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Strength studies on effect of glass waste in concrete
Abstract
Glass waste is a perfect recycled material. The increased familiarity with the reuse of glass improves the study of the utilization of glass waste in different compositions in large variety of fields. The major commitments focused on construction in which waste glass has been utilized as construction material. The use of glass in construction material also needs to improve. In addition, the testing facility experiments were aimed at exploring the usage of glass wastage in place of fine aggregates & coarse aggregates replacement in concrete. The analysis showed that five per cent of glass waste utilization is reliably mixed as a fine & coarse aggregates replacement with no tampering in values.
... Thus, it is extremely important to focus on the efficient use of resources by replacing conventional materials, used in cement production, with industrial by-products or waste materials. These alternative materials include construction and demolition waste [6][7][8][9][10], glass waste [11][12][13], plastic waste [14][15][16], sludge from wastewater treatment [17][18][19] and supplementary cementitious materials [20,21]. Supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) are inorganic materials that contribute properties to cementitious mixtures, through hydraulic activity, pozzolanic activity, or by both means [22]. ...
... Similarly, the presence of sulfate ( 4 2− ) in pozzolans generates a negative effect on pozzolanic reactions, since a highly hydrated mineral called ettringite is formed (Ca 6 Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 (OH) 12 • 26H 2 O). The conditions for ettringite formation are given by the presence of soluble aluminum, calcium, and sulfate, the presence of a high pH, and the amount of water. ...
... [24],2 [25],3 [32],4 [29],5 [34],6 [52],7 [53],8 [54],9 [55],10 [56],11 [57],12 [58],13 [59],14 [9],15 [60],16 [61],17 [62] ...
Natural and artificial pozzolans are widely used in building materials and play an increasingly important role in minimizing costs and mitigating environmental effects in the manufacturing of building materials. These pozzolans can be obtained as by-products from various industries, generally they are wastes without any application or added value. However, when implemented in cement mixtures, their effectiveness is somewhat questionable. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the properties, characteristics, and behavior of these materials. This study aims to summarize the main pozzolans used in building materials. Volcanic pozzolans, pozzolans of sedimentary origin, fly ash, blast furnace slag, silica fume, metakaolin, ceramic wastes, demolition, and construction wastes, rice husk ash, bagasse ash, biomass ash, and paper sludge were considered. The chief characteristics studied were particle size, specific area chemical composition, and mineralogical composition. In addition, the impact on mechanical properties and durability in cement mixtures using pozzolans was analyzed. It was observed that the mechanical properties of cement mixtures change by increasing pozzolan replacement. The maximum percentage of replacement depends on the characteristics of the pozzolan. In the case of durability, pozzolans decrease absorption and permeability by reducing the porosity of the binder. This decreases acid diffusion and autogenous shrinkage, thus improving concrete durability. Finally, future studies are suggested to consider the implementation of artificial intelligence techniques and machine learning algorithms to improve the properties of the concrete mixtures.
... Thus, it is extremely important to focus on the efficient use of resources by replacing conventional materials, used in cement production, with industrial by-products or waste materials. These alternative materials include construction and demolition waste [6][7][8][9][10], glass waste [11][12][13], plastic waste [14][15][16], sludge from wastewater treatment [17][18][19] and supplementary cementitious materials [20,21]. Supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) are inorganic materials that contribute properties to cementitious mixtures, through hydraulic activity, pozzolanic activity, or by both means [22]. ...
... Similarly, the presence of sulfate ( 4 2− ) in pozzolans generates a negative effect on pozzolanic reactions, since a highly hydrated mineral called ettringite is formed (Ca 6 Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 (OH) 12 • 26H 2 O). The conditions for ettringite formation are given by the presence of soluble aluminum, calcium, and sulfate, the presence of a high pH, and the amount of water. ...
... [24],2 [25],3 [32],4 [29],5 [34],6 [52],7 [53],8 [54],9 [55],10 [56],11 [57],12 [58],13 [59],14 [9],15 [60],16 [61],17 [62] ...
Natural and artificial pozzolans are widely used in building materials and play an increasingly important role in minimizing costs and mitigating environmental effects in the manufacturing of building materials. These pozzolans can be obtained as by-products from various industries, generally they are wastes without any application or added value. However, when implemented in cement mixtures, their effectiveness is somewhat questionable. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the properties, characteristics, and behavior of these materials. This study aims to summarize the main pozzolans used in building materials. Volcanic pozzolans, pozzolans of sedimentary origin, fly ash, blast furnace slag, silica fume, metakaolin, ceramic wastes, demolition, and construction wastes, rice husk ash, bagasse ash, biomass ash, and paper sludge were considered. The chief characteristics studied were particle size, specific area chemical composition, and mineralogical composition. In addition, the impact on mechanical properties and durability in cement mixtures using pozzolans was analyzed. It was observed that the mechanical properties of cement mixtures change by increasing pozzolan replacement. The maximum percentage of replacement depends on the characteristics of the pozzolan. In the case of durability, pozzolans decrease absorption and permeability by reducing the porosity of the binder. This decreases acid diffusion and autogenous shrinkage, thus improving concrete durability. Finally, future studies are suggested to consider the implementation of artificial intelligence techniques and machine learning algorithms to improve the properties of the concrete mixtures.
... It is, therefore, important to direct the construction sector towards a policy where conventional construction materials are replaced with by-products that will significantly reduce the environmental impact. Construction and demolition waste, glass waste, plastic waste, sludge from wastewater treatments and supplementary cementitious materials represent a starting point from which new construction materials can be designed [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Increasing the service life of a render product is another strategy to diminish the overall impact. ...
NHL mortars are known to be compatible materials for the conservation of architectural heritage. To improve their properties with regard to salt resistance and lower their carbon footprint, NHL-based mortars with salt inhibitor agents were studied and different formulations were produced: NHL-based mortars (MSs), composed of natural hydraulic lime; and sand and cocciopesto mortars (MSCs), in which NHL, sand and brick powder were admixed with two different products, diethylenetriaminapenta and chitosan, in different concentrations. The mortar performance was tested against freeze–thaw and salt crystallization through immersion–drying cycles in a 14% sodium sulfate solution. The results highlighted that the addition of cocciopesto was effective in increasing the salt resistance, but increased the water intake during the freeze–thaw tests. The use of DTPMP produced less thixotropic mortars and decreased the water uptake, but worsened the salt resistance of hardened mortars. Chitosan allowed a good workability of fresh mortar; its water uptake was similar to the reference mortar and slightly increased the salt resistance. In the cocciopesto samples, both additives reduced the weight variation during freeze–thaw tests; meanwhile, for the lime samples, the additives increased the weight variation during the final cycles.
Bakelite plastic (BP) is a significant resource in businesses industries, yet it is a toxic material with a poor recycling rate. The rate of disposal of this waste has increased over the years. As a result, the widespread dumping of Bakelite plastic waste (BPW) has raised several severe environmental concerns. One possible solution is to use this discarded material as a conventional aggregate substitution in concrete. Environmental and ecological problems can be partially solved by reusing Bakelite waste products into concrete elements. This study analyses the behavior of concrete containing discarded Bakelite as fine aggregate at various replacement percentages. Bakelite waste material is non-recycled and serves as a limited substitution for natural grained waste. The density is a highly significant characteristic as it indicates the intrinsic strength of the building to be constructed, and Bakelite plastic is the ideal option due to its thermoplastic polymer, corrosion resistance, and ideal density. An experimental outcome has been made using Bakelite plastic waste particles as fine aggregates in concrete by substitution ranging from 0 % to 15 % with an increment of 2.5 % on the strength benchmarks of standard concrete. The tests are compressive, abrasion, impact energy, water absorption, water permeability, and microstructural properties of concrete with and without Bakelite plastic waste as aggregates were observed, exhibiting good strengths. Strength parameters were examined for optimum concrete and obtained 7.5 % BPW content in fly ash-based concrete mix outstanding strength properties.
The main goal of this study is to investigate the effect of using waste glass (WG) on some mechanical properties of concrete at both fresh and hardened stages. In our study, we used local windows waste glass (WG) as partial replacement of fine aggregates with 0, 20, 25, and 30% percentages (by weight).
The experimental results obtained from testing specimens prepared from concrete mixes with water/cement ratio equal to 0.5, showed that the optimum percentage of fine waste glass to be used within the concrete mix was 20%. At this percentage of replacement the compressive strength obtained at 28-days age was 39 MPa compared with 30.32 MPa for reference concrete mix.
Million tons of waste glass is being generated annually all over the world. Once the glass becomes a waste it is disposed as landfills, which is unsustainable as this does not decompose in the environment. Glass is principally composed of silica. Use of milled (ground) waste glass in concrete as partial replacement of cement could be an important step toward development of sustainable (environmentally friendly, energy-efficient and economical) infrastructure systems. When waste glass is milled down to micro size particles, it is expected to undergo pozzolanic reactions with cement hydrates, forming secondary Calcium Silicate Hydrate (C–S–H). In this research chemical properties of both clear and colored glass were evaluated. Chemical analysis of glass and cement samples was determined using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) technique and found minor differences in composition between clear and colored glasses. Flow and compressive strength tests on mortar and concrete were carried out by adding 0–25% ground glass in which water to binder (cement + glass) ratio is kept the same for all replacement levels. With increase in glass addition mortar flow was slightly increased while a minor effect on concrete workability was noted. To evaluate the packing and pozzolanic effects, further tests were also conducted with same mix details and 1% super plasticizing admixture dose (by weight of cement) and generally found an increase in compressive strength of mortars with admixture. As with mortar, concrete cube samples were prepared and tested for strength (until 1 year curing). The compressive strength test results indicated that recycled glass mortar and concrete gave better strength compared to control samples. A 20% replacement of cement with waste glass was found convincing considering cost and the environment.
Crushed waste glass bottles accumulating in stockpiles around New Zealand are an environmental concern, but also provide an available resource for potential use in concrete by partially replacing coarse and fine natural aggregates. The objective of this study was to test the fundamental properties of concrete that utilized 20% waste glass as a partial replacement for coarse and fine natural aggregates. It is demonstrated that the waste glass has a negative effect on concrete properties, including air content, compressive strength, and flexural strength, while also contributing to the problematic alkali-silica reaction. The use of supplementary cementitious materials such as fly ash or microsilica was found to improve the properties of concrete that utilized waste glass, especially with regards to inhibiting the alkali-silica reaction, and hence it was established that waste glass should be used with either fly ash or microsilica mainly due to concerns regarding the development of the alkali-silica reaction caused by the waste glass trialed in this study. (C) 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.
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Concrete is the most versatile building material. Its property to get moulded in any shape easily makes it widely used in infrastructure projects including buildings, bridges, dams, silos and pavements. Durability of these structures depends on quality production, testing and maintenance of concrete.
This book is intended to provide students and professionals, a deep understanding of concrete technology. It explains the fundamental concepts, material characteristics and related laboratory experiments on concrete and its ingredients. It also includes relevant provisions of Indian Standards such as IS 456, IS 10262, IS 383, IS 2386 and IS 516.
Unit I details properties of ingredients of concrete, viz., cement, aggregates and water.
Unit II describes the different grades of concrete and properties of fresh concrete.
Unit III outlines the procedure to obtain concrete mix design as per IS 10262. It also explains destructive and non-destructive tests on hardened concrete.
Unit IV provides details of quality control during various concreting operations. It also details formwork for concreting, waterproofing and joints in concrete construction.
Unit V discusses chemical admixtures, special concrete and extreme weather concreting.
Unit VI details laboratory and field experiments to determine properties of concrete and its ingredients.
The book provides latest scientific advances in concrete technology. We hope that students will find it easy to comprehend, and concrete technology fraternity at large will get benefitted. Comments and suggestions to further improve the book are always
welcome, and can be sent to smandal.civ@iitbhu.ac.in, anand.civ@iitbhu.ac.in,
sushilkumar39@gmail.com.
Every year, millions of tonnes of glass waste pose terrible problems related to the environmental condition all over the world. The glass is mainly composed of silica. Its use in concrete could be a beneficial solution for the environment and also economic problems. In this mini review, the different possibilities of the valorization of glass waste by substitution of aggregates and cement in concrete have been explored. Its effects on the physicochemical and mechanical characteristics were examined in the main research in this direction. The use of waste glass in concrete can offer an improvement in concrete performance and an asset for participation in sustainable development by reducing this waste.
Glass is a perfect material for reusing. The expanding familiarity with glass reusing speeds up examinations on the utilization of waste glass with various structures in different fields. One of its critical commitments is to the construction field where the waste glass was reused for concrete production. The use of glass in structural concrete still needs change. Research facility tests were directed to additionally investigate the utilization of waste glass as fine total and coarse totals substitution in concrete. The examination showed that 5% Waste glass can viably be utilized as fine aggregate and coarse aggregate substitution without generous change in quality.
About 12.5 million tons of waste glass is generated annually in the U.S., 77% of which is disposed of in landfills. Waste glass can be cost-effectively collected in mixed colors, but has limited markets. Mixed-color waste glass offers desired chemical composition and reactivity for
use as a supplementary cementitious material for enhancing the chemical stability, moisture resistance and durability of concrete. To realize this potential, waste glass needs to be milled to micro-scale particle size for accelerating its beneficial chemical reactions in concrete. In this
investigation, recycled glass concrete was produced by partial replacement of cement with milled waste glass. Recycled glass concretes with 15, 20 and 23 wt.% of cement replaced with milled glass were investigated in field (pavement) construction projects. The compatibility of recycled glass
concrete with conventional construction techniques was evaluated, and the field performance of recycled glass concrete under weathering effects (in mid-Michigan) was monitored over a two-year period. Compressive strength, water sorption, chloride permeability, and abrasion resistance tests
of recycled glass concretes were performed on cores drilled from the experimental pavements, and the results were compared with those obtained with normal concrete. Flexural strength tests were carried out on concrete specimens at various ages. Test results indicated that recycled glass concrete
incorporating milled waste glass as partial replacement for cement offers excellent strength and durability attributes when compared with normal concrete. The pozzolanic reactions of milled waste glass with cement hydrates improve the microstructure and chemical composition of concrete. Use
of milled waste glass in concrete as partial replacement of cement represents an important step towards development of sustainable (environmentally friendly, energy-efficient and economical) concrete-based infrastructure systems.
In our study, in which waste glass (WG) is considered as coarse aggregates in the concrete, WG was used reduced to 4–16 mm in proportions of 0–60% in the production of PKÇ/B 32.5/R type cement. The effects of WG on workability and strength of the concrete with fresh and hardened concrete tests were analyzed. As a result of the study conducted, WG was determined not to have a significant effect upon the workability of the concrete and only slightly in the reduction of its strength. Waste glass cannot be used as aggregate without taking into account its ASR properties. As for cost analysis, it was determined to lower the cost of concrete productions. Our study was an environmental one in consideration to the fact that WG could be used in the concrete as coarse aggregates without the need for a high cost or rigorous energy.
Experimental study on concrete using cement with glass powder
- Subramani
Properties of Concrete, Pearson Education ltd
- A M Neville
use of glass wastes as fine aggregate in Concrete, Youth Education and Research Trust (YERT)
- Gautam