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Efficient Smart Water Management System Using IoT Technology
Abstract
Water is the most precious and important chemical substance since it is a basic necessity of all human beings; nevertheless, the water supply department is currently experiencing a difficulty in real-time operation owing to a lack of water in resources due to decreased rainfall. Because water has become a critical concern that impacts water distribution, interrupted water supply, water conservation, water consumption, and water quality, urban residential areas have grown in size as the population has grown. So, in order to solve water supply problems and make the system more efficient, a robust monitoring and control system is required. In addition, with the ever-increasing demand for water and the developing dispute over diverse uses of water over the decades, water resource management has become a critical requirement in Bangladesh. This suggested approach on the IoT platform focuses on continuous and real-time monitoring of water supply. Water supply with continuous monitoring ensures appropriate distribution, allowing for a record of available water in tanks, flow rate, and distribution line anomalies. The Internet of Things is a network of physical items that are equipped with electronics, sensors, software, and network connectivity. As a central office, monitoring may be done from anywhere. Using Adafruit as a free server, data is continually uploaded to the cloud, allowing data to be seen and tracked in real time. Via several sensors, a controller, and a Raspberry Pi as a minicomputer, data can be monitored and operations may be controlled from the cloud using efficient client-server communication.
... Groundwater monitoring has been difficult in the Southern African region particularly Congo, for the water administrative authorities [1]. Water clients do not submit the required compulsory critical data for effective monitoring of water use [2]. This, combined with the absence of limits to boreholes dug by permit holders to water authorities, has led to challenges in decision making and groundwater conservation [3]. ...
... The sustainability index evaluates variables easily [6]. The solution takes the form of a generic early warning system (EWS) consisting of four components, namely: (1) gathering of the risk knowledge; (2) monitoring and predicting the situation; (3) communicating the warning messages and (4) responding to the warning [7]. To incorporate the various ICTs (artificial intelligence, wireless sensor networks, mobile phones) in the 3-elements' EWS, ISDR's (international strategy for disaster reduction) model was adapted as it was the case in ITIKI framework [8]. ...
... Equation 2 represents the scientific portrayal of the connection between the actuation work, sources of info, weights and the inclination [21]: ………Equation 2 ...
... In the present study, it is also used. Past and present studies used almost the same equipment for lab tests [13]. The difference between the previous and present study is the sample of the research. ...
... Innovative wastewater treatment using MFCs makes use of microorganisms' metabolic processes to efficiently cleanse wastewater and generate sustainable energy at the same time. The microorganisms living in the MFC's anode chamber use the organic matter found in wastewater as a substrate in this process [11,13]. The bacteria produce electrons as a metabolic byproduct when they break down the chemical substances. ...
Chemical manufacturing, textile processing, and other industrial activities have increased the importance of effective wastewater treatment. This study gives a systematic look at how well an artificially ventilated tidal flow Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) wetland system cleans the water. The system uses IoT monitoring to continuously collect data on the MFC's performance, which can be used to optimize the system for wastewater treatment and energy generation. Integrating IoT monitoring with the ESP8266-12 and ADS1115 improves real-time evaluation and makes it possible to keep improving the performance of MFCs for efficient treatment of wastewater and production of energy. The main feature of this system is that-(i) it can generate electricity. Secondly, (ii) it has waste disposal facilities, and (iii) the chemical elements of wastewater can produce hydroponic plants. The study used three materials: Jhama brick, brick surkhi, and rubber tire fragments. By testing NH 4-N, NO 2-N, NO 3-N, TN, TSS, TKN, BOD, and COD. The experiment results show that TKN (65.8%) and TN (76.9%) removed the most nitrogen due to better nitrification-denitrification and media-oriented chemical adsorption. The highest pollutant and coliform removed were found at around 87.5% and 95.09% of COD, respectively. The proposed system can produce bioenergy with a maximum voltage of 142 mV, a maximum current density of 27.85 mA/m3, and a maximum power density of 3954.03 mW/m3. Pollutant removal was highest when jhama brick was used as a medium in MFC and lowest when rubber tire fragments were used.
... 8. High rate of power consumption which is not cost effective. Advantages of the proposed system A Smart Water Management System based on IoT is an overhead tank automation IoT-based system [21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. Where water tank will be monitored continuously and it is refilled automatically without any manual intervention. ...
Water is a vital resource for life, and its management is a key issue nowadays the water demand is increasing due to global population growth and urbanization. Present technologies for water control are currently facing interoperability problems due to the lack of support for standardization in monitoring and controlling equipment. This problem affects various processes in water management, such as water consumption, water distribution, system identification, and equipment maintenance. Under these conditions, new technologies in the water management infrastructure have been required to enable the distribution of high-quality water to users safely and cost-effectively, from the perspective of efficiently using our world's precious water resource. The Internet of Things (IoT) Based Smart Water Management System is a cutting-edge technology that integrates sensors, communication devices, and data analytics to efficiently monitor and manage water resources. This system enables real-time monitoring of water quality, consumption, and distribution, allowing for proactive maintenance and optimization of water usage. By leveraging IoT technology, this smart water management system offers improved accuracy, reliability, and cost-effectiveness in managing water resources. Based on standards, the system proposal is a smart water management system model combining Internet of Things technology with decision support systems. This system is more efficient in distribution monitoring and control approach for a water utility to reduce water loss. This approach will help utility operators to improve water management systems, especially by exploiting emerging technologies.
... At present time a large number of vending machines for coffee, milk, candy, chocolates are used in different places like bus or railway stations, schools, colleges, universities. But there is a limitation that a vending machine can't serve a full meal to the consumers [7]. ...
Clean, accessible water is critical to human health, a healthy environment, peace, and security. The availability of safe drinking water supplies is a main concern for an overpopulated country like Bangladesh. A large proportion of the population of Bangladesh still does not have access to adequate, clean, and pure water. The scarcity of water poses a major threat to several areas of society, including food security. In this work, we will develop a coin-based water ATM system with ultra membrane filtration that will ensure the availability of pure, fresh, and safe drinking water for a large population at a low cost. Besides, adding GSM features will ensure easy maintenance and monitoring of the system. This device can be used in various crowded and public places like busy roads, highways, railway junctions, shopping malls, etc.
... In [33], an integrated business model for Water 4.0 is proposed. Different cloud platforms controlled through IoT are proposed to measure water quality in [34,35]. ...
Global warming has increased uncertainty regarding managing traditional water supply systems. Unfortunately, there is a need for the smart management of water supply systems. This work aims to design a solution for renewing and securing critical infrastructure that supplies water and provides water purification inside the range of applications of Industry 4.0 for Smart Cities. Therefore, we analyze the renewal requirements and the applicable use cases and propose a solution based on IoT networks for critical infrastructure in the urban environment. We describe the architecture of the IoT network and the specific hardware for securing a water supply and wastewater treatment chain. In addition, the water level control process for the supply chain and the system that ensures the optimal level of chemicals for wastewater treatment are detailed. Finally, we present the guidelines for infrastructure operators to carry out this operation within Industry 4.0, constituting a development framework for future research on the design of Smart Cities.
Smart city initiatives aim to enhance urban domains such as healthcare, transportation, energy , education, environment, and logistics by leveraging advanced information and communication technologies, particularly the Internet of Things (IoT). While IoT integration offers significant benefits, it also introduces unique challenges. This paper provides a comprehensive review of IoT-based management in smart cities. It includes a discussion of a generalized architecture for IoT in smart cities, evaluates various metrics to assess the success of smart city projects, explores standards pertinent to these initiatives, and delves into the challenges encountered in implementing smart cities. Furthermore, the paper examines real-world applications of IoT in urban management, highlighting their advantages, practical impacts, and associated challenges. The research methodology involves addressing six key questions to explore IoT architecture, impacts on efficiency and sustainability, insights from global examples, critical standards, success metrics, and major deployment challenges. These findings offer valuable guidance for practitioners and policymakers in developing effective and sustainable smart city initiatives. The study significantly contributes to academia by enhancing knowledge, offering practical insights, and highlighting the importance of interdisciplinary research for urban innovation and sustainability, guiding future initiatives towards more effective smart city solutions.
In the current era of agricultural robotization, it is necessary to use a suitable automated data collection system for constant plant, animal, and machine monitoring. In this context, cloud computing (CC) is a well-established paradigm for building service-centric farming applications. However, the huge amount of data has put an important burden on data centers and network bandwidth and pointed out issues that cloud-based applications face such as large latency, bottlenecks because of central processing, compromised security, and lack of offline processing. Fog computing (FC), edge computing (EC), and mobile edge computing (MEC) (or flying edge computing FEC) are gaining exponential attention and becoming attractive solutions to bring CC processes within reach of users and address computation-intensive offloading and latency issues. These paradigms from cloud to mobile edge computing are already forming a unique ecosystem with different architectures, storage, and processing capabilities. The heterogeneity of this ecosystem comes with certain limitations and challenges. This paper carries out a systematic review of the latest high-quality literature and aims to identify similarities, differences, and the main use cases in the mentioned computing paradigms, particularly when using drones. Our expectation from this work is to become a good reference for researchers and help them address hot topics and challenging issues related to this scope.
In this study, we conducted a bibliometric analysis and comprehensive review of the studies published between the period of 2012 and 2022 on resource management in the internet of things (IoT) networks using the Scopus database to determine the current state of research and gain insight into the research challenges and opportunities in the field. The bibliometric analysis technique was employed to bibliometrically analyze the published studies that were collected from the Scopus database and this helped to discover the majority of research subjects in the field of resource management in IoT networks. Following this, we conducted a comprehensive review of the relevant studies to provide an insight into the recent progress and the research gaps in the field. According to the results of our bibliometric analysis and the comprehensive review, we discovered that resource management problems in IoT networks is still a growing challenge as a result of the limited available resources for operating IoT networks. Consequently, the resource management problem is a critical research area due to the advantages of IoT in terms of collecting vital data that could be used in analyzing and predicting human behavior as well as environmental conditions. Also, the results of our bibliometric analysis and comprehensive review further revealed that research on the use of artificial techniques, such as optimization approaches and game theory approaches, for resource management are common while research on the use of the modern artificial intelligence technique, like deep learning approaches, is less common. Therefore, this study aims to fill the research gap in the area of resource management in IoT networks by introducing the use of deep learning approaches. Deep learning is a powerful artificial intelligence method that is advantageous for obtaining low-complexity resource allocation solutions in a near real-time. Also, various open research issues that are associated with the use of deep learning approaches are highlighted as future research directions to enable the development of novel deep learning models for IoT networks.
IoT based smart agriculture systems are important for efficient usage of lands, water, and energy resources. Wireless communication protocols constitute a critical part of smart agriculture systems because the fields, in general, cover a large area requiring system components to be placed at distant locations. There are various communication protocols with different features that can be utilized in smart agriculture applications. When designing a smart agriculture system, it is required to carefully consider the features of possible protocols to make a suitable and optimal selection. Therefore, this review paper aims to underline the specifications of the wireless communication protocols that are widely used in smart agriculture applications. Furthermore, application-specific requirements, which may be useful during the design stage of the smart agriculture systems, are highlighted. To accomplish these aims, this paper compares the technical properties and investigates the practical applications of five different wireless communication protocols that are commonly used in IoT applications: ZigBee, Wi-Fi, Sigfox, NB-IoT, and LoRaWAN. In particular, the inconsistencies in the technical properties of these protocols reported in different resources have been highlighted and the reason for this situation has been discussed. Considering the features offered by the protocols and the requirements of smart agriculture applications, the appropriateness of a particular protocol to a particular smart agriculture application is examined. In addition, issues about cost, communication quality, and hardware of the five protocols have been mentioned. The trending technologies with high potential for the future applications of smart agriculture have been introduced. In this context, the relation of the technologies like aerial systems, cellular communication, and big data analytics with wireless have been specified. Finally, the leading protocol and the smart agriculture application area have been highlighted through observing the year-based distribution of the recent publications. It has been shown that usage of LoRaWAN protocol has become more widespread in recent years.
Water gives life to our parks and helps them to be lush and green. However, over-irrigation in parks has the potential to waste substantial amounts of water and may also result in seepage and leakage of nutrients into nearby streams. Therefore, it is important to implement a smart water management system in parks to conserve water resources. This paper presents a multidisciplinary approach to use the latest irrigation technologies, Internet of Things (IoT) communication system, sensor technologies, and machine learning model for better water management of parklands by optimising the irrigation requirement and operating conditions. The project uses Dual Electromagnetic (DUAL-EM) sensor to scan the parkland to visualise the distribution of moisture content in a contour map which helps in identifying the location of interest to install moisture sensors to build the park's realtime watering profile. The IoT system uses a Low Power Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) to connect moisture sensors (MP640), and micro-weather station (ATMOS 41) to automate the data collection on the cloud for real-time data storage and monitoring. The live data of the IoT system is used with laboratory testing data to prepare a smarter decision system for irrigation via machine learning. The sprinklers that are controlled by the smarter decision system helps to dispense irrigation water as per the needs of the parkland thus, reducing wastage of water and minimising nutrients leaching into streams to protect natural habitats.
Energy conservation is one of the major issues of recent days because all the natural resources will end up soon as the earth has a limited amount of such non-renewable resources. This paper ensures the conservation of energy by minimizing the wastage of electricity. Two microcontrollers are used for this setup. One of them is used to control the electrical appliances automatically depending on human presence in a particular room or area. When the passive infrared sensor (PIR) and proximity sensor find the motion and presence of human inside the area then it will turn on the electrical appliances and will count the number of persons. And the opposite action will be taken for the absence of human movement in a particular area using a relay circuit in the system. Although everything will be controlled using this system there is also a scope to control the appliances manually using separate switches. Once the switches are kept ON, the system will automatically shut down and turn ON when necessary. Another microcontroller is used to operate the safety features of the building and the entrance gate opening which will automatically open or close the door when someone enters or leaves the room and will show it on the LCD. With the help of the humidity sensor, it will show the temperature and humidity level in the LCD. A smoke detector sensor is used which will ring the fire alarm when smoke is detected and it will open the emergency exit door as well as the entrance door.
This paper deals with wireless power transmission technology. A battery of an electronic device will be charged wirelessly. The solar panel converts the sun light into electrical energy. Power from a solar panel is sent through a transmitter circuit and received by a receiver circuit wirelessly based on Faraday’s law of induction. As magnetic resonance coupling is more efficient and useful than magnetic inductive coupling, in this paper, magnetic resonant coupling is used. There are a transmitter and receiver coil. The transmitter coil is driven at the same frequency of the resonant frequency of the receiver coil. For those reasons, the LC tuned circuit has been built to maintain the same frequency. As power is transmitted wirelessly, some power is wasted. As a result, efficiency is decreased to only 11 %. After all, it will be a future charging solution in the modern world. With the help of wireless battery charger technology, power can be supplied to the electric cars, drones, hospital’s equipment, and smartphones. This device also helps to reduce the necessity of using wires.
With the growing rates of population and environmental pollution, the need for in-depth research on sustainable water-quality management systems has become evident. This paper presents a smart system for water quality management including predictive capabilities. The proposed system facilitates the regular monitoring of water quality parameters at water treatment plants using an easy to use IoT device and facilitates to identify water leakage points in the water distribution network using crowd-sourcing and visualization techniques. Most importantly, proposed system is capable of predicting of upcoming changes of water quality with an accuracy of 99% and calculating the respective purification costs. Digital dashboard in the system presents summarized information on leakages, customer feedback, water quality patterns and associated purification costs
Water distribution systems are seeing the increased deployment of new technologies that use Internet of Things (IoT) to gather, analyse and extract useful information from data; further enabling Smart Water Networks (SWNs). IoT type technologies have a huge potential to enable more efficient water resources management. Heterogeneous IoT sensors/devices/technologies from different vendors are starting to be employed in SWNs. The deployment of IoT sensors is a critical issue that significantly affects a wireless sensors network's real-time monitoring performance. The aim of the deployment of IoT sensors (i.e. nodes) for wireless networks is to find the most efficient number, type and locations of sensors that enable satisfying a SWN's hydraulic and water quality requirements (among the others) while considering issues such as energy consumption of the nodes and coverage of the target monitoring area, to mention just a few. This paper provides an overview of the SWN architecture and its components and scrutinises emerging sensor and communication technologies for developing SWNs focussing on the sensing and control, and collection and communication layers of the SWN architecture. Additionally, it presents a selective review of recent literature on issues related to the intelligent deployment of sensors in wireless sensors networks and on sensors deployment for water quality and leak detection/localisation applications in SWNs. The main aim of the literature review carried out and presented here has been to highlight the main challenges of developing IoT-enabled SWNs, so that interesting future research directions for achieving a context-aware IoT framework for SWNs can be identified.
Water is always a crucial part of everyday life. Due to global environmental situation, water management and conservation is vital for human survival. In recent times, there were huge needs of consumer based humanitarian projects that could be rapidly developed using Internet of Things (IoT) technology. In this paper, we propose an IoT based water monitoring system that measures water level in real-time. Our prototype is based on idea that the level of the water can be very important parameter when it comes to the flood occurrences especially in disaster prone areas. A water level sensor is used to detect the desired parameter, and if the water level reaches the parameter, the signal will be feed in realtime to social network like Twitter. A cloud server was configured as data repository. The measurement of the water levels are displayed in remote dashboard.
In daily operations related to farming or gardening, watering is the most important cultural practice. Especially in rice cultivation huge amount of water is used. In conventional method continuous standing water is kept above paddy field during whole growing period of rice crop, though it is not necessary to keep continuous standing water in the field. The alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) irrigation systems are a modern technology which saves water as well as increases crop yield. This AWD is being practiced manually in Bangladesh. This proposed model aims to make the AWD irrigation system into automated AWD irrigation system. However huge amount of electric power and fuel are being consumed by irrigation system in the country. The other aims of the proposed model are use of renewable energy instead of electric and fuel energy to save and secure future resources. To fulfil the country’s feed, enhance the economy and develop availability of water automation in AWD is an essential requirement. Smart irrigation system occupies an exact amount of water at the correct location. It saves time and decreases hard work. It also makes a country self-sufficient in the food section. The traditional watering system is long time consumed where automation in AWD mitigate the time duration. It can also sense the weather behavior. During the rainy season it checks the possibility of rain and acts like that with help of the multi-level sensors. So, it can improve production efficiency as well. For this reason, an automatic irrigation control system has been designed with sensors, solar panels, fast charger, and battery. The sensors detect the dynamic water above and below ground surface. All this set up is controlled by Arduino microcontroller. Online Wi-fi ESP8266 module is used to control automated online monitoring to get feedback from sensors. A fast charger is used as back up part in AWD method. This whole circuit is more efficient and works automatically and manually.
In this paper, we present the design of an IoT-based dynamic irrigation scheduling system (AgriSens) for efficient water management of irrigated crop fields. The AgriSens provides real-time, automatic, dynamic as well as remote manual irrigation treatment for different growth phases of a crop’s life cycle using Internet of Things. A low-cost water-level sensor is designed to measure the level of water present in a field. We propose an algorithm for automatic dynamic-cum-manual irrigation based on farmer requirements. The AgriSens has a farmer-friendly user interface, which provides field information to the farmers in a multi-modal manner — visual display, cell phone, and Web portal. It achieves significant results with respect to different performance metrics such as data validation, packet delivery ratio, energy consumption, and failure rate in various climatic conditions and with dynamic irrigation treatments. Experimental results show that the AgriSens helps improve the crop productivity by at most 10.21% over the traditional manual irrigation method, expands the network’s lifetime 2.5 times more than the existing system yet achieving a reliability of 94% even after 500 hours of operation.
In recent days everything depends on smart
technology. Irrigation system is also becoming smart by using
modern technologies, which is more advantageous rather than
the traditional methods. In this paper, a smart irrigation system
is developed that automates the irrigation process with the help
of solar power. This proposed system can optimize the use of
water based on different data, such as soil moisture, weather
prediction, etc. It will also notify its owner about the current
condition of the soil and motor through GSM technology. This
proposed model can automatically turn ON and OFF the motor
pump by sensing the moisture content of the soil depending on
the demand of water in the field. A moisture sensor is used to
collect data (soil moister level) of a particular area. The motor
will automatically turn OFF after fulfilling the demand of water
and get turns ON again when the field becomes dry. GSM
technology is used to send the update (ON/OFF) of a motor to
the farmers. The whole proposed system is controlled by an
Arduino. Here, DC power is generated from the solar panel. All
these features will make irrigation system much smarter and
economical.
Security is one of the most key concern of people in
current world. Advanced surveillance systems are now being
used widely for detecting suspicious act in real time. But it also
comprises the shortcomings of having a huge memory along
with smart encryption system. To alienate these
computationally heavy workflows, a smart intruder alert
system has been developed which senses motion in real time.
Motion detection is attained with a new approach which
incorporates PIR sensors with ARM cortexA53
microprocessor. The sensor is used more effectively with GSM
modem through efficient communication between them with
the help of both coding and required customization. SMS and
calls are initiated from GSM based on the data obtained from
sensor. The method used in this research provides
computationally faster processing and detection comparing
with the other systems which are explained in detail in this
paper.
Internet of Things (IoT) has provided promising opportunities to create powerful industrial and domestic applications. One of its main applications is smart metering. Water is the most precious resource that must be used responsibly. Information about the usage of water can reduce the water wastage and will help in water management. In this paper we propose the architectural framework for IoT based water meter. Water flow and heat measurements are taken by water meter (STUF-280T) which is based on ultrasonic flow measurement technology. We have described the Mediatek Cloud Sandbox which we are using as a cloud platform. For water meter to communicate with the cloud we have used LinkIt ONE development board which is an open source platform for prototyping IoT devices. As data will be stored and analyzed on the cloud, this system will be very economical. Also user can access, analyze and share data anytime, from anywhere.
Application of Internet of Things (IoT) to Develop a Smart Watering System for Cairns Parklands -A Case Study
- V Chandrappa
- B Ray
- N Ashwath
- P Shrestha
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Cairns Parklands -A Case Study", IEEE Region 10 Symposium
(TENSYMP), Dhaka, Bangladesh, pp. 1118-1122, 2020.
Dhaka turns to rainwater harvesting to ease water crisis
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10, 2021]
An Integrated Platform of Water Quality Management for National Water Supply and Drainage Board
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The performance challenges of Dhaka WASA
- T Khan
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Water Intelligence: Focusing on performance", Global Water Summit
2016, pp. 50-52.
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- khan