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New species of Apatelodidae (Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea) from Andean countries
Abstract
A new genus, Asocia gen. n., is described for three new species of Apatelodidae from Colombia, Ecuador and Peru, respectively A. irroratoides sp. n., A. virginis sp. n., and A. doroshkini sp. n. In addition, a new species of Olceclostera Butler, 1878, O. leticiensis sp. n., from Colombia is described. The adults and male genitalia of all the new species are figured.
... The study of the male and female genitalia structures and the use of molecular tools has shown that many species comprise cryptic species complexes (Herbin 2017;Herbin et al. 2021;. Currently, the family comprises 200 species and ten subspecies, distributed in 13 genera (Kitching et al. 2018;Hamilton et al. 2019;Herbin 2021aHerbin , 2021bHerbin et al. 2021; but studies testing the monophyly of the genera are lacking. ...
... Subsequently, Draudt (1929) transferred Olceclostera to Zanolinae (Bombycidae), currently a synonym of Apatelodidae (Zwick 2011), where the genus stands. Olceclostera harbors 31 species (Kitching et al. 2018;Herbin, 2021aHerbin, , 2021b, 27 described until 1929 (Draudt 1929), based only on a few external characters (e. g. color, wing shape, and the number of hyaline spots). Based on Draudt (1929), some species are still believed to have a wide distribution. ...
Apatelodidae is a family of Neotropical bombycoids that still needs to be studied in several aspects, as many groups of species have
not yet undergone a careful systematic revision. On the other hand, recent studies showed that some species known to be widely distributed in fact form species complexes. Until now, Olceclostera bifenestrata Schaus, 1912, described from Costa Rica, supposedly
has a wide distribution, reaching the south of Brazil. We reviewed specimens from South America identified as O. bifenestrata. Using
morphological data and DNA barcodes, we discovered that South American specimens belong to four new species: Olceclostera
jairana sp. nov., Olceclostera quilombola sp. nov., Olceclostera xeta sp. nov. and Olceclostera wayana sp. nov. The four species
can be distinguished mainly by characters of genitalia, mostly in aedeagus structures. However, wing characters (number of hyaline
spots) and abdomen characters (number of patches of larger scales) may be useful for classifying species groups in Olceclostera.
Additionally, we illustrate and describe for the first time all the life stages of an Olceclostera species, including its chaetotaxy and
life history, and provide the first SEM images of the egg of an Apatelodidae species. We present a discussion about the morphological
characters of adults and immatures and their relevance to the systematics of Apatelodidae.
... Apatelodidae represents a Neotropical branch of Bombycoidea with approximately 200 species described in 14 genera (Kitching et al. 2018;Hamilton et al. 2019;Herbin 2021Herbin , 2022Herbin et al. 2021;Orlandin et al. 2022). They are relatively common in light traps and feed upon several groups of dicots species (Franclemont 1973;Janzen and Hallwachs 2009;Robinson et al. 2010;Diniz et al. 2013;Herbin 2020;Orlandin et al. , 2022. ...
The genus Apatelodes Packard, 1864 comprise more than half of the known Apatelodidae species, but most of its species are placed in the genus without precise justification. The result is a heterogeneous group of species, probably forming a polyphyletic arrangement. Despite being relatively large moths and relatively abundant in light traps, only little information on the natural history and morphology of the Apatelodes immature stages has been published, and only one species is fully described including its immature stages. Aiming to increase the knowledge and provide information towards the definition of the identity of this genus, the present study describes the immature stages, provides a redescription of the male, the first description of the female of Apatelodes kotzschi Draudt, 1929, and we compare and discuss the morphological similarities among Apatelodes species. In general, the immatures of Apatelodes exhibits apparently well-conserved morphological characters , including the gross chaetotaxy configuration. Most differences are found in larval coloration patterns (mainly in the last instar larvae), pupa texture, and cremaster morphology. In contrast, imagos wings and genitalia are rich sources of diagnostic characters which can be used to identify species. However, there are still large gaps in the knowledge of the morphological characters and natural history of most species in the genus that hampers a more robust delimitation of the genus Apatelodes.
The Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD) is an informatics workbench aiding the acquisition, storage, analysis and publication of DNA barcode records. By assembling molecular, morphological and distributional data, it bridges a traditional bioinformatics chasm. BOLD is freely available to any researcher with interests in DNA barcoding. By providing specialized services, it aids the assembly of records that meet the standards needed to gain BARCODE designation in the global sequence databases. Because of its web-based delivery and flexible data security model, it is also well positioned to support projects that involve broad research alliances. This paper provides a brief introduction to the key elements of BOLD , discusses their functional capabilities, and concludes by examining computational resources and future prospects.
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