Phonological and Morphological Variations between Lasi and Standard Sindhi

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Horizon J. Hum. & Soc. Sci. 3 (2): 181 – 194 (2021)
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Phonological and Morphological Variations between Lasi
and Standard Sindhi
Muhammad Amin1 and Zahid Ali2,*
1,2Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Pakistan
ARTICLE INFO
Article history
:


:  
*Corresponding Author
Zahid Ali

Co-Author (s)

 Muhammad Amin and Zahid Ali


Hor J. Hum. & Soc . Sci. Res.

.


a language. It is the language through which human being
communicate and convey their message to others. Thus,
         -
  
     
       
          
  

 -

was developed to study language in this era. There are
      
         
        -
      
Standard Sindhi. Sindhi is an Indo-Aryan language with its

       


ABSTRACT
   
    -
            
           
    
Sindhi (Baloch, 2008). Historically, the Sindhi language has adopted words


     
         

          

     


             

        -
           
          
-



ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Muhammad Amin and Zahid Ali
 
        
        -
    

          
      
 
-


        
       
-
         

     
not available in the Sindhi poetry (Baloch, 2008).

and to compare and contrast between Standard Sindhi
          -
         
Balochistan (as shown in the above map) to understand

     

       
understand each other’s dialect.
          -


a single geographic area speaks in the same way in every
        -
  
     
  -
wanji to” (I go to
          
wanja
           
     
   
        -
 
   
-
     
       -
-
        

geographical areas communicate with each other in their
      
        
    
    
        
        
        
       
     
        
i.e., Hyderabad, Jamshoro. Thareli is spoken in Thar i.e.,
       
          
    

       
    
      
   


       
     
      
 
-
           
 
      


         -
        
          
    

Phonological Variaons between Lasi and Sindhi
  
language. He describes that Sindhi words are divided into
two categories, primary and secondary. Primary words
        
 
hh-
     
    
 
    
~      
  

-
-

    
     
        -
        
        
        -
        -
     

such as Perso-Arabic, Hindi and Sanskrit phonology, and
        
       
    

           
        
       

         
         

     -
        
     

all aspects brought change and Sindhi became dominant

           


 
    
     

   
     

         

-
-
     




 
-


-

      -
        
  
          

       

      
      
       -
mally carried on in languages. While changing pronun-
       

-

        
-

        
researchers. Among them Captain George Stack and
       
        
          -





The author stated that Sindhi is a morphologically rich

Muhammad Amin and Zahid Ali
 
Inseron/Epenthesis

in some languages a consonant, is inserted to break clus-

       
language. Many languages do prothesis, they insert a vowel
       
       
           
-


    
-
      

a labial consonant. Burmese is language that has a CV sylla-


 
         

       school becomes
iskool staon
Deleon

          
        
those languages do delete phonemes in words which
     -
       
        -
  
         
word is called Aphaeresis, e.g. word knowledge
-
          

 secretary the inter-con-
        
    
restaurant 

Substuon
        
   
-

       
   
        
the two processes are involved simultaneously in a single

       -
   
        
       


      
        
       
     
bar’  ‘bahar’
aspirated consonant changes into unaspirated like ‘budo’
 ‘budho’    ‘tho’ changes into ‘to’
‘chha’
produced as ‘chho       
chho’ 
    
-
     
       -
       -
 

    
        
       


Standard Sindhi Lasi English
Aaon likhan tho Aan likhan to I write
Ho likhy thi  She writes
 Ho likhan ta They write
Ason likhon tha Aseen likhon ta We write
       

     ‘tho’ changes and pro-
to’ 
          
the morpheme s, es
         

Phonological Process
-
          


Phonological Variaons between Lasi and Sindhi
  
Vowel in an unstressed syllable becomes weaker in the
 

-
    
in which a vowel on the syllable margin becomes weaker
    
vowel.
i. /fu/ [fyt]
ii. /ko/ [ok]
Perceptual metathesis takes place in cases where some
-

      
    
        
       
      
   
happens perceptual metathesis.
         
        

  
  
       
       

         


        
        
        
     
         
some cases.
       

 Stem  
I.   
II.   
III.    
IV   


-
        
 -
           -

 
         -



        
   leuce  soap   task

        



Metathesis
Metathesis is another phonological process in which a
phoneme or a segment changes its place with the pho-


a word. In this process, a XY cluster changes into YX clus-
ter. Among other phonological processes, metathesis is

    

        
-

   
-
      
        

       
       

-
   
-
     

• Compensatory Metathesis
• Perceptual Metathesis
• 
• Auditory Metathesis
  -


Muhammad Amin and Zahid Ali
 
         
     
       
    -


     
 

This research is based on primary and secondary data.
        
         
     -

-

      
       

      
         
  -
 -

        
      
sources have also been used.
   

          
      
      
        -
        
 
male and selected through convenience sampling tech-
         
-


         
        
available and also they cooperated very well when we
need them without any trouble.
The collected data were analyzed by applying morpholog-
ical and phonological processes. Sindhi is taken as a stan-
   

          
     
Based on the above stated background and literature, the
-


        

      


       
         
      
        -
     -
 
     
  
 
  -
      

        
        
    
no other suitable research design which can help us to
        
      
        
       
   
    -
         -

   
     
Sindhi. To accomplish this study, the researchers applied
   -
   
the relevant speakers.

        -
        
   -
-
      

Phonological Variaons between Lasi and Sindhi
  
Phonological variaon
Vowel Raising
      
      -
        





         

-
       
their low vowel
/h/ Inseron in Adverbs of Place
         

    
    


-


Addion of /r/ or /l/
      
          
were also recorded in the current study. The recordings
  
        -
        
 -
        -
        
        
   


        



      -
       -
     
      -

       
       
    -
      
    
     




       
       
      -
      
which are phonologically and morphologically produced
  -
    -
nounce the words given in the pictures (as images). The

    
by one.
Data Analysis
      -
      -
lects. The presented data are discussed and analyzed
      -
ences between the two dialects are also phonologically

Table 1: 
Lasi 

Sindhi 

English
Cho  Cha  What
    Where
 t  t Your
  Asan  We
    You
Jinawar  Janwar  Animal
Table 2:

Lasi 

Sindhi 

English
Hothy hote uteThere
Huwa Huwa   That
Hunam    Into that
Heday  Eday  Here

Muhammad Amin and Zahid Ali
 
Conversion of /v/ sound into /ɓ/ and /b/
        
  
   


     

Deleon of /t/ sound
 
        
 
     
          

        
  
shown in Table 6.
-

Conversion of /ch/ into /th/ sound
  -
         
         
-

sound.
Variaon of Vowel sound [a] to [o]

       

          


           

       -
          
central vowels.
Loss of Breathy Voicing
The literature shows that Sindhi and Hindi have retained
  
  
         
         
       
        

    
         

Table 3:
Lasi 

Sindhi 

English
Amma Amma Ammar  
    Respec ted

Wato watoWatal wat al Bought
Bela  Belar  Winding up

    Thirsty
 kh  khutal Incomplete
Wand Wand Wandkai wan dkai 
 khado khadal Eaten
Wanch  Wanchro  Storm
Table 4:
voicing
Lasi 

Sindhi 

English
Ba Ba Bha bhaBrother
Gar   ghər House
Bar   bhər 
Bag  Bhag bhag 
Got Got Ghot ghot Bride
Balo  Bhalo bh Nice
Table 5:

Lasi 

Sindhi 

English
Beh  Veh Veh Sit
Bebas Bebas Bevas Bevas Helpless
Basam  Vasa mein vas men In hand
Bi  Beehu  Stand
Table 6:
Lasi 

Sindhi 

English
Puthyan puth̃Pohyan Pohya ̃Behind
 kthaõ  ̃Slaughter
̃lathao ̃ ̃̃
 khɅto  kh Restless

Phonological Variaons between Lasi and Sindhi
  
words shows that the same words in Sanskirit were pro-
 
         -
duced with long vowel, whereas in Sindhi vowel is short-

        
          


Nasalizaon
         
     
      -

      

         
-

Table 7: 

Lasi 

Sindhi 

English
   hStand
   uth To awake
Ponchal  Pothal Potal High caliber man
        
     -
         
           
Sindhi.

      
      
   
  

     

Palatalizaon
      
        
      
       
         -

      

Variaon in Vowel Length

  


Table 8: 

Lasi 

Sindhi 

English
Achan  Acho  Coming
Ase  Asan  We
Ada adaAdo adoBrother
 Baba  Babo 
    
Nana Nana Nano Nano 
Table 9: 
Lasi 

Sindhi 

English
Jyaniwani   ʄ  Consciously
Chyum   ʧ Talked
Wyo    Gone
 ʲaɳ   To g iv e
    Which
Table 10:
length
Lasi 

Sindhi 

English
Soomaar  Somar Somar Monday
Gon  Gao  Cow
Achaar  Achar  Sunday
    Height
    To thr ow
Saabun  Sabn  Soap
    Enthusiasm, zeal
Table 11: 
Lasi 

Sindhi 

English
    
Wancha wanʧaWa cha waʧa A dust storm
    
Sangar Sangar Sagar Sagar 

Muhammad Amin and Zahid Ali
 
    

           -
      

Metathesis
        
 
 

         

         
        

     
 

Morphological Variaon
There are several morphological changes which occurred
    
       

Substuon
       


  


Inseron
       
         



Deleon
 
  

      


      -
       

Table 12: 
Lasi 

Sindhi 

English
Chai  Chan  Shade
 a   Yet
    Compel
Chand-lath ʧan ɗ lathInd-lath inɗ lathRainbow
Zanzeer    Chain
Pas    See
Chhirio ʧhrjo Chhito ʧh i t̪oMad dog
  Patanr  To p lu ck
Wiyo  Wayo  Gone
    Yalk, bull
    Banana
Table 13:
Lasi 

Sindhi 

English
    Slap
Chand-lath ʧan ɗ lathInd-lath inɗ lathRainbow
Barkhat barkhat Barkat Barkat 
blessing
Apakey Apake Apak Apak Accidently
Barker  Bakar  Cry loudly
Table 14: 
Lasi 

Sindhi 

English
Than thã Thanwa thwã 
Nar Nar Nehar Nehar 
Yanro   Wyanro   Pillow
    Which
Beshabeshi  Besabesi Besabesi Argument
Jagro    
Jaga  Ja  Place
    Helpless
    Crow
Jaga ʤaɠaJaai  Place
Table 15:
Lasi 

Sindhi 

English
gowanr    To c lean
Budho  Porho  Aged
Chand-lath ʧan ɗ lathInd-lath inɗ lathRainbow
Ago Ago   
Teski Te sk i Tek si Tek si  
    

Phonological Variaons between Lasi and Sindhi
  

Sindhi.

      
        
       
      
      -
   
6000 languages that are spoken throughout the globe
currently.
    
       -
     -

      
       

 
          
        
        


     

in both dialects. In the previous chapter, the researchers
   

       
-
      
     
     
       

being a standard language has a very strong root, but
    
changes, Sindhi also did this on several occasions, and it
is proved in the previous chapter while analyzing the data
Lexical Variaon



        

     


Suxes “a” and “na” for negaon
   -

 -
          

         
         
     


Table 16: -

Lasi Sindhi English
  Near
Gata Ganra 
Chapal Padar Shoes
Waando Welo 
  Te ar s
  To take bath
Jero Baahi 
Mutko Pathro Stone
Ganra  How m uc h?
Tipo  
  Tall
Sang  Banana branch
 Sik To miss or remember
Sutho Changu Nice
Baas  Bad smell
Phooshi Bili Cat
Pooi  Bathroom
Chul Radanro 
Boondo  To c urse
Gadd Much Tog et her
Baro Bukhar 
 Patanr To p lu ck
Table 17: 

Lasi 

Sindhi 

English
Nibago  Abago  
Bedango  Adango  

Muhammad Amin and Zahid Ali
 



This study can be concluded with the comments that
-
   

its dialects. In this study, the researchers observed many
      
these two languages. The researchers showed (by
         
     
 
-
-
    

processes occurred between these two dialects are
-


-
logical processes occurred between these two dialects
      

          




All authors have read and approved the manuscript and
  -


We wish to convey our thanks to the reviewers and edi-
     


        
      Lingua, 116

     
Turner (2000). We have discussed work in detail in the


          
high vowels in some words which have low central vow-
           
In this study, it is generalized that Sindhi has retained
         
     
  

      
      
  

       
  


          
    
      
-
       
       
and metathesis is also observed in both dialects. The
  

       


        
        
         
Standard Sindhi.
      
  
    
        


       


       

         

Phonological Variaons between Lasi and Sindhi
  
  
Study. Sindhi Boli Tahqeeqi Journal, 3
Metrical Structure and Parallelism, Opmality
theory     

         
        
design. University of Sussex, 
 
        
India, 
    The Indo Aryan Languages. 

   Evoluon of wring Grammar in Sindhi.

    Sindhi morphology and noun inec-
ons        

   Linguiscs for beginners, Basic concepts.


      
Internaonal Journal of English and Educaon
Phonology: Theory and descripon. (Vol. 9).

A Comparave Diconary of the Indo Aryan
Languages
       
Lingua, 116
   The Study of Language  

         
     
       
 Internaonal Journal of Applied Linguiscs and
English Literature, 4
          
       
Sindhi. Language & Communicaon, 2
      
      -
or y. Pazhuhesh-e Zabanha-ye Khareji Journal
Morphosemanc and syntacc analysis of verbs in
Sindhi
    Sindhi bolijilisani geography 

       -
    .     

  


Baloch, N.B. (2008). Belanja Boal  

     
Lingua
           An
Akkadian grammar: a translaon of Riemschneider’s
Lehrbuch des Akkadischen   . 

Cole, J. (2006). Sindhi Encyclopedia of Language & Linguiscs.

   Qualitave Inquiry & Research Design:
Choosing among Five Approachesrd

        
in Cayuga words. Internaonal Journal of American
Linguiscs
    Linguiscs survey of India. Vol- 8 (part
1) Indo-Aryan family north western group. Specimens of
Sindhi and Lahnda language
      
      ÉgypteMonde Arabe,
     

Principles of historical linguiscs
Mouton de Gruyter.
      
 
(Eds.) Surface Syllable structure and Segment Sequencing


Muhammad Amin and Zahid Ali
 
Zahid Ali is an Associate
  
  
 
Pakistan.
He received a bachelor’s
   
   
   
Malaya, Malaysia.
-

       




      
Sciences

Pakistan.
E-mail: 

Muhammad Amin was
born in Pakistan. He
received his MA and
MS English degrees
  

   

  
   
         

        




      
Sciences

Pakistan.
E-mail: 