Cercidospora lecidomae (Dothideales, Ascomycetes), a new lichenicolous fungus from the North Holarctic

Abstract

Cercidospora lecidomae Zhurb. & Triebel (Dothideales, Ascomycetes) is described from the north of Holarctic, growing on apothecia and thalli of Lecidoma demissum. Its features and generic placement are discussed. A table with key characteristics and the host lichens of all known Cercidospora species is presented.

Full text

Lichenological Contributions in Honour of G.B. Feige.
M. Jensen (ed.): Bibliotheca Lichenologica 86: xxx-xxx.
J. Cramer in der Gebrüder Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung, Berlin · Stuttgart, 2002
Cercidospora lecidomae (Dothideales, Ascomycetes),
a new lichenicolous fungus from the North Holarctic
M. ZHURBENKO1 & D. TRIEBEL2
1 Lab. of the Systematics and Geography of Fungi, Komarov Botanical Institute,
Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor Popov 2, 197376, St.-Petersburg, Russia
2 Botanische Staatssammlung München, Mycology Dept., Menzinger Strasse 67,
D–80638 München, Germany
Abstract: Cercidospora lecidomae Zhurb. & Triebel (Dothideales, Ascomycetes) is described
from the north of Holarctic, growing on apothecia and thalli of Lecidoma demissum. Its
features and generic placement are discussed. A table with key characteristics and the host
lichens of all known Cercidospora species is presented.
Introduction
At present, twenty three species of Cercidospora Körb. are recognized (Tab. 1),
and at least nine additional species are known, but not yet formally described
(NAVARRO-ROSINÉS et al. 1996, SANTESSON 1993). The genus is anatomically
well-characterized. It belongs to the Dothideales, but the placement in a family is
still uncertain. The monotypic genus Trematosphaeriopsis Elenkin might be
closely related (HAFELLNER 2001). For a description of both genera and for
literature see the generic data sets of the LIAS database (RAMBOLD & TRIEBEL
1995–2002). The majority of Cercidospora species live on crustose or – more
rarely – fruticose lichens over soil and rocks. All lichenicolous taxa of the genus
are confined to lecanoralean lichens. This might be an indication for a strong
coevolution between Cercidospora and the lichen order Lecanorales Nannf.
Cercidospora species inhabit different parts of the host lichens – hymenium,
cephalodia and thallus – and develop a wide range of biological relationships. The
species described below fits well into the generic concept.
Material and methods
The material was examined by means of standard microscopic techniques. The
external appearance was studied with a dissecting LOMO Stereomicroscope
MBS–1 at a magnification of x 8–56. Anatomical characters were studied using
LOMO MBR–3 and ZEISS Axioplan light microscopes. Apart from hand-cut
sections, a LEITZ freezing microtome was used for sections. The material was
mounted in water, 1% Brilliant Cresyl Blue (CBr), 10% KOH (K), 50% HNO3

(N), or in Lugol’s solution with and without pre-treatment with KOH ( K/I and I
respectively). Measurements of anatomical characters were performed in water
and are rounded to the nearest 0.5 µm. Measurements of the size of asci and
ascospores have been given as: (min.–) {X–SD}–X–{X+SD} (–max.), where min.
and max. are the extreme values, X the arithmetic mean, and SD the
corresponding standard deviation. The type and additional specimens examined
are housed in LE, M and UPS.
Cercidospora lecidomae Zhurb. & Triebel sp. nov.
Fungus lichenicola in apotheciis et thallis lichenis Lecidoma demissum crescit,
zonas necroticas circulares producens. Ascomata perithecioidea, globosa ad
ellipsoidea, (0.05–)0.1–0.15(–0.2) mm in diametro, immersa, peridiis viridibus.
Filamenta interascalia ramosa et anastomosantia, 1(–1.5) µm crassa. Asci
fissitunicati, cylindrici ad subobclavati, (37–)45.5–52–58.5(–66) x (10–)11–12.5–
14.4(–15.5) µm, (4–)8-spori. Ascosporae anguste soleiformes, 1–3-septatae,
cellulis inaequalibus, (13–)15–17–18(–20) x (3.5–)4.5–5–5.5(–6) µm, hyalinae.
Similis Cercidosporae cladoniicolae, sed ab ea imprimis differt peridio
aeruginoso. Similis Cercidosporae lichenicolae, sed ab ea imprimis differt sporis
minoribus et 1–3-septatis.
Type: SWEDEN. Torne Lappmark: Jukkasjärvi, Abisko district, Njutum, elev.
ca. 600 m, behind a boulder, on Lecidoma demissum (apothecia, thallus),
14.VII.1919, A. H. Magnusson 3141 (UPS – holotype).
Fig. 1: Cercidospora lecidomae (LE 207636).
Ascospores. Scale = 10 µm.
Fig. 2: Cercidospora
lecidomae (LE 207636).
Ascus. Scale = 10 µm.
Ascomata perithecioid, ellipsoid to globose or ampulliform, sometimes with
flattened basis, (0.05–)0.1–0.15(–2) mm diam., with ostiole 20–30 µm diam.,
smooth, black, 3/4 to 5/6 immersed or protruding only in the ostiolar area,
separate from each other but aggregated in groups of 20–80 in an infection patch.
Ascomatal wall of textura epidermoidea, 8–20 µm thick, thickest near the ostiole
(up to 30µm), emerald to glaucous green, dark in the upper part, particularly in the
ostiolar area, and pale to almost colourless in the lower part, I–, K/I–, K–, CBr–,
N+ vinaceous brownish. Hymenial gel I–, K/I–. Hamathecium of branched,
anastomosing paraphysoid-like interascal filaments, 1(–1.5) µm thick, with

individual cells 5–12 µm long, not swollen at the apices. Asci bitunicate,
fissitunicate, cylindrical to cylindrical-sublageniform (Fig. 2), with flattened apex,
short stalk and short ocular chamber, (37–)45.5–52–58.5(–66) x (10–)11–12.5–
14.4(–15.5) µm (n = 35), (4–)8-spored; ascus wall apically 2.5–3 µm, laterally
1.2–1.5 µm thick, I– , K/I–; ascoplast I+ red-orange, K/I+ red-orange (dextrinoid
reaction). Ascospores narrowly slipper-shaped with narrower to attenuated lower
part, straight or occasionally slightly curved (Fig. 1), (13–)15–17–18(–20) x (3.5–
)4.5–5–5.5(–6) µm (n = 50), length : width = 3.4, 1–3-transseptate, not or slightly
constricted at the septum, smooth-walled, no perispore observed, hyaline,
biseriate or uniseriate. Conidiomata and vegetative hyphae not observed.
Host: Cercidospora lecidomae was found on the thalli and hymenium of
apothecia of the terricolous lichen Lecidoma demissum (Rutstr.) Gotth. Schneid.
& Hertel.
Biology: The species is evidently pathogenic, since it causes markedly
discoloured patches on the host hymenium and thallus.
Fig. 3: Cercidospora lecidomae (LE 207636). Habitus. Scale = 10 µm.
Distribution and habitat: The species is known from four localities in Russia
and Sweden, belonging to the polar desert and tundra zones of the Arctic and
alpine belt in the Subarctic. It usually grows there in the dwarf–shrub–moss–
lichen tundra communities.
Note: Half of the known Cercidospora species are associated with lichens which
have arctic-alpine or arcto-boreal distribution patterns e.g. species growing on
Arthrorhaphis, Megaspora, Rhizocarpon, Rinodina, Stereocaulon and Thamnolia.
Therefore, the evolution centre of the genus might well be in the northern
Holarctic.

Etymology: The epithet lecidomae refers to the host species, Lecidoma demissum.
Additional specimens examined (all on apothecia and thallus of Lecidoma
demissum): RUSSIA. Chukotka: Chukchi Peninsula: Gilmymlinei Mt by Ioni
Lake, scree dwarf–shrub–moss–lichen tundra, 3.VII.1977, I. I. Makarova (LE
207632, M). Lavrentiya Bay, just south of Lavrentiya settlement, dwarf–shrub–
moss–lichen tundra, 22.VIII.1975, I. I. Makarova (LE 207634). – Krasnoyarsk
Territory: Central Siberia, Severnaya Zemlya, northern coast of Bolshevik Is.,
peninsula with Cape Baranova, Ostantsovaya River at 2–3 km above its mouth,
79°13’ N, 102°02’ E, elev. 60 m, closed lichen–moss community along margin of
the abrupt river bank, 12.VII.1996, M. P. Zhurbenko 96124 (LE 207636;
associated with Cercidospora lichenicola growing on adjacent algal and lichen
crusts), 96127, 96126, 96123 (LE 207638, 207639, 207633; associated with
Dactylospora deminuta and Merismatium sp. on thallus of Lecidoma demissum).
Discussion
Cercidospora lecidomae is distinguished from the majority of the species in the
genus, which are parasymbionts or mild parasites, by its marked pathogenity.
Regarding this biological feature and regarding the peridium pigments, C.
lecidomae is close to Cercidospora lichenicola, but differs from the latter by its
smaller and less septate ascospores. Among the Cercidospora species with 1–3-
septate spores it is close to Cercidospora cladoniicola by its spore size, but clearly
differs from the latter by the colour of peridium pigments (green vs. brown).
Cercidospora thamnoliicola differs from C. lecidomae in its brown peridium
pigments, and additionally has shorter spores. Cercidospora soror is similar to C.
lecidomae by its aeruginose pigments, but differs from the latter, for instance, by
(2–)4-spored asci, and somewhat larger spores, which have sometimes more than
three septa. Additionally all these species colonize hosts belonging to different
genera (see Tab. 1).
Acknowledgements
We thank Dr Irina Makarova (St.-Petersburg, Russia) who put her unidentified
lichen collections at the disposal of the first author. The curator of UPS is thanked
for the loan of material. We are grateful to Eva Hofmann (München, Germany)
and Alan Orange (Cardiff, U. K.) for kindly reviewing the English. The studies of
M. Z. have been financially supported by the Russian Fund for Basic Researches
(RFBR grant 00-04-49439).

Tab. 1: Key characteristics and host lichens of the known Cercidospora species
Cercidospora
species
Peridium
colour
Number
of
ascospores
per ascus
Number
of septa
per
ascospore
Ascospore
size (µm) Host lichens and other substrates References
C. caudata Kernst.
[=Didymella
epipolytropa (Mudd)
Sacc. var. caudata
(Kernst.) Vouaux]
blue to emerald
green or gray
green
4–8 1
(16–)22–25(–
35) x (3–)5–
6(–7)
Caloplaca aurantiaca,C. ferruginea, C.
lactea, Caloplaca sp. (apothecia)
HAFELLNER 1987, KEISSLER 1930,
VOUAUX 1913
C. cecidiiformans
Grube & Hafellner olive-brown (6–)8 1 13–15.5–19 x
5–6–8
Rhizocarpon geographicum, R. frigidum
(thallus)
HAFELLNER 1993
C. cephalodiorum
Triebel & Grube dark brown (6–)8 1
(13–)14–
17.5(–18) x
(4–)5–6(–7)
Pilophorus dovrensis (cephalodia)
TRIEBEL 1989, ZHURBENKO 2002
C. cladoniicola
Alstrup brown (5–)8 (1–)3
(12–)16–20 x
(3.5–)5-6
Cladina arbuscula, C. mitis, Cladonia
portentosa (thallus) ALSTRUP 1997, ZHURBENKO 2002
C. collematum
Steiner violet-brown 6–8 1 22–28 x 6–8 Collema granosum (thallus) VOUAUX 1913
C. crozalsiana (H.
Olivier) Nav.-Ros.,
Cl. Roux & Casares
reddish-brown 8 1(–3) 19–26(32) x
4.5–6(7)
Squamarina cartilaginea, S. lentigera, S.
stella-petraea (thallus)
NAVARRO-ROSINÉS et al. 1995,
VOUAUX 1913
C. decolorella (Nyl.)
O. E. Erikss. & J. Z.
Yue
glaucous green
to aeruginose 5–8 3–5 17.5–23 x 6.5–
7.5
terricolous algal films and mosses possibly
also decaying lichen thalli (Mycobilimbia
sp., Pannaria pezizoides, Peltigera spp.,
Solorina spp.)
ERIKSSON 1992, KARATYGIN et al.
1999, SANTESSON1993, ZHURBENKO
2002, ZHURBENKO & HAFELLNER
1999, ZHURBENKO et al. 1995
C. epicarphinea
(Nyl.) Grube &
Hafellner
brown (6–)8 1 15–23(–25) x
(5–)6–8
Caloplaca aurantia, C. carphinea, C.
modesta, C. scoriophila (apothecia, thallus)
GRUBE & HAFELLNER 1990,
TRIEBEL et al. 1991; VOUAUX 1913

Tab. 1: continued
C. epipolytropa
(Mudd) Arnold
olive-brown to
bluish or
emerald green
(4–)8 1
(13–)14–18(–
30) x (3.5–)4–
6(–8)
mainly Lecanora polytropa-group: L. Cf.
dispersa, L. frustulosa, L. geophila, L.
gisleriana, L. intricata, L. orbicularis, L.
polytropa (incl. var. alpigena), L.
stenotropa, Rhizoplaca melanophthalma,
Squamarina lentigera (apothecia, thallus)
ALSTRUP & HAWKSWORTH 1990,
DIEDERICH & SÉRUSIAUX 2000,
HAFFELNER 1987, KEISSLER 1930,
KOCOURKOVÁ 2000, POELT 1986,
SANTESSON 1960, 1993, TRIEBEL et
al. 1991, VOUAUX 1913,
ZHURBENKO 2002, ZHURBENKO &
SANTESSON 1996
C. exiguella (Nyl.)
Arnold [=Didymella
epipolytropa (Mudd)
Sacc. var. exiguella
(Nyl.) Vouaux]
blue (2–)4 1
13.5–27 x 4.5–
6.5(–8)
Rinodina mniaraea var. mniaraea, R.
Mniaraea var. cinnamomea, R. exigua,
saxicolous R. sp. (apothecia, thallus)
GRUBE & HAFELLNER 1990,
KEISSLER 1930, SANTESSON 1993,
VOUAUX 1913, ZHURBENKO 2002
C. galligena
Hafellner (ined.) Aspicilia sp. (thallus) SANTESSON 1993
C. lecidomae Zhurb.
& Triebel
emerald to
glaucous green (4–)8 1–3
(13–)15–17–
18(–20) x
(3.5–)4.5–5–
5.5(–6)
Lecidoma demissum (apothecia, thallus) present publication
C. lichenicola (Zopf)
Hafellner
emerald to
glaucous green (4–)8 (3–)4–6(–
8)
18–23(–27) x
4.5–6(–9)
Micarea incrassata, Mycobilimbia
hypnorum, Ochrolechia inaequatula,
Pannaria pezizoides, Peltigera malacea, P.
leucophlebia, Phaeorrhiza nimbosa,
Psoroma hypnorum, Solorina crocea,
Sphaerophorus globosus (apothecia,
thallus)
HAFELLNER 1987, KARATYGIN et al.
1999, SANTESSON 1993,
ZHURBENKO 2002, unpublished data,
ZOPF 1897

Tab. 1: continued
C. macrospora
(Uloth) Hafellner &
Nav.-Ros. [= C.
ulothii Körb,
Didymella
epipolytropa (Mudd)
Sacc. var. ulothii
Vouaux]
brownish-green 4(–8) 1 20–24(–30) x
5–7(–8)
mainly Lecanora muralis group: L. christoi,
L. dispersoareolata, L. garovaglii, L.
mellea, L. muralis (incl. var. dubyi), L.
novomexicana, L. versicolor, Rhizoplaca
chrysoleuca, Rhizoplaca melanophthalma
(apothecia, thallus)
HAFELLNER 1987, KEISSLER 1930,
KOCOURKOVÁ 2000, NAVARRO-
ROSINÉS et al. 1996, SANTESSON
1960, TRIEBEL & SCHOLZ 2001,
TRIEBEL et al. 1991, VOUAUX 1913
C. parva Hafellner &
Ihlen green 4–8 1 12–15(–16) x
4–5(–6) Baeomyces placophyllus, B. rufus (thallus) IHLEN 1998, ZHURBENKO &
SANTESSON 1996
C. pluriseptata
(Nyl.) Zopf brown 8 3–7 19–29 x 4.5–5
“Protoparmeliopsis muralis” (type
specimen), unidentified sterile crustose
lichen on rock (possibly Lecanora s.l.)
(thallus)
ALSTRUP et al. 1994, KEISSLER 1930
C. solearispora
Calatayud, Nav.-
Ros. & Hafellner
(ined.)
blue-green 1 (19–)21–28 x
6–8.5
Aspicilia cinerea, A. contorta, A. sp.
(thallus) KOCOURKOVÁ 2000
C. soror Obermayer
& Triebel
green and
aeruginose (2–)4 (1–)3(–6)
(13–)16–22(–
26) x 5–6(–8)
Arthrorhaphis alpina (incl. var. jungens), A.
citrinella, A. vacillans (thallus)
HAFELLNER & OBERMAYER 1995,
HANSEN & OBERMAYER 1999,
IHLEN 1997
C. stereocaulorum
(Arnold) Hafellner
(emerald-)
green to olive (2–)4(–8) (1–)3(–6)
(15–)19–22.5–
25.5(–30) x
(4–)5.5–6–7(–
8)
Stereocaulon alpinum, S. arcticum, S.
arenarium, S. botryosum, S. capitellatum, S.
condensatum, S. dactylophyllum, S.
depressum, S. evolutum, S. glareosum, S.
groenlandicum, S. intermedium, S.
paschale, S. rivulorum, S. saxatile, S.
subcoralloides, S. symphycheilum, S.
tomentosum, S. vesuvianum (apothecia,
cephalodia, thallus)
ALSTRUP & HAWKSWORTH 1990,
ALSTRUP et al. 1994, HAFELLNER
1987, HAWKSWORTH 1982,
KARATYGIN et al. 1999, SANTESSON
1993, ZHURBENKO 2002

Tab. 1: continued
C. thamnoliicola
Ihlen brown (4–)6 3 11–14(–16)
x 4–6
Thamnolia vermicularis var.
vermicularis, T. vermicularis var.
subuliformis ( thallus)
IHLEN 1995, ZHURBENKO &
SANTESSON 1996
C. trypetheliza
(Nyl.) Hafellner
& Obermayer [=
C.
arthroraphidicol
a Alstrup]
green 8 1
(13–)15–
17(–19) x
4.5–5.5
Arthrorhaphis alpina (incl. var.
jungens), A. citrinella, A. vacillans
(thallus)
ALSTRUP et al. 1994,
HAFELLNER & OBERMAYER
1995, HANSEN & OBERMAYER
1999, IHLEN 1997, POELT &
HAFELLNER 1976, VAINIO
1921, ZHURBENKO &
POSPELOVA 2001, ZHURBENKO
& SANTESSON 1996
C. verrucosaria
(Linds.) Arnold brown 4(–6) 1 18–26 x 5–7 Megaspora verrucosa (thallus and
thalline margin of apothecia)
KOCOURKOVÁ 2000, TRIEBEL
& SCHOLZ 2001, ZHURBENKO
2002
C. xanthoriae
(Wedd.) R. Sant.
brownish-
green 4–8 1
(16–)22–
25(–28) x
(3–)5–6(–7)
Xanthopeltis sp., Xanthoria elegans
(apothecia, thallus)
ALSTRUP & HAWKSWORTH
1990, DIEDERICH &
SÉRUSIAUX 2000, HAFELLNER
1993, SANTESSON 1993,
WEDDELL 1874

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