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LICHENS -ЛИШАЙНИКИ The genus Rinodina (Physciaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) in the Magadan Region (Far East of Russia)

April 2021
Novosti sistematiki nizshikh rastenii 55(1)

April 2021
55(1)

DOI:10.31111/nsnr/2021.55.1.97

Authors:

Irina Galanina

Russian Academy of Sciences

Lidia Yakovchenko

Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity FEB RAS

Yoshihito Ohmura

National Museum of Nature and Science

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The lichen genus Rinodina in the Magadan Region is revised on the basis of extensive collections by the authors in 2011–2015. Fifteen species have been recorded, of which Rinodina cinereovirens, R. endospora, R. laevigata, R. metaboliza, R. olivaceobrunnea, R. parasitica, and R. subparieta are new for the study area. Rinodina endospora and R. sicula are rare in Russia and have only recently been found in Northeastern Asia. The presence of R. archaea and R. exigua in the Far East of Russia has not yet been confirmed.

The studied sites of the Rinodina species in the Magadan Region.

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Thallus of Rinodina subparieta consisting of light gray scattered areoles with whitish soredia forming along the areole margins. Scale bar: 0.5 mm.

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https://doi.org/10.31111/nsnr/2021.55.1.97

LICHENS — ЛИШАЙНИКИ

The genus Rinodina (Physciaceae, lichenized Ascomycota)

in the Magadan Region (Far East of Russia)

I. A. Galanina1, L. S. Yakovchenko1, E. V. Zheludeva2, Y. Ohmura3

1Federal Scientiﬁc Center of East Asian Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian

Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia

2Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Far Eastern Branch

of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, Russia

3Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Japan

Corresponding author: I. A. Galanina, gairka@yandex.ru

Abstract. The lichen genus Rinodina in the Magadan Region is revised on the basis of extensive

collections by the authors in 2011–2015. Fifteen species have been recorded, of which Rinodina

cinereovirens, R. endospora, R. laevigata, R. metaboliza, R. olivaceobrunnea, R. parasitica, and R. sub-

parieta are new for the study area. Rinodina endospora and R. sicula are rare in Russia and have only

recently been found in Northeastern Asia. The presence of R. archaea and R. exigua in the Far East

of Russia has not yet been conﬁrmed.

Keywords: biodiversity, biogeography, lichens, new records, North-East Asia.

Род Rinodina (Physciaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) в Магаданской области

(Дальний Восток России)

И. А. Галанина1, Л. С. Яковченко1, Е. В. Желудева2, Й. Омура3

1Федеральный научный центр биоразнообразия наземной биоты Восточной Азии ДВО РАН,

Владивосток, Россия

2Институт биологических проблем Севера ДВО РАН, Магадан, Россия

3Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Japan

Автор для переписки: И. А. Галанина, gairka@yandex.ru

Резюме. Изучена коллекция лишайников рода Rinodina из Магаданской обл., собранная

авторами в 2011–2015 гг. В результате проведенной нами ревизии список лишайников рода

Rinodina для Магаданской обл. включает 15 видов, 7 из которых приводятся впервые (Rinodina

cinereovirens, R. endospora, R. laevigata, R. metaboliza, R. olivaceobrunnea, R. parasitica и R. subpa-

rieta). Rinodina endospora и R. sicula являются редкими в России и только недавно были най-

дены в Северо-Восточной Азии. Присутствие видов R. archaea и R. exigua на Дальнем Востоке

России к настоящему времени не подтверждено.

Ключевые слова: биоразнообразие, биогеография, лишайники, новые находки, Севе-

ро-Восточная Азия.

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The genus Rinodina (Ach.) Gray belongs to the family Physciaceae and comprises

approximately 300 species worldwide (Sheard, 2010; Wĳayawardene et al., 2020). Ac-

cording to Nadyeina et al. (2011), Rinodina is polyphyletic and includes species with

crustose thallus, lecanorine apothecia, one-septate brown ascospores with inner wall

thickenings and Lecanora-type asci.

Rinodina is a diﬃcult genus in terms of species identiﬁcation due to the large va-

riety of spore types. Recent studies of the genus Rinodina in Russia (including the

Magadan Region), China, South Korea, and Japan have made a great progress in our

understanding of the diversity of this genus in the Northeastern Asia (Sheard, 2010;

Sheard et al., 2017). Sheard et al. (2017) reported many species which were previously

unknown in the Russian Far East. In addition, the authors also revealed the close re-

lationship between Asian and American species, including some that were previously

considered to be endemic to North America.

The genus Rinodina in the Russian Far East has been actively studied in the last

decade. However, the majority of studies are focused on the south of the area (Galani-

na et al., 2011, 2018, 2021; Galanina, 2013, 2016, 2019; Sheard et al., 2017; Galanina,

Ezkhin, 2018, 2019; Konoreva et al., 2018; Yakovchenko et al., 2018) while data on its

northern part (including the Magadan Region) remain rather poor (Korolev, Tolpy-

sheva, 1980; Kotlov, 1991, 1993a, 1993b, 1995, 2004), although some new species were

reported from the region as it is indicated below.

The ﬁrst records of the genus Rinodina in the Magadan Region were made by Ko-

rolev and Tolpysheva (1980) who reported two species, R. archaea (Ach.) Arnold and

R. exigua (Ach.) Gray. Later, the species Rinodina hyperborea H. Magn., R. milvina

(Wahlenb.) Th. Fr., R. mniaroea (Ach.) Körb., R. sibirica H. Magn., R. turfacea (Wah-

lenb.) Körb. were reported for the Verkhnekolymskoe Highland (Kotlov, 1991, 1993a,

1993b, 1995, 2004). Finally, Sheard et al. (2017) reported R. freyi H. Magn., R. roscida

(Sommerf.) Arnold, and R. septentrionalis Malme. In total, ten species of the genus

Rinodina were known for the Magadan Region before the present study.

The Magadan Region, with an area of 461400 km2, lies in the northeastern part

of the Russian Far East. The mountainous area framing the northern shores of the

Okhotsk Sea and the basin of the upper reaches of the Kolyma River is formed by the

ridges of the Kolyma Highlands and the spurs of the Chersky Ridge mountain sys-

tem. A narrow strip along the northern coast of the Okhotsk Sea is characterized by

a temperate continental climate with relatively low winter minimum temperatures

and variable weather conditions. The Okhotsk-Kolyma watershed is a climate bor-

der with very frosty winters, an average January temperature there is below –32°C

(Klyukin, 1970). The mountainous regions in the upper Kolyma River basin are

characterized by the greater climate continentality. According to the geobotanical

zoning by Reut (1970), diﬀerent parts of the study area belong to the mountainous

area of dwarf pine-larch-birch forests of the Okhotsk coast, to the bog-tussock-tund-

ra region of the Yamsk-Tauy depression, to the area of mountain-arctic tundra, and

to the lichen woodlands of the Kolyma Highlands. Yurtsev (1974) assigns this ter-

Galanina et al. The genus Rinodina in the Magadan Region (Far East of Russia)

ritory to the North Okhotsk province of the East Siberian subregion of the Boreal

ﬂoristic region.

The aim of our study is to contribute to the knowledge about the diversity of Rinodi-

na species in the Magadan Region, as well as about their ecology and distribution.

Material and Methods

The material was collected by the authors in 2011–2015 in several districts of the

Magadan Region (Olsky, Omsukchansky, Yagodninsky, Severo-Evensky, Tenkinsky,

and Khasynsky) (Fig. 1). Additionally, we studied vouchers from the herbaria of the

Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Aca-

demy of Sciences (MAG) and Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy

of Sciences (LE) in Russia, and the National Museum of Nature and Science (TNS) in

Japan. The lichens sampled in 2012–2013 are kept at the Federal Research Center for

Biodiversity of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (VLA).

Atotal of 40 samples from the Magadan Region were studied.

The morphological and anatomical features of the specimens were examined by

standard methods of light microscopy. Chromatography was not necessary because all

the studied species can be easily distinguished by anatomy and morphology as well as

by standard spot tests with KOH (K), Ca(ClO)2 (C), and C6H4(NH2)2 (P). The pre-

sence of sphaerophorin crystals was studied by the method of ﬂuorescence in longwave

UV.

Results and Discussion

In total, 15 species of Rinodina were identiﬁed, of which R. cinereovirens Vain.,

R.endospora Sheard, R. laevigata (Ach.) Malme, R. metaboliza Vain., R. olivaceobrun-

nea C. W. Dodge et G. E. Baker, R. parasitica H. Mayrhofer et Poelt, and R. subpa-

rieta (Nyl.) Zahlbr. are new for the Magadan Region. Two species, R. endospora and

R.sicula H. Mayrh. et Poelt, are rare in Russia and have only recently been found

in North-eastern Asia (Sheard et al., 2017; Galanina et al., 2021). Rinodina archaea,

R.exi gua, R. milvina, and R. mniaroea were previously reported from the Magadan

Region (Korolev, Tolpysheva, 1980; Kotlov, 1995), but were not found during our ﬁeld

stu dies, as well as in the herbarium collections. The presence of R. archaea and R.exi-

gua in the Far East of Russia has also not yet been conﬁrmed (Sheard et al., 2017,

Galanina, Ezhkin, 2019; Galanina et al., 2021).

Newly recorded species for the Magadan Region

Rinodina cinereovirens Vain. (Plate I: 1, 2)

Rinodina cinereovirens is characterized by thin light gray or brownish gray thal-

lus without vegetative propagules (Plate I: 1). Apothecia quickly become narrow-

ly attached, sometimes almost stipitate (to 0.6–1.0 mm) with disc black and plane.

Thalline margin is entire and typically persistent (80–120 μm wide), with cortex ex-

panded to 20–60 μm wide. Rinodina cinereovirens has Physcia-type spores of Type A

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develop ment, (21.5)23.0–25.5(27.5) × (10.0)11.5–13.5(14.0) μm (Plate I: 2). Torus

well developed. Crystals absent in cortex and present in medulla (sphaerophorin).

Spot tests all negative, the secondary metabolite sphaerophorin in longwave UV turns

blue-white.

Rinodina cinereovirens is closely related to R. turfacea but diﬀers by more broadly

ellipsoid spores with more bluntly rounded apices. Furthermore, R. cinereovirens in-

habits bark and wood, in contrast to R. turfacea which typically grows on decaying

ground vegetation, less often on wood in oroarctic environments in North America

(Sheard et al., 2017).

Fig. 1. The studied sites of the Rinodina species in the Magadan Region.

Plate I. 1 — thallus and apothecia of Rinodina cinereovirens; 2 — Physcia-type spores

of R.cinereovirens; 3 — thallus and apothecia of R. endospora; 4 — Dirinaria-type spore

ofR.endospora; 5 — thallus and apothecia of R. freyi; 6 — Physcia-type spores of R. freyi.

Scale bars: 1, 3, 5 — 0.5 mm; 2, 4, 6 — 10 μm.

Galanina et al. The genus Rinodina in the Magadan Region (Far East of Russia)

100

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101

Distribution. In Russia, the species has previously been reported as Rinodina tur-

facea var. cinereovirens (Vain.) H. Mayrhofer and as R. turfacea var. ecrustacea (Vain.)

H. Oliv. for diﬀerent regions from the Leningrad Region to the Kamchatka Territo-

ry (Urbanavichene, Urbanavichus, 1998; Kotlov, 2008; Himelbrant et al., 2009; Spi-

sok…, 2010; Chesnokov, Konoreva, 2015; Sheard et al., 2017). Rinodina cinereovirens

is known in Europe from Scandinavia (Norway, Sweden, and Finland) (Mayrhofer,

Moberg, 2002). In North America the species was reported from Newfoundland, New

Brunswick, Wapusk National Park, northern Manitoba, northern Ontario, and Alaska

(Sheard, 2018).

Ecology. Rinodina cinereovirens was found on bark of Alnus sp., Betula sp., Cho-

senia arbutifolia, and Larix sp. in ﬂoodplain shrub communities and coniferous forests.

Specimens examined: Olsky District, Tauy River, the Niro station, ﬂoodplain terrace,

59°47′17.2″N, 148°16′13.2″E, 36 m a. s. l., old larch forest with birch and alder, with tall grass and

shrubs, on bark of Alnus sp., 6 VIII 2011, Zheludeva, MAG О-4581; ibid., Magadansky Reserve, Ka-

va-Chelomdzhinsky area, Chelomdzha River valley, 59°47′50.3″N, 148°12′52.9″E, 36 m a. s. l., ﬂood-

plain forest, on bark of Chosenia arbutifolia, 12 VII 2012, Zheludeva, MAG О-4582; ibid., Kamenny

Range, vicinity of the tourist camp Magtur, Pyany stream, 59°45′24.5″N, 149°39′17.9″E, 9 m a. s. l.,

ﬂoodplain shrubs, on bark of Alnus sp., 6 VIII 2013, Galanina М-13-178-3, VLA; Omsukchansky

District, 500 km NE from Magadan, foothill of Kilganskie Range, vicinity of Dzhuletta mining camp,

61°11′40.9″N, 153°56′55.7″E, 969 m a. s. l., larch-dwarf pine forest with rocks along stream, on dead

twigs of Larix sp., 9 VIII 2012, Yakovchenko 25-12, VLA.

Rinodina endospora Sheard (Plate I: 3, 4)

The detailed description was given by Sheard (2010), Sheard et al. (2017), and

Galanina et al. (2021). The species is characterized by a gray to gray-brown verrucose

or areolate thallus, narrowly attached apothecia with ﬂakes of the epinecral layer on

the thallus, large Dirinaria-type spores (20.5)22.0–24.0(27.5) × (8.5)9.0–10.0(11.0)

μm, often asynchronous and of Type B development (Plate I: 3, 4). Rinodina endospora

can be confused with R. metaboliza which also has Dirinaria-type spores, but they are

of smaller size (13.5)17.5–19.0(23.0) × (8.5)9.0–10.0(11.0) μm (Sheard, 2010).

Distribution. This is the third location of this species in Russia and Northeas-

tern Asia. Previously, the species was reported from Kamchatka (Ust’-Bol’sheretsky

District, on bark of Chosenia arbutifolia) (Sheard et al., 2017) and from Sakhalin

Island where it was found on bark of Populus sp. in riparian forest (Galanina et al.,

2021). Rinodina endospora was previously considered to be a western North American

endemic species distributed in California along the coastal ranges and in the Sierra

Nevada (Sheard, 2010). This study suggests it is the western North American ― East

Asian species with disjunct distribution.

Ecology. The species was found on bark of Chosenia arbutifolia in the valley forest.

Specimen examined: Olsky District, Magadansky Reserve, Kava-Chelomdzhinsky area,

Chelomd zha River valley, 59°47′50.3″N, 148°12′52.9″E, 36 m a. s. l., ﬂoodplain forest, on bark of

Chosenia arbutifolia, 12 VII 2012, Zheludeva, MAG О-4583.

Galanina et al. The genus Rinodina in the Magadan Region (Far East of Russia)

102

Rinodina laevigata (Ach.) Malme (Plate II: 1, 2)

Rinodina laevigata is characterized by Physcia-Physconia-type spores (14.5)18.5–

19.5(22.5) × (7.0)8.5–9.0(10.5) μm of Type A development, thin poorly developed

thallus, and usually thick lower apothecial cortex (Plate II: 1, 2). Rinodina laeviga-

ta can be confused with R. sibirica H. Magn. but diﬀers by a less developed thallus,

grayish color, smaller spores, and more rounded and less elongated lumina. Apothecia

in R. laevigata are broadly attached to the thallus, with typical plane discs and thick

lower apothecial cortex.

Distribution. In Russia, the species is known from the North Caucasus to Wes-

tern Siberia (Kotlov, 2008), but most probably is understudied. Rinodina laevigata

is widespread and known from Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Scotland in Europe

(Mayr hofer, Moberg, 2002), also from Alaska to California and in the Sierra Nevada in

the western part of North America (Sheard, 2010).

Ecology. Rinodina laevigata was collected on bark of Pinus pumila (Pall.) Regel

and Larix sp.

Specimens examined: Khasynsky District, ca. 25 km SW of Atka, 60°37′22.7″N, 151°33′31.6″E,

1110 m a. s. l., on twig of Larix sp., 11 VIII 2012, Ohmura 10172B, Yakovchenko, Zheludeva, TNS; Ten-

kinsky District, Matrosov mine, thickets of dwarf pine, 61°38′28″N, 147°48′10″E, on bark of Pinus

pumila, 8 VI 2015, Pavlov, VLA.

Rinodina metaboliza Vain. (Plate II: 3, 4)

Rinodina metaboliza is characterized by a Dirinaria-type spores (13.5)17.5–

19.0(23.0) × (8.5)9.0–10.0(11.0) μm of Type B development (Plate II: 4). The species

is very variable in thallus morphology, spore size and apothecial convexity (PlateII:3).

Rinodina metaboliza can be confused with R. endospora. For the diﬀerences, see the de-

scription of R. endospora above.

Distribution. The species was described by Vainio (1928) from several places

along the Yenisei River in Siberia. In Russia, it is known from the republics of Karelia

and Komi, and South Siberia (Eastern Sayan Mountains) (Kotlov, 2008; Urbanavi-

chene, Urbanavichus, 2009). In Europe, the species was found in Scandinavia (central

Sweden and Norway) (Mayrhofer, Moberg, 2002). In North America, it is a western

species extending from coastal Alaska to southern California and inland to the Rocky

Mountains (Sheard, 2010).

Ecology. Rinodina metaboliza was collected on bark of Populus sp. in ﬂoodplain forest.

Specimen examined: Olsky District, Magadansky Reserve, Chelomdzha River, 59°47′50.3″N,

148°12′52.9″E, 36 m a. s. l., ﬂoodplain forest with Chosenia arbutifolia and Alnus sp., on bark of Po-

pulus sp., 12 VII 2012, Zheludeva, MAG О-4584.

Rinodina olivaceobrunnea C. W. Dodge et G. E. Baker (Plate II: 5, 6)

Rinodina olivaceobrunnea is characterized by Physcia-type spores (16.5)20.5–

21.5(26.0) × (8.0)9.5–10.0(12.0) μm of Type A development (Plate II: 6). The species

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103

Galanina et al. The genus Rinodina in the Magadan Region (Far East of Russia)

104

has abundant and small, narrowly attached apothecia (Plate II: 5). Rinodina olivaceo-

brunnea can be confused with R. turfacea, but diﬀers in smaller spores and apothecia,

absence of a massive columnar lower cortex, and lack of sphaerophorin. R.olivaceo-

brunnea can also be confused with R. archaea, but it is distinguished by its Physcia-type

spores, thick lower cortex, and typically muscicolous rather than lignicolous habitat

(Sheard, 2010).

Distribution. In Russia, R. olivaceobrunnea has wide distribution and was pre-

viously found in the Arctic (Novaya Zemlya, Taimyr, and Chukotka), Murmansk Re-

gion, Komi Republic, North Caucasus (Karachayevo-Circassian Republic), and West

Siberia (Kotlov, 2008). Rinodina olivaceobrunnea is distributed in both hemi spheres

being known in Europe, central Africa, Australasia, Antarctica, and North America

(Mayrhofer, Moberg, 2002; Sheard, 2010).

Ecology. Rinodina olivaceobrunnea was collected on old wood near the airport.

Specimen examined: Severo-Evensky District, Evensk village, 61°55′02.8″N, 159°14′20.8″E, 3 m

a. s. l., old vegetable gardens behind the airport, on old logs (wood), 11 VII 2015, Zheludeva, MAG

СЭ-4585.

Rinodina parasitica H. Mayrhofer et Poelt (Plate III: 1, 2)

Rinodina parasitica is characterized by a lichenicolous habit and brown thallus,

Physcia-Physconia-type spores (13.5)16.0–16.5(19.0) × (7.0)8.5–9.0(10.5) μm of

Type A development (Plate III: 1, 2). It can be confused with R. obnascens (Nyl.) Oliv.,

another lichenicolous species, but the latter has Milvina-type spores and gray thallus

with minute dark brown to black consoredia (Sheard, 2010). R. obnascens has not been

found in Russia yet.

Distribution. In Russia, R. parasitica was found in Siberia (Krasnoyarsk Ter-

ritory, Baikal Region) (Kotlov, 2008). The species occurs in scattered localities in

Europe (Norway, Sweden, and Finland) (Mayrhofer, Moberg, 2002), Asia (Mongolia)

(Byazrov, 2013), and North America, where it is known in Alaska and western Canada,

southern Rocky Mountains, coastal ranges, and Sierra Nevada (Sheard, 2010).

Ecology. Rinodina parasitica was found on the thallus of an unidentiﬁed Aspi-

cilia. It is arctic-alpine lichen growing on species of Aspicilia and Rhizocarpon (Kot-

lov,2008).

Specimen examined: Olsky District, Magadansky Reserve, Yamsky area, Studenaya station, a

small mountain, 59°45′38.0″N, 153°34′24.9″E, 69 m a. s. l., on Aspicilia sp. growing on rock, 15 VII

2015, Zheludeva, MAG О-4586.

Plate II. 1 — thallus and apothecia of Rinodina laevigata; 2 — Physcia-Physconia-type spores of

R.laevigata; 3 — thallus and apothecia of R. metaboliza; 4 — Dirinaria-type spore of R. metaboliza;

5 — thallus and apothecia of R. olivaceobrunnea; 6 — Physcia-type spores of R. olivaceobrunnea.

Scale bars: 1, 3, 5 — 0.5 mm; 2, 4, 6 — 10 μm.

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Rinodina subparieta (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Fig. 2)

Rinodina subparieta is characterized by a Physconia-type spores (15.0)18.5–

19.5(23.0) × (8.5)10.0–11.0(13.0) μm of Type A development, light gray scattered

areoles, producing atranorin (K+ yellow) and whitish soredia forming along the areole

margins in a labriform soralia (Fig. 2). Rinodina subparieta are similar to R. willeyii

Sheard et Giralt, but the latter has Pachysporaria-type spores, whitish areolate thallus

(than subsquamulose), and producing pannarin (P+ cinnabar).

Dist rib uti on. In Russia, it is a widespread species known from the Caucasus to the

Far East (Spisok…, 2010; Himelbrant, Stepanchikova, 2011; Galanina, 2013; Sheard et

al., 2017). In Europe it is known from Scotland (Giavarini et al., 2009), Scandinavia and

Aust ria (Tonsberg, 1992; Mayrhofer, Moberg, 2002). Rinodina subparieta is also known

from Mongolia (Hauck, Javkhlan, 2006) and eastern Asia with a distribution spanning

Russia, Japan, and Korea (Sheard et al., 2017). In North America, R. subparieta has a Pa-

ciﬁc and North Atlantic disjunct distribution (Sheard, 2010; Resl et al., 2016).

Ecology. Rinodina subparieta was collected on bark of Alnus sp. in old larch forest.

In Russia, the species was found on coniferous and deciduous trees (Abies sp., Alnus

sp., Betula sp., Castanea sp., Chosenia arbutifolia, Picea sp., Prunus sp., Quercus sp.,

Salix sp., and Taxus sp.) in deciduous and mixed forests, often along river valleys. It

occurs from the sea level to 2550 m (Sheard et al., 2017).

Specimen examined: Olsky District, Tauy River, the Niro station, ﬂoodplain terrace, 59°47′17.2″N,

148°16′13.2″E, 36 m a. s. l., old larch forest with Betula sp., Alnus sp., tall grasses and shrubs, on bark

of Alnus sp., 6 VIII 2011, Zheludeva, MAG О-4587.

Fig. 2. Thallus of Rinodina subparieta consisting of light gray scattered areoles with whitish soredia

forming along the areole margins. Scale bar: 0.5 mm.

Galanina et al. The genus Rinodina in the Magadan Region (Far East of Russia)

106

Species previously known from the Magadan Region

Rinodina freyi H. Magn. (Plate I: 5, 6)

Rinodina freyi is characterized by gray-green continuous thallus, apothecia fre-

quently becoming contiguous on small thalli (Plate I: 5), and relatively small, darkly

pigmented Physcia-type spores (12.0)15.0–16.0(18.5) × (6.0)7.5–8.0(9.0) μm of Type

A development with a heavy torus (Plate I: 6). Rinodina freyi can be confused with

R. septentrionalis, but the latter species has copper-brown thallus consisting of small

discrete verrucae, narrowly attached and scattered apothecia.

Distribution. In Russia, R. freyi was previously recorded from the Magadan

Region, Kamchatka Territory, Sakhalin Island, Khabarovsk and Primorye territo-

ries (Sheard et al., 2017; Galanina et al., 2021). It has also been reported from Japan

(Sheard et al., 2017) and western Mongolia (Hauck et al., 2013). European distribu-

tion of this species is poorly known although originally it was described from Europe

(Switzerland) (Magnusson, 1947); the species is also published from Germany (Wirth

et al., 2013). Sheard (2010) indicated that R. freyi is closely related to the European

R.septentrionalis (Giralt, Mayrhofer, 1995). Rinodina freyi is the most common spe-

cies of the genus in North America, being frequent in both the east and west of the

continent (Sheard, 2010).

Ecology. In the Magadan Region, R. freyi was found on bark of Alnus, Chosenia,

and Salix in ﬂoodplain Chosenia forest and alder forest. In North America it inhabits

various tree species, including Abies spp., Acer spp., Alnus crispa (Aiton) Pursh, Betula

spp., Fraxinus sp., Picea spp., Pinus spp., Quercus macrocarpa Michx., Sorbus sp., Ulmus

americana L. mainly in the southern boreal zone (Sheard, 2010).

Specimens examined: Olsky District, Ola River, ﬂoodplain forests, on bark of Salix sp., 8 VII 2013,

Galanina M-13-203-1, VLA; ibid., Galanina M-13-186-1, M-13-210-1, VLA (Sheard et al., 2017); ibid.,

Spafareva Island, N part of the Iisland, 59°11′41.7″N, 149°05′09.8″E, 110 m a. s. l., alder forest along

the snowﬁeld, on Alnus sp., 20 VII 2013, Zheludeva, MAG О-4588; ibid., the upper reaches of the Ola

River, 138 km of the federal highway, near the bridge over the river, 60°24′49.5″N, 151°30′49.0″E, 13

m a. s. l., ﬂoodplain forest, on bark of Chosenia arbutifolia, 13 VII 2013, Galanina М-13-193-1, VLA;

Severo-Evensky District, Evensk village, 61°55′04.2″N, 159°14′05.8″E, 3 m a. s. l., larch in the planting,

on bark of Larix sp., 11 VII 2015, Zheludeva, MAG О-4589; Yagodninsky District, Myakit River valley,

295 km of the federal highway, 61°24′25.8″N, 152°05′25.9″E, 664 m a. s. l., single old larch trees at the

bottom of a slope, on bark of Larix sp., 13 VII 2013, Galanina М-13-195-1, VLA.

Rinodina milvina (Wahlenb.) Th. Fr.

Rinodina milvina is characterized by thick dark brown thallus and Milvina-type

spores (15.5)18.0–19.0(22.0) × (7.5)9.5–10.5(12.0) μm of Type A development. Young

thalli of R. milvina can be confused with R. parasitica, which is well distinguished by

its smaller Physcia- Physconia-type spores.

Distribution. Rinodina milvina was previously noted in the Magadan Region by

Kotlov (1995). In Russia, the species is widespread from the European part to the Far

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107

East, and from the Southern Siberia to the Arctic (Novaya Zemlya) (Kotlov, 2008).

Rinodina milvina has scattered distribution in Europe (Mayrhofer, Moberg, 2002) and

also occurs in Asia (Turkey, Iraq, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaĳan, Kazakhstan, Mongo-

lia, and Japan) (Wagner, Spribille, 2005; Kotlov, 2008; Byazrov, 2010; Ohmura, Kashi-

wadani, 2018), North Africa (Kotlov, 2008), and North America (Greenland, Rocky

Mountains, Sierra Nevada, Cascades and costal range) (Sheard, 2010).

Ecology. Rinodina milvina inhabits siliceous rocks, sometimes parasitizing crus-

tose lichens (Mayrhofer, Moberg, 2002; Kotlov, 2008). In North America, the species

was found on granites, quartzites and other acidic rocks, on sandstone, volcanic rocks,

from 900 to 3660 m a. s. l. (Sheard, 2010).

Rinodina mniaroea (Ach.) Körb.

Rinodina mniaroea is characterized by its apothecia becoming convex and thal-

line margin becoming excluded, large Physcia-type spores (20.5)24.5–25.5(30.0) ×

(9.5)11.5–12.5(14.5) μm of Type A development. Rinodina mniaroea is similar to

R.turfacea, which diﬀers by producing sphaerophorin (UV+ blue-white) and persis-

tently plane apothecial discs with prominent thalline margins. Another species to be

distinguished from R. turfacea is R. olivaceobrunnea, which diﬀers by its smaller apo-

thecia and spores.

Distribution. Rinodina mniaroea was previously reported from the Magadan

Region by Kotlov (1995). In Russia, the species is widespread in the northern and

mountain regions (Arctic, northern European part, North Caucasus, Siberia, Urals,

Altai, Far East) (Makarova, Katenin, 1983, 1992; Sedelnikova, 1990; Kotlov, 2008).

In Europe it occurs in central part (Wirth, 1995; Giavarini et al., 2009), Iberian Penin-

sula (Giralt, 2010), and Scandinavia (Mayrhofer, Moberg, 2002). In Asia R. mniaroea

was reported from the Caucasus, Himalayas, Mongolia, and China (Vezda, 1965; Kot-

lov, 2008). In North America, R. mniaroea is common in the western Arctic, the Rocky

Mountains and scattered in the eastern Arctic and Greenland (Sheard, 2010).

Ecology. Rinodina mniaroea grows on mosses and plant debris in the arctic-alpine,

less often in the subalpine and boreal zones (Mayrhofer, Moberg, 2002; Kotlov, 2008).

In North America it was recorded up to 4070 m a. s. l. in Arizona (Sheard, 2010).

Rinodina roscida (Sommerf.) Arnold

Rinodina roscida is characterized by large Physcia-type spores (22.5)30.0–

32.0(39.5) × (10.5)12.5–13.5(16.0) μm and Type A or rarely B development. R. ros cida

can be confused with R. turfacea and diﬀers in its light gray thallus lacking sphaero-

phorin, pruinose apothecial discs, J+ blue lower cortex of apothecial margins, signiﬁ-

cantly larger spores with often submucronate apices (Sheard, 2010).

Distribution. Rinodina roscida is widespread in the northern and mountainous

regions of Northern Hemisphere (Mayrhofer, Moberg, 2002; Wirth et al., 2013): in the

Arctic from Scandinavia to Chukotka and southbound to Southern Siberia (Trans-Bai-

Galanina et al. The genus Rinodina in the Magadan Region (Far East of Russia)

108

kal Territory, Sayany) and Asia (Caucasus, Himalayas, Mongolia, China) (Mayrhofer,

Moberg, 2002; Kotlov, 2008; Spisok…, 2010). In North America it is common in the

Arctic, especially in the west, extending southwards in the Rocky Mountains (Sheard,

2010).

Ecology. Rinodina roscida was collected on mosses and plant debris on rock in

mountains.

Specimens examined: Omsukchansky District, 500 km NE from Magadan, foothill of Kilganskie

Range, vicinity of Dzhuletta mining camp, 61°11′39.8″N, 153°58′49.8″E, 1480 m a. s. l., upper part

of the slope with calcareous rocks, on mosses, 11 VIII 2012, Yakovchenko M-12-Ca-3, VLA; ibid.,

Yakov chenko M-12-Ca-1, M-12-Ca-2, VLA (Sheard et al., 2017); Khasynsky District, small moun-

tain ca. 120 km NE of Atka, 61°11′43.4″N, 153°58′38.8″E, 1240 m a. s. l., on plant debris on rock,

11VIII 2012, Ohmura 10145, Yakovchenko, Zheludeva, TNS.

Rinodina septentrionalis Malme

= Rinodina hyperborea H. Magn.

Rinodina septentrionalis is characterized by Physcia-type spores (13.5)16.0–

17.0(19.5) × (6.5)7.5–8.5(9.5) μm with well-developed torus and Type A develop-

ment. Rinodina septentrionalis has copper-brown thallus consisting of small discrete

verrucae, narrowly attached and scattered apothecia. For the diﬀerences from similar

R. freyi see its description.

Distribution. Rinodina septentrionalis was previously reported for the Magadan

Region by Kotlov (1995) as R. hyperborea. In Eurasia, R. septentrionalis is widely dis-

tributed in the Arctic and boreal zones and in mountainous regions from northern

Scandinavia to Kamchatka Peninsula and southbound to Georgia, Kazakhstan, Altai

Mts, Sikhote-Alin Mts, Japan (Insarov, Pchelkin, 1984; Davydov, 2001; Giralt, 2001,

2010; Mayrhofer, Moberg, 2002; Tschabanenko, 2002; Kotlov, 2008; Himelbrant et

al., 2009; Galanina, 2013; Hauck et al., 2013; Wirth et al., 2013; Yakovchenko et al.,

2013; Chesnokov, Konoreva, 2015; Sheard et al., 2017; Galanina et al., 2021). In North

America it is common in the Arctic, extending southwards in the Rocky Mountains to

Colorado (Sheard, 2010).

Ecology. Rinodina septentrionalis was collected from the bark of Alnus sp., Larix

sp., and Salix sp. In the Altai Mts, it was found on the bark of deciduous and coniferous

trees in the wet habitats of the forest belt (Davydov, 2001). In North America it was

recorded up to 3050 m a. s. l. in the Rocky Mountains (Sheard, 2010).

Specimens examined: Olsky District, Magadansky Reserve, Kava River, 59°47′37.6″N,

148°00′30.2″E, 30 m a. s. l., aspen forest with scarce larch, birch and dwarf pine, on wood, 9 VII

2012, Zheludeva, MAG О-4590; ibid., Zheludeva 735, MAG (Sheard et al., 2017); Khasynsky Dis-

trict, ca. 25 km SW of Atka, 60°37′22.7″N, 151°33′31.6″E, 1110 m a. s. l., on twig of Larix sp., 11 VIII

2012, Ohmura 10172B, Yakovchenko, Zheludeva, TNS; Magadansky District, 3 km W of Magadan,

59°33′48.4″N, 150°42°′39.0″E, 60 m a. s. l., on twig of Alnus sp., 6 VIII 2012, Ohmura 9942, Yakovchen-

ko, Zheludeva, TNS; ibid., vicinity Snezhnaya Dolina village, ﬂoodplain forest, on bark of Salix sp., 4

VII 2001, Lysenko, MAG М-4593; ibid., 59°44′21.1″N, 150°51′23.3″E, 169 m a. s. l., ﬂoodplain forest,

on bark of Salix sp., 26 VII 2001, Artemova, MAG М-4591.

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109

Rinodina sibirica H. Magn. (Plate III: 3, 4)

Rinodina sibirica is characterized by Physcia-Physconia-type spores (17.0)20.0–

21.5(25.5) × (8.5)10.0–11.5(13.0) μm with the well-developed torus, the dark-colo-

red cell walls, and Type A development (Plate III: 4). Rinodina sibirica has erumpent

apothecia broadly attached at ﬁrst and then becoming narrow at the base, scattered,

numerous with the dark brown to black disk becoming convex, sometimes hemisphe-

rical (Plate III: 3). Rinodina sibirica can be often confused with R. archaea, but the

latter species has Physconia-type spores and mainly lignicolous (Sheard, 2010). The

young apothecia of R. sibirica with plane discs can be confused with such of R. cinere-

ovirens, but the latter has large Physcia-type spores and crystals in medulla (sphaero-

phorin, UV+ blue-white). Specimens of R. sibirica can be often referred to R. sophodes,

which diﬀers by small Milvina-type spores and European distribution (Sheard, 2010).

Rinodina sophodes was probably erroneously reported for the Far East of Russia.

Distribution. Rinodina sibirica was previously reported for the Magadan Region

by Kotlov (1995). Rinodina sibirica is an American-Asian species with a wide amphi-

beringian range (Galanina et al., 2021). The species was described from the environs of

Yeniseisk, Tomsk, and Tobolsk in Russia (Magnusson, 1936). Later, it was additionally

reported from numerous places in Siberia along the rivers Yenisei, Ob, Irkut, Lena, and

Aldan (Magnusson, 1947), as well as from Altai and Sayan (Kotlov, 2008), and from

Mongolia (Golubkova, 1981). Recently R. sibirica was reported from the Trans-Baikal

and Khabarovsk territories, the Magadan Region, Sakhalin Island, and the Kamchat-

ka Peninsula (Sheard et al., 2017; Galanina et al., 2021). The species was also reported

from North America (Thomson, 1997, as R. granulans Vain.; Sheard, 2010).

Ecology. Rinodina sibirica was collected on bark of Betula sp., Larix sp., and Salix

sp. The species grows mainly on bark of deciduous trees (e. g. Alnus spp., Betula spp.,

Padus avium Mill., Populus spp., Salix spp., Sorbus sp.), less often on conifers (Abies

sp., Larix sp., Picea sp., Pinus sp.) and on wood (Magnusson, 1936, 1947; Kotlov, 2008;

Sheard, 2010; Sheard et al., 2017).

Specimens examined: Olsky District, ﬂoodplain of Kava River, Bogot Island, 59°46′16.6″N,

147°59′26.7″E, 39 m a. s. l., larch-birch forest, on bark of Betula sp., 7 VII 2012, Zheludeva, MAG

О-4592; ibid., Iamborko M-02-1, LE (Sheard et al., 2017); Magadansky District, vicinity of Sne-

zhnaya Dolina village, ﬂoodplain forest, on bark of Salix sp., 4 VII 2001, Lysenko, MAG М-4593;

ibid., on bark of deciduous tree, 28 VI 2007, students, MAG.

Rinodina sicula H. Mayrh. et Poelt (Plate III: 5, 6)

Rinodina sicula is characterized by thin gray to black-brown rimose-areolate thallus

(Plate III: 5), Physconia-type spores (16.0)18.0–19.5(23.0) × (7.5)9.0–10.0(11.5)μm

Plate III. 1 — thallus and apothecia of Rinodina parasitica; 2 — Physcia-Physconia-type spores

of R.parasitica; 3 — thallus and apothecia of R. sibirica; 4 — Physcia-Physconia-type spore of

R.sibirica; 5 — thallus and apothecia of R. sicula; 6 — Physconia-type spores of R. sicula.

Scale bars: 1, 3, 5 — 0.5 mm; 2, 4, 6 — 10 μm.

Galanina et al. The genus Rinodina in the Magadan Region (Far East of Russia)

110

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111

(Plate III: 6) of Type A development, and the presence of gyrophoric acid in the apoth-

ecial margin (C+ red).

Distribution. Rinodina sicula is described from Italy (Mayrhofer, Poelt, 1979). It

is known in Europe from Italy, Iberian Peninsula, Denmark, Sweden (Mayrhofer, Poelt,

1979; Giralt, Llimona, 1997; Mayrhofer, Moberg, 2002; Mayrhofer, Sheard, 2007) and

in Northeastern Asia from Kamchatka Peninsula, Magadan Region, Trans-Baikal Ter-

ritory (Sheard et al., 2017).

Ecology. Rinodina sicula is a saxicolous species. In the Magadan Region it was

found on rocks in the middle part of the slope with cliﬀs.

Specimen examined: Omsukchansky District, 500 km NE to Magadan, foothill of Kilganskie

Range, vicinity of Dzhuletta mining camp, 61°11′43.3″N, 153°58′34.9″E, 1321 m a. s. l., middle part of

the slope with cliﬀs, on rocks, 9 VIII 2012, Yakovchenko M-12-27-4, VLA; ibid., Yakovchenko M-12-

27-1, VLA (Sheard et al., 2017).

Rinodina turfacea (Wahlenb.) Körb.

Rinodina turfacea is characterized by brownish-gray thallus, large apothecia with

concave or plane disc, persistent thalline margin containing crystals of sphaeropho-

rin, Physcia-type spores (22.0)27.5–29.5(35.0) × (10.5)12.5–13.5(15.5) μm of Type A

development (Shaerd, 2010). Rinodina turfacea can be confused with R. cinereovirens;

for the diﬀerences, see the description of R. cinereovirens.

Distribution. Rinodina turfacea was previously reported from the Magadan

Region by Kotlov (1995). It is mainly northern circumpolar species restricted to the

Arctic and Subarctic territories in Eurasia from Scandinavia to the Kamchatka Pen-

insula with southernmost locations in the Mongolian and Chinese parts of the Altai

(Schubert, Klement, 1971; Afonina et al., 1980; Makarova, Katenin, 1983; Makryi,

1986; Sedelnikova, 1990; Abbas et al., 2001; Davydov, 2001; Mayrhofer, Moberg, 2002;

Tschabanenko, 2002; Kotlov, 2008; Himelbrant et al., 2009; Skirina, 2012; Wirth et al.,

2013; Sheard et al., 2017; Galanina et al., 2021). In North America, it is common in

the Arctic, southward to the Rocky Mountains in Montana and Wyoming, also in the

state of Colorado (Sheard, 2010).

Ecology. Rinodina turfacea was found on plant debris.

Specimens examined: Olsky District, Kamenny Range, vicinity of the Magtur tourist base, ﬂood-

plain of Pyany stream, 59°45′24.5″N, 149°39′17.9″E, 9 m a. s. l., ﬂoodplain shrubs with Alnus sp.,

on plant debris, 6 VIII 2013, Galanina М-13-178-3, VLA; ibid., Atargan Peninsula, 59°32′35.6″N,

151°29′27.2″E, 3 m a. s. l., seashore, on dry pebble on plant debris, 3 VIII 2016, Zheludeva, MAG

О-4595; Omsukchansky District, 500 km NW from Magadan, foothill of Kilganskie Range, vicinity

of Dzhuletta mining camp, 61°11’43.3’’N, 153°58’34.9’’E, 1321 m a. s. l., middle part of the slope with

cliﬀs, on plant debris, 9 VIII 2012, Zheludeva, MAG; ibid., on plant debris, Yakovchenko 27-12-2, 27-

12-3, VLA (Sheard et al., 2017); ibid., on plant debris, 11 VIII 2012, Ohmura 10145B, TNS.

As a result of the study, the list of Rinodina known from the Magadan Region con-

sists of 15 species, 7 of which are reported for the ﬁrst time for the region (R. cinereo-

virens, R. endospora, R. laevigata, R. metaboliza, R. olivaceobrunnea, R parasitica, and

Galanina et al. The genus Rinodina in the Magadan Region (Far East of Russia)

112

R. subparieta). The genus is mainly represented by species typically occurring in the

northern regions (R. cinereovirens, R. metaboliza, R. mniaroea, R. olivaceobrunnea,

R.roscida, R. septentrionalis, and R. turfacea).

Despite the new data, the Rinodina genus in the Magadan Region requires further

study. Noteworthy are the species R. endospora and R. sicula which are rare in Russia

and have only recently been found in Northeastern Asia (Sheard et al., 2017; Galanina

et al., 2021). These species might be rarely reported because saxicolous Rinodina spp.

are poorly investigated in general. It can be assumed that they occur more frequently

in the northern regions of Eurasia within epilithic lichen communities. Other species

requiring attention are R. laevigata and R. sibirica which are probably widespread in

Russia, although rarely found in some regions. The distribution of both taxa is worthy

of further research.

Acknowledgments

We are very grateful to Dr. J. W. Sheard, a monographer of the Rinodina genus in

North America, for the consultations and assistance in identifying the specimens. The

authors also thank anonymous reviewers for valuable corrections and comments. The

research was carried out within the state assignment of Ministry of Science and High-

er Education of the Russian Federation (FWFS-2021-0002, 0290-2015-0018).

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