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Revisión de los registros y subespecies del halcón peregrino Falco peregrinus Tunstall, 1771 en Uruguay
Abstract and Figures
In this review we analyze the tangible records of museum collections and photographs of the presence of the peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) in Uruguay. The presence of the sub-species Falco peregrinus tundrius, migratory from North America and the subspecies Falco peregrinus cassini migratory from the southernmost regions of Chile and Argentina areas observed. The tundrius form seems to be a relatively frequent non-reproductive summer visitor although scarce, whereas cassini is an occasional visitor, less frequent than the former. Diagnostic characters are enunciated to discriminate between these subspecies and the characteristics of the form F. p. anatum of the United States are described. The potential presence of some individuals products of mixtures of different subspecies during the campaign of reintroduction of the peregrine falcon during the decade of the '80s in the United States is discussed. This mixed population has all the characteristics of F. p. anatum, but it is more migratory than the original subspecies, so it migrates as far south Rio Grande do Sul state (Brazil) and therefore could be recorded in Uruguay.
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This study investigates the aerodynamics of the falcon Falco peregrinus while diving. During a dive peregrines can reach velocities of more than 320 km h(-1). Unfortunately, in freely roaming falcons, these high velocities prohibit a precise determination of flight parameters such as velocity and acceleration as well as body shape and wing contour. Therefore, individual F. peregrinus were trained to dive in front of a vertical dam with a height of 60 m. The presence of a well-defined background allowed us to reconstruct the flight path and the body shape of the falcon during certain flight phases. Flight trajectories were obtained with a stereo high-speed camera system. In addition, body images of the falcon were taken from two perspectives with a high-resolution digital camera. The dam allowed us to match the high-resolution images obtained from the digital camera with the corresponding images taken with the high-speed cameras. Using these data we built a life-size model of F. peregrinus and used it to measure the drag and lift forces in a wind-tunnel. We compared these forces acting on the model with the data obtained from the 3-D flight path trajectory of the diving F. peregrinus. Visualizations of the flow in the wind-tunnel uncovered details of the flow structure around the falcon's body, which suggests local regions with separation of flow. High-resolution pictures of the diving peregrine indicate that feathers pop-up in the equivalent regions, where flow separation in the model falcon occurred.
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