Two new brown rot polypores from tropical China

Abstract

Brown-rot fungi are types of fungi that selectively degrade cellulose and hemicellulose from wood and are perhaps the most important agents involved in the degradation of wood products and dead wood in forest ecosystem. Two new brown-rot species, collected from southern China, are nested within the clades of Fomitopsis sensu stricto and Oligoporus sensu stricto, respectively. Their positions are strongly supported in the Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic tree of the concatenated the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, the large subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nLSU), the small subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nuSSU), the small subunit of mitochondrial rRNA gene (mtSSU), the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB1), the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2) and the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (TEF1) sequences. Fomitopsis bambusae , only found on bamboo, is characterised by its resupinate to effused-reflexed or pileate basidiocarps, small pores (6–9 per mm), the absence of cystidia, short cylindrical to oblong-ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 4.2–6.1 × 2–2.3 μm. Oligoporus podocarpi is characterised by white to pale cream pore surface, round or sometimes angular pores (5–6 per mm), broadly ellipsoid to reniform basidiospores measuring 3.8–4.2 × 2–2.3 μm and growing on Podocarpus . Illustrated descriptions of these two novel species, Fomitopsis bambusae and Oligoporus podocarpi , are provided.

Full text

Two new brown rot polypores from tropical China
Meng Zhou1, Chao-Ge Wang1, Ying-Da Wu2, Shun Liu1, Yuan Yuan1
1Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing
100083, China 2China Fire and Rescue Institute, Beijing 102202, China
Corresponding author: Yuan Yuan (yuanyuan1018@bjfu.edu.cn)
Academic editor: Kentaro Hosaka|Received 5 May 2021|Accepted 5 August 2021|Published 19 August 2021
Citation: Zhou M, Wang C-G, Wu Y-D, Liu S, Yuan Y (2021) Two new brown rot polypores from tropical China.
MycoKeys 82: 173–197. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.82.68299
Abstract
Brown-rot fungi are types of fungi that selectively degrade cellulose and hemicellulose from wood and are
perhaps the most important agents involved in the degradation of wood products and dead wood in for-
est ecosystem. Two new brown-rot species, collected from southern China, are nested within the clades of
Fomitopsis sensu stricto and Oligoporus sensu stricto, respectively. eir positions are strongly supported
in the Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic tree of the concatenated the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)
regions, the large subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nLSU), the small subunit of nuclear ribosomal
RNA gene (nuSSU), the small subunit of mitochondrial rRNA gene (mtSSU), the largest subunit of RNA
polymerase II (RPB1), the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2) and the translation elon-
gation factor 1-α gene (TEF1) sequences. Fomitopsis bambusae, only found on bamboo, is characterised by
its resupinate to eused-reexed or pileate basidiocarps, small pores (6–9 per mm), the absence of cystidia,
short cylindrical to oblong-ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 4.2–6.1 × 2–2.3 µm. Oligoporus podocarpi is
characterised by white to pale cream pore surface, round or sometimes angular pores (5–6 per mm), broad-
ly ellipsoid to reniform basidiospores measuring 3.8–4.2 × 2–2.3 µm and growing on Podocarpus. Illus-
trated descriptions of these two novel species, Fomitopsis bambusae and Oligoporus podocarpi, are provided.
Keywords
Brown-rot fungi, multi-gene phylogeny, phylogeny, taxonomy
Introduction
Wood-inhabiting basidiomycota can be grouped into two categories, white-rot and
brown-rot fungi, according to their ability for decaying or decomposing wood. Brown-
rot fungi selectively degrade cellulose and hemicellulose from wood and decayed mate-
MycoKeys 82: 173–197 (2021)
doi: 10.3897/mycokeys.82.68299
https://mycokeys.pensoft.net
Copyright Meng Zhou et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0),
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
RESEARCH ARTICLE
A peer-reviewed open-access journal
Launched to accelerate biodiversity research

Meng Zhou et al. / MycoKeys 82: 173–197 (2021)
174
rial becomes reddish-brown or tan, crisp, causing massive cracks in the middle of a lon-
gitudinal crisscross. However, white-rot fungi can degrade all the components of wood
and decayed material, become white or pale-yellow or light reddish-brown and expose
the brous structure. e number of brown rot fungi is remarkably smaller compared
to white rot fungi (Zhang 2003; Wu et al. 2020). Gilbertson (1981) has estimated that
approximately 6% of the wood-rotting basidiomycetes in North America give a brown
rot. On the other hand, Dai (2012) demonstrated that 14% of Chinese polypores in
northern China can cause a brown rot (Cui et al. 2019). Brown-rot fungi are perhaps
the most important agents involved in the degradation of wood products and in the
degradation of dead wood in forest ecosystems. It is worth emphasising that the diver-
sity of brown rot fungi is higher in high-latitude areas than in low-latitude areas and
the number of brown rot fungi decreases from north to south in China (Zhou and Dai
2012; Dai et al. 2015), so that brown-rot fungi are infrequent in tropical areas.
As a cosmopolitan brown-rot genus of polypores, Fomitopsis P. Karst., was estab-
lished by Karsten, based on F. pinicola (Sw.) P. Karst. (Karsten 1881). e genus was
classied in the Fomitopsidaceae morphologically (Jülich 1981) and belonged to the
Antrodia clade phylogenetically (Binder et al. 2005; Ortiz-Santana et al. 2013; Han et
al. 2016). Han et al. (2016) conrmed that species, previously belonging to Fomitopsis
sensu lato, were embedded in seven lineages and eleven species form the core group
of Fomitopsis. In addition, four species Fomitopsis caribensis B.K. Cui & Shun Liu,
F. eucalypticola B.K. Cui & Shun Liu, F. ginkgonis B.K. Cui & Shun Liu and F. roseoalba
A.M.S. Soares, Ryvarden & Gibertoni were introduced as new species and F. bondart-
sevae (Spirin) A.M.S. Soares & Gibertoni was proposed as a new combination (Soares
et al. 2017; Tibpromma et al. 2017; Liu et al. 2019). In the latest study, ten species
have been recognised in the Fomitopsis pinicola complex (Haight et al. 2019; Liu et al.
2021). So far, 25 species have been accepted in Fomitopsis sensu stricto (s. str.).
Oligoporus Bref. (Polyporales, Basidiomycetes) was typied with O. farinosus Bref.,
1888 (Syn. O. rennyi (Berk. & Broome) Kotl.) (Brefeld 1888). Recent phylogenetic
analyses have demonstrated that Oligoporus and Tyromyces belong to dierent clades
and that they were grouped within families Dacryobolaceae Jülich and Incrustoporiace-
ae Jülich (Binder et al. 2013; Floudas and Hibbett 2015; Justo et al. 2017). Shen et al.
(2019) have proved Oligoporus s. str. is dierent from Postia s. str. in morphology and
molecular phylogenetic analysis. Meanwhile, species in Postia s. str. have a broad host
range growing both on angiosperm and gymnosperm wood, but Oligoporus s. str. grows
only on gymnosperm wood (Donk 1971; Ryvarden and Melo 2014; Shen et al. 2019).
So far, only two species have been accepted in Oligoporus s. str. (Shen et al. 2019).
During our investigations of brown-rot fungi in China, eight specimens were col-
lected from Hainan Province in tropical China. Morphological examination shows
these collections to represent two brown-rot polypores, corresponding to Fomitopsis s.s.
and Oligoporus s.s. After phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)
regions, the large subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nLSU), the small subunit
of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nuSSU), the small subunit of mitochondrial rRNA
gene (mtSSU), the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB1), the second largest

Two new brown rot polypores from tropical China 175
subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2) and the translation elongation factor 1-α gene
(TEF1) sequences, two new species were conrmed as belonging to Fomitopsis s.s. and
Oligoporus s.s.. In this paper, we describe and illustrate these two new species.
Materials and methods
Morphological studies
e examined specimens were deposited in the herbarium of the Institute of Micro-
biology, Beijing Forestry University (BJFC) in Beijing, China. Macro-morphological
descriptions were based on the eld notes and measurements of herbarium specimens.
Colour terms followed Petersen (1996). Micro-morphological data were obtained
from the dried specimens and observed under a light microscope following Chen et al.
(2017) and Shen et al. (2019). Sections were studied at a magnication up to 1000×
using a Nikon Eclipse 80i microscope with phase contrast illumination (Nikon, To-
kyo, Japan). Drawings were made with the aid of a drawing tube. Microscopic features,
measurements and drawings were made from slide preparations stained with Cotton
Blue and Melzer’s Reagent. Spores were measured from sections cut from the tubes.
To present the variation of spore size, 5% of measurements were excluded from each
end of the range and are given in parentheses. e following abbreviations are used:
IKI=Melzer’s Reagent, IKI– = neither amyloid nor dextrinoid, KOH = 5% potassium
hydroxide, CB = Cotton Blue, CB– = acyanophilous, L = mean spore length (arith-
metic average of all spores), W = mean spore width (arithmetic average of all spores),
Q = variation in the L/W ratios between the specimens studied, n (a/b) = number of
basidiospores (a) measured from given number (b) of specimens.
DNA extraction and sequencing
A cetyltrimethylammonium bromide rapid plant genome extraction kit (Aidlab Bio-
technologies Co., Ltd, Beijing, China) was used to extract the total genomic DNA
from dried specimens according to the manufacturer’s instructions with some modi-
cations (Song and Cui 2017; Xing et al. 2018). e ITS regions were amplied with
the primer pairs ITS5 (GGA AGT AAA AGT CGT AAC AAG G) and ITS4 (TCC
TCC GCT TAT TGA TAT GC) (White et al. 1990). e nLSU regions were ampli-
ed with the primer pairs LR0R (ACC CGC TGA ACT TAA GC) and LR7 (TAC
TAC CAC CAA GAT CT) (http://www.biology.duke.edu/fungi/mycolab/primers.
htm). e nuSSU regions were amplied with the primer pairs NS1(CCG GAG AGG
GAG CCT GAG AAA C) and NS4 (CCC GTG TTG AGT CAA ATT A) (White et
al. 1990). e mtSSU regions were amplied with the primer pairs MS1 (CAG CAG
TCA AGA ATA TTA GTC AAT G) and MS2 (GCG GAT TAT CGA ATT AAA TAA
C) (White et al. 1990). RPB1 was amplied with the primer pairs RPB1-Af (GAR
TGY CCD GGD CAY TTY GG) and RPB1-Cr (CCN GCD ATN TCR TTR TCC

Meng Zhou et al. / MycoKeys 82: 173–197 (2021)
176
ATR TA) (Matheny et al. 2002). RPB2 was amplied with the primer pairs fRPB2-
5F (GAY GAY MGW GAT CAY TTY GG) and fRPB2-7CR (CCC ATR GCT TGY
TTR CCC AT) (Matheny 2005). TEF1 was amplied with the primer pairs EF1-
983F (GCY CCY GGH CAY CGT GAY TTY AT) and EF1-1567R (ACH GTR
CCR ATA CCA CCR ATC TT) (Rehner and Buckley 2005). e PCR procedure
followed that of Liu et al. (2019). e PCR products were puried with a Gel Extrac-
tion and PCR Purication Combo Kit (Spin-column) in Beijing Genomics Institute,
Beijing, P.R. China. e puried products were then sequenced on an ABI-3730-XL
DNA Analyzer (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA) using the same primers as
in the original PCR amplications. e sequence quality was checked following Nils-
son et al. (2012). All newly-generated sequences were submitted to GenBank and were
listed in Tables 1 and 2.
Phylogenetic analyses
New sequences, deposited in GenBank (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/) ( Ta-
ble 1), were aligned with additional sequences retrieved from GenBank (Table 1) using
BioEdit 7.0.5.3 (Hall 1999) and ClustalX 1.83 (ompson et al. 1997), followed by
manual adjustment. Sequence alignment was deposited at TreeBase (http://purl.org/
phylo/treebase/; submission ID 28131). In phylogenetic reconstruction, sequences of
Laetiporus zonatus B.K. Cui & J. Song, obtained from GenBank, were used as out-
groups in the phylogeny of Fomitopsis (Fig. 1) while sequences of Antrodia serpens (Fr.)
P. Karst. were used as outgroups in the phylogeny of Oligoporus (Fig. 2).
Maximum Parsimony (MP) analysis was applied to those two phylogenies and
trees construction procedure were performed in PAUP* version 4.0b10 (Swoord
2002). Settings for phylogenetic analyses in this study followed the approach of Zhu
et al. (2019) and Song and Cui (2017). All characters were equally weighted and gaps
were treated as missing data. Trees were inferred using the heuristic search option with
TBR branch swapping and 1000 random sequence additions. Max-trees were set to
5000, branches of zero length were collapsed and all parsimonious trees were saved.
Clade robustness was assessed using a bootstrap (BT) analysis with 1000 replicates
(Felsenstein 1985). Descriptive tree statistics tree length (TL), consistency index (CI),
retention index (RI), rescaled consistency index (RC) and homoplasy index (HI) were
calculated for each Maximum Parsimonious Tree (MPT) generated.
Maximum Likelihood (ML) analysis was conducted with RAxML-HPC252 on
Abe through the CIPRES Science Gateway (www.phylo.org) and involved 100 ML
searches. All model parameters were estimated by the programme. Only the best Maxi-
mum Likelihood tree from all searches was kept. e Maximum Likelihood bootstrap
values (ML-BS) were performed using a rapid bootstrapping with 1000 replicates. e
phylogenetic tree was visualised using Treeview (Page 1996).
MrModeltest 2.3 (Posada and Crandall 1998; Nylander 2004) was used to determine
the best-t evolution model for two combined matrices to reconstruct phylogenetic anal-
yses as a 6-gene dataset (ITS+nLSU+nuSSU+mtSSU+RPB2+TEF1) and a 7-gene dataset

Two new brown rot polypores from tropical China 177
Table 1. A list of species, specimens and GenBank accession numbers of sequences used in the phylogeny
of Fomitopsis.
Species Sample no. GenBank accessions References
ITS nLSU nuSSU mtSSU tef1 rpb2
Antrodia
heteromorpha
Dai 12755 KP715306 KP715322 KR605908 KR606009 KP715336 KR610828 Chen and Cui
(2015)
Antrodia serpens Dai 14850 MG787582 MG787624 MG787731 MG787674 MG787849 MG787798 Chen et al. (2018)
Buglossoporus
quercinus
JV 1406/1 KR605801 KR605740 KR605899 KR606002 KR610730 KR610820 Han et al. (2016)
Buglossoporus
quercinus
LY BR 2030 KR605799 KR605738 KR605897 KR606000 KR610728 KR610818 Han et al. (2016)
Daedalea quercina Dai 2260 KR605792 KR605731 KR605885 KR605988 KR610718 KR610808 Han et al. (2016)
Daedalea quercina Dai 12659 KP171208 KP171230 KR605887 KR605990 KR610719 KR610810 Han et al. (2015)
Fomitopsis
bambusae
Dai 22110 MW937874 MW937881 MW937867 MW937888 MZ082980 MZ082974 Present study
Fomitopsis
bambusae
Dai 22114 MW937875 MW937882 MW937868 MW937889 MZ082981 MZ082975 Present study
Fomitopsis
bambusae
Dai 22116 MW937876 MW937883 MW937869 MW937890 — — Present study
Fomitopsis
bambusae
Dai 21942 MW937873 MW937880 MW937866 MW937887 MZ082979 — Present study
Fomitopsis betulina Cui 10756 KR605797 KR605736 KR605894 KR605997 KR610725 KR610815 Han et al. (2016)
Fomitopsis betulina Dai 11449 KR605798 KR605737 KR605895 KR605998 KR610726 KR610816 Han et al. (2016)
Fomitopsis
bondartsevae
X 1207 JQ700277 JQ700277 — — — — Soares et al.
(2017)
Fomitopsis
bondartsevae
X 1059 JQ700275 JQ700275 — — — — Soares et al.
(2017)
Fomitopsis cana Cui 6239 JX435777 JX435775 KR605826 KR605934 KR610661 KR610761 Li et al. (2013)
Fomitopsis cana Dai 9611 JX435776 JX435774 KR605825 KR605933 KR610660 KR610762 Li et al. (2013)
Fomitopsis caribensis Cui 16871 MK852559 MK860108 MK860124 MK860116 MK900482 MK900474 Liu et al. (2019)
Fomitopsis durescens Overholts 4215 KF937293 KF937295 KR605835 KR605941 — — Han et al. (2014)
Fomitopsis durescens O 10796 KF937292 KF937294 KR605834 KR605940 KR610669 KR610766 Han et al. (2014)
Fomitopsis
eucalypticola
Cui 16594 MK852560 MK860110 MK860126 MK860118 MK900483 MK900476 Liu et al. (2019)
Fomitopsis
eucalypticola
Cui 16598 MK852562 MK860113 MK860129 MK860121 MK900484 MK900479 Liu et al. (2019)
Fomitopsis ginkgonis Cui 17170 MK852563 MK860114 MK860130 MK860122 MK900485 MK900480 Liu et al. (2019)
Fomitopsis ginkgonis Cui 17171 MK852564 MK860115 MK860131 MK860123 MK900486 MK900481 Liu et al. (2019)
Fomitopsis
hemitephra
O 10808 KR605770 KR605709 KR605841 KR605947 KR610675 — Han et al. (2016)
Fomitopsis iberica O 10810 KR605771 KR605710 KR605842 KR605948 KR610676 KR610771 Han et al. (2016)
Fomitopsis iberica O 10811 KR605772 KR605711 KR605843 —KR610677 KR610772 Han et al. (2016)
Fomitopsis meliae Dai 10035 KR605774 KR605713 KR605847 KR605952 KR610683 — Han et al. (2016)
Fomitopsis meliae Ryvarden 16893 KR605776 KR605715 KR605849 KR605954 KR610681 KR610775 Han et al. (2016)
Fomitopsis mounceae DR-366 KF169624 — — — KF178349 KF169693 Haight et al.
(2019)
Fomitopsis mounceae JAG-08-19 KF169626 — — — KF178351 KF169695 Haight et al.
(2019)
Fomitopsis nivosa JV 0509/52 X KR605779 KR605718 KR605853 KR605957 KR610686 KR610777 Han et al. (2016)
Fomitopsis nivosa Man 09 MF589766 MF590166 — — — — Liu et al. (2019)
Fomitopsis ochracea ss5 KF169609 — — — KF178334 KF169678 Haight et al.
(2016)
Fomitopsis ochracea ss7 KF169610 — — — KF178335 KF169679 Haight et al.
(2016)
Fomitopsis
ostreiformis
IRET 22 KY449363 — — — — — angamalai et al.
(2018)
Fomitopsis
ostreiformis
LDCMY 21 KY111252 — — — — — angamalai et al.
(2018)

Meng Zhou et al. / MycoKeys 82: 173–197 (2021)
178
(ITS+nLSU+nuSSU+mtSSU+RPB1+RPB2+TEF1) for Bayesian Inference (BI). Bayes-
ian Inference was calculated with MrBayes 3.2.6 (Ronquist et al. 2012), with a general
time reversible (GTR) model of DNA substitution and a gamma distribution rate vari-
ation across sites. Four Markov chains were run for two runs from random starting trees
for one million generations and trees were sampled every 100 generations. e burn-in
was set to discard 25% of the trees. A majority rule consensus tree of all remaining trees
was calculated. Branches that received bootstrap support for Maximum Parsimony (MP),
Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian Posterior Probabilities (BPP) greater than or
equal to 75% (MP and ML) and 0.95 (BPP) were considered as signicantly supported.
Results
Molecular phylogeny
e phylogeny of Fomitopsis, based on a combined 6-gene (ITS, nLSU, nuSSU,
mtSSU, RPB2, TEF1) dataset, included sequences from 64 fungal samples repre-
Species Sample no. GenBank accessions References
ITS nLSU nuSSU mtSSU tef1 rpb2
Fomitopsis palustris Cui 7597 KP171213 KP171236 KR605854 KR605958 KR610687 KR610778 Han et al. (2015)
Fomitopsis palustris Cui 7615 KR605780 KR605719 KR605855 KR605959 KR610688 KR610779 Han et al. (2015)
Fomitopsis pinicola Cui 10532 KP171214 KP171237 KR605858 KR605962 KR610691 KR610782 Han et al. (2015)
Fomitopsis pinicola Cui 10312 KR605781 KR605720 KR605856 KR605960 KR610689 KR610780 Han et al. (2016)
Fomitopsis roseoalba AS 1496 KT189139 KT189141 — — — — Tibpromma et al.
(2017)
Fomitopsis roseoalba AS 1566 KT189140 KT189142 — — — — Tibpromma et al.
(2017)
Fomitopsis schrenkii JEH-144 KF169621 — — — MK236355 MK208857 Haight et al.
(2019)
Fomitopsis schrenkii JEH-150 KF169622 — — — MK236356 MK208858 Haight et al.
(2019)
Fomitopsis
subtropica
Cui 10154 JQ067652 JX435773 — — — — Li et al. (2013)
Fomitopsis
subtropica
Cui 10578 KR605787 KR605726 KR605867 KR605971 KR610698 KR610791 Han et al. (2016)
Laetiporus zonatus Dai 13633 KX354481 KX354508 KX354547 KX354589 KX354635 KX354676 Jie and Cui (2017)
Laetiporus zonatus Cui 10404 KF951283 KF951308 KX354551 KX354593 KX354639 KT894797 Jie and Cui (2017)
Niveoporofomes
spraguei
JV 0509/62 KR605786 KR605725 KR605864 KR605968 KR610697 KR610788 Han et al. (2016)
Niveoporofomes
spraguei
4638 KR605784 KR605723 KR605862 KR605966 KR610696 KR610786 Han et al. (2016)
Rhodofomes rosea Cui 10633 KR605782 KR605721 KR605860 KR605964 KR610693 KR610784 Han et al. (2016)
Rhodofomes rosea JV 1110/9 KR605783 KR605722 KR605861 KR605965 KR610694 KR610785 Han et al. (2016)
Rhodofomitopsis feei Ryvarden 37603 KC844850 KC844855 KR605838 KR605944 KR610670 KR610768 Han and Cui
(2015)
Rhodofomitopsis feei Oinonen
6011906
KC844851 KC844856 KR605837 KR605943 KR610671 KR610767 Han and Cui
(2015)
Rubellofomes
cystidiatus
Cui 5481 KF937288 KF937291 KR605832 KR605938 KR610667 KR610765 Han et al. (2014)
Rubellofomes
cystidiatus
Yuan 6304 KR605769 KR605708 KR605833 KR605939 KR610668 — Han et al. (2016)

Two new brown rot polypores from tropical China 179
Figure 1. Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic tree of the new Fomitopsis species, based on multi-genes
sequences data. Branches are labelled with bootstrap values (MP/ML) higher than 50% and posterior
probabilities (BI) more than 0.90, respectively. Bold names: New species.

Meng Zhou et al. / MycoKeys 82: 173–197 (2021)
180
Table 2. A list of species, specimens and GenBank accession numbers of sequences used in the phylogeny
of Oligoporus.
Species Sample no. GenBank accessions References
ITS nLSU nuSSU mtSSU TEF1 RPB2 RPB1
Amaropostia
stiptica
Cui 10043 KX900906 KX900976 KX901119 KX901046 KX901219 KX901167 Shen et al.
(2019)
Amaropostia
stiptica
Cui 10981 KX900907 KX900977 KX901120 KX901047 KX901220 KX901168 Shen et al.
(2019)
Amylocystis
lapponica
HHB-13400 KC585237 KC585059 Ortiz-
Santana et al.
(2013)
Amylocystis
lapponica
OKM-4118 KC585238 KC585060 Ortiz-
Santana et al.
(2013)
Antrodia
serpens
Dai 7465 KR605813 KR605752 KR605913 KR606013 KR610742 KR610832 Han et al.
(2016)
Antrodia
serpens
Dai 14850 MG787582 MG787624 MG787731 MG787674 MG787849 MG787798 Chen et al.
(2018)
Calcipostia
guttulata
Cui 10028 KF727433 KJ684979 KX901139 KX901066 KX901277 KX901237 KX901182 Shen et al.
(2019)
Calcipostia
guttulata
KHL
11739(GB)
EU118650 EU118650 Larsson
direct
submission
Cyanosporus
caesius
Dai 12605 KX900883 KX900953 KX901096 KX901021 KX901206 KX901159 Shen et al.
(2019)
Cyanosporus
caesius
Dai 12974 KX900884 KX900954 KX901097 KX901022 KX901258 KX901207 KX901160 Shen et al.
(2019)
Cyanosporus
subcaesius
KA12-1375 KR673585 Kim et al.
(2015)
Cyanosporus
subcaesius
K(M)32713 AY599576 Yao et al.
(2005)
Cystidiopostia
hibernica
Cui 2658 KX900905 KX900975 KX901118 KX901045 KX901218 Shen et al.
(2019)
Cystidiopostia
hibernica
K(M)17352 AJ006665 Yao et al.
(2005)
Cystidiopostia
pileata
Cui 5721 KF699127 KX900960 KX901121 KX901049 KX901268 KX901221 KX901169 Shen et al.
(2019)
Cystidiopostia
pileata
Cui 10034 KX900908 KX900956 KX901122 KX901050 KX901269 KX901222 KX901170 Shen et al.
(2019)
Fuscopostia
duplicata
Cui 10366 KF699124 KJ684975 KR605927 KR606026 KR610755 KR610844 KX901173 Han et al.
(2016)
Fuscopostia
duplicata
Dai 13411 KF699125 KJ684976 KR605928 KR606027 KR610756 KR610845 KX901174 Han et al.
(2016)
Fuscopostia
fragilis
Cui 10020 KX900912 KX900982 KX901126 KX901054 KX901270 KX901226 Shen et al.
(2019)
Fuscopostia
fragilis
Cui 10088 KF699120 KJ684977 KX901127 KT893749 KT893745 Han et al.
(2016)
Oligoporus
podocarpi
Dai22042 MW937877 MW937884 MW937870 MW937891 MZ082982 MZ082976 MZ005579 Present
study
Oligoporus
podocarpi
Dai22043 MW937878 MW937885 MW937871 MW937892 MZ082983 MZ082977 MZ005580 Present
study
Oligoporus
podocarpi
Dai22044 MW937879 MW937886 MW937872 MW937893 MZ082984 MZ082978 MZ005581 Present
study
Oligoporus
rennyi
KEW 57 AY218416 AF287876 Ortiz-
Santana et al.
(2013)
Oligoporus
rennyi
MR 10497 JX090117 Ortiz-
Santana et al.
(2013)
Oligoporus
sericeomollis
Cui 9560 KX900919 KX900989 KX901140 KX901067 KX901183 Shen et
al.(2019)
Oligoporus
sericeomollis
Cui 9870 KX900920 KX900990 KX901141 KX901068 KX901184 Shen et al.
(2019)

Two new brown rot polypores from tropical China 181
senting 29 taxa. ey were downloaded from GenBank and generated in the pre-
sent study (Table 1). e dataset had an aligned length of 4718 characters, including
gaps (680 characters for ITS, 1343 characters for nLSU, 1013 characters for nuSSU,
547 characters for mtSSU, 648 characters for RPB2, 487 characters for TEF1), of
which 3346 characters were constant, 1860 were variable and parsimony-uninform-
ative, and 1212 were parsimony-informative. Maximum parsimony analysis yielded
one equally-parsimonious tree (TL = 3802, CI = 0.544, RI = 0.787, RC = 0.428,
HI = 0.456) and the MP tree is shown in Fig. 1. e best model for the combined
ITS+nLSU+nuSSU+mtSSU+RPB2+TEF1 sequence dataset was estimated and ap-
plied in the Bayesian analysis was GTR+I+G with equal frequency of nucleotides, lset
nst = 6 rates = invgamma; prset statefreqpr=dirichlet (1,1,1,1). Bayesian analysis re-
sulted in a concordant topology with an average standard deviation of split frequen-
cies=0.008975.
e phylogeny of Oligoporus, combined 7-gene (ITS, nLSU, nuSSU, mtSSU,
RPB1, RPB2, TEF1) dataset, included sequences from 43 fungal samples rep-
resenting 21 taxa. ey were downloaded from GenBank and generated in the
present study (Table 2). e dataset had an aligned length of 5772 characters,
Species Sample no. GenBank accessions References
ITS nLSU nuSSU mtSSU TEF1 RPB2 RPB1
Osteina
obducta
Cui 9959 KX900923 KX900993 KX901143 KX901070 KX901239 Shen et al.
(2019)
Osteina
obducta
Cui 10074 KX900924 KX900994 KX901144 KX901071 KX901240 Shen et al.
(2019)
Osteina
undosa
Dai 7105 KX900921 KX900991 KX901142 KX901069 KX901238 Shen et al.
(2019)
Osteina
undosa
L-10830 KC585396 KC585229 Ortiz-
Santana et al.
(2013)
Postia hirsuta Cui 11180 KJ684971 KJ684985 KX901039 Shen and
Cui (2014)
Postia hirsuta Cui 11237 kj684970 KJ684984 KX901113 KX901038 KX901266 Shen and
Cui (2014)
Postia lactea Cui 9319 KX900894 KX900964 KX901106 KX901031 KX901262 KX901213 KX901165 Shen et al.
(2019)
Postia lactea Cui 11511 KX900893 KX900963 KX901105 KX901030 KX901261 KX901212 KX901164 Shen et al.
(2019)
Postia lowei Cui 9585 KX900898 KX900968 KX901110 KX901035 Shen et al.
(2019)
Postia lowei X1373 KC595941 Ortiz-
Santana et al.
(2013)
Postia
ochraceoalba
Cui 10802 KM107903 KM107908 KX901115 KX901041 KX901216 Shen et al.
(2015)
Postia
ochraceoalba
Cui 10825 KM107902 KM107907 KX901114 KX901040 KX901215 Shen et al.
(2015)
Spongious
gloeoporus
Cui 9507 KM107901 KM107906 KX901132 KX901059 KX901231 Shen et al.
(2015)
Spongious
gloeoporus
Cui 10401 KX900915 KX900985 KX901133 KX901060 KX901232 Shen et al.
(2015)
Spongiporus
oriformis
Cui 10292 KM107899 KM107904 KX901131 KX901058 KX901274 KX901230 KX901178 Shen et al.
(2015)
Spongiporus
oriformis
Dai 13887 KX900914 KX900984 KX901130 KX901057 KX901273 KX901229 KX901177 Shen et al.
(2019)

Meng Zhou et al. / MycoKeys 82: 173–197 (2021)
182
including gaps (612 characters for ITS, 1302 characters for nLSU, 1009 characters
for nuSSU, 491 characters for mtSSU, 1231 characters for RPB1, 648 characters
for RPB2, 479 characters for TEF1), of which 4127 characters were constant, 129
Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic tree of the new Oligoporus species, based on multi-genes
sequences data. Branches are labelled with bootstrap values (MP/ML) higher than 50% and posterior
probabilities (BI) more than 0.90, respectively. Bold names: New species.

Two new brown rot polypores from tropical China 183
Table 3. A comparison of species in the Fomitopsis.
Species
Holotype
Basidiocarps
Pileal surface
Pore surface
Pore (per
mm.)
Hyphal
system
Cystidia/
cystidioles
Basidiospores
References
F. abieticola China Annual to
perennial;
pileate
Cream to
pinkish bu
Cream to
pinkish bu
when fresh,
becoming
bu to curry-
yellow when
dry
Round to
angular,
2–4
Trimitic Cystidia
absent; fusoid
cystidioles
occasionally
present,
17.5–50.2 ×
4.3–9.5 µm
Oblong-
ellipsoid to
ellipsoid, 7–9 ×
4–5 µm.
Liu et al.
(2021)
F. bambusae China Annual,
resupinate
to eused-
reexed or
pileate
Pluish grey
when fresh,
pale mouse-
grey to
greyish-sepia
when dry
Bluish-grey
to pale
mouse-grey
when fresh,
becoming
mouse-grey
to dark grey
when dry
Round
to
angular,
6–9
Dimitic Cystidia
absent; fusoid
cystidioles
present, 11–18
× 2.5–4 μm
Cylindrical
to oblong
ellipsoid,
4.2–6.1 ×
2–2.3 μm
Present
study
F. betulina Norway Annual;
pileate
Whitish to
mouse-coloured
or brownish
White to pale
brownish
Round to
angular,
3–5
Di-
trimitic
Absent Cylindrical,
slightly
allantoid, 5–6 ×
1.5–1.7 µm.
Ryvarden
and Melo
(2014)
F.
bondartsevae
Russia Annual;
eused-
reexed to
pileate
Round to
angular,
2–3
Trimitic Cystidia
absent; fusoid
cystidioles
present, 18–26
× 4.5–6 µm
Cylindrical,
6–7.2 ×
2.2–2.5µm.
Spirin
(2002)
F. cana China Annual;
resupinate
to eused-
reexed or
pileate
Pale mouse-grey
to dark grey,
azonate
Cream
to straw
coloured
turning
mouse-grey to
dark grey
Angular,
5–8
Trimitic Cystidia
absent; fusoid
cystidioles
occasionally
present, 9–16
× 3–5 µm
Cylindrical
to oblong
ellipsoid,5–6.2×
2.1–3 µm.
Li et al.
(2013)
F. caribensis Puerto
Rico.
Annual;
pileate,
sessile
White to cream
bu when fresh,
cream bu to
curry-yellow
at base
White
to cream
when fresh,
becoming
cream to
pinkish-bu
when dry
Round to
angular,
6–9
Dimitic Cystidia
absent; fusoid
cystidioles
occasional,
hyaline,
thin-walled,
12.5–23.5 ×
2.5–4 µm
Cylindrical
to oblong-
ellipsoid, 6–7.5
× 2.3–3.1 µm.
Liu et al.
(2019)
F. durescens USA Annual;
sessile
Cream coloured
to pale bu,
drying tan
White
to cream
coloured,
ochraceous on
drying
Round to
angular,
4–5
Trimitic Cystidia
absent; fusoid
cystidioles
present, 14–16
× 5–6 µm
Narrowly
cylindrical, 6–8
× 1.5–2.5 µm
Gilbertson
and
Ryvarden
(1986)
F.
eucalypticola
Australia Annual to
biennial;
eused-
reexed to
pileate
Cream to
salmon-
coloured when
young, straw
yellow to clay-
pink
Cream to
yellow when
fresh, bu
to clay-bu
when dry
Round to
angular,
3–5
Trimitic Cystidia
absent; fusoid
cystidioles
occasionally
present, 15–36
× 2–5.3 µm
Cylindrical
to oblong-
ellipsoid,
5.8–9.1 ×
2.7–5µm.
Liu et al.
(2019)
F. ginkgonis China Annual;
pileate,
imbricate
Dirty greyish-
brown to
mouse-grey
Pinkish-bu
to cinnamon-
bu
Round to
angular,
3–6
Trimitic Cystidia
absent; fusoid
cystidioles
occasionally
present,
12.5–27.6 ×
2.8–4.1 µm
Cylindrical,
7.2–9 ×
2.2–3µm.
Liu et al.
(2019)
F. hemitephra New
Zealand
Perennial;
solitary,
attached by a
broad lateral
base
Tobacco brown
or fuscous.
White or
straw to
isabelline
Round or
slightly
angular,
6–7
Trimitic Cystidia
absent;
cystidioles, 6–8
× 3.5–4 µm
Elliptic-
oblong, 4–6 ×
2–2.5µm.
Cunningham
(1965)

Meng Zhou et al. / MycoKeys 82: 173–197 (2021)
184
Species
Holotype
Basidiocarps
Pileal surface
Pore surface
Pore (per
mm.)
Hyphal
system
Cystidia/
cystidioles
Basidiospores
References
F.
hengduanensis
China Annual to
perennial;
pileate
Pale dark grey
to reddish-
brown at base
and cream
to esh-pink
towards the
margin
white to
cream
when fresh,
becoming
bu to straw-
yellow
Round to
angular,
6–8
Trimitic Cystidia
absent; fusoid
cystidioles
occasionally
present,
13.2–36.5 ×
2.5–5.4 µm
Oblong-
ellipsoid to
ellipsoid, 5.2–6
× 3.2–3.6 µm.
Liu et al.
(2021)
F. iberica Portugal Annual;
sessile,
dimidiate,
single or
imbricate
White to cream
when young.
drying honey-
coloured to
brown
Pale, white,
cream to
straw-
coloured
Round to
ellipsoid,
3–4 per
mm
Trimitic Cystidia
absent; pointed
cystidioles
present, 20–27
× 4–5–5 µm
Cylindrical
to distinctly
fusoid, 6–8 ×
2.8–3.7 µm.
Melo and
Ryvarden
(1989)
F. kesiyae Vietnam Annual;
pileate
Bu yellow to
orange-yellow
bu
White
to cream
when fresh,
olivaceous
bu to
cinnamon-
bu when dry
Round to
angular,
6–8
Dimitic Cystidia
absent; fusoid
cystidioles
occasionally
present,
11.5–30.4 ×
2.6–6 µm
Oblong-
ellipsoid to
ellipsoid,
4.8–5.3 ×
3–3.5µm.
Liu et al.
(2021)
F. massoniana China Annual;
eused-
reexed to
pileate
Bu-yellow to
apricot-orange
White to
cream when
fresh, cream
to bu
Round,
5–7
Dimitic Cystidia
absent; fusoid
cystidioles
occasionally
present,
14.8–36 ×
3.8–6 µm
Oblong-
ellipsoid,
6.2–7.3 ×
3.3–4µm.
Liu et al.
(2021)
F. meliae USA Annual or
biennial;
sessile, pilei
single to
imbricate,
dimidiate
Ivory to tan or
cinereous
Ochraceous Round to
angular,
5–7
Trimitic Cystidia
absent; fusoid
cystidioles
present, 15–23
× 4–5 µm
Cylindrical,
slightly
fusiform,
tapering to the
apex, 6–8 ×
2.5–3 µm.
Gilbertson
(1981)
F. mounceae Canada Perennial;
pileate
Brownish-
orange to black
at base and
pale orange to
greyish-orange
towards the
margin
Yellowish-
white,
greyish-
yellow,
pale orange
to light
ochraceous
bu, bright
reddish-
brown when
dry
Round,
3–5
Dimitic Cystidia
obclavate to
subfusiform
with subacute
or rounded
apices, 16–35
× 3–6.5 µm
Ellipsoid to
cylindrical,
5.8–6.6 ×
3.4–4µm.
Haight et al.
(2019)
F. nivosa Brazil Annual to
biennial;
sessile,
dimidiate,
single to
imbricate
Cream to pale
sordid brown
or tan
Cream to pale
sordid brown
or tan
Round to
angular,
6–8
Trimitic Cystidia
absent;
cystidioles
broadly
rounded,
subapically
contracted,
12–15 × 4–5
µm
Cylindrical,
6–9 – 2–3 µm
Gilbertson
and
Ryvarden
(1986)
F. ochracea Canada Perennial;
pileate
Brownish-grey
to greyish-
brown at base
and orange
white to pale
orange towards
the margin
Pale yellow,
pale orange,
light
ochraceous
bu, reddish-
brown when
dry
Round,
4–5
Trimitic Cystidia
absent; fusoid
cystidioles
occasionally
present, 20–40
× 4–6.5 µm
Broadly
ellipsoid,
5.1–5.9 ×
3.6–4µm.
Stokland and
Ryvarden
(2008);
Haight et al.
(2019)
F. ostreiformis Singapore Annual;
sessile or
euse-
reexed
Greyish pileal
surface
White or
greyish-white
Round to
angular,
3–4
Trimitic Cystidia
absent;
cystidioles
present, 10–17
× 2.8–4 µm
Cylindrical,
4.2–5.6 ×
1.4–2.6 pm
De (1981);
Hattori
(2003)

Two new brown rot polypores from tropical China 185
Species
Holotype
Basidiocarps
Pileal surface
Pore surface
Pore (per
mm.)
Hyphal
system
Cystidia/
cystidioles
Basidiospores
References
F. palustris USA Perennial;
sessile,
horizontal,
applanate
Dingy
ochraceous
to ochraceous
bu, suused
dingy
brownish-
vinaceous
Vinaceous
drab to
brownish-
vinaceous
but pallid
ochraceous
near the
margin
Angular,
7–9
Dimitic absent Cylindrical,
3.7–4.7 ×
2–2.5µm.
Corner
(1989);
Hattori
(2003)
F. pinicola Europe Perennial;
pileate
Brownish-
orange to black
at base and
bu-yellow
to cinnamon
towards the
margin
Cream
coloured
becoming
citric yellow
when bruised
Round,
4–6
Trimitic Cystidia
present, 18–90
× 3–9 µm
Cylindrical-
ellipsoid, 6–9 ×
3–4.5 µm.
Ryvarden
and Melo
(2014);
Haight et al.
(2019)
F. roseoalba Brazil Annual;
pileate,
resupinate
to eused-
reexed
White to pink
when fresh,
cream to
greyish when
dry
White to
cream when
fresh and
ochraceous
when dried
Round to
angular,
4–6
Trimitic absent Ellipsoid to
sub-cylindrical,
3–4.9 ×
1.8–2µm.
Tibpromma
et al. (2017)
F. schrenkii USA Perennial;
eused-
reexed to
pileate
Greyish-orange
to olive brown
at base and
greyish-orange
to greyish-
yellow towards
the margin
Pale yellow,
pale orange,
cream bu,
reddish-
brown when
dry
Round,
3–4
Dimitic Cystidia
cylindrical,
subulate, or
subfusiform
with subacute,
16–30 × 3–8
µm
Ellipsoid
to broadly
cylindrical,
5.7–6.7 ×
3.7–4.2 µm.
Haight et al.
(2019)
F. subpinicola China Annual;
pileate
Apricot-orange,
scarlet to
fuscous
White to
cream when
fresh, turning
bu yellow
to bu when
dry
Round,
6–8
Dimitic Cystidia
absent; fusoid
cystidioles
occasionally
present,
14.5–34.6 ×
3.2–7.2 µm
Oblong-
ellipsoid to
ellipsoid,
4.3–5.5 ×
2.7–3.3 µm.
Liu et al.
(2021)
F. subtropica China Annual;
resupinate
to eused-
reexed or
pileate
Straw-yellow
when young,
becoming pale
mouse-grey to
esh-pink with
age.
Cream
to straw
coloured or
pale pinkish
Angular,
6–9
Trimitic Cystidia
absent; fusoid
cystidioles
occasionally
present, 9–15
× 3–4 µm
Cylindrical
to oblong-
ellipsoid, 3.2–4
× 1.8–2.1 µm.
Li and Cui
(2013)
F.
tianshanensis
China Annual to
perennial;
eused-
reexed to
pileate
Dark bluish-
grey to
yellowish-
brown
Cream to
pinkish-bu
when fresh,
becoming
faint yellow
to light pink
when dry
Round to
angular,
1–3
Dimitic Cystidia
absent; fusoid
cystidioles
occasionally
present,
15.5–44 ×
3.3–6.5 µm
Oblong-
ellipsoid, 6.3–7
× 3.2–3.8 µm.
Liu et al.
(2021)
were variable and parsimony-uninformative and 1516 were parsimony informa-
tive. Maximum parsimony analysis yielded four equally-parsimonious trees (TL
= 3925, CI = 0.600, RI = 0.784, RC=0.471, HI = 0.400) and a strict consensus
tree of these trees is shown in Fig. 2. e best model for the combined ITS+nLSU
+nuSSU+mtSSU+RPB1+RPB2+TEF1 sequence dataset was estimated and applied
in the Bayesian analysis was GTR+I+G with equal frequency of nucleotides, lset
nst = 6 rates = invgamma; prset statefreqpr=dirichlet (1,1,1,1). Bayesian analysis
resulted in a concordant topology with an average standard deviation of split fre-
quencies = 0.008567.

Meng Zhou et al. / MycoKeys 82: 173–197 (2021)
186
In our phylogenies (Figs 1 and 2), ve samples on bamboo formed an independ-
ent lineage in the Fomitopsis s.s. clade with strong support (100% ML, 100% MP,
1.00 BPPs) and are distant from other taxa in the genus. Both morphology and rDNA
sequence data conrmed that the ve samples represent a new species in Fomitopsis.
Meanwhile, three samples on Podocarpus were nested in the Oligoporus s.s. clade and
formed an independent lineage with a robust support (100% ML, 100% MP, 1.00
BPPs). Both morphology and rDNA sequence data conrmed that the three samples
represent a new species in Oligoporus.
Taxonomy
Fomitopsis bambusae Y.C. Dai, Meng Zhou & Yuan Yuan, sp. nov.
MycoBank No: 839359
Figs 3, 4
Diagnosis. Fomitopsis bambusae is characterised by resupinate to eused-reexed or
pileate, soft corky basidiocarps with bluish-grey pores, small pores measuring 6–9 per
mm, cylindrical to oblong ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 4.2–6.1 × 2–2.3 µm and
growing on dead bamboo.
Type. C. Hainan, Haikou, Jinniuling Park, on dead bamboo, 18.XI.2020,
Yu-Cheng Dai leg., Dai 22116 (holotype BJFC036008).
Etymology. Bambusae (Lat.): refers to the species growing on bamboo.
Fruiting body. Basidiocarps annual, resupinate to eused-reexed or pileate,
separable from the substrate, without odour or taste and soft corky when fresh,
corky and light in weight when dry. Pilei semicircular, projecting up to 1 cm,
1.5cm wide and 5 mm thick at base; resupinate part up to 14 cm long, 6 cm wide
and 2 mm thick at centre. Pileal surface bluish-grey when fresh, pale mouse-grey
to greyish-sepia when dry, glabrous to slightly velutinate, rough, azonate; margin
acute, incurved when dry. Pore surface bluish-grey to pale mouse-grey when fresh,
becoming mouse-grey to dark grey when dry; sterile margin up to 1 mm wide; pores
round to angular, 6–9 per mm; dissepiments thin, entire. Context white to cream,
corky, up to 3.5 mm thick. Tubes paler than pore surface, corky, up to 1.5 mm long.
Hyphal structure. Hyphal system dimitic; generative hyphae bearing clamp con-
nections; skeletal hyphae IKI–, CB–; tissue unchanged in KOH.
Context. Generative hyphae hyaline, thin- to slightly thick-walled, occasionally
branched, 1.5–3 µm in diam.; skeletal hyphae dominant, hyaline, thick-walled with
a narrow lumen to subsolid, occasionally branched, interwoven, 2–4.5 µm in diam.
Tubes. Generative hyphae hyaline, thin- to slightly thick-walled, rarely branched,
1.5–2.5 µm in diam.; skeletal hyphae dominant, hyaline, thick-walled with a narrow
lumen to subsolid, occasionally branched, exuous, interwoven, 2–3 µm in diam. Cys-
tidia absent; fusoid cystidioles present, hyaline, thin-walled, 11–18×2.5–4 µm. Basid-
ia short clavate to barrel-shaped, bearing four sterigmata and a basal clamp connection,
13–19 × 4.5–5.5 µm; basidioles dominant, in shape similar to basidia, but smaller.

Two new brown rot polypores from tropical China 187
Spores. Basidiospores cylindrical to oblong ellipsoid, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth,
IKI–, CB–, (4–)4.2–6.1(–6.5) × (1.9–)2–2.3(–2.6) µm, L = 4.917 µm, W = 2.109 µm,
Q = 2.26–2.41 (n = 90/3).
Figure 3. Basidiocarps of Fomitopsis bambusae (holotype Dai 22116). Scale bar: 1.0 cm.

Meng Zhou et al. / MycoKeys 82: 173–197 (2021)
188
Type of rot. Brown rot.
Additional specimens (paratypes) examined. C. Hainan, Haikou,
Jinniuling Park, on dead bamboo, 7.XI.2020, Yu-Cheng Dai leg., Dai 21942
(BJFC035841), 18.XI.2020, Dai 22104 (BJFC035996), Dai 22110 (BJFC036002)
and Dai 22114 (BJFC036006).
Figure 4. Microscopic structures of Fomitopsis bambusae (drawn from the holotype) a basidiospores
b basidia c basidioles d cystidioles e hyphae from context f hyphae from trama.

Two new brown rot polypores from tropical China 189
Oligoporus podocarpi Y.C. Dai, Chao G. Wang & Yuan Yuan, sp. nov.
MycoBank No: 839360
Figs 5, 6
Diagnosis. Oligoporus podocarpi is characterised by soft fresh basidiocarps, becom-
ing rigid upon drying, a monomitic hyphal system with hyaline clamped generative
hyphae, the presence of apically encrusted cystidia, broadly ellipsoid to reniform, dex-
trinoid, cyanophilous basidiospores measuring 3.8–4.2 × 2–2.3 µm, and growing on
rotten wood of Podocarpus.
Type. C. Hainan, Changjiang, Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park,
Bawangling, rotten wood of Podocarpus imbricatus, 10.XI.2020, Yu-Cheng Dai leg.,
Dai 22042 (holotype BJFC035938).
Etymology. Podocarpi (Lat.): referring to the species growing on wood of Podocar-
pus imbricatus.
Fruiting body. Basidiocarps annual, resupinate, adnate, soft corky, with mush-
room odour when fresh, becoming rigid when dry, mild taste, up to 3 cm long,
2 cm wide and 2.3 mm thick at the centre. Pore surface snow white when fresh,
becoming cream to bu upon drying, somewhat glancing; sterile margin indistinct,
thinning out, up to 0.3 mm wide; pores round to angular, 5–6 per mm; dissepi-
ments thin, entire. Subiculum white, brous to soft corky when dry, up to 0.3 mm
thick. Tubes concolorous with the pore surface, hard corky to brittle when dry, up
to 2 mm long.
Hyphal structure. Hyphal system monomitic; generative hyphae with clamp con-
nections, smooth, hyaline, IKI–, CB–; tissues unchanged in KOH.
Subiculum. Generative hyphae thick-walled with a wide lumen, occasionally
branched, exuous, interwoven, 2.5–3.8 µm in diam.
Tubes. Generative hyphae thin- to thick-walled, occasionally branched, subparal-
lel along the tubes to loosely interwoven, 2–3.1 µm in diam. Cystidia present, ven-
tricose, very thick-walled, some apically encrusted. Basidia short clavate, sometimes
with an intermediate constriction, with four sterigmata and a basal clamp connection,
12.5–16 × 4–5 µm; basidioles in shape similar to basidia, but smaller.
Table 4. A comparison of species in the Oligoporus.
Species Basidiocarps Pore
( per
mm)
Pore surface Cystidia Cystidioles Basidiospores
size (μm)
Basidiospores
shape
Reference
Oligoporus
podocarpi
Resupinate Round
to
angular,
5–6
White to pale
cream
ick-walled with
apically encrusted
Absent 3.8–4.2 ×
2–2.5
Allantoid
to oblong
ellipsoid
Present study
O. rennyi Resupinate Angular,
2–4
White or cream,
then pale brown
Absent Absent 4.8–6 ×
2.5–3.5
Oblong
ellipsoid
Ryvarden and
Melo (2014);
Shen et al.
(2019)
O.
sericeomollis
Resupinate Round
and
angular,
4–6
White or
discoloured
yellowish or tan
ick-walled with
apically encrusted
Present,
thin-walled
4–5 × 2–2.5 Oblong
cylindrical to
ellipsoid
Ryvarden and
Melo (2014);
Shen et al.
(2019)

Meng Zhou et al. / MycoKeys 82: 173–197 (2021)
190
Spores. Basidiospores broadly ellipsoid to reniform, hyaline, thin- to slightly
thick-walled, smooth, often with one guttule, dextrinoid, CB+, (3.5–)3.8–4.2(–
4.5)×2–2.3(–2.5) µm, L = 3.98 µm, W = 2.14 µm, Q = 1.82–1.90 (n = 90/3).
Type of rot. Brown rot.
Additional specimens (paratypes) examined. C. Hainan, Changjiang,
Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park, Bawangling; rotten wood of Podocarpus im-
bricatus, 10.XI.2020, Yu-Cheng Dai leg., Dai 22043 (BJFC035939) and Dai 22044
(BJFC035940).
Discussion
In this study, two new species, Fomitopsis bambusae and Oligoporus podocarpi, are de-
scribed, based on morphological features and molecular data. e phylogenetic analy-
sis of Fomitopsis (Fig. 1), inferred from ITS+nLSU+nuSSU+mtSSU+PRB2+TEF1
sequences, provides strong support (100% ML, 100% MP, 1.00 BPPs) for the place-
ment of F. bambusae in Fomitopsis s.s. Besides, Fomitopsis bambusae formed a distinct
and independent lineage, which is clearly distinguishable phylogenetically from all
other known species of the genus. Fomitopsis roseoalba A.M.S. Soares and F. subtropica
B.K. Cui & Hai J. Li are potentially the most closely related. Meanwhile, F. roseoalba
is distinguished from F. bambusae by its larger pores (4–6 per mm vs. 6–9 per mm)
and smaller basidiospores (3–4.9 × 1.8–2 µm vs. 4.2–6.1 × 2–2.3 µm, Tibpromma
et al. 2017); F. subtropica is dierent from F. bambusae by smaller basidiospores (3.2–
4×1.8–2.1 µm vs. 4.2–6.1 × 2–2.3 µm, Li et al. 2013).
Morphologically, Fomitopsis bambusae, F. cana (Blume & T. Nees) Imazeki, F. car-
ibensis, F. hemitephra (Berk.) G. Cunn. and F. nivosa (Berk.) Gilb. & Ryvarden share ap-
proximately the same-sized pores (6–9 per mm). However, Fomitopsis cana diers from
F. bambusae by its trimitic hyphal system, slightly larger basidiospores (5–6.2×2.1–
3µm, L = 5.81 µm, W = 2.6 µm vs. 4.2–6.1 × 2–2.3 µm, L = 4.917 µm, W = 2.109µm)
and grows on angiosperm wood rather than bamboo (Li et al. 2013). Fomitopsis cariben-
sis diers from F. bambusae by larger basidiospores (6–7.5 × 2.3–3.1 µm vs. 4.2–6.1 ×
2–2.3 µm, Liu et al. 2019). Fomitopsis hemitephra is distinguished from F. bambusae by
its perennial habitat, woody hard basidiocarps (Cunningham 1965). Fomitopsis nivosa
diers from F. bambusae by having longer basidiospores (6–9× 2–3µm vs. 4.2–6.1
×2–2.3 µm, Gilbertson and Ryvarden 1986). In addition, Fomitopsis bambusae may be
confused with F. ostreiformis (Berk.) T. Hatt. in having similar-sized basidiospores and
also growing on bamboo, but F. ostreiformis diers from F. bambusae by the larger pores
(3–4 per mm vs. 6–9 per mm) and trimitic hyphal system (De 1981).
Our phylogeny of Oligoporus (Fig. 2), based on ITS+nLSU+nuSSU+mtSSU+PR
B1+PRB2+TEF1 sequence, demonstrated Oligoporus s.s. formed a monophyletic line-
age with a robust rating (100% ML, 100% MP, 1.00 BPPs), which is distant from
Postia s.s. ough Oligoporus and Postia are similar to each other in morphological
characteristics, some signicant dierences remain. For instance, Postia s.s. has euse-

Two new brown rot polypores from tropical China 191
reexed to pileate basidiocarps, thin-walled and acyanophilous basidiospores (Donk
1971; Ryvarden and Melo 2014; Shen et al. 2019), while Oligoporus s.s. has resupi-
nate basidiocarps, slightly thick-walled and cyanophilous basidiospores (Shen et al.
Figure 5. Basidiocarps of Oligoporus podocarpi (holotype Dai 22042). Scale bar: 1.0 cm.

Meng Zhou et al. / MycoKeys 82: 173–197 (2021)
192
2019). Phylogenetically, Oligoporus podocarpi is nested in the Oligoporus s.s. clade with
a strong support (100% ML, 100% MP, 1.00 BPPs) and related to O. rennyi (Berk.
& Broome) Donk and O. sericeomollis (Romell) Bondartseva (Fig. 2). ese three spe-
cies, representing Oligoporus s.s., have resupinate basidiocarps, white to cream pore
Figure 6. Microscopic structures of Oligoporus podocarpi (drawn from the holotype) a basidiospores
b Basidia and basidioles c cystidia d hyphae from subiculum e hyphae from trama.

Two new brown rot polypores from tropical China 193
surface and thick-walled, dextrinoid, cyanophilous basidiospores. However, Oligoporus
rennyi diers from O. podocarpi in the very fragile dry basidiocarps, the lack of cys-
tidia and the presence of chlamydospores (Donk 1971; Ryvarden and Melo 2014).
Oligoporus sericeomollis is dierent from O. podocarpi by fragile dry basidiocarps, longer
basidiospores (4–5 × 2–2.5 µm vs. 3.8–4.2×2–2.3 µm) and the extremely bitter taste
(Núñez and Ryvarden 2001; Ryvarden and Melo 2014). Mophologically, Oligoporus
podocarpi is similar to Postia simanii (Pilát) Jülich, Cystidiopostia hibernica (Berk. &
Broome) B.K. Cui, L.L. Shen & Y.C. Dai and Rhodonia rancida (Bres.) B.K. Cui, L.L.
Shen & Y.C. Dai by resupinate basidiocarps, white to cream pore surface (Jülich 1982;
Núñez and Ryvarden 2001; Ryvarden and Melo 2014; Shen et al. 2019). However,
Postia simanii has smaller pores (6–8 per mm) and allantoid, thin-walled basidiospores
measuring 4–5.3 × 0.8–1.2 µm (Jülich 1982; Ryvarden and Melo 2014). Cystidiopostia
hibernica and Rhodonia rancida are dierent from Oligoporus podocarpi by larger pores
(2–3 per mm in C. hibernica, 2–4 per mm in R. rancida) and allantoid, thin-walled
basidiospores (4.3–6 × 1.4–1.9 µm in C. hibernica, 5–7 × 2–2.5 µm in R. rancida)
(Ryvarden and Melo 2014; Shen et al. 2019).
Acknowledgements
e research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Pro-
ject No. 32000010).
References
Binder M, Hibbett DS, Larsson KH, Larsson E, Langer E, Langer G (2005) e phyloge-
netic distribution of resupinate forms across the major clades of mushroom forming fungi
(Homobasidiomycetes). Systematics Biodiversity 3: 113–157. https://doi.org/10.1017/
S1477200005001623
Binder M, Justo A, Riley R, Salamov A, López-Giráldez F, Sjökvist E, Copeland A, Foster B,
Sun H, Larsson E, Larsson KH, Townsend J, Grigoriev IV, Hibbett DS (2013) Phyloge-
netic and phylogenomic overview of the Polyporales. Mycologia 105: 1350–1373. https://
doi.org/10.3852/13-003
Brefeld O (1888) Basidiomyceten 3. Autobasidiomyceten. Untersuchungen aus dem Gesam-
mtgebiete der Mykologie 8: 1–184.
Chen YY, Wu F, Wang M, Cui BK (2017) Species diversity and molecular systematics of Fi-
broporia (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) and its related genera. Mycological Progress 16:
521–533. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-017-1285-1
Corner EJH (1989) Ad Polyporaceas V. Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia 96: 1–218.
Cui BK, Li HJ, Ji X, Zhou JL, Song J, Si J, Dai YC (2019) Species diversity, taxonomy and phy-
logeny of Polyporaceae (Basidiomycota) in China. Fungal Diversity 97: 137–302. https://
doi.org/10.1007/s13225-019-00427-4

Meng Zhou et al. / MycoKeys 82: 173–197 (2021)
194
Cui BK, Vlasák J, Dai YC (2014) e phylogenetic position of Osteina obducta (Polyporales,
Basidiomycota) based on samples from Northern Hemisphere. Chiang Mai Journal of Sci-
ence 41: 838–845.
Cunningham GH (1965) Polyporaceae of New Zealand. Bulletin of the New Zealand De-
partment of Scientic and Industrial Research 164: 1–304. https://doi.org/10.1017/
S0267190500002877
Dai YC (2012) Polypore diversity in China with an annotated checklist of Chinese polypores.
Mycoscience 53: 49–80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10267-011-0134-3
Dai YC, Wei YL, Zhou LW (2015) Polypore richness along an elevational gradient: A case study
in Changbaishan Nature Reserve, Northeastern China. Fungal Ecology 13: 226–228.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2014.07.002
De AB (1981) Taxonomy of Polyporus ostreiformis in relation to its morphological and cultural
characters. Canadian Journal of Botany-revue Canadienne de Botanique 59: 1297–1300.
https://doi.org/10.1139/b81-174
Donk MA (1960) e generic names proposed for Polyporaceae. Persoonia 1: 173–302.
Donk MA (1971) Notes on European polypores 8. Persoonia 6: 201–218.
Felsenstein J (1985) Condence intervals on phylogenetics: An approach using the bootstrap.
Evolution 39: 783–791. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1985.tb00420.x
Floudas D, Hibbett DS (2015) Revisiting the taxonomy of Phanerochaete (Polyporales, Ba-
sidiomycota) using a four gene dataset and extensive ITS sampling. Fungal Biology 119:
679–719. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2015.04.003
Gilbertson RL (1981) North American wood-rotting fungi that cause brown rots. Mycotaxon
12: 372–416. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00575090
Gilbertson RL, Ryvarden L (1986) North American polypores 1. Abortiporus – Lindtneria.
Fungiora, Oslo.
Gilbertson RL, Ryvarden L (1987) North American Polypores 2. Megasporoporia – Wrightopo-
ria. Fungiora, Oslo.
Haight JE, Laursen GA, Glaeser JA, Taylor DL (2016) Phylogeny of Fomitopsis pinicola: A spe-
cies complex. Mycologia 108: 925–938. https://doi.org/10.3852/14-225R1
Haight JE, Nakasone KK, Laursen GA, Redhead SA, Taylor DL, Glaesera JA (2019) Fomitopsis
mounceae and F. schrenkii – two new species from north America in the F. pinicola complex.
Mycologia 111: 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2018.1564449
Hall TA (1999) Bioedit: A user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis pro-
gram for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series 41: 95–98. https://doi.
org/10.1021/bk-1999-0734.ch008
Han ML, Chen YY, Shen LL, Song J, Vlasák J, Dai YC, Cui BK (2016) Taxonomy and phy-
logeny of the brown-rot fungi: Fomitopsis and its related genera. Fungal Diversity 80: 343–
373. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-016-0364-y
Hattori T (2003) Type studies of the polypores described by E.J.H. Corner from Asia and West
Pacic Areas. V. Species described in Tyromyces (2). Mycoscience 44: 265–276. https://
doi.org/10.1007/S10267-003-0114-3
Jülich W (1981) Higher taxa of Basidiomycetes. Bibliography of Systematic Mycology 85:
1–485.

Two new brown rot polypores from tropical China 195
Jülich W (1982) Notes on some Basidiomycetes (Aphyllophorales and Heterobasidiomycetes).
Persoonia 11: 421–428.
Justo A, Miettinen O, Floudas D, Ortiz-Santana B, Sjökvist E, Lindner D, Nakasone K,
Niemelä T, Larsson KH, Ryvarden L, Hibbett DS (2017) A revised family-level classi-
cation of the Polyporales (Basidiomycota). Fungal Biology 121: 798–824. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.funbio.2017.05.010
Karsten PA (1881) Symbolae ad mycologiam Fennicam. 8. Meddelanden af Societas pro Fauna
et Flora Fennica 6: 7–13.
Kim CS, Jo JW, Kwag YN, Lee S-g, Kim S-Y, Shin C-H, Han S-K (2015) Mushroom ora of
Ulleung-gun and a newly recorded Bovista species in the Republic of Korea. Mycobiology
43: 239–257. https://doi.org/10.5941/MYCO.2015.43.3.239
Li HJ, Han ML, Cui BK (2013) Two new Fomitopsis species from southern China based on
morphological and molecular characters. Mycological Progress 12: 709–718. https://doi.
org/10.1007/s11557-012-0882-2
Liu S, Han ML, Xu TM, Wang Y, Wu DM, Cui BK (2021) Taxonomy and phylogeny of the
Fomitopsis pinicola Complex with descriptions of six new species from East Asia. Frontiers
in Microbiology 12: e644979. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.644979
Liu S, Song CG, Cui BK (2019) Morphological characters and molecular data reveal three new
species of Fomitopsis (Basidiomycota). Mycological Progress 18: 1317–1327. https://doi.
org/10.1007/s11557-019-01527-w
Matheny PB (2005) Improving phylogenetic inference of mushrooms with RPB1 and RPB2
nucleotide sequences (Inocybe, Agaricales). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 35:
1–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2004.11.014
Matheny PB, Liu YJ, Ammirati JF, Hall BD (2002) Using RPB1 sequences to improve phy-
logenetic inference among mushrooms (Inocybe, Agaricales). American Journal of Botany
89: 688–698. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.89.4.688
Melo I, Ryvarden L (1989) Fomitopsis iberica Melo & Ryvarden sp. nov. Boletim da Sociedade
Broteriana 62: 227–230.
Nilsson RH, Tedersoo L, Abarenkov K, Ryberg M, Kristiansson E, Hartmann M, Schoch CL,
Nylander JAA, Bergsten J, Porter TM, Jumpponen A, Vaishampayan P, Ovaskainen O,
Hallenberg N, Bengtsson-Palme J, Eriksson KM, Larsson KH, Larsson E, Kõljalg U (2012)
Five simple guidelines for establishing basic authenticity and reliability of newly generated
fungal ITS sequences. MycoKeys 4: 37–63. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.4.3606
Núñez M, Ryvarden L (2001) East Asian Polypores, Synopsis Fungorum 14, vol 2. Fungiora,
Oslo, Norway, 229–231.
Nylander JAA (2004) MrModeltest v.2. Program distributed by the author. Evolutionary Biol-
ogy Centre, Uppsala University.
Ortiz-Santana B, Lindner DL, Miettinen O, Justo A, Hibbett DS (2013) A phylogenetic over-
view of the Antrodia clade (Basidiomycota, Polyporales). Mycologia 105: 1391–1411.
https://doi.org/10.3852/13-051
Page RMD (1996) Treeview: An application to display phylogenetic trees on personal com-
puters. Computer Applications in the Biosciences 12: 357–358. https://doi.org/10.1093/
bioinformatics/12.4.357

Meng Zhou et al. / MycoKeys 82: 173–197 (2021)
196
Pegler DN, Saunders EM (2014) British poroid species formerly placed in the genus Tyromyces
(Coriolaceae). Mycologist 8: 24–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-915X(09)80678-2
Petersen JH (1996) Farvekort. e Danish Mycological Society’s color-chart. Foreningen til
Svampekundskabens Fremme, Greve.
Pildain MB, Rajchenberg M (2013) e phylogenetic position of Postia s.l. (Polyporales, Basidiomy-
cota) from Patagonia, Argentina. Mycologia 105: 357–367. https://doi.org/10.3852/12-088
Posada D, Crandall KA (1998) Modeltest: Testing the model of DNA substitution. Bioinfor-
matics 14: 817–818. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/14.9.817
Rehner SA, Buckley E (2005) A Beauveria phylogeny inferred from nuclear ITS and EF1-alpha
sequences: Evidence for cryptic diversication and links to Cordyceps teleomorphs. Myco-
logia 97: 84–98. https://doi.org/10.3852/mycologia.97.1.84
Renvall P (1992) Basidiomycetes at the timberline in Lapland 4. Postia lateritian. sp. and its
rust-coloured relatives. Karsternia 32: 43–60. https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.1992.291
Ronquist F, Teslenko M, van der Mark P, Ayres DL, Darling A, Hőhna S, Larget B, Liu L,
Suchard MA, Huelsenbeck JP (2012) MrBayes 3.2: Ecient Bayesian phylogenetic in-
ference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic Biology 61: 539–542.
https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029
Ryvarden L (1981) Type studies in the Polyporaceae13. Species described by J.H. Léveillé.
Mycotaxon 13: 175–186.
Ryvarden L (1991) Genera of polypores, nomenclature and taxonomy. Synopsis Fungorum 5:
1–363.
Ryvarden L, Gilbertson RL (1993) European polypores 1. Abortiporus-Lindtneria. Synopsis
Fungorum 6: 1–387.
Ryvarden L, Melo I (2014) Poroid fungi of Europe. Synopsis Fungorum 31: 1–455.
Shen LL, Wang M, Zhou JL, Xing JH, Cui BK, Dai YC (2019) Taxonomy and phylogeny of
Postia. Multi-gene phylogeny and taxonomy of the brown-rot fungi: Postia (Polyporales,
Basidiomycota) and related genera. Persoonia 42: 101–126. https://doi.org/10.3767/per-
soonia.2019.42.05
Soares AM, Nogueira-Melo G, Plautz Jr HL, Gibertoni TB (2017) A new species, two new
combinations and notes on Fomitopsidaceae (Agaricomycetes, Polyporales). Phytotaxa
331: e75. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.331.1.5
Song J, Cui BK (2017) Phylogeny, divergence time and historical biogeography of Laetipo-
rus (Basidiomycota, Polyporales). BMC Evolutionary Biology 17: e102. https://doi.
org/10.1186/s12862-017-0948-5
Spirin VA (2002) e new species from the genus Antrodia. Mikologiya i topatologiya 36: 33–35.
Swoord DL (2002) PAUP*: Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (*and other methods). Ver-
sion 4.0b10. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0014-3820.2002.
tb00191.x
angamalai MS, Alwin P, Packiaraj J, Rajaiah S (2018) Bioprospection of Basidiomycetes and
molecular phylogenetic analysis using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and 5.8S rRNA gene
sequence. Scientic Reports 8: e10720. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-29046-w
ompson JD, Gibson TJ, Plewniak F, Franois J, Higgins DG (1997) e CLUSTAL X
windows interface: Flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality

Two new brown rot polypores from tropical China 197
analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series 25: 4876–4882. https://doi.org/10.1093/
nar/25.24.4876
Tibpromma S, Hyde KD, Jeewon R, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Liu JK, Bhat DJ, Jones EBG,
McKenzie EHC, Camporesi E, Bulgakov TS, Doilom M, Santiago ALCMA, Das K, Mani-
mohan P, Gibertoni TB, Lim YW, Ekanayaka AH, ongbai B, Lee HB, Yang JB, Kirk PM,
Sysouphanthong P, Singh SK, Boonmee S, Dong W, Raj KNA, Latha KPD, Phookamsak
R, Phukhamsakda C, Konta S, Jayasiri SC, Norphanphoun C, Tennakoon DS, Li J, Da-
yarathne MC, Perera RH, Xiao Y, Wanasinghe DN, Senanayake IC, Goonasekara ID, Silva
NI, Mapook A, Jayawardena RS, Dissanayake AJ, Manawasinghe IS, Chethana KWT, Luo
ZL, Hapuarachchi KK, Baghela A, Soares AM, Vizzini A, Ottoni AM, Mešic A, Dutta AK,
Souza CAF, Richter C, Lin CG, Chakrabarty D, Daranagama DA, Chakraborty DXLD,
Ercole E, Wu F, Simonini G, Vasquez G, Silva GA, Plautz Jr HL, Ariyawansa HA, Lee
H, Kušan I, Song J, Sun J, Karmakar J, Hu K, Semwal KC, ambugala KM, Voigt K,
Acharya K, Rajeshkumar KC, Ryvarden L, Jadan M, Hosen MI, Mikšík M, Samarakoon
MC, Wijayawardene NN, Kim NK, Matočec N, Singh PN, Tian Q, Bhatt RP, Oliveira
RJV, Tulloss RE, Aamir S, Kaewchai S, Marathe SD, Khan S, Hongsanan S, Adhikari
S, Mehmood T, Bandyopadhyay TK, Svetasheva TY, Nguyen TTT, Antonín V, Li WJ,
Wang Y, Indoliya Y, Tkalčec Z, Elgorban AM, Bahkali AH, Tang AMC, Su HY, Zhang H,
Promputtha I, Luangsa-ard J, Xu J, Yan J, Kang JC, Stadler M, Mortimer PE, Chomnunti
P, Zhao Q, Phillips AJL, Nontachaiyapoom S, Wen TC, Karunarathna SC (2017) Fungal
diversity notes 491–602: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa. Fungal
Diversity 83: 1–261. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-017-0378-0
Walker J (1996) An opinion on the validity of the generic name Postia Fries 1874 (Eumycota:
Aphyllophorales). Australasian Mycological Society Newsletter 15: 23–26.
White TJ, Bruns T, Lee S, Taylor J (1990) Amplication and direct sequencing of fungal ri-
bosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: InnisMA, Gelfand DH, Sninsky JJ, White
TJ (Eds) PCR protocols: A guide to methods and applications. Academic, San Diego,
315–322.
Wu F, Yuan HS, Zhou LW, Yuan Y, Cui BK, Dai YC (2020) Polypore diversity in South China.
Mycosystema 39: 653–681.
Xing JH, Sun YF, Han YL, Cui BK, Dai YC (2018) Morphological and molecular identica-
tion of two new Ganoderma species on Casuarina equisetifolia from China. MycoKeys 34:
93–108. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.34.22593
Yao YJ, Pegler DN, Chase MW (2005) Molecular variation in the Postia caesia complex. FEMS
Microbiology Letters 242: 109–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.femsle.2004.10.046
Zhang DZ (2003) ree brown rot polypores new to Taiwan and their cultural studies. Taiwania
48: 1–5. https://doi.org/10.6165/tai.2003.48(1).1
Zhou LW, Dai YC (2012) Recognizing ecological patterns of wood-decaying polypores on gym-
nosperm and angiosperm trees in northeast China. Fungal Ecology 5: 230–235. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2011.09.005
Zhu L, Ji X, Si J, Cui BK (2019) Morphological characters and phylogenetic analysis reveal a
new species of Phellinus with hooked hymenial setae from Vietnam. Phytotaxa 1: 91–99.
https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.356.1.8