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Novel ketogenic diet formulation improves sucrose‐induced insulin resistance in canton strain Drosophila melanogaster

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Journal of Food Biochemistry
Authors:
Omowumi T Kayode at Mountain Top University
Omowumi T Kayode
Rotimi Damilare at Landmark University
Rotimi Damilare
Elizabeth Okoh at Landmark University
Elizabeth Okoh
Matthew Iyobhebhe
Matthew Iyobhebhe
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Abstract and Figures

This study investigates the antidiabetic effect of a ketogenic diet (KD) on sucrose-induced insulin resistance in the fruit fly model. The fruit flies were divided and grouped into four: Group A, B, C, and D, representing the control, high-sucrose diet (HSD), KD, and HSD + KD, respectively. The administration of the various treatments to the groups proceeded for 7 days. The flies were thereafter immobilized, homogenized, and the homogenates used for biochemical parameters determination. This includes glucose concentration, antioxidant status, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and protein concentration. There was a significant increase (p < .05) in weight gain, glucose concentration, TG, HMG-CoA reductase activity, TC, and lipid peroxidation status of the HSD group compared with the control and KD groups. The antioxidant enzymes measured (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and reduced glutathione) and protein concentrations were repressed significantly (p < .05) in the HD groups but significantly elevated (p < .05) in the KD, HSD + KD, and the control groups. The KD improved biochemical parameters altered during the onset of sucrose-induced insulin resistance. With further research on this, KD may emerge as the much-awaited treatment option for diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) with almost reduced toxicity concerns. Practical applications Novel KD are sources of dietary phytocompounds with proven antioxidant activities. The antidiabetic activity of the KD was investigated. The results showed that the KD proves to serve as a better effective antidiabetic option in Drosophila melanogaster. The observed results could provide the potential application of the KD as an alternative therapy for diabetes management.
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J Food Biochem. 2021;45:e13907. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/jfbc  
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 1 of 6
https://doi.org/10.1111/jc.13907
© 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Received:9June2021 
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  Revised:6A ugust2021 
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  Accepted:7August2021
DOI: 10.1111/jfbc .13907
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Novel ketogenic diet formulation improves sucrose- induced
insulin resistance in canton strain Drosophila melanogaster
Omowumi T. Kayode1 | Damilare Rotimi2 | Elizabeth Okoh2 |
Matthew Iyobhebhe2 | Abolanle A. A. Kayode3 | Oluwafemi Adeleke Ojo2
1Biochemistr y Unit, Depar tment of
Biological Sciences, Mountain Top
University, Prayercity, Ogun State, Nigeria
2Medicinal Biochemistry and Molecular
Toxicology Group, Department of
Biochemistr y, Landmark University, Omu-
Aran,N igeria
3Department of Biochemistry, Benjamin
Carson School of Medicine, Babcock
University, Ilishan Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
Correspondence
OluwafemiAdelekeOjo,Me dicinal
Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology
Group, Department of Biochemistry,
Landm arkUniversit y,Omu-Aran,Niger ia.
Email: oluwafemiadeleke08@gmail.com
Funding information
This study did not receive any external
funding whatsoever.
Abstract
This study investigates the antidiabetic effect of a ketogenic diet (KD) on sucrose-
induced insulin resistance in the fruit fly model. The fruit flies were divided and
groupedintofour:GroupA,B,C,andD,representingthecontrol,high-sucrosediet
(HSD), KD, and HSD + KD, respectively. The administration of the various treatments
to the groups proceeded for 7 days. The flies were thereafter immobilized, homog-
enized, and the homogenates used for biochemical parameters determination. This
includes glucose concentration, antioxidant status, 3- hydroxy- 3- methylglutaryl co-
enzyme A(HMG-CoA)reductase,totalcholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),and pro-
tein concentration. There was a significant increase (p < .05) in weight gain, glucose
concentration,TG,HMG-CoAreductaseactivity,TC,andlipidperoxidationstatusof
the HSD group compared with the control and KD groups. The antioxidant enzymes
measured (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and reduced glutathione) and protein con-
centrations were repressed significantly (p < .05) in the HD groups but significantly
elevated (p < .05) in the KD, HSD + KD, and the control groups. The KD improved
biochemical parameters altered during the onset of sucrose- induced insulin resist-
ance. With further research on this, KD may emerge as the much- awaited treatment
option for diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) with almost reduced toxicity concerns.
Practical applications
Novel KD are sources of dietary phytocompounds with proven antioxidant activities.
The antidiabetic activity of the KD was investigated. The results showed that the KD
proves to serve as a better effective antidiabetic option in Drosophila melanogaster.
The observed results could provide the potential application of the KD as an alterna-
tive therapy for diabetes management.
KEY WORDS
Drosophila melanogaster, glucose intolerance, high sucrose diet, insulin resistance, ketogenic
diet, type- 2 diabetes mellitus
... This was prepared according to the method of Kayode [24] with slight modifications. Fish powder (5.2 g), Food binder (5.2 g), Coconut oil (4 mL), Yeast (5.2 g), and Cabbage flour (104 g), were measured and added to boiling 1000 mL of water and allowed to cook for 5 min, 1 g of Nipagin dissolved in ethanol was added and mixed thoroughly, it was thereafter poured into clean glass vials and allowed to cool before administration to the flies. ...
... The High Sugar Diet was prepared according to Kayode [24] from Corn meal medium (basal diet/control diet) containing Agar (1% w/v), Brewer's yeast (1% w/v), and Nipagin (0.08% v/w). Sucrose (0.25 M, 50% v/w) was added to 1.8 g of basal diet mixed thoroughly into clean glass vials and allowed to cool before administrations to the flies. ...
... The Tomato Powder Diet was prepared according to Kayode [24] with slight modification from the corn meal medium (basal diet/control diet).containing Agar (1% w/v), Brewer's yeast (1% w/v), and Nipagin (0.08% v/w). ...
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