequestration by aquatic primary
producers.
So, planned adaptation to climate change is enabling diverse and flexible livelihood strategies.
Supporting flexible, adaptive institutions, technological innovation, developing risk reduction initiatives,
local and national planned adaptation, mitigating future impacts. We can obtain the efficient and resilient
aquaculture through improved management and better aquaculture practices. Early warning, developing
predictive models through simulation studies creating awareness and training for adaptation is needed for
flexible livelihood of fisher folk. Holistic approach is most essential incorporating all the stakeholders.
Keywords: Aquaculture, Climate change, Adaptations, Strategic plan

International E-Conference on “Current Trends in Environmental Conservation & Management as Adaptive Measures for Climate Change”
44
Int J Env Tech Sci © April 25, 2016
www.journalijets.org
CONFERENCE ABSTRACT
The ameliorating effect of plant ingredients and
vitamin C in UV-B irradiated major carp, Catla
catla
ppt
Jai Gopal Sharma, Moirangthem K. Singh
Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, India
E-mail: sharmajaigopal@yahoo.com
ABS TR AC T
Ultraviolet radiation is a potent environmental stressor to aquatic organisms. India being a tropical country
receives high amount UV-B radiation. UV-B can penetrate several meters into the water. The harmful effect
of UV-B includes damage like physiology, biochemistry, reproduction and growth of the exposed animals.
The present study aims to evaluate the effect of various enriched diets on the physiology of UV-B irradiated
carp Catla catla.
Catla were exposed to UV-B radiation (80µW/cm2) for 20 min/day for a length of 10 days. Fish without
exposure served as control. On day-11, fish were divided into five different groups and fed with four
experimental diets: D1 containing 0.5% Withania somnifera (ashwagandha) root powder, D2 containing
2.5% Emblica officinalis (amla) fruit powder, D3 containing 800 mg/kg vitamin C, D4 containing 0.5% seed
of Achyranthes aspera (prickly chaff flower) and control diet D5. Blood and tissue samples were collected
on day-0, 7, 14 and 21 of feeding. Among the exposed fish, significantly (P < 0.05) higher average weight
was found in D4 compared to other treatments. Glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), carbonyl protein
(CP) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in
control diet fed exposed fish on day-0 compared to others. Significantly (P<0.05) lower super oxide
dismutase (SOD) was observed in D4 diet fed catla compared to others. An inverse relationship was
observed between GPT, CP, TBARS, SOD and days of feeding. Significantly (P < 0.05) lower nitric oxide
synthase (NOS) was recorded in control diet fed exposed catla compared to the test diets fed fish.
Significantly (P < 0.05) lower heat shock protein (Hsp) 70 was recorded in D4 diet fed catla compared to
others. Hsp90 was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in D2 diet fed catla compared to others on day-7. This was
minimum in D4 diet fed fish. Comet assay study confirmed the positive effect of enriched diets. It may be
concluded that supplementation of plant ingredients and vitamin C helped the fish to overcome the harmful
effect of UV-B radiation.
Keywords: Plant ingredients, Vitamin C, UV-B irradiated, Major carp, Heat shock protein

International E-Conference on “Current Trends in Environmental Conservation & Management as Adaptive Measures for Climate Change”
45
Int J Env Tech Sci © April 25, 2016
www.journalijets.org
CONFERENCE ABSTRACT
Immunodetection of white spot syndrome virus
(WSSV) in water flocculated by the addition of
flocculating agent
Amrita Rani1*, K. S. Ramesh2, Arunima Deka1
1Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, W.B.U.A.F.S. Kolkata-700094, West Bengal, India
2College of Fisheries, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
*E-mail:: amritar26@gmail.com
ABS TR AC T
Surveillance of coastal waters, for recreation, cultivation of shellfish, or other activities with relevance for
human health, includes monitoring for faecal pollution. While any pollution might pose a health risk for
humans, faecal pollution from human sources presents a particular hazard since it might contain pathogens
that specifically infect humans. Although detection of the conventional faecal pollution indicators,
Escherichia coli and intestinal entercocci, is straightforward, occurrence of bacterial indicators does not
necessarily correlate with the presence of viral pathogens that are more stable than bacteria in the
environment, nor do bacterial indicators provide information on the potential origin of the contamination.
Several workers have reported substantial levels of pathogenic viruses in bathing waters complying with
local public health regulation. In addition, epidemiological studies carried out to estimate the health risk of
swimming in bathing waters have suggested that the gastroenteritis burden of bathers which are attributable
the presence of viruses is detected at concentration of bacterial indicators well below statutory standards.
There is therefore a public health requirement for the additional parameters that indicate the presence of
viruses in bathing waters and shellfish growing areas more reliably. A one step protocol for the
concentration of viruses from coastal waters was therefore developed based on the direct binding of the
viruses through flocculation. Flocculation and dispersion of colloidal suspension are important unit of
operations in many industries such as pulp and papermaking mineral and ceramics processing and water
treatment to name a few. Flocculation is a complex phenomenon that involves several steps or sub processes
occurring sequentially. These includes: Mixing of particles and polymers or surfactants in solution,
adsorption of the polymers or the surfactants molecules on particle surfaces, reconfirmation of adsorbed
chains on the surface, formation of aggregates due to salts, polymers, or surfactant, breakage of flocs by
shear, restructuring of flocs, reflocculation of broken flocs, desorption of polymers under high shear, and
subsidence or sedimentation or creaming of flocs. Thus, the present study focused on the detection of WSSV
in water sample. WSSV infection in the shrimp was confirmed by immunodot and was purified from the
positive shrimp samples.
Shrimp samples were tested for WSSV by immunodot assay. WSSV targeted tissues from the shrimp
(gills, foregut, epithelial layer from cephalothorax, Pleopods) were ground to a fine paste using microfuge
pestle. The homogenate was stored at room temperature for 30 min to allow larger tissue particles to settle.
Clear supernatant (3 μl) from the tissue homogenate was dotted onto 0.2 μm nitrocellulose membrane and air
dried for 5 min. The membrane was blocked with 3% BSA-PBS for 1hr in a shaker wash the membrane 3
times with wash buffer (PBS supplemented with 0.05% Tween 20) and PBS. The membrane was incubated
with one week old cell culture supernatant of mouse monoclonal hybridoma clone for 1½ hr , washed 3
times with wash buffer and treated for 20 min with rabbit anti- mouse IgG- HRP (Sigma USA) diluted
1:2000 in 3% (w/v) BSA-PBS. The membrane was washed thoroughly 3 times with wash buffer and
incubated with 4-chloro-1-napthol solution for 5 min, air dried and observed for development of purple-blue

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colored dots. The reaction was stopped by washing the membrane under tap water. Immunodot positive
shrimp samples were further used for purification of WSSV. Six measuring cylinders of 50 ml capacity were
used with two treatments (T1 and T2) and one control (C) with replicates (R1 and R2). 50 ml of filtered
seawater was taken in each measuring cylinders added with 15 ppm and 30ppm of aluminium sulphate
solution in treatment T1 replicate R1 and R2 and treatment T2 replicate R1and R2 with control having no
aluminium sulphate solution. Aluminium sulphate (Alum) solution was prepared by dissolving 15 ppm and
30 ppm. The WSSV viral protein used in the experiment was 0.2 mg/ml in each treatment and control. Keep
the cylinders without disturbing and the flocs were allowed to sediment by gravity and collect the sample of
supernatant (surface) and pellet (floc) separately in 1.5 ml tubes at every 6hrs interval ( 6, 12, 18, 24 , 30 and
36 hrs) from each treatment and control. Centrifuge the tubes containing flocs at 10,000 x g for 15 min. at
40°C. The supernatant was carefully removed and resuspend the lower pellet in 100 μl of PBS. The pellet
and supernatant was labeled and stored at 40°C and analyzed by Immunodot. Samples were dotted on to the
nitrocellulose membrane shows early detection of virus in supernatant sample was seen at 6, 12 and 18 hrs in
supernatant sample while in pellet sample early detection was observed at 12, 18 and 24 h in 15 ppm and 30
ppm compared with control.
Keywords: Flocculation, Immunodot, WSSV

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Int J Env Tech Sci © April 25, 2016
www.journalijets.org
CONFERENCE ABSTRACT
Indigenous low cost technique Kangra Kal for
crab capturing and Kuro Jali for small fish and
shrimp capturing in Hooghly district of West
Bengal, India
Arka Chowdhury*, Shib K. Das**, Amit Mandal***
Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, W.B.U.A.F.S. Kolkata-700094, West Bengal, India
Email: * arka406@gmail.com, ** skdaswbuafs@gmail.com, *** amwbuafs@gmail.com
ABS TR AC T
Indigenous technical knowledge in inland aquaculture sector particularly to the fishing communities of rural
West Bengal is playing a major role in livelihood of the poor artisanal fishers. In Hooghly district, West
Bengal Kangra Kal is very popular and age old familiar trap for capturing freshwater crab. It is very simple
as well as efficient traditional trap. For fabricating this trap the rural people simply use a big sized earthen
pot (jala/kolshi) and wrap it with hay padding. Sometimes they used to wrap it in spiral pattern with the
rope made from paddy straw, locally named as BICHULI. Thereafter they put some baits like fried rice bran
or ground nut oil cake or mixture of both inside the pot and install it in the pond bed in such a way that the
trap is in submerged condition and the mouth portion of it will be on the upward direction during the late
hours of the day. The trapping device can be kept overnight into the pond and taken out from water early
morning of next day
Being attracted by the sweet smell of the baits, crabs gradually make gathering surrounding the trap.
Then they start to crawl into the trapping device through the hay padding with the help of their sharp edged
walking legs (periopods) and ultimately trapped into the device. As the crabs are unable to swim vertically,
they can’t escape from the trap even after the completion of their feeding. In the following morning, fishers
gently take away the trap from the water and after dewatering the crabs are easily collected. The collected
crabs are used either for marketing in live condition or for domestic consumption.
Two small bamboo sticks should be set cross each other (look like ‘X’ structure). Two folded cloth
placed below the structure look like a bag with 1-1.5 feet depth. The structure looks like Chinese dip net.
The structure is known as KURO JALI in Hooghly district of West Bengal. Kuro Jali is supported by a
bamboo pole placed at side of the pond embankment. Generally, rice husk, rice bran and ground nut oil cake
mixed together to make bait which is placed on the cloth. The cloth serves as base for capture of fish and
small freshwater shrimp. Fish and shrimp attracted by sweet smell of the bait and come into the cloth bag.
The structure is placed under the water for 15-20 minutes. After that, the structure should be lift out from the
water for capturing the fish and small shrimp. The collected fish and shrimp are used for human
consumption.
Keywords: Indigenous technical knowledge, Kangra Kal, Crab, Kuro Jali, Bait, Small fish and shrimp

International E-Conference on “Current Trends in Environmental Conservation & Management as Adaptive Measures for Climate Change”
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Int J Env Tech Sci © April 25, 2016
www.journalijets.org
CONFERENCE ABSTRACT
Alterations in the management practices of
composite fish farming in North 24 Parganas
district, West Bengal
Banasree Biswas*, Shib K. Das**, Amit Mandal***
Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, W.B.U.A.F.S. Kolkata-700094, West Bengal, India
Email: * simaffsc09@gmail.com, ** skdaswbuafs@gmail.com, *** amwbuafs@gmail.com
ABS TR AC T
Aquaculture contributed 78 % of the India’s total fish production. Besides providing livelihood security to
more than 14 million people, the sector has been one of the major foreign exchange earners, with revenue
reaching Rs.10, 048 crores in 2010-11 accounting for about 18% of total agricultural export from India. The
contribution of West Bengal to the total production of the country is about 18.28 per cent while the share in
total consumption of fish food in the state is about 28.57 per cent (Goswami and Samajdar 2012). Carp
polyculture wherein species composition with compatible species of Indian and exotic carps together in the
same pond known as composite culture was introduced by Indian council of Agricultural Research during
the 1970s. Introduction of three exotic Asian carps namely grass carp, silver carp and common carp in India
as the component of composite fish culture has resulted in enhanced productivity. Therefore, composite fish
culture is a proven technology aimed for obtaining higher yield and return from a unit area. With Proper
management a production of 4 to 5 tonnes/ha can be obtained in a year. However, farmers of West Bengal
have largely modified the classical management practices of composite farming (Biswas 2015).
In India, a majority of the farmers preferred catla and rohu (Dey et al. 2005), silver carp (Wahab et al.
2011) and grass carp (Li and Mathias, 1994). It is reported that a 5:1 stocking ratio by weight is most
suitable for grass carp and filter feeder (silver carp, bighead carp and common carp) in a polyculture system.
Raw cow dung @ 1000 kg/ha/month can be applied near the dyke of the pond. Urea can be applied @ 25
kg/ha/month and SSP @20 kg/ha/month (Prabaharan 2012). Supplementary feeding of oil cake and bran
with a mixing ratio of 1:1@2-3% of the body weight results in better production of fishes. Feeding rate
should be 5 - 6 % of the body weight upto 500 g size of fish and then reduced to 3.5% of body weight from
500-1000 g size of fish (Lekshmi et al. 2014).
The present study was conducted in the purposively selected North 24 Parganas district (22º11'6"-
23º15'2" N; 88º20' - 89º5' E) of West Bengal. North 24 Parganas district was purposively selected as it has
vast and diverse inland fishery resources ideally suited for taking up scientific fish culture. Six blocks have
been selected among twenty two development blocks in North 24-Parganas. From each of the selected
blocks, two villages each were selected by simple random sampling technique. Therefore, twelve villages
served as the representing unit for the study. Numbers of fish farmers from each village were selected by
using proportionate stratified random sampling technique. A total 60 fish farmers comprising proportionate
number from the selected blocks constituted the respondents for the study.
Less than 50% fishermen practice in their own ponds and 60% of the fishermen practice composite fish
farming within a 1 ha rectangular (95%) pond in mostly rain fed perennial ponds (65%) through well
management was reflected in the average productivity of the farmers. Majority of farmers (78.33%) devoid
of aquatic macrophytes of their ponds. Most of the farmers (86.67%) apply mohua oil cake @ > 2500 kg/ha
for eradication of unwanted fish during pre stocking management. Majority of fishermen (78.33%) eradicate
aquatic insect through repeated netting and chemical (Nuvan, Ustad etc). Nearly 55% fishermen apply

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agricultural lime @ ≥ 350kg/ha by broadcasting over their pond without measuring the pH either of water or
of soil during pre stocking management. Likely two thirds of the fishermen apply cow dung as manure in
their pond before stocking with no specific dosage.
Regarding stocking, majority of farmers (≥53.34%) stock fish twice in a year @ > 15000 nos./ha without
disinfecting the fish seeds. Around 20% fishermen depend on IMC along with exotic carp and with bata,
japani puti, tilapia and black carp, 16.67% fish farmers prefer IMC along with silver carp, grass carp and
bata, 13.33% of surveyed fishermen prefer IMC along with silver carp, bata, common carp and Japani puti,
11.67% fish farmers prefer IMC along with silver carp, grass carp, bata, japani puti, mola carplet, 10% fish
farmers prefer IMC along with silver carp, grass carp, bata and japani puti, 8.33% fish farmers prefer IMC
along with silver carp, grass carp, bata, Japani puti and black carp and 3.34% of surveyed fishermen include
prawn along with IMC, grass carp, bata and silver carp without following the classical six species
combination for composite fish farming.
Majority of the fish farmers (81.67%) apply SSP and urea during post stocking management. Only 35%
farmers apply mustard oil cake as well with rice bran and ground nut oil cake and 11.67% farmers use
floating feed as well with mixture of crushed rice, crushed snail and maize. Periodic netting on monthly
basis was done by 58.33% of the farmers apply netting as far market demand. Majority of fishermen
(61.68%) prefer partial harvesting. Regarding annual yield, majority of fishermen (71.68%) produced above
5 tonne fish/ha/yr. and the rest (21.32%) below 5 tonne fish/ha/yr.
Therefore, it is clearly revealed that the original package of practice of composite fish farming introduced
during the 1970s has immensely been modified /altered by the practitioners on field primarily based on their
own practical experiences. Some of these modifications particularly with respect to species selection and
composition, feeding and nutrition management have been proven to be beneficial in increasing
productivity.
Keywords: Composite culture, Species selection, Pre-stocking, Post stocking, Management

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Int J Env Tech Sci © April 25, 2016
www.journalijets.org
CONFERENCE ABSTRACT
Effect of differently processed taro (Colocasia
esculenta) corms on proximate composition and
digestive enzyme activity for amur common carp,
Cyprinus carpio
Arunima Deka1* and Biswajyoti Bordoloi2
1Faculty of Fishery Sciences, W.B.U.A.F.S. Kolkata-700094, West Bengal, India
2College of Fisheries, Central Agricultural University, Tripura, India
*E-mail: barunima24@gmail.com
ABS TR AC T
Taro (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott), is an abundant plant in North-East India which grows throughout the
year in the region may be utilized as a cheaper alternative energy source. However, because of the presence
of anti-nutritional factors particularly calcium oxalate in the corms of taro, it is often considered
unacceptable for direct use as human and even for animal feed. Oxalates are also known to interfere with the
bio-availability of calcium. Different processing methods including drying, soaking, boiling etc. have been
employed to reduce and/or nullify oxalate content of taro so as to improve its utility and utilization as animal
feed. In the present study, the effect of incorporation of differently processed taro corms namely, boiled
(1000C for 1 hour, T3), soaked (in tap water for 24 hour at room temperature, T5) and extruded (150-160-
1700C, T4), against unprocessed taro corms viz. sun dried at 650C (T2; UTC) were evaluated as a local
replacement of corn starch (T1; control) for Amur common carp (Cyprinus carpio) at 25% inclusion level in
iso-nitrogenous diets through studying their respective impacts on proximate composition of fish muscle and
digestive enzyme activities in a laboratory rearing experiment of 90 days in indoor circular FRP tanks
(stocking size: 2.15 g, stocking density: 9 fish m-3, feeding rate: 3-5% BW d-1 and feeding frequency two
times d-1).
The proximate composition of fish muscle showed significant variation (p<0.05) among different
treatments. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in moisture content between Treatment T5
(74.96%) and control i.e., T1 (75.03%). But both the treatments were significantly different from Treatment
T2 (78.15%). The ash value was also significantly different (p<0.05) among the treatments and the highest
value (13.04%) was obtained in Treatment T2, whereas the lowest value (11.7%) was found in Treatment
T5. Crude protein level was found highest in Treatment T5 (59.38%) and lowest in Treatment T2 (52.31%).
Similarly, the crude lipid content did not show any significant variation between Treatment T5 (8.20%) and
control i.e., T1 (8.09%) and the values are comparatively lower than Treatment T2 (10.41%). The crude
fibre contents were also significantly varied among the different treatments with highest value in Treatment
T2 (1.99%) whereas the lowest value was noticed in Treatment T5 (0.92%). Similarly, the protease activity
in treatments T1, T3, T4 and T5 were significantly different ((p<0.05) from treatment T2. The values
obtained in treatment T2 (0.109) was comparatively lower than the other treatments. The higher values were
obtained in Treatment T5 (0.121) and T1 (0.129). Furthermore, the lipase activity was also significantly
lower (p<0.05) in Treatment T2 (0.835). There was no significant difference in lipase activity in treatments
T1 (1.280), T3 (1.290), T4 (1.282) and T5 (1.291); however higher values were noticed in Treatment T5 and
T3. Consequently, the amylase activity was also significantly higher (p<0.05) in Treatment T1 (control) and
T5 (0.034 and 0.035 respectively) than Treatment T2 where lowest value (0.020) of amylase activity was
obtained. There was no significant difference for amylase activity in Treatment T3 and T4 (0.031 and 0.032,
respectively).

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Thus, processing methods were found to be effective in utilization of taro corm as a fish feed ingredient
for Amur common carp with soaking exhibiting the best performance followed by extrusion and boiling.
Keywords: Taro corm, Processing methods, Amur common carp, Proximate composition, Digestive enzyme
activity

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Int J Env Tech Sci © April 25, 2016
www.journalijets.org
CONFERENCE ABSTRACT
Implementing rainwater harvesting method: A
case study of Mukutmanipur water reservoir,
West Bengal, India
Goutam Bera1*, Nilay K. Barman2
1Department. of Geography and Environmental Management, Vidyasagar University, West Medinipur,West Bengal, PIN-721102, India
2Assistant Professor, Dept of Geography, Hijli College, nilay@csws.in
*E-mail: gmtbr0@gmail.com
ABS TR AC T
“Save Water and Save Life”. Rainwater harvesting is a suitable alternative process to combat the
water scarcity issues throughout the world, especially for north-eastern Indian plateau region as
India is a monsoonal climatic prone region, where rainfall occurs in a season (July to September)
not throughout the year. So, rain water harvesting is very essential for this region for monitoring the
cultivation, wild life ecosystem, ground water storage etc. in the dry season. Mukutmanipur water
reservoir is connected by many kind of outlet water channels. In rainy season this reservoir is
fulfilled with rain water, but due to high gradient, water cannot be preserved naturally. So, dam is
essential to stop the flow of water. There has an only one dam that is not sufficient to arrest water
and fails to reduce erosion of the entire region. As reservoir bed gradually is filled by sediment,
water holding capacity gradually decreases. Present situation shows that huge amount of plastics
has been used in and around the Mukutmanipur water reservoir by unconscious tourists who are
carelessly careless to the ecosystem of nature. That is why the leaching and infiltration process
cannot be executed properly. As a result to preserve ground water is partly or mostly stopped. In
dry season all water outlet and main reservoir become drier. Cultivation, fishing, boating etc, social
and economic activities cannot be managed properly in the dry season. So, wetland is very essential
to survive people and wild animals of that scheduled area in the dry season. Dam will be built up in
different streams throughout the region. Various water related problems can be solved in the
western part of the west Bengal by putting emphasis on participatory and organizational
management. Then it will be fruitful to utter the slogan “Jal Dharo Jal Varo”.
Keywords: Rainwater harvest, Mukutmanipur, Wildlife, Plateau region, Ground water, Reservoir

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Int J Env Tech Sci © April 25, 2016
www.journalijets.org
CONFERENCE ABSTRACT
Manure driven carbon status in a constructed
Mesocosm under simulated green house condition
Deblina Dutta1, Debajyoti Kundu1, Jatindra N. Bhakta2, Susmita Lahiri1, Bana B. Jana2*
1International Centre for Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani, Kalyani-741235, West Bengal, India
2Centre for Environmental Protection and Human Resource Development (Kalyani Shine India), B-10/289, Kalyani-741235, West Bengal, India
*E-mail: bjjana@gmail.com
ABS TR AC T
Increasingly high rate emissions of the green house gases are primarily responsible for global
warming and climate change posing serious threat to the sustainable development. Many attempts
are being made worldwide to reduce/ mitigate carbon emission by adopting smart climate resilient
agriculture. The biological carbon sequestration in the aquatic system involves trapping of
atmospheric CO2 through air-water exchange mechanism, carbon uptake by microalgae in the food
chain of fishes, transfer to next higher trophic level and sink in the bottom sediment (Fig. 1).
Fig. 1 Carbon pool in aquatic system
Input of Carbon
Output/Dynamics of Carbon
Residual Carbon

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Experiment was conducted in polyhouse that mimics the green house chamber causing raised
temperature. A mesocosm study was done using 24 circular tanks (300 l) placed within and outside
the polyhouse for a period of 100 days. All the experimental tanks were provided with 10 cm soil
and filled with ground water (pH 7.2-7.4) and allowed for establishment. The treatments were:
cattle dung (CD) + saw dust (SD) [T1], poultry droppings (PD) + saw dust (SD) [T2], vermi-
compost (VC) + saw dust (SD) [T3], mixed manure using cattle dung, poultry droppings, vermin-
compost and saw dust [T4], Iso-carbon with vermi-compost [T5] and Iso-carbon with poultry
droppings [T6]. The fish tilapia was introduced in each tank for growth and reproduction.
Samples of water and sediment were collected from each tank and analyzed for different
parameters of water (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, inorganic carbon) and soil (bulk density,
particle density, total porosity, soil total organic carbon and soil sedimentation rate) following a
standard methods.
The results revealed that the bulk density of the soil, determined in the accumulated sediment,
ranged from 0.64 g/cm3 to 0.85 g/cm3 and 0.64 g/cm3 to 0.83 g/cm3 in the treatments closed and
open system respectively. All the treatments maintained in the enclosed polyhouse showed higher
values of bulk density than their open counter parts.
The particle density of the soil ranged from 1.52 g/cm3 to 2.16 g/cm3 and 1.44 g/cm3 to 2.12
g/cm3 in the treatments closed and open system respectively. All the treatments maintained in the
enclosed polyhouse showed higher values of particle density than their open counter parts except
the treatment T2 that used poultry dropping.
Table 1 Input, output and residual carbon (C) status in the aquatic system
Treatments
Conditions
Input
Output
Residue
Manure
(Kg
C/m3)
OC
(Kg
C/m3)
WIC
(Kg
C/m3)
Avg
fish C
(Kg
C/m3)
Total
input
(Kg
C/m3)
OC
(Kg
C/m3)
WIC
(Kg
C/m3)
Avg
fish C
(Kg
C/m3)
GPP
(Kg
C/m3)
Total
output
(Kg
C/m3)
T-1
Close
1.11
13.83
0.05
0.07
15.05
25.99
0.018
0.075
0.00018
26.08
11.03
Open
1.11
15.39
0.05
0.06
16.61
23.85
0.019
0.082
0.00017
23.95
7.34
T-2
Close
1.21
10.68
0.05
0.09
12.03
29.29
0.023
0.000
0.00024
29.31
17.28
Open
1.21
11.40
0.05
0.05
12.72
27.67
0.022
0.000
0.00023
27.70
14.98
T-3
Close
1.25
7.94
0.05
0.05
9.29
31.07
0.020
0.067
0.00020
31.16
21.87
Open
1.25
14.23
0.05
0.07
15.59
29.79
0.021
0.072
0.00019
29.88
14.29
T-4
Close
1.19
13.38
0.05
0.05
14.66
38.65
0.018
0.052
0.00017
38.72
24.06
Open
1.19
9.46
0.05
0.07
10.76
31.36
0.021
0.084
0.00016
31.47
20.70
T-5
Close
1.10
17.14
0.05
0.07
18.36
33.70
0.021
0.070
0.00019
33.79
15.43
Open
1.10
12.53
0.05
0.06
13.74
28.10
0.019
0.065
0.00020
28.18
14.45
T-6
Close
1.11
18.21
0.05
0.06
19.42
27.64
0.021
0.062
0.00018
27.72
8.30
Open
1.11
15.74
0.05
0.06
16.95
26.33
0.021
0.069
0.00017
26.42
9.47

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The organic carbon content ranged from 11.52 mg C/g to 55.1 mg C/g and 16.08 mg C/g to 48.2
mg C/g in the treatments under closed and open system respectively. All the treatments maintained
in the enclosed polyhouse showed higher values of organic carbon than their open counter parts;
differences were maximum in case of isocarbon with vermicompost as basal (T5) and isocarbon
with poultry dropping as basal (T6).
The carbon budget for the constructed mesocosm calculated on the basis of input, output and
residual carbon in the system (Table 1) revealed that residual carbon in all the treatments under
closed condition was much higher than their open counterparts. This implied that soils of
aquaculture ponds have a strong potential to sequester soil C and that potentials have been
increased significantly under simulated green house conditions.
Keywords: Manure, Green house, Carbon pool, Carbon sequestration

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Int J Env Tech Sci © April 25, 2016
www.journalijets.org
CONFERENCE ABSTRACT
Integrated farming: A closed loop of continuous
waste recycling for conserving environment and
combating climate change
Bubai Bhakta1, Uttam Bhakta1, Mousumi Kundu2, Jatindra N. Bhakta3*, Bana B. Jana3,
Paritogh Ghanti4, Manoj K. Pradhan2
1Heritage Little Hearts, R. Int. Rural Human Resource Development, Purba Medinipur 721453, West Bengal, India
2Heritage Foundation, M.G. Road, Kalitala Housing, Thakurpukur, Kolkata- 700104, West Bengal, India
3International Centre for Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India
4Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya (BCKV), Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741252, India
*E-mail: lsnjbhakta@gmail.com
ABS TR AC T
Rapid industrialization, urbanization and population explosion are the major reasons for generating massive
amount of various kinds of wastes and pollutants in the modern civilization. The anthropogenic activities for
modern and luxurious life styles are greatly and significantly responsible for generating increasing rate of
hazardous pollutants containing wastes in environment day by day. These wastes and pollutants differently
contaminate and pollute the global environment. Urban and rural environments are tremendously suffering
by the pollution and contamination caused by the modernized rural agricultural and aquacultural farming as
well as other industrialization practices. Specifically, uncontrolled and indiscriminate application of various
dangerous and nonecofriendly inorganic hazardous agro and aqua chemicals such as, chemical fertilizers,
antimicrobial and antipathogenic agents, pesticides, insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, antibiotics,
hormones, enzymes, minerals, vitamins, many pharmaceutical drugs, etc. in modern farming practices is
undoubtedly intolerable to earth planet in perspective to sustainability by exerting the following impacts:
(i) global warming
(ii) climate change
(iii) earth quack and tsunami
(iv) super cyclone, alia, heavy storm
(v) draught
(vi) biodiversity loss
(vii) insufficient and unusual raining
(viii) water quality deterioration and water scarcity
(ix) contamination of water, soil and air resources
(x) loss of fertility and productivity of soil and water resources (i.e., soil and water health)
(xi) food chain contamination by bioaccumulation and biomagnification, etc.
As a consequence of environmental pollution and contamination, the human health is severely impacted
by hazardous pollutants in the following ways:
(i) food quality and quantity deterioration due to containing the high amount of hazardous and
toxic residue in food (vegetables, fruits, food grains, fish, eggs, milk, livestock products,
aquatic ecosystem soil as well as in the air)
(ii) loss of qualitative and quantitative food security
(iii) less and/or loss food production and malnutrition
(iv) dysfunction and disorder of organ systems such as, renal, pulmonary, cardiac, hepatic,
pancreatic, gastro-intestinal, neural, etc.
(v) various disease and cancer infection such as, renal, pulmonary, cardiac, hepatic, pancreatic,
gastro-intestinal, neural, etc. diseases and cancer.

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(vi) most common disease problems encountered in the present society are untimely fatal diseases
like cancer, ulcerations, skin diseases, kidney failure, cardiac problems, high blood sugar and
diabetic even in new born and school children causing unfortunate premature deaths
(vii) Average life span decrement
From the above points of view, the present investigation focused on integrated farming in order to over
come the above problems especially climate change and to achieve the economically and ecologically
sustainable development. The integrated farming system (IFS) is a process of ecofriendly recycling of
nutrients derived from different integrated subsystems of a system for sustainable production. It generally
refers to agricultural systems that integrate livestock and crop production or integrate fish and livestock and
may sometimes be known as Integrated Biosystems. The IFS works as a system of systems, i.e., it ensures
that wastes from one system become a resource for another system. In this system an inter-related set of
enterprises or operations or unites used so that the “nutrients of waste” (such as, phosphorus, nitrogen,
carbon, etc.) from one sub unit becomes an input for another sub unit of the system and thus several units
forms closed loop in a complete IFS, which avoid environmental pollution, reduces cost and improves
production and/or income (Fig. 1). Since it utilizes wastes as resources, we not only eliminate wastes but we
also ensure overall increase in productivity for the whole IFS.
The high degree of sustainability and benefit of the IFS system can be achieved by integrating large
number of component of both crop and livestock together. In recent years, therefore, it has been further
supported by the concept of an all-round 'development of agriculture, animal husbandry, fisheries, forestry
etc and other sideline farming components (Fig. 1). The crops and livestocks are the two main components
of different subsystems as follows: (1) Crop: The crop activities in the IFS consist of grain crops (corn,
sorghum, rice, beans and soybeans), vegetable crops, plantation crops (banana, coconut, areca nut, etc.), root
crops (cassava, cocoyam, sweet potato, etc.), sugarcane, tree crops (moringa, mulberry, nacedero, leucaena,
etc.) and fodder crops. The selection of most of the crops is dependent on preferences based on family
consumption, market, soil type, rainfall and type(s), animals raised, etc., whereas selection of leafy crops,
such as fodder crops are primarily depend on the integration of cattle and ruminants farming subsystems in
IFF. The leafy crops (sugarcane, roots and leaves of cassava, leaves of nacedero, mulberry, chaya, and
grasses) derived as “alternative” food from farming systems. (2) Livestock: The livestock activities in IFS
consist of poultry bird, pigs, cattle, small ruminants etc. The selection of livestock is also dependent on
preference based on family consumption, potential market, and availability of resources.
However, due to its high production benefit by recycling and using the waste resources, the IFS is
economically and environmentally sound by conserving the environment and thus maintains the functional
sustainability of environment. Furthermore, it can be concluded that integrated farming system is a effective
ecological system to combat the climate change by conserving the total environment.
Keywords: Integrated farming, recycling of wastes, Crop and livestock, high production, eco-
friendly
Fig. 1 An integrated farming system depicting the different subsystems used for recycling the wastes

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Int J Env Tech Sci © April 25, 2016
www.journalijets.org
CONFERENCE ABSTRACT
Winter breeding of tilapia induced by the
interactions of polyhouse raised temperature and
manure driven holistic environment in small
holding tanks
Bana B. Jana1,2, Debajyoti Kundu1, Deblina Dutta1, Susmita Lahiri1, Sujoy Bag1, Jatindra N.
Bhakta1,2, Santana Jana2, Ken Gnanakan3
1International Centre for Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani, Kalyani- 741235, West Bengal, India
2Centre for Environmental Protection and Human Resource Development (Kalyani Shine India), B-10/289, Kalyani – 741235, West Bengal, India
3William Carrey University, Shillong, Meghalyaay, India
ABS TR AC T
One of the major issues that has emerged from the Global Warming Summit held in Paris in December,
2015 that it is hard to stop total carbon emission, but it emphasized on climate resilient smart agriculture,
adaptation and mitigation strategies as possible solution for a sustainable development. Concurrently,
cleaner technology using renewable energy and solar energy are being projected as business partners.
It is stated that global warming has both positive and negative impacts on global annual primary
productivity. For example, there has been prediction that global increases in primary production in the range
of 0.7–8.1% from beginning of industrial revolution to 2050, but with large regional differences having
negative effects on crop production in low latitude countries, and positive or negative impacts in northern
latitudes.
The aquatic system is highly sensitive and vulnerable and would affect aquaculture production in both
direct and indirect ways. Climate change results in great loss of biodiversity that can alter the fish yield
through net primary production, reproductive output, growth, and survival of fish. .
Tilapia popularly called as aquatic chicken is the second most farmed fish in the world and has now
become an important source of low cost animal protein to the millions of poor people living in the third
world. Demand and need of tilapia has encouraged/impelled tilapia research on different dimensions such
as reproductive biology, cellular, growth and reproductive functions, reproduction control by photoperiod
manipulation , reproductive performance of female tilapia in response to different environmental conditions,
sex manipulation and culture conditions.
Temperature is a master environmental factor which affects the survival, growth, metabolic costs and
reproductive performance of aquatic animals as well as on ecosystem function regulated by the myriad of
potential critical factors. Since the fish are poikilothermous, any change in water temperature particularly the
seasonal variations of water temperature would alter the food consumption, growth, maturity and breeding
activities of tilapia. Unlike majority of cultivable carp species, tilapia is a multiple spawner and is
considered to be a potential candidate for frequent spawning in response to changes in environmental
manipulation particularly the thermal regime and food resources.
The impact of global warming has not always been negative. However, the beneficial impact of green
house effects has not been adequately explored and exploited for enhancement of fish growth of culturable
fishes and particularly the reproductive performance of multiple spawner cichlid tilapias during the winter
months when growth and maturity of fishes are retarded. In view of the promotion of organic farming in
aquaculture, the study is pertinent as it envisaged to harness the synergistic effect of green house raised
temperature and decomposition potential of manure combination for commercial farming of tropical fish
encompassing the carbon status of the culture pond in question.

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Fig. 1 Total scores of optimal values of different parameters (Σ pH + dissolved oxygen + alkalinity + total
hardness + total dissolved solids + conductivity) plotted against six different manure treatments under
simulated green house condition. Total scores were obtained by summing up of the occurrence of all the
optimal values out of 24 samples collected from each manure treatment during the study period
The purpose of the study was to examine the interacting impacts of green house gas raised temperature
and manure driven holistic environ on the reproductive success of cichlid fish tilapia reared in holding tanks.
Using identical and comparable dose, different organic manure (i) cattle manure + saw dust, (ii) poultry
dropping + saw dust, (iii) vermi-compost + saw dust (iv) mixed manure with cattle manure, poultry
droppings, vermi-compost and saw dust, (v) iso-carbonic states maintained with vermi-compost and (vi)
with poultry droppings in triplicate were broadcast in holding tanks in triplicate and maintained at ambient
temperature outside and in a modular green house during the winter. Equal number of adult male and
female tilapia were introduced per tank and reared for 90 days. Water and sediment samples were collected
and analyzed periodically for different parameters. Net increment of body weight and production of fry
were recorded at termination. About 9% enhanced survival and 44% reduced growth were attributed to
green house effects. The synergistic effects of temperature and manure driven water quality-food resource
complex appeared to be of greater significance than temperature regime alone in selecting the treatments for
congenial environment for spawning. The carbon burial rate dependent soil organic carbon was distinctly
higher due to green house effect. It is confirmed from the fact that those treatments associated with more
occurrence of congenial environment in terms of some important water quality parameters exhibited
frequent spawning compared to cattle manure and saw dust combination (T-1) placed under identical
thermal regime of the polyhouse (Fig. 1). This shows that manure driven holistic environment was of greater
significance than temperature alone in regulating the breeding frequency of multiple spawner tilapia. In
other words, absence of breeding activities in T-1 despite enhanced manure driven algal productivity serving
as food source was the consequence of inadequate conducive environment for breeding even though such
fishes had attained the advanced stages of maturity.
Keywords: Tilapia breeding, Aquatic system, Green house effects, Temperature-manure interactions

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Int J Env Tech Sci © April 25, 2016
www.journalijets.org
CONFERENCE ABSTRACT
Sub-lethal effect of spinosad and natural products
on agricultural pest population and their eco-
friendly management plan
Nithar R. Madhu1*, 2Bhanumati Sarkar2
1Department of Zoology, Acharya Prafulla Chandra College, New Barrackpur, West Bengal, India; 2Department of Botany, Acharya Prafulla Chandra
College, New Barrackpur, West Bengal, India.
*E-mail: nithar_1@yahoo.com
ABS TR AC T
In the developed world, pests are largely controlled by chemicals that are toxic to them. The vast
majority of theses pesticides are synthetic compounds, some of which are based on natural toxins,
and a few of which are synthetic versions of natural toxins. But in the developing countries like
India, at a time of rising food prices, population growth and concerns over global food security,
farmers need to use every available technology, including plant protection products to meet future
food needs and tackle the emerging challenges of climate change and resource conservation. In
various parts of West Bengal, man-made pesticides are only used when a plant’s own chemical
defenses do not work well enough. A major research interest with spinosad (11.6% / hector)
(Entrust naturalyte®, Dow Agro Sciences, Indianapolis, USA) based on bio-pesticide and anti-
feedants, especially neem and azadirachtin based products have made a relatively modest impact in
the field.
The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of spinosad against larvae and adult
insects under field conditions. In addition leaf & seeds extract of neem (Azadirachta indica) and bel
(Aegle marmelos) mixed with cow urine (neem + bel): cow urine: 9:2 ratios] were also used to
confirm protection against many agricultural pests and diseases that minimize crop lesson
agricultural field viz. Rice (Oryza sativa). This extracts exerted strong anti-feedant activity to the
insects. It was found that spinosad has low toxicity to mammals and birds, but is toxic to larvae,
adult insects and flies of various pest species, exciting their nervous symptoms and causing death
from exhaustion within 1-2 days of ingestion. Most of the field experiments, pests have affected on
their life cycle and significance results were screening from the field survey. It is also observed that
these experiments do not effect of its food production. But application of cow dung and neem cake
use as good fertilizer which provide defense to plants against pests and deal with toxicity to both
insect pests. Application of cow dung and neem cake is also help to reduce soil pest and nematodes.
Spinosad based on bio-pesticide appears to be effective by ingestion and contact and causes
excitation of the insect nervous system, leading to involuntary muscle contractions, prostration with
tremors and finally paralysis.
Therefore, this research strategy of applying the plants and its extracts with some ingredients of
natural origin may be used as natural pesticides and may be reduced the use of chemical pesticides.
Keywords: Agricultural pest, Azadirachta indica, Bio-pesticide, Spinosad

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Int J Env Tech Sci © April 25, 2016
www.journalijets.org
CONFERENCE ABSTRACT
Potential role of organic farming and food in
combating global environmental changes
ppt
Puja Das1, Susmita Sau2, Jatindra N. Bhakta3
1Heritage Little Hearts, R. Int. Rural Human Resource Development, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, India; Vidyasagar University, West Medinipur,West
Bengal, PIN-721102
2Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Vidyasagar Institute of Health, Vidyasagara University, Rangamati, Paschim Medinipur 721101
3International Centre for Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani, Kalyani- 741235, West Bengal, India
E-mail daspujamunu1993@gmail.com
ABS TR AC T
Diversified and fashionable conventional food habits are a great concern throughout the world in the modern
life style. It varies depending on the geo-climatic conditions and significantly changes from one ago-climate
regions to other regions from remote pasts. Recently, the food choices we make every day with our changing
modern and fashionable life styles have great direct and indirect impacts on the environment. From
production in agricultural lands to the plate for consumption at home, it includes several processing steps
which are tremendously posing severe environmental impacts throughout the world. Thus modern and
fashionable food habits demand the utilization of enormous amounts of energy, water, and various chemical
in its producing, processing and transporting processes. Additionally, this enlarged food processing process
produces massive amount of wastes - gases, liquid and solid wastes, are continuously injecting into the
environment. Food that comes from high on the food chain or arrives to our plate after extensive processing
tends to require more energy and releases large amount of wastes along with more green house gases
responsible for global warming. In spite of these, modern inorganic chemical based framing practice
contaminating food and food chain by means of biomagnification phenomena of hazardous pollutants
(pesticides, herbicides, insecticides, heavy metals, etc.) resulting in the development of various human
diseases and disorders even from new born baby to old age peoples. These are the common and growing
challenges in fast progress and modern world. From the above points of view, the present investigation has
attempted to draw a simple picture how does organic farming and organically produced food play important
role in combating total environmental changes compared to that of the conventional food?
Organic farming is absolutely an organic based system in which only organic materials is applied as input
resources in different phase of production for producing the organic food. It refers to a sustainable system of
farm management and food production that combines best integrated environmental approaches with a high
level of biodiversity and natural resources preservation. Organic farming is considered as environment
friendly methods, mainly due to a fundamental principle of harmonious cooperation with natures without
inorganic chemical environment. It utilizes organic fertilizers, inorganic pesticides, insecticides, herbicides,
etc. Besides, it does not recommend the application of various inorganic chemicals in its processing steps
and applies the short process of processing. Additionally, in organic farming, animal manures, green
manures, compost and a varied crop rotation are applied instead of readily soluble mineral fertilizers, which
lead to optimal soil biological activity (Fig. 1). Due to the exclusion of the use of chemical protection
products in organic farming, activation of natural mechanisms of plant defence system against diseases and
pests takes place. Natural protective substances in plants are so called secondary metabolites, which also
represent an essential element of daily human diet. Plant secondary metabolites can be divided into
compounds containing no nitrogen: phenolic acids, flavonoids and terpenoids (e.g. tetraterpenes:
carotenoids, xanthophylls), which is more important for human health and nitrogen-containing compounds

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(alkaloids, amines, non-protein amino acids, glycosides, glucosinolates). Thus, organic food minimizes the
pollution of different pollutants in all environments (soil, water and air) and is cost benefit as well as surely
human health benefit without causing the disease (Fig. 1).
In contrast, for the production of conventional foods many chemicals are employed in different steps,
agriculture and food processing that is tremendously harmful to human and environmental health. Such as –
varieties of inorganic nonbiodegradable pesticides, insecticides, herbicides, fertilizer, etc. are used in
conventional foods production and processing which greatly responsible to degrade soil, water and air as
well as directly posing severe threaten on the health of workers, farmers, and communities. However, the
applied chemical compounds do not only affect the target organisms – their residues in plants accumulate
and move along the food chain, penetrating more or less the consumer’s body. Although, it enables to
increase crop profitability, the inorganic process of food production affects the food quality and increases
the cost of end product due to having long inorganic chemical based processing process, and hence it is not
economically sustainable.
However, organic food production also helps to preserve local wildlife and biodiversity. By avoiding
toxic chemicals, using of mixed planting as a natural pest control measure and it encourages a natural
balance within the ecosystem and helps prevent domination of particular species over the others like
conventional agriculture. This type of farming for food production directly and indirectly helps to maintain
the ecosystem sustainability which can be able to fight against global warming as well as global climate
change.
Moreover, option of fresh food habituation should be one of the steps to conserve the global environment
by avoiding the intermediate food processing steps, freezing, packaging, processing, transporting, excessive
cooking, and refrigerating.
Fig. 1 Various benefits of organic farming and food for environmental conservation in order to combat the
climate change

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On account of the above, therefore, the fast and foremost option of food habit should be the replacement
of regular modernize and fashionable food by choosing and adopting organic and environmental friendly
based food habit which may optimize, and control the above problems of environmental and climate change
by reducing the hazardous problems of toxic chemicals, green house gases, etc. (Fig. 1). Thus, it can be
concluded that organic food of organic farming have potential future prospect and would play an
significantly important role in combating the climate change by minimizing environmental pollution which
is becoming more and more popular all over the world in recent years.
Keywords: Climate change, Organic farming and food, Pollution control, Environmental health,
Environmental conservation

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Int J Env Tech Sci © April 25, 2016
www.journalijets.org
CONFERENCE ABSTRACT
Organic food – Impact on health and society
Subrata Pandit1, Jatindra N. Bhakta2,3, Sukanta Rana2,3
1R. Int. Rural Human Resource Development, Purbamedinipur, West Bengal, India, Pin 71453
2International Centre for Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani, Kalyani- 741235, West Bengal, India
3Centre for Environmental Protection and Human Resource Development (Kalyani Shine India), B-10/289, Kalyani – 741235, West Bengal, India
Email:subratapandit@gmail.com
ABS TR AC T
Organic food is food that has been grown without the use of toxic chemicals, pesticides or fertilizers. The
food is as natural as can be, safer for the environment and usually tastes better too. Most importantly organic
food is healthier than nonorganic food and provides better health benefits (Fig. 1). Since organic food is not
prepared using chemical fertilizers, it does not contain any traces of these hazards chemicals and might not
affect the human body in negative ways. Hence the majority of Indian agriculture has been based on non-
organic production systems for decades. In order to understand the importance of eating organic food from
the perspective of toxic pesticide contamination, we need to look at the whole picture—from the food we
eat, farmworkers who do the valuable work of growing food, to the waterways from which we drink and the
air we breathe.
Fig 1: Benefit of organic food

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Research indicated that organic food is highly nutritious and contains higher levels of vitamins, plant
secondary metabolites and minerals like magnesium, calcium and iron. A study published in the Journal of
Agricultural Food Chemistry specifically on total phenolic content of corn and polyphenol rich fruits like
berries. Organic corn and fruits contained higher level of total phenols. polyphenols are important for plant
health (defense against insects and diseases), and human health for their potent antioxidant activity. In
organic cultivation pesticides are strictly restrict. So plants need to produce more polyphenol for its host
defense and growth. Antioxidant has great impact on human health in preventive cure to wide range of
pharmacological activity like anticancer, cardioprotective, immune booster, stress management and anti-
inflammatory activity. A study published by The Organic Center, Washington D.C. reveals that organic food
is higher in certain key areas such as total antioxidant capacity, total polyphenols, and two key flavonoids,
quercetin and kaempferol, all of which are nutritionally significant.
Some foods tend to have lower pesticide residues either because fewer pesticides are used in their
production or because they have thicker skins and, when peeled, contain smaller amounts of pesticides than
more thin-skinned products. Even though pesticides are present in food at very small trace levels, their
negative impact on health is well documented. Newcastle University, UK, studied two identical farms side
by side, one of which used conventional farming practices, the other used organic methods during 4 years
and scrutinized by 33 academic centres across Europe. Study concluded that organically produce foods had
higher levels of nutrients. There is also no doubt that eating organic food reduces your exposure to
pesticides. According to a 10-year study conducted by the University of California, U.S., organically
cultivated tomatoes showed an excessive formation of antioxidants, such as quercetin (79% higher) and
kaempferol (97% higher) than chemically cultivated. These studies have increased the hopes of numerous
people who strongly believe that mankind should stop using chemical fertilizers and pesticides and shift to
more sustainable organic farming practices. Recent research suggests that choosing organic food can lead to
increased intake of nutritionally desirable antioxidants and reduced exposure to toxic heavy metals.
Scientific investigations have revealed that dairy products from organically raised animals are healthier
than conventionally produced dairy products. In one study, the content of the healthy Omega-3 fatty acids
and antioxidants were significantly higher in organically produced milk. Animals raised organically are not
given antibiotics and are required to be grazed on organically managed pastureland or fed organically grown
feed. Organic dairy products and poultry can feed us and keep us healthy without producing the toxic effects
of chemical.
The population groups most affected by pesticide use are farmworkers and their families. These people
live in communities near the application of toxic pesticides, where pesticides drift and water contaminations
are common. Farmworkers, both pesticide applicators and fieldworkers who tend to and harvest the crops,
come into frequent contact with pesticides. Organic agriculture does not utilize these toxic chemicals and
thus eliminates this enormous health hazard to workers, their families, and their communities. Children
living in areas with high pesticide use are at great risk of health effects because of their high susceptibility to
pesticides. Pesticide exposure for pregnant women working in the fields can have devastating effects on
their babies. As harmful chemicals are not used in organic farming, there is minimal soil, air and water
pollution; thus ensuring a safer and healthier world for future generations to live in. Collectively, the
evidence supports the hypothesis that organically grown crops are significantly different in terms of food
safety, nutritional content and nutritional value from those produced by non-organic farming. A shift to
organic agriculture is the only way to eliminate toxic pesticide exposure for everyone.
Vegetables we eat today are nowhere near as nutritious and delicious as they were 50 or even 20 years
ago. Producers tend to take shortcuts when growing food. If eating highly nutritious food is important to
you, looking into organic foods is something worth considering. Surely food that has been grown as it was
intended to and that contains no added toxic chemicals has to be considerably healthier for us. Logically if
we want better health, wealth, society and safe environment we need to move towards organic farming in
this hour.
Keywords: Organic food, Health, Nutrition, Immune system, Pesticide, Environment

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Int J Env Tech Sci © April 25, 2016
www.journalijets.org
CONFERENCE ABSTRACT
Potentials of water chest nut Trapa as agent for
reducing global warming and promoting rural
economy
Sourav Nandi1, Pradyut Ghosh1, Susmita Lahiri1, Sujoy Bag1, Jayanta K. Biswas1, Santana
Jana2, Jatinrda N. Bhakta1, Bana B. Jana1,2
1International Centre for Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani, Kalyani- 741235, West Bengal,India
2Centre for Environmental Protection & Human Resource Development (KSI), Kalyani- 741235, West Bengal, India
ABS TR AC T
Increasing concerns about global warming and emission of greenhouse gases has necessitated efficient
method of carbon sequestration. It is fact that it is hardly possible to stop the global warming, but adaptive
strategies may be adopted to sequester carbon from the atmosphere. Climate resilient smart agriculture has
been recommended as a part of the solution of the problem. The idea of biological sequestering by taking
advantage of the photosynthetic machinery of the plants and algae has been a novel method to cope up with
the situation. Water chest nut (Trapa) is an economically important macrophyte that grows well in wetlands
and fetches a good market. Therefore, cultivation of Trapa in wetlands is a useful adaptive strategy that
integrates sequestration of carbon and economic development of the farmers. Hence, the Trapa culture
would enable to reduce the global warming and promote economic driven activities. Because of the
potentials of water chest nut for biological carbon sequestration, attempts were made to develop an
optimized condition for the growth of water chest nut Trapa in outdoor tanks
Fig. 1 CNP ratio amendment trial for enhancing CO2 sequestration by increased biomass production of
Trapa (water chest nut). Arrow represents the maximum growth of Trapa in the CNP ratio of 101: 8:1

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Growth trials of water chest nut Trapa conducted in outdoor tanks with different CNP ratios of mixed
(organic and inorganic) fertilizer (25:02:01; 101:08:01; 290:01:01) at a fixed dose of 0.2 kg/ 300 l at
biweekly intervals showed the highest growth of Trapa in the treatment with CNP ratio of 101:8:1 (No.
of plants - 39 ) followed by the treatment with 290: 01:1 (No. of pants- 8) and 25:02;1 (No. of plants -6).
This implied that this mixed fertilizer would be an effective manure combination for commercial production
of Trapa in the fields which, otherwise, would be a profitable proposition to make wise use of vast number
of wetlands and ditches for production of chest nut which will be able to perform as good CO2 sequester in
water bodies (Fig. 1).
In order to select the optimal dose of fertilizer, growth trial of Trapa was conducted in outdoor tanks
using 100 g, 200 g, 400 g, 600 g of mixed fertilizer with a CNP ratio of 101: 08.:01 per tank. The results
revealed the best growth and biomass of Trapa at 200 g fertilizer dose than others.
The total carbon content of Trapa cultivated in commercial fields of Nadia (Fig. 2) district showed
variation of carbon from 0.11 to 1.68 g/kg in root, 0.45 to 3.24 g/kg in leaves and 1.34 to 2.19 g/kg in fruits.
The results demonstrated higher level of carbon in leaves than in root and fruits. Hence, biomass of Trapa is
capable of trapping good amount of carbon from the atmosphere.
Keywords: Trapa, Carbon sequestration, Rural Economy, Cultivation
Fig. 2 Commercially cultivated Trapa field

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Int J Env Tech Sci © April 25, 2016
www.journalijets.org
CONFERENCE ABSTRACT
Impacts of climate change in fish reproduction
Sourav Dhaba*, T.K.Ghosh
Student, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, WBUAFS, 5-Budherhat Road, Panchasayar, Kolkata-94
*E-mail: Email: souravdhabal@gmail.com, ghoshtapas61@gmail.com
ABS TR AC T
It is well known that temperature is an important factor which strongly influences the reproductive cycle in
fish viz. gamete developmentand maturation, ovulation and spermiation, spawning, embryogenesis and
hatching, larval and juvenile development and survival. Temperature also influences the sex of fish, which
may have an effect on population dynamics.
Temperature, along with rainfall and photoperiod, stimulate the endocrine glands of fishes which help in
the maturation of the gonads. In India, the inland aquaculture is centred on the Indian major carps,
Catlacatla, Labeorohita and Cirrhinusmrigala and their spawning occurs during the monsoon (June-July)
and extends till September. In recent years the phenomenon of IMC maturing and spawning as early as
March is observed, making it possible to breed them twice a year. Thus, there is an extended breeding
activity as compared to a couple of decades ago, which appears to be a positive impact of the climate change
regime.
But in recent years, negative impact of climate change is showing perceptible changes in the Indian
subcontinent, where the average temperature is on the rise over the last few decades. In India, observed
climate changes include an increase in air temperature, regional monsoon variation, frequent droughts and
regional increase in severe storm incidences in coastal states and Himalayan glacier recession. The average
rainfall has decreased and monsoon is also delayed; consequently, the climate change impact is being felt on
the temperature of the inland water bodies and on the breeding ground as well as the behaviour of fishes.
Some fish respond well to high temperatures, as these temperatures can shorten incubation time, increase
growth rates and improve swimming ability in juvenile fish. Slight increases in temperature may be
beneficial to some fish species as this can shorten incubation time, increase growth rates and improve
swimming ability in juveniles. However these benefits are limited to relatively minor temperature increase.
Wide fluctuation of water temperature not only causes depletion of dissolved oxygen, creates stressful
condition for aquatic organisms including fish. Existence of long-term stressful situationeffects heavily on
reproductive physiology of fish. As a result, fish spends more energy to overcome such stressful situation
which impact negatively onphysical and gonadal growth. Average incubation period of IMC at 24-26oC is
14 – 16 hours but at higher temperature it requires less time and leads to physical deformity of hatchlings.
Moreover, higher temperature influences more fecundity having less yolk content in eggsand reduces
motility of sperm. Sharp decrease of fertility was observed in higher temperature.Early hatch outhatchlings
with less yolk content absorbstored yolk before formation of mouth parts and development of digestive
system which leads to mass mortality of spawn.
Another climatic phenomenon that is Ocean acidification, which is a change in ocean chemistry,is also
likely to impact fish reproductive processes. Fish eggs are more sensitive to pH changes than fish adults, and
thus the population numbers may dwindle if this impact is significant.Ocean Acidification has also been
shown to reduce the ability of fish larvae to find suitable habitat and find their way home.

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Because of increased sea level,much of the coast line has been inundated with water, resulting in major
changes to mangrove and sea grass beds. These habitats provide protection and food resources for juvenile
fish.
The global climate change is associated with the anthropogenic activities. Indiscriminate destruction of
forest, creation of concrete jungle, uncontrolled carbon emission, polluting air, water and soil worsening the
situation day by day. If not checked immediately, healthy aquatic ecosystem will turn into a diseased and
handicapped ecosystem.
Keywords: Climate change, Photoperiod, Temperature, Anthropogenic Activity, Fish reproduction
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