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Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) leafminers new to Iran, including Tischeria caucasica on Quercus: a sibling species of T. ekebladella or a case of clinal variation?

Authors:
Helen Alipanah at Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection
Helen Alipanah
Erik J Van Nieukerken at Naturalis Biodiversity Center
Erik J Van Nieukerken
Samira Farahani
Samira Farahani
Samira Farahani
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Jarosław Buszko at Nicolaus Copernicus University
Jarosław Buszko
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Abstract and Figures

We record three Tischeriidae species new for Iran: Coptotriche gaunacella (Duponchel, 1843) from Tehran and Mazandaran provinces, Tischeria dodonaea Stainton, 1858 from East Azarbaijan province and T. caucasica Klasiński & Stonis, 2020, previously only known from Georgia. The larvae of T. caucasica were observed mining the leaves of planted trees of Quercus infectoria G. Olivier, Q. robur Linnaeus and Q. libani G. Olivier in Peykan Shahr, Tehran province; and on native trees of Q. castaneifolia C.A.Mey. and Q. macranthera Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ex Hohen. in East Azarbaijan, Gilan and Mazandaran provinces. This species was very abundant on planted oaks in Peykan Shahr, Tehran and the infestation increased progressively in the second generation of the moth in November and December. Tischeria caucasica is very similar to European T. ekebladella (Bjerkander, 1795) in external appearance and biology, both sharing the same DNA barcode. The only diagnostic character, in the male genitalia, are the spiny appendages of the juxta. We provide a brief diagnosis and describe the larvae, leafmines and pupae for the first time. We discuss whether the observed difference in the male genitalia supports separate specific status, or is the result of clinal variation of a single species.
Tischeria spp. adults, dorsal view. A.T. caucasica, male, Tehran (Peykan Shahr); B.T. caucasica, female, Tehran (Peykan Shahr); C.T. ekebladella, male, France; D.T. ekebladoides, male, paratype, Spain (Andalusia); E–G. Right wings of T. caucasica, male (E), T. ekebladella, male, Netherlands (Limburg) (F)and T. ekebladella, male, Belgium (Namur) (G).
Tischeria spp. adults, dorsal view. A.T. caucasica, male, Tehran (Peykan Shahr); B.T. caucasica, female, Tehran (Peykan Shahr); C.T. ekebladella, male, France; D.T. ekebladoides, male, paratype, Spain (Andalusia); E–G. Right wings of T. caucasica, male (E), T. ekebladella, male, Netherlands (Limburg) (F)and T. ekebladella, male, Belgium (Namur) (G).
… 
Male genitalia of Tischeria spp. A‒F.T. caucasica (Tehran, Peykan Shahr): phallus in situ (A) (genitalia slide HA-2627, HMIM), phallus removed (B, D) (genitalia slides HA-2378, HA-2628, HMIM) (in figure D one of the shortest appendages of juxta has been bent backward during slide preparation and makes it look much shorter than the other one), phallus (C) (genitalia slide HA-2378, HMIM), juxta (E, F) (genitalia slides HA-2626, HA-2625, HMIM); G, H.T. ekebladella (Netherlands): phallus in situ (G), phallus and juxta (H) (genitalia slide JCK752).
Male genitalia of Tischeria spp. A‒F.T. caucasica (Tehran, Peykan Shahr): phallus in situ (A) (genitalia slide HA-2627, HMIM), phallus removed (B, D) (genitalia slides HA-2378, HA-2628, HMIM) (in figure D one of the shortest appendages of juxta has been bent backward during slide preparation and makes it look much shorter than the other one), phallus (C) (genitalia slide HA-2378, HMIM), juxta (E, F) (genitalia slides HA-2626, HA-2625, HMIM); G, H.T. ekebladella (Netherlands): phallus in situ (G), phallus and juxta (H) (genitalia slide JCK752).
… 
Female genitalia of Tischeria caucasica (Tehran, Peykan Shahr). A, B. Main body in ventral view (genitalia slides HA-2376, HA-2379, HMIM); C. Detail of terminalia (genitalia slide HA-2376, HMIM); D. Detail of antrum area (genitalia slide HA-2377, HMIM).
Female genitalia of Tischeria caucasica (Tehran, Peykan Shahr). A, B. Main body in ventral view (genitalia slides HA-2376, HA-2379, HMIM); C. Detail of terminalia (genitalia slide HA-2376, HMIM); D. Detail of antrum area (genitalia slide HA-2377, HMIM).
… 
Last instar larva of Tischeria caucasica (Tehran, Peykan Shahr). A, B, D. Larva in dorsal (A, D) and ventral (B) views; C, E. Anterior part in ventral (C) and dorsal (E) views including head and thoracic segments (the upper, median and lower arrows in the left side of figure E indicate the slightly sclerotized plates at pro-, meso- and methathorax; the arrow in the right side indicates the thoracic leg which is visible from dorsal surface); F. Mandible; G. Labrum; H. Anterior part of the head in dorsal view showing antenna (arrow) and mandibles; I. Maxilla (arrow), maxillary palpi and labium.
Last instar larva of Tischeria caucasica (Tehran, Peykan Shahr). A, B, D. Larva in dorsal (A, D) and ventral (B) views; C, E. Anterior part in ventral (C) and dorsal (E) views including head and thoracic segments (the upper, median and lower arrows in the left side of figure E indicate the slightly sclerotized plates at pro-, meso- and methathorax; the arrow in the right side indicates the thoracic leg which is visible from dorsal surface); F. Mandible; G. Labrum; H. Anterior part of the head in dorsal view showing antenna (arrow) and mandibles; I. Maxilla (arrow), maxillary palpi and labium.
… 
Terga and sterna of the last larval instar of Tischeria caucasica (Tehran, Peykan Shahr). A. Prothorax (arrow indicates the slightly sclerotized plate); B. Metathorax, left half (arrows showing the bristles on dorsal and dorso-lateral sides); C. Second abdominal segment in half view (arrows indicate the bristles on medio-lateral and lateral sides); D, E. Third abdominal segment in half view (D) and median part (E) (arrows indicate arrangement of the bristles on dorsal and lateral sides); F. Ventral surface of first thoracic segment in half view showing slightly sclerotized plate (left arrow) and first thoracic leg (arrows indicate the microscopic hairs at the distal end of the leg); G. Ventral surface of the third abdominal segment showing the atrophied prolegs (arrows indicate the hairs positioned external to proleg); H. Pair of linear series of hooks in the last proleg.
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Terga and sterna of the last larval instar of Tischeria caucasica (Tehran, Peykan Shahr). A. Prothorax (arrow indicates the slightly sclerotized plate); B. Metathorax, left half (arrows showing the bristles on dorsal and dorso-lateral sides); C. Second abdominal segment in half view (arrows indicate the bristles on medio-lateral and lateral sides); D, E. Third abdominal segment in half view (D) and median part (E) (arrows indicate arrangement of the bristles on dorsal and lateral sides); F. Ventral surface of first thoracic segment in half view showing slightly sclerotized plate (left arrow) and first thoracic leg (arrows indicate the microscopic hairs at the distal end of the leg); G. Ventral surface of the third abdominal segment showing the atrophied prolegs (arrows indicate the hairs positioned external to proleg); H. Pair of linear series of hooks in the last proleg.
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Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) leafminers new to Iran, including
Tischeria caucasica on Quercus: a sibling species of
T. ekebladella or a case of clinal variation?
12
34
1 Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization
(AREEO), Tehran, Iran; alipanah@iripp.ir; halipanah@gmail.com
2 Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9557, NL-2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; nieukerken@naturalis.nl
3 Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO),
Tehran, Iran; s.farahani@rifr-ac.ir
4 DepartmentofEcologyandBiogeography,NicolausCopernicusUniversityofToruń,Lwowska1,87-100,Toruń,
Poland; buszko@umk.pl
http://zoobank.org/894ABE3B-F665-4F71-9328-4855FB8FC90F


Abstract.Coptotriche gaunacella
 Tischeria dodonaeaT.
caucasicaT. caucasica 
Quercus infectoriaQ. roburQ. libani
Q. castaneifoliaQ. mac-
ranthera      

Tischeria caucasica T.
ekebladella
-
-

Introduction

-

-




 
Alipanah et al.: Tischeriidae leafminers new to Iran
-



Tischeria-
Coptotriche
AstrotischeriaParatischeriaDishkeya
Manitischeria-
QuercusCastaneaUlmus-
Quercus. -
Tischeria
Tischeria
-

TischeriaT. caucasica
QuercusTischeria ekebladella
Tischeria
T. ekebladella
T. complanella -
T. ekebladella 
          Coptotriche angusticollella
        C. marginea   
Tischeria angusticollella
Tischeria marginea
 


-



Tischeria ekebladella-

                
 T. caucasica        

-
T. caucasicaT.ekebladella  T. caucasica .




Nota Lepi.45: 9–32 11
Material and methods

        





     
  



            
    

    -


     
-


Abbreviations
HMIM 
RMNH  
ZMUC 
DNA extraction and sequencing

-


    

Tischeria-




Alipanah et al.: Tischeriidae leafminers new to Iran12
Results
Tischeria caucasica Klasiński & Stonis, 2020
Diagnostic remarks.Tischeria caucasica T. ekebladella
       T. ekebladella
T. ekebladoides-

T. caucasica

-


   


-



  


  T. caucasica      
T. caucasicaT. ekebladel-
laT. ekebladoides     
T. caucasia  T. ekebladella T. caucasica-
T. ekebladellaT. caucasica 
T. ekebladella T. ekebladella  
T. caucasica
T. caucasicaT. ekebladella
Tischeria caucasica  T. ekebladoides    
  T. caucasica      T.ekebladoides
T. caucasicaT. ekebladoides
T. ekebladoides-
T. ekebladoidesT. caucasica
T. caucasica
-




T. caucasicaT. ekebladella-

Nota Lepi.45: 9–32 13
DNA Barcoding. T. caucasicaT. ekebladel-
laT. dodonaeaT. decidua

T. caucasicaT. ekebladellaT. ekebladoides
Figure 1.TischeriaA.T. caucasicaB.T. caucasica
C.T. ekebladella D.T. ekebladoides
E–G.  T. caucasicaET. ekebladellaF
T. ekebladellaG
Alipanah et al.: Tischeriidae leafminers new to Iran14

Tischeria ekebladella      
T. ekebladella 
T. caucasica
T. ekebladellaT. caucasica

   Tischeria siorkionla

Figure 2.  Tischeria A‒F.T. caucasica A
B, D
D
CE, F
G, H.T. ekebladellaG
H
Nota Lepi.45: 9–32 
Description of immatures. 
       
 
T. ekebladella

Figure 3. Tischeria caucasicaA, B.
   C.    
D. 
Alipanah et al.: Tischeriidae leafminers new to Iran
Figure 4.  Tischeria caucasicaA, B, D.A, D
BC, E.CE-
E

F. G.H.
I.
Nota Lepi.45: 9–32 
-

-


T. ekebladella

-
T. ekebladella


 

Thorax and abdomen.T. ekebladella


     -
             

 


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3-
 



      
-




-




-

        
-

Alipanah et al.: Tischeriidae leafminers new to Iran
Figure 5.  Tischeria caucasicaA.
B.
C.-
D, E.DE
F.

G. 
H.
Nota Lepi.45: 9–32 
-


Biology.   Quercus castaneifoliaQ. infectoriaQ. libani Q. macran-
theraQ. roburQ. robur
Q. infectoria
Q. libaniQ. libani
    
Q. petraea polycarpa 
Castanea sativa 
T. caucasica

       -
T. ekebladella






-



    


Seasonal development.  T. caucasica
  







T. caucasica
Table 1.Tisch-
eria caucasica
Larval instar n Min-Max Width (mm) Min-Max Body length (mm)
1    
211    
3    
4    
Alipanah et al.: Tischeriidae leafminers new to Iran


Brachymeria excarinata
Aprostocetus
Distribution. 

Material examined. Iran,          
  
    Quercus robur
        


Figure 6. Tischeria caucasicaA‒C.AB
CD, E.DE

Nota Lepi.45: 9–32 21
Figure 7. Tischeria caucasicaQuercus roburA.
B, C. D.     
E, F.G–I.
 J. K.


Alipanah et al.: Tischeriidae leafminers new to Iran22

Quercus macranthera
Quer-
cus macranthera
Quercus castaneifolia
            

Figure 8. Tischeria caucasicaQuercus infectoria A‒CQ.
libaniE, F
Nota Lepi.45: 9–32 23
Georgia,      -
  

T. caucasica 
Castanea sativa 
      Quercus petraea  polycarpa   
Cas-
tanea sativa
Material examined for comparison
Tischeria ekebladella (Bjerkander, 1795)

Material examined. Belgium,        
 Quercus robur
France,
     Netherlands,       -
 Netherlands,       
  Netherlands,          
Figure 9. Tischeria caucasica
Alipanah et al.: Tischeriidae leafminers new to Iran24
Netherlands,-
   Neth-
erlands,         
Netherlands, 

Distribution. 
  -
      -

         

T. caucasica.
Host plants. Castanea mollissima C. sativa, Quercus cerrisQ. dalechampii Q.
faginea Q. x hispanica Q. frainetto Q. ithaburensismacrolepis 
 Q. macranthera, Q. macrocarpa Q. petraea Q. pubescens
 Q. robur Q. robur  pedunculiora   Q. rubra  Q. serrata
.
Tischeria ekebladoides Puplesis & Diskus, 2003

Material examined. Spain,

Distribution. 
Host plants. Quercus canariensis mirbeckiiQ. suber

Other Tischeriidae from Iran
Tischeria dodonaea Stainton, 1858 New for Iran

Material examined. Iran,         Quercus macranthera  

Distribution.


         

Host plants.Castanea sativaQuercus cerrisQ. fagineaQ. x hispanicaQ. ithaburensis-
macrolepisQ. petraea Q. pubescensQ. robur Q. rubra  

Nota Lepi.45: 9–32 
Coptotriche angusticollella (Duponchel, [1843])
Material examined. Iran,  Rosa   

Distribution. 
          
         
Figure 10. Tischeria dodonaea         A,
C Coptotriche gaunacella     B, D
A, B.C, D.
Alipanah et al.: Tischeriidae leafminers new to Iran



Host plants.Rosa   R. arvensis  R. canina  R. x centifolia  R. x
damascenaR. gallicaR. indica borboniana R. luciae  
wichuraianaR.multioraR. pendulinaR. rubiginosaR. rugosa
R. sempervirensR. tomentosaR. virginiana 
 
Remark.       Rosa damascena

Stigmella
Stigmella
   Coptotriche angusticollella

Coptotriche gaunacella (Duponchel, 1843) New for Iran.

Material examined. Iran, Prunus cerasifera
Prunus cer-
asifera 
Distribution. 
          
 

Host plants.Prunus cerasifera  P. cerasus P. domestica Prunus domestica 
insititiaP. microcarpaP. persica  P. spinosa

Coptotriche marginea (Haworth, 1828)
Material examined. Iran,   Rubus  
Rubus 
Distribution. -


   
  

Nota Lepi.45: 9–32 
Figure 11.     Tischeria   
T. caucasica
Alipanah et al.: Tischeriidae leafminers new to Iran
Host plants.Rubus caesiusR. canescensR. fruticosusR.grabowskiiR. idae-
usR. laciniatusR. macrophyllusR. nemorosusR. pedunculosus
 R. plicatus    R. saxatilis R. tomentosus R. ulmifolius 

Remark.
     Tischeria 


Rubus
Discussion
Origin of the Tehran population
Tischeria caucasica 


  -
Quercus robur
T. caucasica
    



-
   
           Q. brandtii
Q. castaneifoliaQ. infectoriaQ. libaniQ. longipes  Q. macrantheraQ. petraea
Q. roburQ. canariensis Q. suberQ. ilex-

QuercusQ. roburQ. infectoriaQ. libaniT. caucasica
-



T. caucasica
     

Status of Tischeria caucasica as species
Tischeria
T. ekebladella

T. ekebladella
        
Nota Lepi.45: 9–32 
T. caucasicaT. ekebladella     




T. ekebladella-

   
-
caucasicaekebladella
-

 
   

T. caucasicaT. ekebladella

    

Ectoedemia rubivora
-
 
T. caucasica  T. ekebladella
-



Acknowledgements
   T. ekebladoides 
T. caucasica
-


T. caucasica


References
       -
            

Alipanah et al.: Tischeriidae leafminers new to Iran


        
         





Coptotriche angusticollella
       


    


-
  
      

     
          -

   



 Maniola jurtina-



Tischeria gaunacella Tischeria com-
planella          
 

-


-
-
 


     

 .

Nota Lepi.45: 9–32 31

 Tischeria         





               -
        



   Quercus 
Quercus 

-


Tischeria ekebladella
 

          Selenia tetralunaria 


Pammene luedersiana
   

 Tischeria angusti-
colella
      
Ectoedemia

      

     
 


-

-

-

Dishkeya  
   Tischeria     -

Alipanah et al.: Tischeriidae leafminers new to Iran32
            

    Manitischeria  
        Tischeria


     


Tischeria ulmella QuercusT. naraensis 

-
      
-

Coptotriche marginea 

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... The authors' observations on the leaf miner of the Agromyza genus are consistent with the studies of Alipanah et al. (2022), who, like us, note that the larva forms mines of a rather atypical shape. It first creates a linear mine moving from the edge of the leaf to its base, reaching the initial divergence of the leaf centre. ...
Elm (Ulmus) leaf miners in North-East Kazakhstan
Article
Full-text available
  • Jul 2023
Leaf miners are increasingly causing damage to plants, often causing their death. There are about 10 thousand species of leaf miners in the world. The purpose of this study is to establish the location, species diversity, as well as the degree of damage caused by leaf miners to the leaves of Ulmus L. genus trees in the Pavlodar Region. In the course of the study, a visual inspection of the affected areas was used, as well as the selection, drying of damaged foliage and, subsequently, the removal of larvae and adult insects from it, followed by their study. During the vegetation seasons in 2019–2022, in Pavlodar, Ekibastuz and Aksu cities, as well as in Zhelezinka and Koktobe villages, elm leaves were studied for the presence of leaf miners, a visual inspection of the damage locations was conducted, and samples were taken, which later became the material for growing and detailed study of insects at different development stages. The article considers phyllophagous insects mining elm leaves in the North-East of Kazakhstan (Pavlodar Region) in 2019–2022. In the course of the conducted studies on the territory of the Pavlodar Region, 8 species belonging to 5 genera were identified: Stigmella Schrank, 1802, Orchestes Illiger, 1798, Fenusa Leach, 1817, Bucculatrix Zeller, 1839 and Phyllonorycter Hubner, 1822. Leaf miners that belong to the Agromyza genus of the Agromyzidae family were also identified. All representatives are obligate leaf miners, developing at the larval stage in the mesophyll of elm leaves. Most of the leaf-mining insects are represented by Agromyza and Stigmella species. They are among the most dangerous for the biocoenosis of the Pavlodar Region. Moreover, Agromyza insects have high plasticity and may become a problem in other regions. The obtained data will help to contribute to further studies in this direction, and also show the development degree of an understudied problem: the influence of leaf miners on the nature of Kazakhstan.
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... Tischeriidae, Nepticulidae, Gracillariidae and Agromyzidae). Worldwide, no species of Tischeriidae (Kristensen and Schmidt-Rhaesa 1998, Xu et al. 2021, Alipanah et al. 2022 or Nepticulidae (Powell 1980, Kristensen and Schmidt-Rhaesa 1998, Menken et al. 2009, Doorenweerd et al. 2015 are recorded as leafminers on gymnosperms; both families occur only on angiosperms. In Gracillariidae, although most larvae are leafminers (at least during their early instars) (Eiseman 2022, Ellis 2022), no gracillariid leafminer is recorded on gymnosperms in either North America or Europe (Suppl. ...
A checklist of gymnosperm-feeding leafminers (Arthopoda, Insecta) in North America and Europe
Article
Full-text available
  • Sep 2022
The leafminers on gymnosperms receive much less attention than those on either angiosperms or ferns. Given the distinctly different leaf shape and leaf venation found in gymnosperms, they would be expected to host significantly different leafminer groups. Very few comprehensive reports on gymnosperm-feeding leafminers have been presented. Based on the well-studied fauna in North America and Europe, we compiled a list of 133 species, 30 genera and 13 families of gymnosperm-feeding leafminers. The gymnosperm-mining families (in descending order of leafminer number) included Tortricidae, Gelechiidae, Argyresthiidae, Yponomeutidae, Batrachedridae, Pyralidae, Adelidae, Agromyzidae, Blastobasidae, Bucculatricidae, Coleophoridae, Curculionidae and Noctuidae. There were 109 species, 22 genera and ten families in North America and 34 species, 19 genera and nine families in Europe. We compiled a list of 102 species and 16 genera of host plants, belonging to four families: Pinaceae, Cupressaceae, Taxaceae and Zamiaceae. There were 84 host species, 15 genera and three host families in North America and 46 host species, ten genera and three host families in Europe. Dominant gymnosperm-mining families and dominant host families were generally the same in the two continents.
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Genera of Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera): a review of the global fauna, with descriptions of new taxa
Article
Full-text available
  • Aug 2023
For the first time, genera of leaf mining Tischeriidae of the global fauna are reviewed and four new genera are described: Coptotrichoides Diškus & Stonis, gen. nov., trophically associated with Sapindaceae from Central and South America; Rytietia Diškus, Xu & Dai, gen. nov., trophically associated with Annonaceae from East and South East Asia; Pafazaria Diškus & Stonis, gen. nov., trophically associated with Fabaceae and Malvaceae from East and South East Asia; and Gnathitischeria Diškus, gen. nov., trophically associated with Malvaceae and Asteraceae from Central America. In addition to the descriptions of new genera, all previously described genera (Coptotriche Walsingham, 1890; Dishkeya Stonis, 2020; Tischeria Zeller, 1839; Manitischeria Diškus & Stonis, 2021; Neotischeria Diškus & Stonis, 2021; Paratischeria Diškus & Stonis, 2017; and Astrotischeria Puplesis & Diškus, 2003) are characterized and a pictorial identification key for all 11 genera is provided. Morphological and biological characteristics of all genera are supplemented with some molecular data. We described 12 new species: South East Asian Coptotriche sapaensis Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov.; Central American Coptotrichoides sapindoidum Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. and Tischeria neokristenseni Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov.; South East Asian Rytietia uncinata Diškus, Xu & Dai, sp. nov., East Asian R. chongyiensis Xu & Dai, sp. nov.; South East Asian Pafazaria capitata Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. and P. faboidica Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov.; Central American Neotischeria antigua Diškus & Remeikis, sp. nov. and N. subantigua Diškus & Remeikis, sp. nov.; South American Astrotischeria incae Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov.; and Central American Gnathitischeria atitlani Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. and G. arcana Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. The taxonomic rank of the East Asian subspecies Tischeria decidua siorkionla Kozlov, 1986 is elevated to species rank: T. siorkionla Kozlov (stat. nov.). The male genitalia of holotypes, paratypes, lectotypes or paralectotypes, or non-type specimens of some little-known species are examined for the first time. We provide the first morphological documentation for the following: Tischeria ceanothi lectotype and paralectotype; T. immaculata (stat. restored) paratype; Coptotrichoides deliquescens (Meyrick) lectotype and paralectotype; lectotypes of Coptotriche aenea (Frey & Boll), Astrotischeria plagifera (Meyrick), A. helianthi (Frey & Boll), and A. ephaptis (Meyrick); Coptotriche berberella (De Prins) paratype; and the first photographic documentation of Tischeria lvoskyi Kozlov holotype. Some non-type specimens deposited at NHMUK, including a few previously neglected species, are also examined and documented, including the American Astrotischeria solidagonifoliella (Clemens) and A. omissa (Braun). Nine new combinations are provided: Coptotrichoides deliquescens (Meyrick, 1915), comb. nov.; C. singularis (Stonis & Diškus) comb. nov.; C. suprafasciata (Diškus & Stonis) comb. nov., C. serjaniphaga (Remeikis & Stonis) comb. nov.; C. braziliensis (Diškus & Stonis) comb. nov.; Pafazaria jingdongensis (Xu & Dai), comb. nov.; Neotischeria explosa (Braun) comb. nov.; N. pallidipennella (Braun) comb. nov.; and Astrotischeria heteroterae (Frey & Boll) comb. nov. The synonymization of Tischeria longeciliata Frey & Boll, 1878 with Astrotischeria helianthi (Frey & Boll, 1878) is confirmed. One new species group, the Tischeria ceanothi group, is established. We also report a new distribution record of T. dodonaea Stainton from the Caucasus, Armenia. Three tables and 569 figures of adult external morphology, male and female genitalia, leaf mines, and cladograms based on molecular characters are provided.
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Diagnostics of Manitischeria gen. nov., an Old-World genus of leaf-mining Tischeriidae, composed of new species and species formerly in Tischeria Zeller
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  • Apr 2021
We describe a new genus, Manitischeria Diškus & Stonis, gen. nov., and five new species: Manitischeria selindica Stonis & Diškus, sp. nov., M. namibiensis Stonis & Diškus, sp. nov. from Africa, and M. brachiata Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., M. symbolica Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., and M. baryshnikovae Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. from South East Asia. We discuss the diagnostics of Manitischeria gen. nov. composed of these new species and others transferred from Tischeria Zeller. Species are mostly trophically associated with Malvaceae, but also Rhamnaceae and Betulaceae. We list 18 currently known species of Manitischeria gen. nov., including M. ptarmica (Meyrick), the type species, and provide 13 new combinations and the first documentation of genitalia of some, previously little-known species. New species are illustrated with photographs or drawings of the adults, genitalia, and the leaf mines when available. We briefly discuss the use of herbarium specimens to discover lepidopteran leaf mines, host plant, and distribution data.
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Exceptional diversity of Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) from a single tropical forest site in Belize, Central America
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  • Nov 2020
We report on fourteen species and four genera of Tischeriidae recorded from Las Cuevas, a single tropical forest locality in Belize, Central America. This is the highest number of species of Tischeriidae recorded from a single locality worldwide, exceeding the species and generic diversity of the entire Tischeriidae fauna of Europe and accounting for about 9% of the documented global fauna for this family. We describe and name six new species: Astrotischeria papilloma
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Dishkeya gen. nov., a New World endemic genus of leaf-mining Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera), transferred from Tischeria Zeller
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  • Sep 2020
We describe a new genus, Dishkeya Stonis, gen. nov., and a new species, Dishkeya gothica Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., discovered feeding on Gouania lupuloides (L.) Urb., Rhamnaceae. We discuss the diagnostics of Tischeria Zeller and Dishkeya gen. nov.; the latter is characterized by the absence of a juxta, the presence of a pseudognathos, and well-developed carinae of the phallus in the male genitalia. We newly combine Tischeria bifurcata Braun and Tischeria gouaniae Stonis & Diškus with Dishkeya and designate the latter species as the type species of the new genus. All species treated in the paper are illustrated with drawings or photographs of the male genitalia.
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Exotic-looking Neotropical Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) and their host plants
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  • Sep 2020
Seven new species of Tischeriidae are described from the Neotropics: Astrotischeria jociui Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. (feeding on Wissadula excelsior (Cav.) C. Presl., Malvaceae), A. atlantica Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. (feeding on Baccharis spicata (Lam.) Baill., Asteraceae), A. cornuata Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. (host plant unknown), Paratischeria guarani Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. (feeding on Elephantopus mollis Kunth, Asteraceae), P. mesoamericana Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. (feeding on Montanoa hibiscifolia Benth., Asteraceae), P. suprafasciata Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. (feeding on Allophyllus edulis (A. St.-Hil., A. Juss. & Cambess.) Hieron. ex Niederl., Sapindaceae), and P. braziliensis Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. (host plant unknown). Additionally, an updated distribution map of Paratischeria neotropicana (Diškus & Stonis, 2015), which currently has the broadest distribution range among the Neotropical Tischeriidae is provided along with new host-plant data, a list of all recorded host plants in the Neotropics, and a brief discussion on trophic relationships of Tischeriidae. It is hypothesized that host-plant distribution ranges can provide clues to potential distribution ranges of these specialized, monophagous or oligophagous, leaf miners. All new taxa are illustrated with photographs of the adults, their genitalia, and, if available, leaf mines.
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Diagnostics based on the juxta morphology reveals a new species of Tischeria Zeller (Lepidoptera, Tischeriidae) from the Caucasus
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  • Mar 2020
We describe a new species, Tischeria caucasica Klasiński & Stonis, sp. nov., a trumpet moth (Tischeridae) recently discovered from Georgia, the Caucasus. We briefly discuss the diagnostics of T. caucasica, an outstanding new species possessing an extremely long and distally bifurcated juxta. The new species is illustrated with photographs of the adults, male and female genitalia, and the type locality.
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First record of Coptotriche angusticollella (Duponchel, 1843) (Lepidoptera: Tischeriidae) on the oil-bearing rose in Turkey
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  • Jul 2018
Coptotriche spp. are known to cause damage on plants of Rosaceae and Fagaceae. Coptotriche angusticollella (Duponchel, 1843) (Lepidoptera: Tischeriidae) was recorded for the first time infesting the oil-bearing rose, Rosa damascena, at the last half of May 2017 in Isparta, Turkey. It should not be ignored that C. angusticollella can be a potential risk posed to the oil-bearing rose crop.
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Discovery of Ulmaceae-feeding Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera, Tischerioidea), Tischeria ulmella sp. nov., and the first report of the Quercus-feeding T. naraensis Sato in China
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  • Mar 2018
We provide the first report of Tischeriidae on Ulmaceae, a novel host-plant family, and describe Tischeria ulmella Xu & Dai, sp. nov., a new species discovered in the Yellow River Scenic Area of Zhengzhou (Henan Province, China), feeding on Ulmus pumila L. We also provide a redescription of the Quercus-feeding Tischeria naraensis Sato discovered in China for the first time. Both species are illustrated with photographs of the adults, male and female genitalia, and the leaf mines.
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Phylogeny, classification and divergence times of pygmy leaf-mining moths (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae): The earliest lepidopteran radiation on Angiosperms?
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  • Oct 2016
Nepticulidae represent one of the early diverging Lepidoptera lineages, and the family currently comprises over 850 described species. The larvae of the vast majority of the species are leaf miners on Angiosperms and highly monophagous, which has led to persistent ideas on coevolution with their plant hosts. We present here a molecular phylogeny based on eight gene fragments from 355 species, representing 20 out of 22 extant Nepticulidae genera. Using two fossil calibration points, we performed molecular dating to place the origin of the family in the Early Cretaceous, before the main Angiosperm diversification. Based on our results we propose a new classification, abandoning all ranks between family and genus, as well as subgenera to allow for a stable classification. The position of Enteucha Meyrick within Nepticulidae remains somewhat ambiguous, and the species-rich cosmopolitan genus Stigmella Schrank, with nearly half of all described Nepticulidae, requires further study. Ectoedemia Busck, Zimmermannia Hering, Acalyptris Meyrick, Etainia Beirne, Parafomoria Borkowski, Muhabbetana Koçak & Kemal and Fomoria Beirne appear to have diversified in a relatively short evolutionary period, leading to short branches in the molecular phylogeny and unclear suprageneric relations. Otherwise support values throughout the phylogeny are mostly high and the species groups, genera and higher clades are discussed in respect of their supporting morphological and life-history characters. Wing venation characters are confirmed to be mostly reliable and relevant for Nepticulidae classification, but some other previously used characters require reinterpretation. The species groups of most genera are recovered, but only partly so in the large genus Stigmella. The molecular dating results are compared with existing knowledge on the timing of the Angiosperm radiation and reveal that the diversification of Nepticulidae could largely have been contemporaneous with their hosts, although some of the genera restricted to a single plant family appear to have begun to diversify before their hosts.
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