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Ecotourism of the Special Nature Reserve "Deliblatska Peščara" in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic

Authors:
  • College of Tourism and Balkan Network of Tourism Experts, Belgrade

Abstract

As potentially significant factors of ecotourism development of the Special Nature Reserve "Deliblatska Peščara" are endemic flora and fauna, diverse ecosystem, Ramsar habitats, legal legislation regulating protection, the rich socio-cultural heritage of the local community, the existence of protection zones within the area and other factors. Deliblato sands are characterized by a very rare dune relief, which is characteristic only for this protected area. Sand, which is a significant component of the soil here, has influenced the development of special flora and fauna, some of which are endemic and cannot be found in other protected natural areas. In addition to natural, very important factors for the development of ecotourism are socio-cultural values. There are numerous settlements in the reserve that have a significant cultural, monumental and archaeological heritage. The research aims is to determine, with the help of quantitative methodology, whether and to what extent the conditions of the pandemic have affected the needs of tourists for ecotourism and nature trips. The results of the research by examining tourists who visited this protected natural area, indicate a significant impact of the pandemic caused by COVID-19 on the ecotourism development of Special Nature Reserve "Deliblatska Peščara".
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ECOLOGICA, Vol. 28, No 102 (2021), 208-214
https://doi.org/10.18485/ecologica.2021.28.102.10
Originalni naučni rad
UDC: [338.48-6:502/504]:[616.98:578.834](497.113Deliblatska peščara)
Ekoturizam specijalnog rezervata prirode „Deliblatska peščara“ u
uslovima pandemije COVID-19
Ecotourism of the special nature reserve “Deliblatska peščara” in the
conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic
Snežana Štetić1*, Igor Trišić2, Igor Gvozden3
1,2Balkanska mreža turističkih stručnjaka, Beograd, Srbija
Balkan Network of Tourism Experts, Belgrade, Serbia
3Ugostiteljsko-turistička škola, Beograd, Srbija
School for restaurant and tourism business, Belgrade, Serbia
*Autor za prepisku / Corresponding author
Rad primljen / Received: 09.12.2020, Rad prihvaćen / Accepted: 07.05.2021.
Sažetak: Potencijalno značajni faktori razvoja ekoturizma u Specijalnom rezervatu prirode „Deliblatska peščara“
jesu: endemična flora i fauna, raznovrstan ekosistem, postojanje ramsarskih staništa, postojanje zakonske
legislative koja reguliše zaštitu, bogata socio-kulturna baština lokalnog stanovništva, postojanje zona zaštite unutar
područja i drugi faktori. Deliblatska peščara karakteriše vrlo redak dinski relјef, koji je svojstven samo ovom
zaštićenom području. Pesak koji je ovde u značajnoj meri sastojak tla, uticao je na razvoj posebne flore i faune, od
kojih su pojedine vrste endemiti i ne mogu se pronaći u drugim zaštićenim područjima. Pored prirodnih vrlo značajni
faktori za razvoj ekoturizma jesu društvene vrednosti. Na prostoru rezervata postoje brojna naselјa koja raspolažu
značajnim kulturnim, spomeničkim i arheološkim nasleđem. Cilј istraživanja je da se uz pomoć kvantitativne
metodologije utvrdi da li su i u kojoj meri uslovi pandemije uticali na potrebe turista za ekoturizmom i putovanjima u
prirodu. Rezultati istraživanja ispitivanja turista koji su posetili ovo zaštićeno prirodno područje, ukazuju na značajni
uticaj pandemije uslovlјene COVID-19 na razvoj ekoturizma u Specijalnom rezervatu prirode „Deliblatska peščara“.
Ključne reči: ekoturizam, Deliblatska peščara, endemska flora i fauna, pandemija COVID-19.
Abstract: As potentially significant factors of ecotourism development of the Special Nature Reserve "Deliblatska
Peščara" are endemic flora and fauna, diverse ecosystem, Ramsar habitats, legal legislation regulating protection,
the rich socio-cultural heritage of the local community, the existence of protection zones within the area and other
factors. Deliblato sands are characterized by a very rare dune relief, which is characteristic only for this protected
area. Sand, which is a significant component of the soil here, has influenced the development of special flora and
fauna, some of which are endemic and cannot be found in other protected natural areas. In addition to natural, very
important factors for the development of ecotourism are socio-cultural values. There are numerous settlements in
the reserve that have a significant cultural, monumental and archaeological heritage. The research aims is to
determine, with the help of quantitative methodology, whether and to what extent the conditions of the pandemic
have affected the needs of tourists for ecotourism and nature trips. The results of the research by examining tourists
who visited this protected natural area, indicate a significant impact of the pandemic caused by COVID-19 on the
ecotourism development of Special Nature Reserve "Deliblatska Peščara".
Keywords: ecotourism, Deliblato sands, endemic flora and fauna, Covid-19 pandemic.
1orcid.org/0000-0002-1137-4441, e-mail: stetic.snezana@gmail.com
2orcid.org/0000-0002-6497-9276, e-mail: trisici@hotmail.com.
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UVOD / INTRODUCTION
Specijalni rezervat prirode „Deliblatska peščara“
je zaštićeno prirodno područje u jugoistočnom delu
Vojvodine, kojeg čini specifični ekosistem sa vrlo
različitim prirodnim faktorima (Simić & Puzović, 2008;
Brankov, 2010; Trišić, 2019; Izveštaj o sprovođenju
programa zaštite prirodnih dobara za 2019. godinu,
2020). Ovaj rezervat karakteriše vrlo redak dinski
relјef, koji je svojstven samo ovom zaštićenom
području. Pesak koji je ovde u značajnoj meri sasto-
jak tla, uticao je na razvoj posebne flore i faune, od
kojih su pojedine vrste endemiti i ne mogu se pronaći
u drugim zaštićenim područjima Vojvodine (Izveštaj o
sprovođenju programa zaštite prirodnih dobara za
2019. godinu, 2020). Takvi su banatski božur (Pae-
onia officinalis L.), pančićev pelen (Artemisia pancicii
(Janka) Ronniger), šerpet (Rindera umbellata Bun-
ge), bademić (Prunus tenella Batsch), peščarsko
smilјe (Helichrysum arenarium) i kleka (Juniperus
communis) koja je i jedini samonikli četinar Panonske
nizije. Pored flore značajni su i brojni predstavnici
faune (Puzović et al., 2015; Program zaštite životne
sredine Autonomne Pokrajine Vojvodine za period
2016-2025. godine („Sl. list AP Vojvodine“, 10/2016);
Amidžić et al., 2017). SRP „Deliblatska peščara“
jedinstvenim zaštićenim područjem čine i 6 staza
zdravlјa, predviđenih za korisnike sportsko-rekrea-
tivnog turizma, edukativnog, eko i zdravstvenog
turizma. Ukupna dužina staza je oko 50 km (Trišić,
2019).
Pored navedenih faktora na području rezervata
nalazi se čuveno lovište „Deliblatska peščara“ ukup-
ne površine 31.036,55 ha (Plan upravlјanja za Spe-
cijalni rezervat prirode „Deliblatska peščara“ 2011-
2020, 2011). Na prostoru rezervata postoje kapaciteti
koji omogućavaju razvoj ekoturizma, izletničkog,
ruralnog, nautičkog, vinskog, sportskog, lovnog i
edukativnog turizma (Brankov, 2010; Puzović et al.,
2015). To omogućavaju smeštajni kapaciteti Školsko-
rekreativnog centra Čardak“ (130 ležaja) i lovačke
kuće, kampovi i kapaciteti seoskih domaćinstava u
Šumarku, Dubovcu, Deliblatu, Skorenovcu i Kovinu
(Plan upravlјanja za Specijalni rezervat prirode
„Deliblatska peščara“ 2011-2020, 2011; Pravilnik o
unutrašnjem redu i čuvarskoj službi Specijalnog
rezervata prirode „Deliblatska peščara“ („Službeni
glasnik RS", 10/2016)). Kao poslednja i najveća geo-
grafska oblast peščarsko-stepske, šumske i močvar-
ne vegetacije koja je nekada dominirala Panonskom
nizijom, SRP „Deliblatska peščara” je jedan od
najvažnijih centara biodiverziteta u Srbiji (Pavlović et
al., 2017; Trišić & Štetić, 2020). Svi navedeni faktori
doprinose razvoju ekoturizma kao značajnog oblika
turizma u ovom specijalnom rezervatu prirode (Kova-
čev et al., 2014; Štetić & Šimičević, 2018).
Specijalni rezervat prirode „Deliblatska peščara“
ima povoljan geografski položaj i dobru saobraćajnu
povezanost sa svim gradovima u zemlji i u regionu
(Trišić, 2019). Položaj ovog rezervata može se
sagledati na Slici 1.
Slika 1 - Mapa specijalnog rezervata prirode
„Deliblatska Peščara“
Figure 1 - Map of Special Nature Reserve
"Deliblatska Peščara“
Izvor / Source: Trišić (2019)
Pandemija COVID-19 u Republici Srbiji progla-
šena je u martu 2020. godine. Svoj negativan uticaj
ostvarila je na čitavo čovečanstvo. Pored toga što je
virus smrtonosan, ostavio je značajne posledice na
život ljudi, ekonomiju, privredu i način života. Pose-
ban uticaj odrazio se na turizam i zabranu putovanja.
U vreme socijalne distance i zabrane javnih okup-
ljanja, ljudi su se intenzivno okrenuli ka prirodi. Vreme
za odmor upravo su težili da provedu u prirodi. Kako
je turizam u vreme pandemije moguć u vrlo kontro-
lisanim i ograničenim prirodnim uslovima posebnih
prostornih celina, autori su za područje istraživanja
nevedenog uticaja izabrali Specijalni rezervat prirode
„Deliblatska peščara“.
Cilj istraživanja u ovom radu jeste da se ispita u
kojoj meri je pandemija COVID-19 uticala na odluke
turista o putovanju i razvoj ekoturizma u zaštićenom
prirodnom području. Autori su uz pomoć kvantitativne
metodologije analizirali odgovore 150 turista koji su
posetili ovo zaštićeno područje. Rezultati istraživanja
mogu doprineti konstituisanju stavova o razvoju
turizma baziranog na prirodi u uslovima pandemije i
mogu pomoći u planiranju turizma i njegovom razvoju
u zaštićenim prirodnim područjima, gde su prirodni
faktori primarni motiv u donošenju odluke o puto-
vanju.
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1. MATERIJALI I METODE /
MATERIALS AND METHODS
U zaštićenom prirodnom području „Deliblatska
peščara“ mogu se razvijati različiti specifični oblici
turizma bazirani na prirodi. Kako je ovo osetljiva
turistička destinacija primarni oblik turizma je eko-
turizam (Štetić et al., 2019). Ovaj oblik turizma ima
za cilj promociju prirodnih karakteristika područja u
kojem se realizuje i kao najvažnije, ekoturizam
unapređuje kvalitet prirode, utiče na sisteme zaštite
prostora i doprinosi sveukupne benefite za zašti-
ćeno područje (Milićević et al., 2021), turiste i lokal-
no stanovništvo (McCool et al., 2001; Twining-Ward
& Butler, 2002; Buckley, 2003; Cottrell et al., 2013).
Ekoturizam može imati pozitivan uticaj na razvoj
održivog turizma, doprinoseći ekološkoj, ekonom-
skoj i socio-kulturnoj održivosti (Queiroz et al., 2014;
Sowinska-Świerkosz & Chmielewski, 2014; Scholtz
et al., 2015; Banos-Gonzales et al., 2016; Lee &
Hsieh, 2016; Agyeiwaah et al., 2017; Vučetić, 2018;
Asmelash & Kumar, 2019).
Stavovi turista o određenim pojavama mogu biti
od značaja za definisanje trenutnog stanja turizma.
Turisti mogu ukazati na uticaje različitih faktora na
njihove aktivnosti u turističkim destinacijama (Trišić
et al., 2020). Uz pomoć kvantitativne metodologije u
radu su analizirani podaci dobijeni anketiranjem
turista koji su posetili Specijani rezervat prirode
„Deliblatska peščara“. Ispitivan je uticaj pandemije
COVID-19 na razvoj turizma ove destinacije, odnos-
no razvoj ekoturizma u zaštićenom prirodnom pod-
ručju u uslovima pandemije. Anketni upitnik između
ostalog sadrži 4 pitanja u formi tvdnji koje se odnose
na uticaj COVID-19 na odluke o putovanjima. Ispi-
tivanje je vršeno uz poštovanje svih mera zaštite od
infekcije (nošenje zaštitnih maski i rukavica, održa-
vanje socijalne distance i poštovanje mera o dozvo-
ljenom broju ljudi). Ispitanici su svoje odgovore
rangirali na petostepenoj Likertovoj skali, pri čemu
skala 1 označava neslaganje u potpunosti, skala 3
neutralan stav i skala 5 označava slaganje u
potpunosti (Maple et al., 2010; Puhakka & Siika-
mäki, 2012; Scholtz et al., 2012; Dolnicar & Grün,
2013; Kruger et al., 2013; Rasoolimanesh & Jaafar,
2016). Pitanja u formi tvrdnji koja su postavljena
ispitanicima mogu se sagledati u Tabeli 1.
Tabela 1 - Model upitnika
Table 1 - Model of Questionnaire
n1
Preferiram turizam baziran na prirodi
I prefer nature-based tourism
n2
Pandemija COVID-19 je uticala da posetim
zaštićeno prirodno područje
The COVID
-
19 pandemic affected my visit to a
protected natural area
n3
Posetio bih ovo područje i da nema uticaja
pandemije COVID
-19
I would visit this area even if there was no
impact of the COVID-19 pandemic
n4
Posetiću ovo zaštićeno prirodno područje i
nakon pandemije COVID
-19
I will visit this protected natural area even after
the COVID-19 pandemic
Dobijeni podaci nakon sprovedenog upitnika
analizirani su uz pomoć deskriptivne statistike i
prikazani uz pomoć grafikona i tabela.
2. REZULTATI I DISKUSIJA /
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Ispitinacima su pitanja iz upitnika postavljana na
terenu u toku posete zaštićenog područja i korišće-
njem elektronske forme upitnika uz pomoć društ-
venih mreža koje promovišu turizam Deliblatske
peščare. Ispitivanje je obavljeno u toku 2020. i 2021.
godine. Ukupno je anketirano 150 turista. Svi upitnici
su validni. Svi anketirani turisti imaju više od 18 go-
dina. Gradovi iz kojih su turisti jesu: Beograd, Kovin,
Vršac, Pančevo, Novi Sad i Smederevo. Struktura
ispitanika može se sagledati u Tabeli 2.
Tabela 2 - Struktura ispitanika / Table 2 - Structure of respondents
Pol / Gender
N
Muškarci / Male
65
Žene / Female
85
Ukupno / Total
150
Obrazovanje / Education
N
Osnovno obrazovanje / Primary education
/
Srednje obrazovanje / Secondary education
105
Više obrazovanje / Higher education
31
Visoko obrazovanje / High education
14
Ukupno / Total
150
Starosna struktura / Age structure
N
Min
Max
150
18
68
Srednja vr. / Mean
36.85
Izvor: proračun autora / Source: author's calculation
S. ŠTETIĆ i dr. EKOTURIZAM SPECIJALNOG REZERVATA PRIRODE ...
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Od ukupnog broja ispitanika 56,67% jesu žene.
Osnovno obrazovanje nema nijedan ispitanik, dok
najviše ispitanika ima srednje obrazovanje (70%).
Više obrazovanje ima 20,66%, dok 9,34% ispitanika
ima visoko obrazovanje. Ovakva obrazovna i staro-
sna struktura omogućava pouzdanost odgovora
ispitanika na postavljena pitanju u upitniku.
Na tvrdnju (n1) - Preferiram turizam baziran na
prirodi, ispitanici su svoje odgovore iskazali na
sledeći način (Tabela 3, Grafikon 1):
Tabela 3 / Table 3
N %
n
1
1
/
/
2
14
9.33
3
11
7.33
4
24
16
5
101
67.34
Total
150
100,0
Izvor: Proračun autora / Source: author's calculation
Grafikon 1 / Graph 1
Legenda: 5 - Potpuno se slažem; 4 - Delimično se
slažem; 3 - Niti se slažem, niti se ne slažem; 2 -
Delimično se ne slažem; 1 - Potpuno se ne slažem.
Note: 5 - I absolutely agree; 4 - I partially agree; 3 -
neither agree nor disagree; 2 - I partially disagree;
1 - I absolutely disagre
Analizom podataka u Tabeli 3 i Grafikonu 1,
možemo zaključiti da se značajan broj ispitanika
izjasnio u potpunosti (67,34%) i delimično (16%) da
preferira turizam baziran na prirodi. Ovo potvrđuje
činjenicu da su na odluku turista da posete zašti-
ćeno područje uticali upravo prirodni atributi koji
omogućavaju razvoj turizma baziranog na prirodi
(Weaver, 2010; Dudley et al., 2014; Navarro et al.,
2020). Ukupno 7,33% ispitanika ima neutralan stav
po ovom pitanju, dok 9,33% ispitanika ne preferira
ekoturizam.
Na tvrdnju (n2) Pandemija COVID-19 je uticala
da posetim zaštićeno prirodno područje, ispitanici su
se izjasnili na sledeći način (Tabela 4,Grafikon 2):
Tabela 4 / Table 4
N %
n
2
1
/
/
2
/
/
3
/
/
4
19
12.66
5
131
87.34
Total
150
100.0
Izvor: Proračun autora / Source: author's calculation
Grafikon 2 / Graph 2
Legenda: 5 - Potpuno se slažem; 4 - Delimično se
slažem; 3 - Niti se slažem, niti se ne slažem; 2 -
Delimično se ne slažem; 1 - Potpuno se ne slažem.
Note: 5 - I absolutely agree; 4 - I partially agree; 3 -
neither agree nor disagree; 2 - I partially disagree;
1 - I absolutely disagre
Analizom podataka u Tabeli 4 i Grafikonu 2,
možemo zaključiti da se značajan broj ispitanika
izjasnio u potpunosti (87,34%) i delimično (12,66%),
da je pandemija COVID-19 uticala na njihovu odluku
da posete Specijalni rezervat prirode „Deliblatska
peščara“. Neutralan i negativan stav prema ovoj
tvrdnji nije iskazao nijedan ispitanik. Analizm odgo-
vora na postavljeno drugo pitanje zaključuje se da je
pandemija COVID-19 bila od presudnog značaja za
donošenje odluke da se poseti Speciajni rezervat
prirode „Deliblatska pešačara“. To predstavlja i reali-
zaciju osnovnog cilja ovog istraživanja.
Na tvrdnju (n3) Posetio bih ovo područje i da
nema uticaja pandemije COVID-19, ispitanici su se
izjasnili na sledeći način (Tabela 5, Grafikon 3):
Tabela 5 / Table 5
N %
N3
1
16
10.67
2
18
12
3
10
6.67
4
36
24
5
70
46.66
Total
150
100,0
Izvor: Proračun autora / Source: author's calculation
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Grafikon 3 / Graph 3
Legenda: 5 - Potpuno se slažem; 4 - Delimično se
slažem; 3 - Niti se slažem, niti se ne slažem; 2 -
Delimično se ne slažem; 1 - Potpuno se ne slažem.
Note: 5 - I absolutely agree; 4 - I partially agree; 3 -
neither agree nor disagree; 2 - I partially disagree;
1 - I absolutely disagre
Analizom odgovora u Tabeli 5 i Grafikonu 3,
zapaža se da bi 106 ispitanika (70,66%) posetili ovo
zaštićeno prirodno područje i da nije pandemije
COVID-19. Ukupno 6,67% ispitanika ima neutralan
stav po ovom pitanju, dok 34 ispitanika (22,67%) ne
bi posetili ovo zaštićeno prirodno područje da nije
pandemije.
Rezultati dobijeni nakon analize odgovora na
pitanje u vezi s trećom tvrdnjom ukazuju na činjenicu
da je 34 ispitanika posetilo ovo područje zbog
nemogućnosti putovanja u druge destinacije, zbog
epidemiološke situacije.
Na tvrdnju (n4) Posetiću ovo zaštićeno prirod-
no područje i nakon pandemije COVID-19, ispitanici
su se izjasnili na sledeći način (Tabela 6, Grafikon
4):
Tabela 6 / Table 6
N %
n
1
1
/
/
2
/
/
3
/
/
4
15
10
5
135
90
Total
150
100,0
Izvor: Proračun autora / Source: author's calculation
Grafikon 4 / Graph 4
Legenda: 5 - Potpuno se slažem; 4 - Delimično se
slažem; 3 - Niti se slažem, niti se ne slažem; 2 -
Delimično se ne slažem; 1 - Potpuno se ne slažem.
Note: 5 - I absolutely agree; 4 - I partially agree; 3 -
neither agree nor disagree; 2 - I partially disagree;
1 - I absolutely disagre
Analizom odgovora u Tabeli 6 i Grafikonu 4,
zaključuje se da će 135 ispitanika (90%) sigurno
posetiti ovo područje i nakon pandemije, dok će 10%
ispitanika verovatno posetiti ovo zaštićeno prirodno
područje. Neutralan i negativan odgovor nije dao
nijedan ispitanik.
Dobijeni podaci ukazuju da su turisti posetom
zaštićenog prirodnog područja, u uslovima loše
epidemiološke situacije i zabrane realizacije mnogih
drugih turističkih kretanja, stekli određenu naviku da
posećuju ovakve turističke destinacije nakon nor-
malizacije zdravstvene situacije i uslova putovanja..
ZAKLJUČAK / CONCLUSION
Ekoturizam je oblik turizma utemeljen na pri-
rodnim faktorima koji ima za cilj razvoj ekološke svesti
kod turista, zaštitu prirode i unapređenje njenih ele-
menata. Koristi od ovog oblika turizma bi trebalo da
imaju priroda, turisti, upravljači destinacijom, lokalno
stanovništvo i ekonomija. Ovaj specifičan oblik turiz-
ma vezuje se za osetljive turističke destinacije. Zbog
posedovanja izuzetnih prirodnih vrednosti Speciajlni
rezervat prirode „Deliblatska peščara“ predstavlja
destinaciju ekoturizma ili drugih specifičnih oblika
turizma baziranih na prirodi. Kako poseduje povoljan
geografski položaj i dobru saobraćajnu povezanost
sa svim većim gardskim centrima u zemlji i u regionu,
ovaj rezervat prirode može biti eko-destinacija doma-
ćih i međunarodnih turista.
U uslovima pandemije COVID-19, kada su puto-
vanja u strane zemlje onemogućena, stanovništvo
ima značajnu potrebu za putovanjem u prirodne
turističke destinacije. Takve su zaštićena prirodna
područja, parkovi prirode, izletišta, ruralni predeli i
manje naseljene prostorne celine. Putovanja u za-
štićena prirodna područja u uslovima pandemije su
intezivirana. Razlog je potreba stanovništava za
odlaskom iz gradskih sredina. U zaštićenim prirodnim
područjima uz poštovanje svih zdravstvenih mera
zaštite, turisti realizuju svoju potrebu za izletničkim,
rekreativnim, sportskim, edukativnim, ribolovnim i
drugim oblicima turizma, među kojima značajno me-
sto zauzima i ekoturizam kao noviji vid turizma bazi-
ran na prirodi. Pored navedenih oblika turizma, turisti
u sklopu posete zaštićenim područjima prisustvuju i
različitim manifestacijama, pa se komplementarnost
ovih oblika turizma ogleda u pozitivnim socio-
kulturnim uticajima.
S. ŠTETIĆ i dr. EKOTURIZAM SPECIJALNOG REZERVATA PRIRODE ...
ECOLOGICA, Vol. 28, No 102 (2021)
213
Nakon sprovedenog istraživanja uticaja pande-
mije COVID-19 na razvoj ekoturizma, može se
zaključiti da su turisti kao razlog posete Specijalnog
rezervata prirode „Deliblatska peščara“ u velikom
procentu naveli lošu epidemiološku situaciju. Veliki
broj ispitanika je iznelo da je u potpunosti (87,34%) ili
delimično (12,66%), pandemija COVID-19 uticala na
njihovu odluku da posete Specijalni rezervat prirode
„Deliblatska peščara“. Ukupno 22,67% turista ne bi
posetilo ovo zaštićeno područje da nije došlo do uslo-
va pandemije. Ovaj podatak ukazuje na činjenicu da
loša epidemiološka situacija ima uticaj na razvoj eko-
turizma ili drugih oblika turizma utemeljenih na prirodi.
Ovo predstavlja i osnovni cilj ovog istraživanja. Zna-
čajan podatak nakon sprovedenog istraživanja jeste
da će svi ispitani turisti posećivati ovo područje i
nakon normalizacije epidemiološke situacije.
Ograničenja u istraživanju bila su poštovanje
mera zaštite protiv zaraznih bolesti koje je propisala
Vlada Republike Srbije, zbog kojih brojni turisti nisu
želeli da budu anketirani, da se ne bi izlagali mogućoj
infekciji u toku kontakta u procesu anketiranja. Pret-
postavke su da bi kod većeg uzorka ovi rezultati bili
još izraženiji.
Dobijeni rezultati istraživanja mogu poslužiti u
izradi strategija razvoja turizma u sklopu planiranja
određenih specifičnih oblika turizma u destinacijama
sa osetljivim ekosistemom, kakva su upravo zaštiće-
na prirodna područja. Kako će uticaj pandemije ostati
duži vremenski period i kako su se turističke navike
modifikovale i prilagodile ovim nepovoljnim uslovima,
ekoturizam može predstavljati značajan oblik turis-
tičkih kretanja kako u našoj tako i u zemljama širom
sveta.
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... The sandstone was protected in 1965, first as a general nature reserve, and later, with the abolition of this term, it was declared a special nature reserve. The SNR is classified in the fourth category of the IUCN classification, which represents a natural asset of exceptional importance in the first category [36,37], in an area of 34,829 ha. A three-level protection regime is established in this area: the first level of protection-2354 ha; the second level-8219 ha; and the third level-24,257 ha [35]. ...
... In terms of international regimes and protection status, it should be listed: Potentially, area NATURA 2000 [35,37]. ...
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Sustainable tourism, as an integral part of sustainable development, emerged as a logical outcome of preventing the uncontrolled and excessive use of tourism resources and attractions. This study analyzes whether mountain tourism development in Serbia can be sustainable and feasible in the long term. Given the heterogeneity of mountains in Serbia in terms of tourism development, the subject of this research is the achieved level of sustainable tourism development in mountains in the most developed and most visited region in Serbia — Šumadija and Western Serbia: Zlatibor, Kopaonik, Tara, Zlatar, Mokra Gora and Goč. The sustainable tourism development level was analyzed by using five groups of the EU’s comparative indicators: economic, social, cultural, environmental and tourist satisfaction indicators. The results showed that the development of tourism in the examined mountains is not fully aligned with sustainable development. The tourist satisfaction indicator has the most acceptable values, which is a good basis for further harmonization of tourism development on the principles of sustainability. Economic indicators, especially the ratio of overnight stays and accommodation capacities, show the most unacceptable values, which indicate the need for implementing changes in the process of tourism development in the coming period. The analysis of sustainable tourism in mountain areas in Šumadija and the Western Serbia undoubtfully points out that it is necessary to significantly change the current tourism product portfolio, which implies harmonizing mountain tourism development with global trends. Certainly, a comparative analysis that looks at the degree of sustainability of mountain tourism in some countries of the Alpine region, such as Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia, contributes to this. The more intensive development of tourism throughout the year would significantly improve indicators of sustainable tourism in all analyzed mountain areas of Šumadija and Western Serbia. This would improve the value of economic indicators, which are marked as the most unsustainable. The development of tourism in the summer season, especially recreational and adventure tourism, would improve the social and cultural component of sustainable tourism. Environmental dimension of sustainable tourism would be enhanced by the development of ecotourism. By connecting spatially close mountains (Zlatibor, Zlatar, Tara and Mokra Gora) into a unique and integrated tourism destination, synergistic effects would be achieved resulting in international recognition and making the region of Šumadija and Western Serbia competitive on the European market.
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The rich cultural and natural heritage of European countries have brought European tourism to the forefront. This status creates a need to take care of said tourism, with a particular focus on analysing its sustainability. Although several authors have pointed out the difficulties of transferring the principles of sustainable development to a specific sector, there is a consensus regarding the need to carry out an analysis at a local level, using indicators as a key tool. In this regard, it becomes very apparent that there is a need for an international set of indicators that enable an assessment of the transition towards sustainability at a local level. As yet, however, there is no widely-used approach. This paper proposes an index to measure sustainable tourism at the European NUTS 2 level, since lack of available data makes it impossible to produce indicators for cities.
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Progress towards a more sustainable tourism sector at an enterprise level has been slow, even though a number of studies have developed a variety of indicators. Indeed, so many indicators have been developed that industry seems to be overwhelmed by choice, leading to inaction, poor decision-making or adoption of the easiest option. Perhaps, simplicity is the way forward. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate a number of studies that have proposed a variety of indicator themes to identify commonalities among them that may serve as a starting point for enterprises to move towards a more sustainable path. Seven key indicator themes emerged, including job creation, business viability, quality of life, water quality, waste management, energy conservation and maintenance of community integrity. The term ‘indicator theme’ is used for it identifies what needs to be assessed to monitor progress towards sustainable tourism, while simultaneously recognizing that specific measurement metrics may vary depending as they are site, context and enterprise specific.