Contribution to the Knowledge of Fungi of the Kampinos National Park (Central Poland): Part 4 – With Particular Emphasis on the Species Occurring on Windthrown Trees

Abstract

This paper presents 18 species of fungi that are new to the Kampinos National Park and their buffer zone. Seventeen of these species were found during studies on wind-damaged areas after the forest was damaged in 2017. One species new to Poland has been described and illustrated ( Odonticium septocystidiatum ). A few of the species recorded ( Ciliolarina cfr. laricina , Daldinia petriniae , Pseudovalsa umbonata , Spongipellis litschaueri ) are very rare in Poland and hitherto mentioned from single localities in the country. Two species from the Polish red list of macrofungi were recorded in the Kampinos National Park for the first time – namely, Punctularia strigosozonata (E) and Trichaptum biforme (R). The current number of macromycete taxa known from Kampinos National Park has reached a total of 1,630.

Full text

Acta Mycologica
Article ID: 5610
DOI: 10.5586/am.5610
Publication History
Received: 2020-10-02
Accepted: 2021-06-21
Published: 2021-11-09
Handling Editor
Dorota Hilszczańska; Forest
Research Institute, Poland;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-
4363-704X
Authors’ Contributions
AS: coordination of the work,
eld research, specimen
identication, writing of the
manuscript, photographic
documentation; BG: eld
research, specimen
identication, writing of the
manuscript, preparation of
drawings, photographic
documentation; TŚ: eld
research, specimen
identication, correction of the
manuscript; AK: eld research,
correction of the manuscript,
photographic documentation
Funding
This study was nanced by the
State Forests National Forest
Holding – General Directorate of
the State Forests in 2019 as part
of a project
(No EZ.0290.1.7.2019)
“Environmental changes after
windfall and evaluation of the
microsuccession of biota of
organisms inhabiting fallen
trees – Stage II.”
Competing Interests
AS and AK are associate editors
of Acta Mycologica; other
authors: no competing interests
have been declared.
Copyright Notice
© The Author(s) 2021. This is an
open access article distributed
under the terms of the Creative
Commons Attribution License,
which permits redistribution,
commercial and
noncommercial, provided that
the article is properly cited.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH PAPER in MYCOLOGY
Contribution to the Knowledge of Fungi of
the Kampinos National Park
(Central Poland): Part 4 – With Particular
Emphasis on the Species Occurring on
Windthrown Trees
Andrzej Szczepkowski
1*, Błażej Gierczyk
2,
Tomasz Ślusarczyk3, Anna Kujawa
4
1Institute of Forest Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159,
02-776 Warsaw, Poland
2Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8,
61-614 Poznań, Poland
3Naturalists’ Club, 1 Maja 22, 66-200 Świebodzin, Poland
4Institute for Agricultural and Forest Environment, Polish Academy of Sciences, Bukowska 19,
60-809 Poznań, Poland
*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: andrzej_szczepkowski@sggw.edu.pl
Abstract
is paper presents 18 species of fungi that are new to the Kampinos National
Park and their buffer zone. Seventeen of these species were found during studies
on wind-damaged areas aer the forest was damaged in 2017. One species new to
Poland has been described and illustrated (Odonticium septocystidiatum). A few of
the species recorded (Ciliolarina cfr. laricina,Daldinia petriniae,Pseudovalsa
umbonata,Spongipellis litschaueri) are very rare in Poland and hitherto mentioned
from single localities in the country. Two species from the Polish red list of
macrofungi were recorded in the Kampinos National Park for the rst time –
namely, Punctularia strigosozonata (E) and Trichaptum biforme (R). e current
number of macromycete taxa known from Kampinos National Park has reached a
total of 1,630.
Keywords
Ascomycota; Basidiomycota; fungal biota; ecological disturbance; windfall
1. Introduction
Natural disturbances (e.g., res, ooding, windstorms, and insect outbreaks),
especially large-area canopy damage, play a crucial role in forest dynamics, inter alia,
as an essential driver of biological diversity. Moreover, the success of the
demographic expansion of a wide range of species from all taxonomic groups is
strongly dependent on natural disturbances (e.g., Dobrowolska, 2010; Pickett &
White, 1985; Willig & Presley, 2018). However, knowledge about the role of
disturbances in the regeneration of forest ecosystems is still incomplete (Obidziński,
2001; Szwagrzyk, 2000; Szwagrzyk et al., 2018). e importance of disturbances for
biodiversity, including species diversity, was conrmed by studies of mycobiota in
the areas damaged by re, where many species new to Kampinos National Park
(KNP) in central Poland were found (Gierczyk et al., 2017; Gierczyk, Szczepkowski,
Kujawa, & Ślusarczyk, 2019; Gierczyk, Szczepkowski, Ślusarczyk, & Kujawa, 2019).
Studies of various groups of spore organisms (fungi, lichens, and bryophytes) on
windthrown trees have provided new data on the diversity and ecology of these
organisms in KNP (Zaniewski & Fojcik, 2020; Zaniewski et al., 2019).
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Szczepkowski et al. / Fungal Biota of Kampinos National Park: Part 4
e occurrence of strong winds in Poland has been increasing in recent decades
(Lorenc, 2012). Windstorms have caused numerous disturbances and catastrophic
destruction of managed forest stands (e.g., Chojnacka-Ożga & Ożga, 2018a; Taszarek
& Gromadzki, 2017; Zajączkowski, 1991). Disturbances of forests also occurred a
few times in KNP due to strong winds, for example, in 1964, 1972, 1980, 1993, 1994,
2004, and 2017 (Andrzejewska, 2003; Hryniewiecki, 2004; Lorenc, 2012; Lubański,
2003; Tyburski, 2015,2019; Tyburski & Przybylski, 2016). Recently, two strong
winds have damaged a few fragments of forests in the KNP at the beginning of the
summer of 2017. is windthrow incident enabled a study on postdisturbance
mycobiota of the Park, with particular emphasis on the fungi occurring on different
parts of windthrown trees. In the rst year of study (2018), 62 species of fungi were
found on 30 trees belonging to three genera (Betula pendula,Pinus sylvestris,
Quercus petreae,Q. × rosacea) (Zaniewski et al., 2019).
e aim of this paper is to present the species of fungi new to KNP found in the
areas of the windthrow during the rst two years of study (2018–2019). Additionally,
one interesting species of fungus new to the Park buffer zone has been included.
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Location and Description of Research Plots
e study was carried out on two plots located in the Rózin and Grabina Protective
Subdistricts/Forest Subdistricts (in Kampinos Protective District/Forest District)
(Figure 1). e Grabina plot is located in the partial protection area in forest
compartments No. 125a and 125c. e 84-year-old damaged stand was dominated
by Scots pine Pinus sylvestris with singly-occurring common aspen Populus tremula
and two birch species: silver birch Betula pendula and downy birch B.pubescens
(Figure 2). As a result of the windfall, a canopy gap (0.6 ha) of an almost circular
shape was created, with a completely damaged stand. e trees in the damaged pine
stand were planted on ridges and deep furrows, which are still visible today (Forest
ecosystem protection operate, 2002).
e Rózin plot is also located in the partial protection area in forest compartments
No. 258a and 258b. e damaged stand was approximately 104 years old and
comprised planted trees. e stand consisted of a 90% share of two oak taxa: sessile
oak Quercus petraea and Q. × rosacea with a 10% share of silver birch and sparse
Scots pine trees (Figure 3) (Forest ecosystem protection operate, 2002). e windfall
plot occupies an area of approximately 5 ha in the shape of an irregular and broken
streak. e stand was only partially destroyed. e examined oaks belonged to the
sessile oak species or represented hybrids of sessile oak and pedunculate oak
(Q. robur), characterized by a predominance of sessile oak traits, i.e., Q. × rosacea.
2.2. Methods
Field studies were conducted between May and October 2018 and 2019. irty
windthrown trees, with 10 trees of each species (oak, birch, and pine), were subjected
to a detailed study on windfall plots. Fungal species composition was investigated in
12 parts of each tree comprising tree pit, soil of lower side root disc, roots of lower
side root disc, soil of upper root disc, roots of upper root disc, trunk bottom (0–1 m
high), lower trunk (1 m – half of the trunk height), upper trunk (half of the trunk
height – base of the crown), thick branches of lower crown, thin branches of lower
crown, thick branches of upper crown, and thin branches of upper crown. Branches
up to approximately 7 cm in diameter were considered thin, and those higher than
this value as thick. e collected specimens were identied using standard
mycotaxonomical methods (Clemençon, 2009). Specimens were identied using the
following monographs: Daldinia (Stadler et al., 2014), Mycena,Phloeomana
(Aronsen & Læssøe, 2016), pyrenomycetes (Ellis & Ellis, 1997; Wergen, 2018),
Odonticium,Phanerochaete,Punctularia (Bernicchia & Gorión, 2010), Ganoderma,
Spongipellis, and Trichaptum (Bernicchia, 2005; Ryvarden et al., 2017; Tomšovský,
2012). e nomenclature of basidiomycetous fungi was used according to Funga
Nordica (Knudsen & Vesterholt, 2012) and the above-mentioned monographs and
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Figure 1 Localization of windthrow areas in the Kampinos National Park: 1 – Grabina; 2 – Rózin.
Figure 2 Appearance of windthrow-damaged stand in forest compartment No. 125 of the Grabina Protective Subdistrict,
the Kampinos National Park; May 8, 2018. Photography by A. Szczepkowski.
for ascomycetes according to MycoBank Database (http://www.mycobank.org/).
Plant names are according to Mirek et al. (2002). reat categories of fungal species
in Poland are according to the “Red list of the macrofungi in Poland” (RL)
(Wojewoda & Ławrynowicz, 2006). Forest compartment numbers were obtained
from the Forest Data Bank (https://www.bdl.lasy.gov.pl/). Dried specimens were
deposited in the fungarium of the Department Forest Protection of the Warsaw
University of Life Sciences – SGGW (WAML) and the private fungaria of B. Gierczyk
(BGF) and T. Ślusarczyk (TSH). Each number represents a different collection.
3. Results – List of the Species
In the course of the study, a total of 185 taxa were collected (identied to the level of
species, forms, varieties, and – in a few cases, of genera) (unpubl. data), including 18
species new to the KNP and its buffer zone, which are presented below.
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Figure 3 Appearance of windthrow-damaged stand in forest compartment No. 258 of the Rózin Protective Subdistrict, the
Kampinos National Park; July 22, 2018. Photography by A. Kujawa.
Abbreviations: AK – Anna Kujawa; ASz – Andrzej Szczepkowski; BG – Błażej
Gierczyk, TŚ – Tomasz Ślusarczyk; FD – forest district, KNP – Kampinos National
Park, LP – landscape park, NP – national park; PD – protective district; PSD –
protective sub-district; res. – nature reserve; RL – red-listed species (threat
categories: R – rare; V – vulnerable; I – indeterminate).
3.1. Ascomycota
Ciliolarina cfr. laricina (Raitv.) Svrček. Specimen examined: KNP, Łubiec,
2.5 km NW, Leszno municipality, Kampinos PD, Grabina PSD, forest compartment
No.: 125a,c; 2019-10-27; numerous ascomata on the trunk of the fallen Pinus
sylvestris; leg. & det. TŚ; TSH 509/2019. Notes: Saprobic species inhabiting twigs,
branches, bark, and wood of Larix,Pinus, and Picea. In Poland, it was reported from
Lasy Janowskie LP (Chmiel, 1997) and Wielkopolska region (Gierczyk & Ślusarczyk,
2020). Studied specimens are most similar to C. laricina except for dimensions of
spores (6–8 × 2.5–3 μm in the former in comparison to 7–11 × 2.5–3.5 μm in the
latter). Some other Ciliolarina species occurring on pine wood: C. pinicola (Henning
& Plöttner) Huhtinen (differing in colored excipular cells, apical pore not blue in
Melzer reagent, and longer as well broader spores), C. neglecta Huhtinen (differing in
short stipitate apothecia, and shorter as well narrower spores) (Huhtinen, 1993;
Raitviir, 2004).
Daldinia petriniae Y. M. Ju, J. D. Rogers & F. San Martín (Figure 4). Specimen
examined: KNP, Zaborówek, 1.5 km NNW, Leszno municipality, Kampinos PD,
Rózin PSD, forest compartment No.: 258a, b; 2018-09-10, 2019-08-31; numerous
stromata on branches of the fallen Betula pendula; leg. & det. TŚ, ASz, BG;
TŚF282/2018, WAML 1041, 1051, BGF0004280. Notes: It is a rare species, growing
on Betulaceae, mainly on Alnus and Betula. In Poland, D. petriniae has been reported
from Starożyn res. (Stadler et al., 2014) and Gorce Mts (Wojewoda et al., 2016). It has
also been collected in Las Marceliński in Poznań, BGF0004768 (Gierczyk, unpub.
data). It is probably more common and widespread but may be confused with other
Daldinia species.
Dendrostoma leiphaemia (Fr.) Senan. & K. D. Hyde. (Figure 5). Specimen
examined: KNP, Zaborówek, 1.5 km NNW, Leszno municipality, Kampinos PD,
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Figure 4 Stromata of Daldinia petriniae in the Kampinos National Park; August 31, 2019. Photography by A. Kujawa.
Figure 5 Pseudostromata of Dendrostoma leiphaemia from the Kampinos National Park; September 9, 2018. Photography by
A. Szczepkowski.
Rózin PSD, forest compartment No.: 258a, b; 2018-09-10; numerous pseudostromata
on dead twigs of the fallen Quercus petraea; leg. & det. ASz; WAML1043. Notes: It is
common species in Poland (Mułenko et al., 2008). e frequent association of
Dendrostoma spp. with Cytospora spp. may suggest weak or optional parasitism
(Jaklitsch & Voglmayr, 2019).
Diatrypella favacea (Fr.) Ces. & De Not. Specimen examined: KNP, Zaborówek,
1.5 km NNW, Leszno municipality, Kampinos PD, Rózin PSD, forest compartment
No.: 258a,b; 2018-09-10, 2019-06-01; numerous stromata on branches of the fallen
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Figure 6 Stromata of Rosellinia aquila in the Kampinos Park; August 31, 2019. Photography by A. Szczepkowski.
Betula pendula; leg. & det. TŚ; TŚF 508/2019. Notes: Saprobic species growing on
twigs and branches of various deciduous trees. ere are over 20 localities of this
species in Poland, and it seems common here (Kujawa, 2020; Mułenko et al., 2008).
Nemania serpens (Pers.) Gray. Specimen examined: KNP, Zaborówek,
1.5 km NNW, Leszno municipality, Kampinos PD, Rózin PSD, forest compartment
No.: 258a,b; 2018-09-10; numerous stromata on branches of the fallen Quercus
petraea; leg. & det. TŚ; TŚF285/2018. Notes: Saprobic species inhabiting wood of
many deciduous trees. In Poland, it is known from over 20 historical and
contemporary localities (Kujawa, 2020; Mułenko et al., 2008).
Pseudovalsa umbonata (Tul.) Sacc. Specimen examined: KNP, Zaborówek,
1.5 km NNW, Leszno municipality, Kampinos PD, Rózin PSD, forest compartment
No.: 258a,b; 2019-06-01; a dozen stromata on branches of the fallen Quercus petraea;
leg. & det. TŚ; TŚF 510/2019. Notes: It is inhabiting twigs and branches of deciduous
trees. In Poland, there are historical records from Dolny Śląsk region (Schroeter,
1908) and Białowieża Primeval Forest (Truszkowska, 1965,1976).
Rosellinia aquila (Fr.) De Not. (Figure 6). Specimen examined: KNP, Zaborówek,
1.5 km NNW, Leszno municipality, Kampinos PD, Rózin PSD, forest compartment
No.: 258a,b; 2019-06-01, 2019-08-31; numerous of stromata on branches of the fallen
Quercus petraea; leg. & det. BG, ASz; BGF0004084, WAML 1044, 1045. Notes: It is
quite common in Poland and has been reported from bark of various trees.
Mentioned from several historical locations from Dolny Śląsk and Śląsk Opolski
regions (Schroeter, 1908, as R. byssiseda). Later reported from Puszcza Śnieżnej
Białki res. (Truszkowska, 1977), Strzelin hills (Truszkowska & Chlebicki, 1983),
Babia Góra (Bujakiewicz, 2004,2018; Chlebicki, 1989,2018), Bieszczady Mts
(Domański et al., 1960), Białowieża NP (Chlebicki et al., 1996; Faliński & Mułenko,
1997), Tatry NP (Mułenko et al., 2004; Scheuer & Chlebicki, 1997), and Puszcza
Drawska (Kwaśna & Łakomy, 2006).
Sarea resinae (Fr.) Kuntze. Specimen examined: KNP, Łubiec, 2.5 km NW, Leszno
municipality, Kampinos PD, Grabina PSD, forest compartment No.: 125a,c;
2019-09-01; a few ascomata on a trunk of the fallen Pinus sylvestris; leg. & det. ASz;
WAML 1032. Notes: It is a resinicolous fungus. It was previously faultily considered
as a species of lichens and, therefore, oen listed with them (Beimforde et al., 2020).
is saprobic fungus is rather common in Poland but probably overlooked.
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In Poland, it is known from (i) a few historical records, e.g., Stadtwald pr. Angerburg
(forest area E of Węgorzewo), Skomantberg pr. Oletzko (Skomentno Wielkie, near
the Skomentno Lake, Olecko), Ostrokollen (Ostrykół near Ełk), Kopyken pr. Lyck
(Kopijki near Ełk) (Lettau, 1912, aer Ohlert, 1870, as Tromera resinae Fr.; Ohlert,
1870, as Lecidea resinae Fr.), Babia Góra (Rehman, 1879), Góry Świętokrzyskie
(Błoński, 1890, as Tromera resinae Kbr.) and (ii) a dozen contemporary records, e.g.,
Buki Mierzei Wiślanej res. [Kowalewska & Kukwa, 2013, as Pycnidiella resinae (Fr.)
Höhnel], Wdzycki LP (Kukwa et al., 2012, as P. resinae), Drawieński NP (Schiefelbein
et al., 2012), Special Area of Conservation Natura 2000 “Swajnie” in Wichrowo FD
(Szymczyk et al., 2014), Suwalski LP (Jando & Kukwa, 2003, as P. resinae), Starożyn
res. and Mały Borek res. in Puszcza Augustowska (Czyżewska et al., 2005),
Białowieża NP (Kukwa et al., 2008), Górny Śląsk region including Świerklaniec FD
(Kowalski, 1990; Kowalski & Domański, 1983; Kowalski et al., 1994, as P. resinae).
Recently, its teleomorphic stage was found on Larix decidua in Suchedniów FD
(WAML 951), on Larix decidua var. polonica in Dukla FD (Modrzyna res.) (WAML
862), on Larix sp. in Rogów FD (Forest Experimental Station of the Warsaw
University of Life Sciences – SGGW in Rogów) (WAML 856), on Picea abies in Pisz
FD, and Białowieża FD (WAML 861) (Szczepkowski, unpbl. data).
Sphaeropsis sapinea (Fr.) Dyko & B. Sutton. Specimen examined: KNP, Łubiec,
2.5 km NW, Leszno municipality, Kampinos PD, Grabina PSD, forest compartment
No.: 125a,c; 2018-07-21; numerous of pycnidia on shoot of the fallen Pinus sylvestris;
leg. & det. ASz; WAML 1042. Notes: It is an opportunistic pathogen that causes a
widespread disease known as Sphaeropsis blight (Diplodia tip blight or shoot
dieback of conifers). In Poland’s forests, S. sapinea is probably a common species but
it is not reported oen (Sierota et al., 2019). It is hitherto mentioned from a dozen
forest districts e.g. Brynek FD (Kowalski, 1988; Kowalski & Poździk, 1993),
Chrzanów FD (Kowalski, 1988), Herby FD (Kowalski, 1988), Leżajsk FD (Kowalski,
1988), Miechów FD (Kowalski & Zych, 2002b), in the “Puszcza Białowieska”
Promotional Forest Complex (Kowalski et al., 2019), Świerklaniec FD (Kowalski,
1988; Kowalski & Zych, 2002a,2002b), some FD of the Lublin Regional Directorate
of the State Forests (Król et al., 2015), area of the Toruń Regional Directorate of the
State Forests (Stocka, 2010), three national parks: Białowieski (Faliński & Mułenko,
1997), Wielkopolski (Kartawik et al., 2019), and Wigierski (Baturo-Cieśniewska
et al., 2020), Kórnik Arboretum (Przybył, 1990). It has also been collected in Browsk
FD (WAML 1052), Hajnówka FD, Skrwilno FD (WAML 1066), Rogów FD (Forest
Experimental Station of the Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW in Rogów)
(WAML 1061), and in green areas of Ciechanów on Pinus mugo and P. nigra (WAML
1064) and in Warsaw on P. sylvestris and P. nigra (WAML 1065) (Szczepkowski,
unpbl. data).
Tubeua cerea (Berk. & M. A. Curtis) Höhn. Specimen examined: KNP,
Zaborówek, 1.5 km NNW, Leszno municipality, Kampinos PD, Rózin PSD, forest
compartment No.: 258b; 2018-09-10; over a dozen perithecia on stromata of
probably Diatrypella sp. on the fallen twig of Quercus petraea; leg. ASz, det. TŚ; TŚF
316/2018. Notes: It is growing on stromata of pyrenomycetous fungi. In Poland,
it was reported from vicinity of Toruń (Weber-Czerwińska, 1967), Babia Góra
(Chlebicki, 1989), Białowieża NP (Chlebicki & Skirgiełło, 1995; Faliński & Mułenko,
1997), and Puszcza Romincka (Chlebicki, 2005; Chlebicki & Skirgiełło, 1995).
3.2. Basidiomycota
Ganoderma adspersum (Schulzer) Donk (Figure 7). Specimen examined: KNP
buffer zone, in Laski village at 3 Maja Str., near the church; 2019-11-09; three
basidiomata in the lower part of the trunk of dying Aesculus hippocastanum; leg.
& det. ASz; WAML 1046. Notes: Parasite or saprobic species inhabiting mainly
deciduous trees. It is rather common in Poland, known from over 30 localities
(Kujawa, 2020; Sokół, 2000; Wojewoda, 2003).
Mycena hiemalis (Osbeck) Quél. Specimen examined: KNP, Zaborówek,
1.5 km NNW, Leszno municipality, Kampinos PD, Rózin PSD, forest compartment
No.: 258a,b; 2019-10-26; a few basidiomata on the upper surface of the rootball of
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Figure 7 Basidioma of Ganoderma adspersum from Laski village in the Kampinos National Park buffer zone; November 11, 2019.
Photography by A. Szczepkowski.
fallen Quercus petraea and Betula pendula; vid. BG. Notes: Species common in
Poland, known from over 20 localities (Kujawa, 2020; Wojewoda, 2003).
Mycena smithiana Kühner. Specimen examined: KNP, Łubiec, 2.5 km NW, Leszno
municipality, Kampinos PD, Grabina PSD, forest compartment No.: 125a,c;
2019-10-27; numerous basidiomata on decaying Quercus sp. leaves in pine pit; leg.
& det. BG; BGF0004669. Notes: It is quite common, saprobic species growing
exclusively on fallen oak leaves. In Poland, hitherto mentioned from numerous
localities, although only in few reports leaves or litter are listed as substrate,
i.e., Dolina Rzeki Brdy res. (Ławrynowicz et al., 2002a,2002b, as M. debilis), Łaznów
res. (Szkodzik, 2005, as M. debilis), Karkonosze NP (Lisiewska, 1992, as M. debilis),
the Świętkorzyskie Mts (Łuszczyński, 2007,2008), the vicinity of Czerniejewo
(Lisiewska, 1987), and historical locality in Radków (Schroeter, 1889). It has been
also mentioned from Bielinek res. [Bujakiewicz, 1997, as M. debilis (Fr.) Quél.], Buki
nad Jeziorem Lutomskim res. (Bujakiewicz & Springer, 2009), Jelonka res. (Kałucka,
2009), Trębaczew res. (Ławrynowicz, 1973, as M. debilis), Wielka Kępa Ostromecka
res. (Bujakiewicz, 1992, as M. debilis) and Babia Góra NP (Bujakiewicz, 1979,2004,
2018, as M. debilis); however, the substrata mentioned in these reports (wood,
juniper needles) indicate incorrect determination.
Odonticium septocystidiatum (Burt) Zmitr. & Spirin (Figure 8,Figure 9). Specimen
examined: KNP, Zaborówek, 1.5 km NNW, Leszno municipality, Kampinos PD,
Rózin PSD, forest compartment No.: 258b; 2019-08-31; few basidiomata on the
trunk of the fallen Quercus sp. (?); leg. & det. BG; BGF0004282. Notes: Species
hitherto not reported from Poland. In Europe, it is not rare and known from
Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, the
Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
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Figure 8 Basidiomata of Odonticium septocystidiatum from the Kampinos National Park. August 31, 2019. Photography by
B. Gierczyk.
and the United Kingdom (Antonín et al., 2006; Bernicchia & Gorjón, 2010; Borges
et al., 2010; Dingemans, 2021; Dämon, 2001; Kučera & Kautmanová, 2011;
“Odonticium septocystidiatum,” 2021; Volobuev & Tokareva, 2017). Odonticium
septocystidiatum grows on wood and bark of various coniferous and deciduous trees.
Its septate, encrusted, cylindrical cystidia, and absence of clamp connections make it
easy to recognize. Similar septocystidia are present in the hymenium of
Ceraceomyces eludens,Hyphoderma setigerum,Hyphodontia ssp., and Suillosporium
cystidiatum; however, these taxa differ by the presence of clamps and spore shape
and size. Species description: Basidiomata resupinate, smooth to slightly
tuberculate, dark cream-colored to orange. Margin paler, indistinctly brillose.
Hyphal system monomitic. Context hyphae thin-walled; subiculum composed of
thick-walled elements. Crystalline and amorphic grains present in hymenium and
subiculum. Basidia four-spored, clavate. Spores allantoid, hyaline, smooth, without
iodine reaction, 4.5–6 × 1.5–2.5 μm. Cystidia (septocystidia) projecting, up to
140 μm long, cylindrical, septate, composed of ve–eight short-celled elements,
encrusted with yellowish resinous grains. Clamps absent.
Phanerochaete magnoliae (Berk. & M. A. Curtis) Burds. Specimen examined: KNP,
Zaborówek, 1.5 km NNW, Leszno municipality, Kampinos PD, Rózin PSD, forest
compartment No.: 258a,b; 2019-10-26; a few basidiomata on branches of the fallen
Betula pendula; leg. & det. TŚ; TŚF 511/2019. Notes: Saprobic species inhabiting
wood of deciduous trees. In Poland reported from the Beskid Sądecki Mts
(Wojewoda, 2003), Kaszubski LP (Karasiński, 2016), and the Gorce Mts (Wojewoda
et al., 2016).
Punctularia strigosozonata (Schwein.) P. H. B. Talbot; (Figure 10); RL-E. Specimen
examined: KNP, Łubiec, 2.5 km NW, Leszno municipality, Kampinos PD, Grabina
PSD, forest compartment No.: 125a,c; 2019-09-01, 2019-10-27; a few basidiomata on
trunk of the fallen Populus tremula; leg. & det. ASz, BG; WAML 1033, 1040,
BG 0004688. Notes: Very rare species, in Poland hitherto reported from Międzyrzec
Podlaski (Bresadola, 1903, as Phlebia rubiginosa Berk. et Rav.), Białowieża Primeval
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Szczepkowski et al. / Fungal Biota of Kampinos National Park: Part 4
Figure 9 Microcharacters of Odonticium septocystidiatum: (A) basidioma cross section; (B) spores. Scale bars: 10 μm. Drawing by
B. Gierczyk.
Figure 10 Basidiomata of Punctularia strigosozonata from the Kampinos National Park; September 1, 2019. Photography by
A. Szczepkowski.
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Szczepkowski et al. / Fungal Biota of Kampinos National Park: Part 4
Figure 11 Cross-sectioned basidioma of Spongipellis litschaueri from the Kampinos National Park; September 10, 2018.
Photography by B. Gierczyk.
Forest (Gierczyk et al., 2013,2014; Gierczyk, Ślusarczyk, et al., 2019; Kujawa et al.,
2018; Szczepkowski et al., 2010; Wojewoda, 2002), Starożyn res. located in Puszcza
Augustowska (Wojewoda, 2000,2002) and Puszcza Knyszyńska (Kujawa et al., 2019).
Spongipellis litschaueri Lohwag (Figure 11). Specimen examined: KNP,
Zaborówek, 1.5 km NNW from, Leszno municipality, Kampinos PD, Rózin PSD,
forest compartment No.: 258b; 2018-09-10; one basidioma on the trunk of the fallen
Quercus petraea; leg. & det. BG; BGF0002803. Notes: Very rare species, in Poland
hitherto known from Białowieża Primeval Forest (Karasiński & Wołkowycki, 2015)
and Osetno res. (Karasiński & Domian, 2016). It grows predominantly on living or
dead Quercus. It has been synonymized with S. delectans (Peck) Murrill; however,
a molecular analysis conrmed that they are separate species (Tomšovský, 2012).
Trichaptum biforme (Fr.) Ryvarden; RL-R. Specimen examined: KNP,
1.5 km NNW from Zaborówek, Leszno municipality, Kampinos PD, Rózin PSD,
forest compartment No.: 258a, b; 2019-08-31, 2019-10-26; numerous of basidiomata
on a trunk of the Quercus petraea and Betula pendula; leg. & det. ASz; WAML 1047,
1048, 1049. Notes: is species was observed by authors also in forest compartment
No. 76h in 2017–2018. Species common in Poland, it is known from over 30
localities (Kujawa, 2020; Wojewoda, 2003; Wojewoda et al., 2002).
4. Discussion
In Poland, strong winds and even hurricanes have disturbed forest ecosystems on
numerous occasions in recent years (Chojnacka-Ożga & Ożga, 2018a,2018b; Sierota
et al., 2019; Taszarek & Gromadzki, 2017). However, no mycological or
phytopathological studies have been conducted in such areas in the country.
Field research in KNP in the years 2018–2019 resulted in interesting mycological
ndings with 18 novel taxa for KNP: 10 Ascomycota and eight Basidiomycota.
One species (Ganoderma adspersum) was found on a dying horse chestnut tree in
the Park buffer zone. Seventeen of them were found during the studies on
wind-damaged areas aer the gale, which took place in 2017. Among them, one
species (Odonticium septocystidiatum) has not been reported previously from
Poland. Some have been recorded very rarely in Poland, hitherto known from a few
localities (Ciliolarina cfr. laricina,Daldinia petriniae,Pseudovalsa umbonata, and
Spongipellis litschaueri). Two species, Punctularia strigosozonata and Trichaptum
biforme, are placed in endangered and rare threat categories in the “Red list of the
macrofungi in Poland,” respectively (Wojewoda & Ławrynowicz, 2006). While the
former species is very rare and threatened in Poland, the second one is known from
many localities (Kujawa, 2020); we recommend that it should not be included in the
“Red list of the macrofungi.” Seven species new to KNP were found on
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Szczepkowski et al. / Fungal Biota of Kampinos National Park: Part 4
windthrow-oaks (Dendrostoma leiphaemia,Mycena hiemalis,Nemania serpens,
P. umbonata,Rosellinia aquila,Tubeua cerea, and Trichaptum biforme), ve on
windthrow-birches (D. petriniae,Diatrypella favacea,M. hiemalis,Phanerochaete
magnoliae, and T. biforme), four on windthrow-pines (Ciliolarina cfr. laricina,
Mycena smithiana,Sarea resinae, and Sphaeropsis sapinea), and one on
windthrow-aspen (P. strigosozonata). One of the listed species (Sarea resinae) was
recently found on a spruce trunk in the wind-destroyed forest stands of “Szast”
Protective Forest (Pisz FD) (Szczepkowski, unpbl. data). Some of the species
(e.g., M. smithiana,S. sapinea, and T. biforme) have also been found in forests
damaged by re, industrial emissions, and other factors (Kałucka, 2009; Kowalski,
1988; Kowalski & Zych, 2002a,2002b). In contrast, they have also been reported
from well-preserved forests and managed forests without large natural disturbances.
Eight ascomycetes (Ciliolarina cfr. laricina,Daldinia petriniae,Dendrostoma
leiphaemia,Diatrypella favacea,N. serpens,P. umbonata,R. aquila, and S. sapinea)
and eight basidiomycetous (G. adspersum,Mycena hiemalis,M. smithiana,
O. septocystidiatum,Phanerochate magnoliaae,Punctularia strigosozonata,
S. litschaueri, and T. biforme) fungi new to KNP are saprophytes or occasional
pathogens. ey were associated with branches and trunks of windthrow trees and
other woody remnants. Fallen twigs and small branches are typically dominated by
Ascomycota and corticoid Basidiomycota, which may develop from latent
propagules (Boddy & Heilmann-Clausen, 2008). One species, G. adspersum, was
found on the trunk of a dying tree in the Park buffer zone. Moreover, one species
collected (S. resinae) is resinicolous fungus species and another species (T. cerea) is
growing on stromata of pyrenomycetous fungi. e last species was also reported on
wood and bark lying on the ground and on herbaceous substrates, but it could
possibly grow on the mycelium of other ascomycetes (Sánchez & Bianchinotti, 2010).
e current results increase the number of taxa reported from KNP (without
including phytopathogenic microfungi) to 1,630 (1,408 Basidiomycota and 222
Ascomycota) (Gierczyk, Szczepkowski, Ślusarczyk, & Kujawa, 2019; Marciszewska
et al., 2020). e studies on wind-damaged areas of KNP will be continued in the
coming years, and the results and analyses of the succession of fungal biota will be
published.
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