Accident Prevention By Automatic Braking System And Multisensors

Abstract

Nowadays accidents are major cause of death and disability. Human error causes traffic accident more than machine error. One of the main reasons of this human error is driver's inattention. At maximum time driver's inattention comes from fatigued state and rash driving. So these problems are solved by monitoring. As accidents are growing more due to driver's inattention in this paper we proposed a solution to prevent accidents. This paper is based on monitoring the environment and the driver through sensors. Automatic speed control system and accident avoidance using sensors are the main objectives of our project. Here the ultrasonic sensor is placed to maintain the distance between the vehicles to avoid collision and warns the driver by vibrating the gloves wore by the driver and at the same time the car horn goes on by warning the targeting obstacle. If still the driver didn't take any measures to avoid the obstacle, the car will automatically get slow down. The eye blink sensor is also integrated which detects the drowsy state of the driver. If the driver is in drowsy state then the driver is alerted by the sound of buzzer. The prototype of the design has been successfully implemented which leads to the conclusion that such a system can help in keeping the driver awake at all times while driving and hence facilitate in avoidance of any traffic accidents involving driver's alertness.

Full text

International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology
Vol. 29, No. 8s, (2020), pp. 873-879
873
ISSN: 2005-4238 IJAST
Copyright ⓒ 2020 SERSC
Accident Prevention By Automatic Braking System And Multisensors
G.Muthu Brindha1, K.K.Karishma2, A. Mukhesh3, K.K.Nilesh Veeramani4, M.Mohamed
Faizal5, Dr.B.Maruthi Shankar6, B.Vidhya7
1-5UG Student, 6Associate Professor, 7Assistant Professor
1-7Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sri Krishna College
of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore.
Abstract
Nowadays accidents are major cause of death and disability. Human error causes traffic accident
more than machine error. One of the main reasons of this human error is driver’s inattention. At
maximum time driver’s inattention comes from fatigued state and rash driving. So these problems are
solved by monitoring. As accidents are growing more due to driver’s inattention in this paper we
proposed a solution to prevent accidents. This paper is based on monitoring the environment and the
driver through sensors. Automatic speed control system and accident avoidance using sensors are the
main objectives of our project. Here the ultrasonic sensor is placed to maintain the distance between
the vehicles to avoid collision and warns the driver by vibrating the gloves wore by the driver and at
the same time the car horn goes on by warning the targeting obstacle. If still the driver didn’t take any
measures to avoid the obstacle, the car will automatically get slow down. The eye blink sensor is also
integrated which detects the drowsy state of the driver. If the driver is in drowsy state then the driver is
alerted by the sound of buzzer. The prototype of the design has been successfully implemented which
leads to the conclusion that such a system can help in keeping the driver awake at all times while driving
and hence facilitate in avoidance of any traffic accidents involving driver’s alertness.
Keywords— Automatic brake, ultrasonic sensor, vibration motor, automatic horn, eye blink sensor.
INTRODUCTION
Recent surveys states that, the increase in vehicles speed is one of the major constraints for the causes
of road accidents. The road accidents lead to loss of human life. Car accidents are considered one of the
most destructive phenomena. Though there are many different reasons behind car accidents, most
accidents occur due to driver’s unawareness and uncontrolled speed which are the critical problems to
solve. Then during the night time a maximum number of accidents happen as the driver may not be
aware of the upcoming obstacle or the driver may be in the drowsy state. These critical problems can
be solved by our proposed solution which saves the people’s life. Death and disabilities caused to the
people due to the accidents in the roadway can be avoided by our solution.
In this paper, we mainly focus on the systems implemented in order to avoid collisions. In this system
avoidance of collision is achieved by designing an automatic barking system and automatic horn
system. By our proposed solution the collisions due to rash driving and the driver’s drowsy state can
be avoided. These both can be achieved by monitoring the surrounding with the help of ultrasonic sensor
and eye blink sensor. The distance between the obstacle and the vehicle is determined by the ultrasonic
sensor. Similarly the drowsy state of the driver is determined by the eyeblink sensor and it warns the
driver accordingly. Mainly our proposed idea will help the driver when he pays less attention to the
driving during night time.
LITERATURE SURVEY
Several factors such as drunken driving,rash driving,drowsinesss during the drive,etc., are the major
causes for accidents. Accidents due to rash driving and drowsiness are more inclined and need to be
controlled. To control these type of accidents monitoring of the surrrounding is required. Several
literature paper have been studied and analysed for the syatem design. Several pitfalls in the existing
works have beeen identified.

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Vol. 29, No. 8s, (2020), pp. 873-879
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ISSN: 2005-4238 IJAST
Copyright ⓒ 2020 SERSC
A. Drowsiness and sleep detection system
The development of technologies for detecting the drowsy state of the driver is a big challenge in
the field of accident avoidance system. Sleep and drowsy detection system is used to monitor the driver
and alert them to wake the driver from sleep in order to avoid the possibility of collision. There are
various methods for this drowsy detection. One of the method is by fixing a infrared sensor in a wearable
spectacle which monitors the eye blink rate of the driver who wears the spectacle. This system alerts the
driver from the possibility collision as the driver wear the glass while driving the car[2]. If the eye of the
driver is closed for the particular time i.e., for example take more than 3 seconds then the infrared sensor
sense the eye blink rate and send the signal to the buzzer. Then the buzzer gets on. Additional to the
buzzer we can also keep a vibrational motor in the driver seat which will alert the driver from the
drowsiness condition[6]. This system will be more effective than the system with the buzzer alone.
B. Collision avoidance system
In highways there will be close running of the vehicles. When a driver in the vehicle applies the brake
suddenly, due to this a collision with the vehicle behind the vehicle which applied brake might happen.
In such cases, warning and display systems are arranged at the rear side of every vehicle. The Arduino
based collision detection warning system enables vehicles to identify the chances of collision and
give visual and audio warning to driver, so that the driver can take necessary action to avoid
collision. The ultrasonic sensor sense the distance between the obstacle and the car. If there are any
chances of hitting the collision then at first the LED gets on, which is a visual alert to the driver [10]. In
case the driver didn’t take any measures to slow the vehicle then the buzzer gets on, this is a sound alert
for the driver. By this collision avoidance system a vehicle can escape from the upcoming obstacle before
hitting that obstacle which is used to avoid the accidents.
C. Automatic braking system
Automatic braking system is a technology for vehicles that sense an imminent collision with another
vehicle, person or any obstacle or objects which is targeted and applies the brake automatically to slow
down the vehicle to avoid collision. Many accidents are at least partially caused by rash driving. Once
the driver has lost control it is very difficult to drive the vehicle. So to avoid the road accidents and keep
the speed control of vehicles and also to prevent losing of valuable property, it is necessary to have
some safety system which will be the permanent solution for the above problems. Therefore, an
innovative concept is suggested by which it can control the speed of vehicle automatically at given limit
at particular limiting distance and practically by the developed concept system, the problems related to
traffic as well as accidents due to collision will be controlled. In order to detect the presence of obstacle,
ultrasonic sensors are given as inputs. The ultrasonic sensor monitors the surroundings continuously
and detects the presence of obstacle. The range of the ultrasonic sensor may be up to 4 to 4.5 meter.
The ultrasonic sensor sense the surrounding, if any obstacle or vehicle is found by it then it will send
signal to the embedded board[1]. After receiving the signal from the ultrasonic sensor, the embedded
board will send a signal to the DC motor to slow down the car automatically. This is a system where
the vehicle speed is controlled automatically without the driver operation. This system also gives an
alert to the driver while driving the vehicle.
The another automatic braking system implemented is by using the Bluetooth and RFID. In this
system the Radio Frequency Identification is used to sense the distance between the obstacle. The Radio
Frequency Identification which contains readers and tags, uses radio waves to identify the distance
between the targeted obstacle. If the obstacle is found then a message will be sent to the driver in the
car[3]. Based on the distance calculated by the RFID, a signal is sent to the braking system of the car
and slows down the car accordingly. We can also use RF transmitter and receiver instead of Bluetooth
to communicate between two vehicles[8]. The accelerometer can also be used in both the system to find
out the direction of motion of the vehicles.
METHODOLOGY
The proposed work is carried out by integrating the collision avoidance system with automatic
braking system and drowsiness detection system. We have developed automatic speed control system.

International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology
Vol. 29, No. 8s, (2020), pp. 873-879
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ISSN: 2005-4238 IJAST
Copyright ⓒ 2020 SERSC
We have used ultrasonic sensor and infrared sensor to detect the obstacle and drowsiness of the driver
respectively.
A. Novelty
The innovation we brought in our system is a wearable glove. This wearable glove which should be
worn by the driver in which a vibration motor is placed will vibrate the gloves on detection of any
obstacle. This wearable glove will be portable and flexible for the drivers to wear. The existing solution
is provided only with the buzzer sound which cannot be heard by the driver when the driver stuck in a
noisy area. So we have used the vibration motor which can help the driver to overcome the noisy
situation. The vibration motor can be a best alternative way for the drivers to overcome such situation.
Furthermore the innovation we brought here is the automatic horn system which alerts the targeting
obstacle also. The existing solution provides alert only for the drivers who implemented that particular
system in their vehicle. But our innovative solution also provides a warning for the targeted obstacle by
the automatic horn system.
B. Software
The software we have used in our project is Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE).
For the microcontroller we are using we need to use this software to bring the output. In the Arduino
IDE embedded c/c ++ is used to develop the project. The below figure is the flow chart for our project.
Figure 2. Flow chart of the proposed method

International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology
Vol. 29, No. 8s, (2020), pp. 873-879
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ISSN: 2005-4238 IJAST
Copyright ⓒ 2020 SERSC
C. Hardware
The hardware is designed such a way that ultrasonic sensor and infrared sensor acts as input to the
microcontroller. The microcontroller used here is Arduino ATMega-328. Determining the distance
between the obstacle and the vehicle is the main objective of the ultrasonic sensor. Similarly the Eyeblink
sensor is used to detect whether the driver is in drowsy state or not and warns the driver accordingly. To
the ultrasonic sensor a buzzer, a vibration motor and a DC motor is attached. For drowsy detection,
infrared sensor which is placed on a wearable spectacle is connected to the buzzer. Here the vibration
motor is placed on a glove which should be worn by the driver while driving which is used to prevent
the upcoming collision by vibrating the glove. Then the buzzer connected to the ultrasonic sensor acts as
the vehicle horn, the DC motor acts as the vehicle engine which is used to slow down the car engine.
Mainly our proposed idea will help the driver when he pays less attention to the driving during night
time.
Figure 1. Block diagram of the proposed method
The working of our proposed idea is explained below, when the car starts, the DC motor which acts
as the vehicle engine starts to rotate. The ultrasonic sensor senses the surrounding by which if any
obstacle is detected at a particular distance then the vibration motor and the buzzer goes on at the same
time. The vibration motor is placed on a glove which is worn by the driver while driving. When the
vibration motor turns on the glove starts vibrating which is used to indicate the driver from the upcoming
collision. Then the buzzer which acts as the vehicle horn system is used to warn the upcoming obstacle
from the collision. This automatic horn system is used to avoid collision. If still the driver didn’t take
any measures to slow down the car from the targeting obstacle, then the DC motor slows down. Here the
DC motor acts as the vehicle engine system. So the car slows down automatically to avoid the car from
hitting the targeted obstacle.
The next is the driver drowsiness detection system. In this system an infrared sensor is stick to a
wearable spectacle. This spectacle should be worn by the driver while driving maximum at night time.
Mainly this spectacle prevents the driver from drowsiness during night time. The infrared sensors senses
the movement of eye while driving. If the eye is closed more than 30 seconds then the infrared sensor
send signal to the buzzer which gets on. This sound of the buzzer alerts the driver by waking him up
from the drowsy state. Because of rash driving and drowsiness many accidents are happening. By our
proposed method these can be avoided at a minimal level. The Figure 1 describes our working prototype.
Our working prototype is the integration of collision avoidance system and driver’s drowsiness detection
system.

International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology
Vol. 29, No. 8s, (2020), pp. 873-879
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ISSN: 2005-4238 IJAST
Copyright ⓒ 2020 SERSC
Figure 3. Hardware of the proposed method
RESULT DISCUSSION
The result analysis of our system is explained below. The output reading of the ultrasonic sensor
module is shown in the table 1. When the distance x between the ultrasonic sensor and the obstacle is
less than 100 and greater than 80, the vibration motor and the buzzer turns on. When the distance x
between the ultrasonic sensor and the obstacle is less than 80 and greater than 40 the DC motor gets
slow down.
TABLE 1: ULTRASONIC SENSOR
S.No.
Sensor parameters
Ultrasonic sensor
reading(cm)
Triggering
1
80 < x < 100
Vibration motor,
buzzer
2
40 < x < 80
DC motor
The output reading of the infrared sensor is shown in the table 2. When the infrared sensor detects
the movement of the eyes, if the eye is closed for more than 30 sec then the buzzer will be triggered.
This will detect the drowsy state of the driver.
TABLE 2: INFRARED SENSOR
S.No.
Sensor parameters
Infrared sensor
reading(sec)
Triggering
1
x > 30
Buzzer

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Copyright ⓒ 2020 SERSC
In real world situation the environment is so different that it is very difficult to make the system false
free. The future research for this paper has to focus more on determining the suitable scenarios for
various drivers. The main disadvantage of our system is that it can operate only on certain distance. The
ultrasonic sensor operates only on certain distance. Also another one disadvantage of this system is to
wear the glove and the spectacles while driving. Every time the driver drives a vehicle he needs to wear
this glove and the spectacles.
CONCLUSION
The purpose of this paper is to decrease the accidents due to rash driving and drowsiness. By this
system we can achieve it. Here a prototype for the vehicle is developed which can be integrated to form
an application for installing in vehicles in future. In the proposed project we have taken up only two
parameters, the system can further be modified by addition of more sophisticated designs.
The future work that can be made is to protect the ultrasonic sensor from being damaged. Though
we have many prevention techniques to avoid accidents then also it happens due to drivers inattention.
There may be very rare cases like the passerby calling for an ambulance in case of emergency situations.
So there might be a delay in rescuing the people met with the accident. This situation can be avoided
by an automatic accident detection system which gives a clear way for the ambulance vehicles on road
to reach their destination in least time without delay [5]. This system will track and locate the
geographical location of the injured person and sends an SMS alert to the nearest hospital. It is a
completely automated system, as it finds the accident location which helps the injured people to reach
the nearest hospital in time. This system can also be integrated with WIFI module to send and receive
the message from the two vehicles[9].
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Copyright ⓒ 2020 SERSC
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