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Proceedings of the Conference on Managing Tourism Across Continents
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The setting of this study is an orchard that has turned into thriving farm tourism. The company continues to develop itself in line with the high demand for horticultural products and tourism to excel in doing business. This research aims to identify the key success factors of a tourism farm company. Having useful information enables a company to understand its competitive advantages and powerful resources. Therefore, they can outperform the competition and prevent competitive losses. This study employs an exploratory qualitative approach. Data collection was using observation, interviews, and data generated from the company. This research is using three analytical techniques. First, the external environment analysis consisted of Political, Economic, Socio-Cultural, Technological, and Environmental analysis (PESTEL) and Porter's Five Forces Analysis (PFFA). Second, the internal environment analysis encompassed Value Chain analysis, STP analysis, and Marketing Mix analysis. Then, SWOT analysis to determine alternative strategies generated from the external and internal environment analysis. Results revealed that the key success factors of tourism farm company included human resources and natural resources. In this case, the company's service characteristic is inseparable. Lastly, the company must find solutions to overcome their weaknesses, such as the lack of technology and social media use.
Consumer behavior is changing as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, thus compelling attraction sites to find new ways of offering safe tours to visitors. Based on protection motivation theory, we develop and test a model that examines key drivers of visitors' COVID-19-induced social distancing behavior and its effect on their intent to use virtual reality-based (vs. in-person) attraction site tours during and post-COVID-19. Our analyses demonstrate that visitor-perceived threat severity, response efficacy, and self-efficacy raise social distancing behavior. In turn, social distancing increases (decreases) visitors' intent to use virtual reality (in-person) tours during the pandemic. We find social distancing to boost visitors' demand for advanced virtual tours and to raise their advocacy intentions. Our results also reveal that social distancing has no effect on potential visitors' intent to use virtual reality vs. in-person tours post-the pandemic. We conclude by discussing vital implications that stem from our analyses.
Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the depression levels of university students and their social media addiction in the COVID-19 pandemic through structural equation modeling. Method: The research was conducted according to the relational survey model, one of the quantitative research methods. The research was carried out on 211 university students at Firat University. Burns Depression Scale, was used to determine the depression levels of students. Social Network Addiction Scale was used to determine the social media addiction levels of the students. Results: There are significant relationships between depression level and social media addiction. A good fit was found between the obtained data and the predicted model. In this context, it has been determined that the depression levels of university students in the COVID-19 pandemic are the predictors of social media addiction. It has been observed that as the depression levels of university students increase, their social media addiction increases. Conclusion: Depression and social media addiction form a spiral structure that negatively affects each other. In this context, the concept of depression in social media addiction can be seen as a cause or a consequence.
This book aims to develop knowledge and understanding of the theories and principles of service quality within the context of leisure and tourism. Suitable for students, researchers, leisure and tourism professionals, it relates the nature of the consumer experience to the planning, design and management of service delivery and critically evaluates the various quality management methods, systems, techniques and approaches that can be applied to the leisure and tourism business environment. While part 1 (chapters 1-6) establishes the challenges facing leisure and tourism managers in achieving service quality, part 2 (chapters 7-9) examines the skills and techniques of translating the understanding of consumers, quality and the nature of leisure and tourism experiences into appropriate products and services. Part 3 (chapters 10-14) takes the management of service quality beyond the design of services into the management of systems and procedures and the overall philosophy of organizations in their approach to quality. The book has a subject index.
In a context in which the tourism industry is jeopardised by the COVID-19 pandemic, and potentially by other pandemics in the future, the capacity to produce accurate forecasts is crucial to stakeholders and policy-makers. This paper attempts to forecast the recovery of tourism demand for 2021 in 20 destinations worldwide. An original scenario-based judgemental forecast based on the definition of a Covid-19 Risk Exposure index is proposed to overcome the limitations of traditional forecasting methods. Three scenarios are proposed, and ex ante forecasts are generated for each destination using a baseline forecast, the developed index and a judgemental approach. The limitations and potential developments of this new forecasting model are then discussed.
Several studies have investigated the use of virtual reality (VR) in tourism, but none has taken an epidemiological outlook. This research examined the use of VR in tourism through the lenses of an extended TAM model in times of COVID-19 pandemic. The premise was that, in this context, people would prefer less risky experiences and would see VR as a substitute for traditional travel. The data used was collected through a within-subjects experiment, which proved that intention to use VR in tourism increased under the COVID-19 effect. This study tested a conceptual model that showed this intention was influenced by the perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and perceived substitutability of VR, all mediated by people’s interest in VR use in tourism. The perceived authenticity of VR experience determined the perceived substitutability of VR. This paper has theoretical and practical implications. In the long term, promoting tourism-related VR activities might reduce the risk of virus spreading, lessen the pressure imposed on this sector by such epidemic episodes, and increase its sustainability.
Due to the nature of their work, tour leaders need to interact closely with the tour members; thus, the former are often subjected to emotional blackmail by the latter. Therefore, this study investigated the relationship among tour leaders’ perceived emotional blackmail, job frustration, and turnover intention. Licenced tour leaders were chosen as participants of this study and were asked to answer a self-administered survey questionnaire. A total of 355 valid questionnaires were collected at the end of the study period. The results showed that the higher the tour leaders’ perceived blackmail, the higher the job frustration and the turnover intention are. Furthermore, based on the results, job frustration has a positive effect on turnover intention.