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Herzogia 27 (1), 2014: 93 –109 93
Opegrapha bryoriae sp. nov. and other lichenicolous fungi from
Asian Russia
Mikhail P. Zhurbenko*& Svetlana E. Vershinina
Abstract: Zhurbenko, M. P. & Vershinina, S. E. 2014. Opegrapha bryoriae sp. nov. and other lichenicolous fungi
from Asian Russia. – Herzogia 27: 93 −109.
Thirty three species of lichenicolous fungi are reported from Asian Russia. Opegrapha bryoriae sp. nov. (on Bryoria
capillaris) is introduced. Presumably new species of Cercidospora (on Cladonia pyxidata), Endococcus (on Evernia
esorediosa), Lichenopeltella (on Nephroma arcticum) and Xenonectriella (on Nephroma helveticum) are informally
described, illustrated and discussed. Emended descriptions and illustrations of poorly known species Endococcus tri-
colorans, Phaeospora arctica and Polycoccum superficiale are provided. Lichenopeltella cetrariicola, L. lobariae and
Pseudoseptoria usneae are reported new to Asia and Russia; Endococcus tricolorans and Polycoccum superficiale are
new to Asia; Clypeococcum hypocenomycis and Cornutispora lichenicola are new to Asian Russia. Cetraria is reported
as new host genus for Phaeospora arctica, Nephroma for Lichenopeltella lobariae, Nephromopsis for Endococcus tri-
colorans and Lichenostigma maureri; Peltigera aphthosa is reported as new host species for Polycoccum superficiale.
Zusammenfassung: Zhurbenko, M. P. & Vershinina, S. E. 2014. Opegrapha bryoriae sp. nov. und andere licheni-
cole Pilze aus dem asiatischen Teil Russlands. – Herzogia 27: 93 −109.
Über dreiunddreißig Arten lichenicoler Pilze aus dem asiatischen Teil Russlands wird berichtet. Opegrapha bryo-
riae sp. nov. (auf Bryoria capillaris) wird beschrieben. Vermutlich neue Arten von Cercidospora (auf Cladonia
pyxidata), Endococcus (auf Evernia esorediosa), Lichenopeltella (auf Nephroma arcticum) und Xenonectriella
(auf Nephroma helveticum) werden textlich und im Bild dargestellt und diskutiert. Für die kaum bekannten Arten
Endococcus tricolorans, Phaeospora arctica und Polycoccum superficiale werden emendierte Beschreibungen und
Illustrationen angeboten. Lichenopeltella cetrariicola, L. lobariae und Pseudoseptoria usneae sind neu für Asien und
Russland; Endococcus tricolorans und Polycoccum superficiale sind neu für Asien; Clypeococcum hypocenomycis
und Cornutispora lichenicola sind neu für den asiatischen Teil Russlands. Cetraria wird als neue Wirtsgattung für
Phaeospora arctica vorgestellt, Nephroma für Lichenopeltella lobariae, Nephromopsis für Endococcus tricolorans
und Lichenostigma maureri; Peltigera aphthosa wird als neue Wirtsart für Polycoccum superficiale angegeben.
Key words: New species, taxonomy, biogeography, ecology, taiga zone, Siberia.
Introduction
Lichenicolous fungi of Asian Russia are satisfyingly explored only in its Arctic part
(Zhurbenko 2007, 2009a, b, Kristinsson et al. 2010). This explains many novelties obtained
in the course of revision by the first author of a rather random lichen collection from taiga zone
of Asian Russia (mostly from Siberia) provided to him by the second author. The results of the
revision presented in this paper include description of one new and four possibly new species
of lichenicolous fungi, new taxonomical observations and new information on geographical
distribution and hosts of a number of these fungi species.
* corresponding author
94 Herzogia 27 (1), 2014
Material and methods
This study is based on 49 specimens of lichenicolous fungi examined with Zeiss microscopes
Stemi 2000−CS and Axio Imager A1 equipped with Nomarski differential interference con-
trast optics (DIC). The examination was done in water, 10 % KOH (K), Lugol’s iodine, directly
(I) or after a KOH pre-treatment (K/I), 10 % HNO3 (N), phloxin or brilliant cresyl blue. The
length, breadth and length/breadth ratio (l/b) of asci, ascospores and conidia are given (where n
> 10) as: (min−){X−SD}−{X+SD}(−max), where min and max are the extreme values, X the
arithmetic mean and SD the corresponding standard deviation. Measurements were taken from
water mounts, unless otherwise indicated. The colour terms correspond to Flora of British
Fungi (1969) or Petersen (1996). The classification of the Ascomycota and the nomenclature
of the host lichens follow Lumbsch & Huhndorf (2007) and Esslinger (2012) respectively.
Examined specimens are housed in the mycological herbarium of the V. L. Komarov Botanical
Institute in St.-Petersburg (LE-Fungi).
The species
Cercidospora sp. (Fig. 1)
Yakutiya Republic, Olekminskii Reserve, Dzhikimda Cabin, 59°02’04’’N/121°43’59’’E, stone field with mosses
and lichens among shrubs, on Cladonia pyxidata (aged podetia), 30.07.2011, S. E. Vershinina (LE 260767).
Ascomata perithecioid, subglobose, 60 –100 µm diam., mostly ¼–1/3 protruding, exposed parts black
and glossy, with distinct ostiole up to 30 µm diam., dispersed. Exciple purplish brown, K– or here and
there acquiring dark bluish grey hue. Interascal filaments rather sparse, filiform, ca. 1.5 µm diam.,
apically not swollen, septate, branching not observed. Hymenial gel I and K/I−. Asci subcylindrical
or moderately thickened in lower part, with a short foot, wall markedly thickened at the apex, some-
times with distinct small ocular chamber, (43 –)46 –58(– 64) × (8.5 –)9.5 –11.5(–13) µm (n = 17, in
water, I or K/I), wall I and K/I–, 8-spored. Ascospores hyaline, very narrowly obovoid to narrowly
soleiform, (0 –)1-septate, more or less heteropolar, with wider and occasionally up to 2 times longer
upper cell, ends rather acute, not or slightly constricted at the septum, (12.0 –)13.2–16.6(–19.2) ×
(3.5 –)4.3 –5.3(– 6.0) µm, l/b = (2.3 –)2.6 –3.6(– 4.8) (n = 85, in water or K/I), usually with 1– 6 large
guttules in each cell, smooth-walled, non-halonate, irregularly biseriate in the ascus. Distinct patho-
genicity not observed.
So far two species of Cercidospora Körb. have been reported from Cladonia, viz. C. cladoniicola
Alstrup, known only from this host genus, and C. punctillata (Nyl.) R.Sant., colonizing a wide range
of host genera (Alstrup 1997, Zhurbenko & Alstrup 2004). The former one differs from the exa-
mined material in its (1–)3-septate, often homopolar and somewhat longer ascospores (12–)14.5 –18.5
(–21) × (3.5 –)4 –5 µm (n = 66, in water or K) (specimens of Cercidospora cladoniicola examined for
comparison); the latter differs in its (1–)3 –5(– 6)-septate, bigger ascospores, (14 –)18.5 –25(–33) ×
(4 –)4.5 – 6(–9) µm and emerald to glaucous green exciple (Zhurbenko & Triebel 2003, Zhurbenko
2012a). Three species of Cercidospora are known to have exclusively or mainly 8-spored asci, 1-sep-
tate ascospores and more or less brown exciple, viz. C. cecidiiformans Grube & Hafellner (growing on
species of Rhizocarpon), C. epicarphinea (Nyl.) Grube & Hafellner (on Caloplaca carphinea group)
and C. galligena Hafellner & Nav.-Ros. (on Aspicilia and Circinaria species). Cercidospora cecidi-
iformans differs from the examined specimen in having wider ascospores, 13 –19 × 5 – 8 µm, atypi-
cal for the genus I+ red, K/I+ blue reaction of the hymenial gel and in inducing galls (Hafellner
1993); C. epicarphinea has larger ascomata, 100−200 µm diam., and larger ascospores, 15 –23(–25) ×
(5 –)6 – 8 µm (Navarro-Rosinés et al. 2004); C. galligena has larger ascomata, (100 –)120 –190 µm
diam., slightly larger ascospores, (13.5 –)14 –19 × 5 – 6(–7) µm and is a gall-inducer (Navarro-Rosinés
et al. 2009). Thus examined material probably represents an undescribed species of Cercidospora
close to C. cladoniicola but additional finds are necessary to verify this.
Zhurbenko & Vershinina: Opegrapha bryoriae sp. nov. and other lichenicolous fungi from Asian Russia 95
Specimens of Cercidospora cladoniicola examined for comparison: Svalbard, on Cladonia symphycar-
pa (LE 261631) and C. pocillum (LE 261611). Russia, Northern Ural, on C. portentosa (LE 210226).
Clypeococcum hypocenomycis D.Hawksw.
Yakutiya Republic, Olekminskii Reserve, Maksimovskii Cabin, 58°08’08’’N/123°01’14’’E, Picea-Larix forest, on
Hypocenomyce scalaris (squamules), 11.08.2012, S. E. Vershinina (LE 260903).
New to Asian Russia.
Cornutispora lichenicola D.Hawksw. & B.Sutton
Irkutsk Region, Slyudyanskii District, Rassokha railway station, 52°01’57’’N/104°04’49’’E, on Hypogymnia phy-
sodes (lobes) growing on Pinus, 16.09.2012, S. E. Vershinina (LE 260877).
Induces pale brown necrotic patches surrounded by black rim.
New to Asian Russia.
Corticifraga fuckelii (Rehm) D.Hawksw. & R.Sant.
Yakutiya Republic, Olekminskii Reserve, Maksimovskii Cabin, 58°08’03’’N/122°59’04’’E, on Peltigera rufescens
(mostly on galls induced by Refractohilum peltigerae, also on upper lobe surface), 9.08.2012, S. E. Vershinina (LE
260993b).
Formerly known in Yakutiya from lower Lena River and middle Indigirka River (Zhurbenko 2009b).
Fig. 1: Cercidospora sp. on Cladonia pyxidata (LE 260767). A – ascomata habitus. B – interascal filaments (in K).
C – asci with spores (in K/I). D – ascospores (in water). Bars: A = 50 µm; B–D = 10 µm.
96 Herzogia 27 (1), 2014
Corticifraga peltigerae (Fuckel) D.Hawksw. & R.Sant.
Yakutiya Republic, Olekminskii Reserve, Maksimovskii Cabin, 58°08’03’’N/122°59’39’’E, on Peltigera didac-
tyla (lobes), 9.08.2012, S. E. Vershinina (LE 261094); ibid., 58°08’08’’N/122°58’32’’E, on P. malacea (lobes),
12.08.2012, S. E. Vershinina (LE 261035).
Formerly known in Yakutiya from lower Lena River, lower Kolyma River and middle Indigirka River
(Zhurbenko 2009b, Zhurbenko et al. 2005).
Cystobasidium hypogymniicola Diederich & Ahti
Irkutsk Region, Tulunskii District, Yarmenskie Lakes, 53°25’17”N/100°18’13”E, on Hypogymnia vittata (lobes),
19.07.1997, S. E. Vershinina (LE 260837).
Formerly known in Asian Russia only from Sverdlovsk Region (Shiryaev et al. 2010).
Endococcus nanellus Ohlert
Yakutiya Republic, Olekminskii Reserve, Ytylakh Island, 58°33’43’’N/121°32’47’’E, Pinus-Larix forest, on
Stereocaulon tomentosum (thallus, rarely apothecia), 1.08.2011, S. E. Vershinina (LE 260657).
Formerly known in Yakutiya from middle Indigirka River (Zhurbenko 2010).
Endococcus tricolorans Alstrup (Fig. 2C, D)
Buryatiya Republic, Tunkinskii District, Arshan settlement, Kyngarga Creek, 51°55’22’’N/102°24’59’’E, on
Nephromopsis komarovii (lobes) growing on rocks, 18.08.1997, S. E. Vershinina (LE 260697a, associated with
Phoma sp.).
Vegetative hyphae pale brown, mostly 2–5 µm diam., septate, constricted at the septa. Ascomata
black, subglobose, 75 –100 µm diam., with conspicuous ostiole, immersed to ½ protruding, dispersed.
Exciple moderate to dark grayish reddish brown, K+ brownish or olive gray, in surface view of tex-
tura angularis, of cells 4 –12 µm lengthways. Hamathecium not observed. Hymenial gel I and K/I–.
Asci obclavate (wider below) to narrowly ellipsoid, with short foot, sometimes with distinct small
ocular chamber, (40 –)48 – 61(– 62) × 9 –13(–16.5) µm (n = 15, in water, I or K/I), wall I and K/I–,
8-spored. Ascospores hyaline at first then soon pale to medium grayish brown, narrowly obovoid
(with wider upper cell), straight, ends rounded or rarely somewhat acute, (8.5 –)9.3 –12.3(–17.8) ×
(3.5 –)3.9 – 4.7(–5.0) µm, l/b = (2.0 –)2.1–2.9(– 4.7) (n = 143, in water, I or K/I), 1-septate, mostly
slightly or sometimes markedly constricted at the septum, usually with 1(–2) large guttules in each
cell, wall ca. 0.5 µm thick, verruculose as seen at DIC, seemingly occasionally with halo up to 1 µm
thick, irregularly biseriate in the ascus. Infection causes distinct grey patches up to 5 mm lengthways
on the host lobes sometimes surrounded by brown rim.
So far the species was known from a few collections in Denmark growing on Platismatia glauca
(Alstrup 1993, Christensen et al. 1995). There are some discrepancies between our observations
and the species protologue, where its exciple was said to be black, asci somewhat shorter (45 –50 ×
10 –13 µm) and ascospores dark brown and smooth-walled (Alstrup 1993). However, we doubt that
the exciple can be really black in the genus and the ascospore ornamentation could be overlooked as the
author of the species used microscope not equipped with DIC optics (V. Alstrup, pers. comm., 2014).
The other differences including the new host genus Nephromopsis from the same family Parmeliaceae
could well fall within the species range of variation.
New to Asia. Nephromopsis is a new host genus.
Endococcus sp. (Fig. 2A, B)
Irkutsk Region, Bratsk District, Chora River, 55°36’16’’N/103°34’15’’E, Larix forest, on Evernia esorediosa (apo-
thecia, branches), 15.09.2011, K. E. Vershinin (LE 260857a).
Ascomata black, glossy, subglobose, 50 –90 µm diam., with ostiole ca. 10 µm diam., immersed to
mostly ½ protruding or occasionally almost sessile. Exciple moderate brown, in surface view of tex-
tura angularis. Hamathecium not observed. Hymenial gel I and K/I–. Asci narrowly ovoid/obclavate
to narrowly ellipsoid or subcylindrical, (31–)37– 47(–50) × (7.5 –)8 –10(–11) µm (n = 32, in water, I
or K/I), wall I and K/I–, 8-spored. Ascospores hyaline at first then soon pale to sometimes medium
brown, narrowly obovoid (with wider upper cell), straight, ends rounded or very rarely rather acute,
Zhurbenko & Vershinina: Opegrapha bryoriae sp. nov. and other lichenicolous fungi from Asian Russia 97
(7.8 –)8.3 –10.1(–14.2) × (3.0 –)3.3 –3.9(– 4.5) µm, l/b = (2.0 –)2.3 –2.9(–3.8) (n = 81, in water, K or
K/I), 1-septate, constricted at the septum, finely verruculose but sometimes looking smooth-walled
even in DIC, usually with 1(–2) large guttules in each cell, irregularly biseriate to diagonally uniseriate
in the ascus. Infection causes distinct grey patches on the host lobes and occasionally apothecia (thal-
line parts, rarely margin of hymenium).
Examined specimen probably represents an undescribed species of Endococcus Nyl. as it is more or
less distinct from all other species of the genus known to grow on members of Parmeliaceae, viz. E.
alectoriae (D.Hawksw.) D.Hawksw. (on Alectoria), E. apiciicola (J.Steiner) R.Sant. (on Usnea), E.
oropogonicola Etayo (on Oropogon), E. parmeliarum Etayo (on Parmelia s. str. and Usnea) and E.
tricolorans (on Nephromopsis and Platismatia). Endococcus alectoriae differs from the examined
material in its longer ascospores, 10.5 –15.5 × 3.5 – 4.5 µm, usually with somewhat pointed apices and
in commensalistic behavior (Hawksworth 1971); E. apiciicola has ascomata densely aggregated in
gall-like swellings of the host branches and smooth-walled ascospores (Hawksworth 1982); E. oro-
pogonicola has somewhat longer ascospores, 10 –12.5 × 3.5 –5 µm (Etayo 2002); E. parmeliarum has
slightly shorter ascospores, 6.5 –9.5 × 3 –3.8 µm (Etayo & Sancho 2008) and E. tricolorans has larger
asci and ascospores, measuring (40 –)48 – 61(– 62) × 9 –13(–16.5) µm and (8.5 –)9.3 –12.3(–17.8) ×
(3.5 –)3.9 – 4.7(–5.0) µm respectively (see species description above).
Epicladonia stenospora (Harm.) D.Hawksw.
Irkutsk Region, Tulunskii District, Yarmenskie Lakes, 53°25’17’’N/100°18’13’’E, on Cladonia pyxidata (cups),
19.07.1997, S. E. Vershinina (LE 260827).
Formerly known in Russia from Yamal, Taimyr and Kamchatka Peninsulas (Zhurbenko & Pospelova
2001, Zhurbenko 2008, Zhurbenko et al. 2012).
Everniicola flexispora D.Hawksw.
Irkutsk Region, Tulunskii District, Yarmenskie Lakes, 53°25’17”N/100°18’13”E, on Nephroma arcticum (lobes),
19.07.1997, S. E. Vershinina (LE 260667).
Formerly known in Asian Russia from Sayan Mts., Taimyr Peninsula and Chukotka (Zhurbenko
2009a, b).
Lichenoconium erodens M.S.Christ. & D.Hawksw.
Yakutiya Republic, Olekminskii Reserve, Tas-Khaiko Cabin at Tas-Khaiko River, 58°11’01’’N/121°43’18’’E, co-
niferous forest, on Lecanora sp. from L. subfusca group (disc of apothecium) growing on Abies bark, 30.07.2011,
S. E. Vershinina (LE 260963).
Formerly known in Yakutiya from lower Lena River (Zhurbenko 2009b).
Lichenoconium usneae (Anzi) D.Hawksw.
Yakutiya Republic, Olekminskii Reserve, Dzhikimda Cabin, 59°01’53’’N/121°46’39’’E, Larix-Betula forest, on
Hypogymnia physodes (lobes) growing on Betula, 30.07.2011, S. E. Vershinina (LE 260777).
Formerly known in Siberia from Taimyr Peninsula and Zabaikal’skii Territory of Russia (Zhurbenko
2012a, Zhurbenko & Yakovchenko 2014).
Lichenopeltella cetrariicola (Nyl.) R.Sant.
Irkutsk Region, Khamar-Daban Range, meteostation between Podkomarnaya and Slyudyanka Rivers,
51°30’51’’N/103°43’44’’E, on Cetraria islandica (lobes), 20.08.2007, O. Yu. Kravchenko (LE 260677). Buryatiya
Republic, Tunkinskii District, Arshan settlement, Kyngarga Creek, 51°55’22’’N/102°24’59’’E, on C. islandica (lo-
bes), 08.2008, O. Yu. Kravchenko (LE 260687).
New to Asia and Russia.
Lichenopeltella lobariae Etayo & Diederich
Irkutsk Region, Tulunskii District, Yarmenskie Lakes, 53°25’17”N/100°18’13”E, on Nephroma arcticum (underside
of lobes including rhizines), 19.07.1997, S. E. Vershinina (LE 260848b).
Ascomata 70 –125 µm diam., ca. 50 µm tall (without setae), appearing black and glossy by reflected
light; setae convergent around ostiole; the upper wall dark brown, K+ grey. Asci narrowly obclavate or
98 Herzogia 27 (1), 2014
Fig. 2: A, B – Endococcus sp. on Evernia esorediosa (LE 260857a); C, D – Endococcus tricolorans (LE 260697a).
A, C – infection habitus, note discolourations of the host thalli. B, D – spores in asci (in water). Bars: A = 200 µm; B,
D = 10 µm; C = 500 µm.
ellipsoid, with thick tholus, 42– 48 × 8 –10 µm (n = 9, in water or K/I), 8-spored. Ascospores hyaline,
1-septate, ca. 11.5 –13.5 × 3 –3.5 µm (n = 4, in K/I within asci), setulae not observed but free swimming
spores not seen. Pathogenicity not observed.
Examined material fits well the species protologue (Etayo & Diederich 1996) except setulae of the
ascospores, which were not observed. However, this character is difficult to observe in the absence of
free swimming ascospores (P. Diederich, pers. comm., 2013) as was in our case.
The species was formerly known from Spain and France, commensalistically growing on Lobaria pul-
monaria lobe underside and rhizines (Etayo & Diederich 1996) and from Ecuador on a Sticta species
(J. Etayo, pers. comm., 2014). New to Asia and Russia, Nephroma is a new host genus.
Lichenopeltella sp. (Fig. 3)
Irkutsk Region, Tulunskii District, Yarmenskie Lakes, 53°25’17”N/100°18’13”E, on Nephroma arcticum (underside
of lobes including rhizines), 19.07.1997, S. E. Vershinina (LE 260848a, associated with Lichenopeltella lobariae).
Ascomata catathecioid, superficial, hemispherical, (15−)30−50(−60) µm diam., appearing dark brown
above and pale brown (more or less translucent when wet) below by reflected light; dispersed to
densely crowded, sometimes adjacent; ostiole central, up to 25 µm diam., usually surrounded by 2−6
divergent, dark brown, thick-walled, aseptate, subulate setae, 11−28 × 2.5−5 µm, with foot 6−9 µm
wide; the upper wall one cell thick, in surface view composed of radially arranged quadrangular thick-
Zhurbenko & Vershinina: Opegrapha bryoriae sp. nov. and other lichenicolous fungi from Asian Russia 99
walled cells 1.5−6 µm across, forming a dark brown, 1−3 cells tall collar around the ostiole, pale
brown to subhyaline below the collar, with entire, somewhat sinuous margin, coloured parts K+ vi-
naceous grey; the basal wall one cell thick, pale brown. Hamathecium not observed. Asci narrowly
ovoid, narrowly pyriform or ellipsoid, with thick tholus, often with distinct ocular chamber measuring
1−1.5 × 0.5−1 µm, (22−)26−30(−35) × (10−)11−13(−16) µm (n = 73, in water, K, I, K/I or phloxin),
I and K/I− except plasma staining orange, 4-spored. Ascospores hyaline, fusiform or slightly wider
above, with rounded ends, without setulae, 1-septate, not or often slightly constricted at the septum,
(11−)14.5−17.5(−19.5) × (3.5−)4−4.5(−5.5) µm, l/b = (2.8−)3.3−4.1(−4.9) (n = 82, in water, K, I, K/I
or phloxin), often with 1–2 conspicuous guttules in each cell, smooth-walled, non-halonate, irregularly
biseriate in the ascus. Pathogenicity not observed.
The examined specimen on Nephroma (Nephromataceae, Peltigerineae, Peltigerales) possibly repre-
sents an undescribed species close to Lichenopeltella peltigericola (D.Hawksw.) R.Sant. growing on
species of Peltigera, Peltigeraceae, Peltigerineae (mostly also on the lobe underside). The latter is di-
stinct in having wider ascomata, 50−70 µm diam., and slightly longer ascospores, (12–)15 –19(–23) ×
(3 –)4 –5(– 6) µm, l/b = (3.1–)3.5 – 4.3(–5.0) (n = 78, in water, K or K/I), with three pairs of setulae (speci-
mens of Lichenopeltella peltigericola examined for comparison). The other species of Lichenopeltella
Höhn. known to grow on members of Peltigerineae are L. lobariae Etayo & Diederich (on Lobaria;
Etayo & Diederich 1996), L. pseudocyphellariae Diederich (on Pseudocyphellaria; Aptroot et
al. 1997), L. santessonii (P.M.Kirk & Spooner) R.Sant. (on Peltigera; Spooner & Kirk 1990), L.
sclerenchymatica Etayo (on Pseudocyphellaria; Etayo & Sancho 2008) and Lichenopeltella sp. on
Nephroma tropicum from highlands of Papua New Guinea (Aptroot et al. 1997). Lichenopeltella
lobariae readily differs from the examined material in its twice larger ascomata, convergent setae
Fig. 3: Lichenopeltella sp. on Nephroma arcticum (LE 260848a). A – ascomata on the underside of host lobes. B –
squashed wall of ascoma (in K/I). C – ostiolar setae (in water). D – asci with spores (in phloxin). E – ascospores (in
water). Bars: A = 100 µm; B–E = 10 µm.
100 Herzogia 27 (1), 2014
and 8-spored asci; L. pseudocyphellariae has wider ascomata, 75 –100(–140) µm diam., ostiole wit-
hout setae, (6 –)8-spored asci and ascospores with three pairs of setulae; L. santessonii differs in its
larger ascomata, 100 –160 µm diam., convergent ostiolar setae, 8-spored asci and narrower ascospo-
res, (12–)16 –20 × 2.5 –3.5 µm; L. sclerenchymatica is readily distinguished by its larger ascomata,
120 –180 µm diam., ostiole without setae, 6 – 8-spored asci and much longer ascospores of 24 –32 ×
3.5 – 4.5 µm; the Lichenopeltella sp. on Nephroma tropicum differs in absence of ostiolar setae and
in 8-spored asci. Amongst the other lichenicolous species of Lichenopeltella divergent ostiolar setae
is characteristic for L. rangiferina Brackel known from Cladonia rangiferina (Brackel 2011). This
species is well distinct by its bigger ascomata, 80−120 µm diam., and (1−)3-septate ascospores with
three pairs of setulae.
Specimens of Lichenopeltella peltigericola examined for comparison: USA, Alaska, on Peltigera de-
genii (LE 233510); Russia: Murmansk Region, on P. polydactylon-group (LE 233798), on P. scabrosa
(LE 233788); Krasnoyarsk Territory, on P. scabrosa (LE 232899), on P. canina (LE 260852a).
Lichenostigma maureri Hafellner
Irkutsk Region: Bratsk District, Chora River, 55°36’16’’N/103°34’15’’E, Larix forest, on Usnea subfloridana
(branches), 15.09.2011, K. E. Vershinin (LE 260807); ibid., on Evernia esorediosa (branches), 15.09.2011, K. E.
Vershinin (LE 260857b); ibid., 55°39’05’’N/103°33’22’’E, Larix forest, on E. mesomorpha (branches), 15.09.2011,
K. E. Vershinin (LE 261033b); same region, Tulunskii District, Yarmenskie Lakes, 53°25’17”N/100°18’13”E,
21.07.1997, S. E. Vershinina, on Usnea subfloridana (branches) and adjacent Evernia mesomorpha (branches) (LE
260637). Buryatiya Republic, Tunkinskii District, Arshan settlement, Kyngarga Creek, 51°55’22’’N/102°24’59’’E,
on Nephromopsis komarovii (lobes) growing on rock, 18.08.1997, S. E. Vershinina (LE 260867b).
All specimens represent asexual populations of the species.
Nephromopsis is a new host genus.
Nectriopsis lecanodes (Ces.) Diederich & Schroers
Yakutiya Republic, Olekminskii Reserve, Maksimovskii Cabin, 58°08’03’’N/122°59’39’’E, on Peltigera didactyla
(lobes), 9.08.2012, S. E. Vershinina (LE 260953).
Formerly known in Yakutiya from middle Indigirka River (Zhurbenko 2009b).
Opegrapha bryoriae Zhurb. sp. nov. [MycoBank 808207] (Fig. 4)
Lichenicolous fungus growing on Bryoria species. Ascomata sessile, constricted at the base, rounded
to elongated in surface view, not branched, top mostly flat, with slit-like epruinose disc, discrete to
occasionally concrescent by 2(–3). Exciple closed at base and split above, medium to dark brown, N+
reddish brown, K+ olivaceous. Hymenium I+ red, K/I+ blue or blue-green. Asci clavate to elongate-cla-
vate, sometimes with distinct ocular chamber, with K/I+ blue apical ring, wall K/I+ pale blue at least in
upper and middle parts, 8-spored. Ascospores fusiform to narrowly clavate, (16.0 –)19.5 –24.9(–27.5)
× (4.4 –)4.7–5.9(–7.0) µm, (1–)3 –5(– 6)-septate, senescent perispore medium yellow-brown, coarsely
granulose.
Type: Russia, Siberia, Irkutsk Region, Cheremkhovskii District, Onot River basin,
52°55’01’’N/102°46’54’’E, coniferous forest, on branches of Bryoria capillaris, 18.07.1997, S. E.
Vershinina (LE 260737 – holotype).
Ascomata unilocular, dark brown to black, matt, surface uneven/rough, erumpent, becoming sessile
and constricted at the base, in surface view at first rounded then usually elongated, not branched,
100 – 450 µm lengthways and up to 150 µm tall, top more or less flat or occasionally concave (then
with raised, sometimes dentate excipular margin), with irregular slits giving the ascomata a verrucu-
lose appearance, discrete to sometimes concrescent by 2(–3); disc more or less slit-like, concolorous,
epruinose. Exciple closed at base and split over epihymenium, 10 –30 µm thick apically, 25 – 40 µm
thick laterally, 30 – 60 µm thick basally, dark brown, somewhat paler below, N+ reddish brown, K+
acquires olive tinge, containing pigment Atra-brown (Meyer & Printzen 2000), walls incrusted
with granules ca. 0.5 µm diam., not dissolving in K. Hymenium hyaline to pale brown, 50 –70 µm
tall; epihymenium pale brown; hymenial gel I+ fleetingly blue then red, K/I+ immediately blue or
Zhurbenko & Vershinina: Opegrapha bryoriae sp. nov. and other lichenicolous fungi from Asian Russia 101
blue-green. Paraphysoids branched, septate, 1–2.5(–3.5) µm diam., not or slightly swollen at the
apex. Hypothecium pale to medium brown, 15 –25 µm thick, K+ acquires olive tinge. Asci clavate to
elongate-clavate, rather abruptly pedicellate, with short foot, (48 –)52– 64(– 68) × (12.5 –)14.5 –19(–
21) µm (n = 39, in water, K, I or K/I), wall apically thickened till 7 µm, sometimes with distinct ocular
chamber ca. 1–1.5 µm tall, I+ pale red, K/I+ pale blue throughout or in the upper half, with a minute
I+ red, K/I+ blue ring around ocular chamber, 8-spored, resembling Vulgata-type (Torrente & Egea
1989). Ascospores fusiform to narrowly clavate (with slightly wider upper half), straight, hyaline,
with initially hyaline then pale to medium yellow-brown, coarsely granulose perispore 1–2.5 µm thick
(granules similar to those in the exciple), (16.0 –)19.8 –24.5(–27.5) × (4.4 –)4.6 –5.8(–7.0) µm, l/b =
(3.2–)3.8 – 4.8(–5.8) (n = 76, in water, K or K/I), (1–)3 –5(– 6)-septate, not or occasionally slightly
constricted at median septum, occasionally guttulate, irregularly overlapping in the ascus in series of
2– 4, resembling Parasitica-type (Ertz & Egea 2007: 256). Probable conidiomata pycnidial, sessile,
with hyaline, non-septate, bacilliform to allantoid, ca. 5.5 –7 × 1.5 –2 µm conidia.
Distribution and host: Known from taiga forest biome in the type locality in Southern Siberia. The
species grows on branches of Bryoria capillaris not inducing galls or otherwise visibly damaging the
host, but occasionally changing orientation of its branches.
Observations: So far two species of Opegrapha Ach. (Roccellaceae) are known to grow on members
of Parmeliaceae, viz. O. melanospila Müll.Arg. (on Parmotrema and Rimelia species; Clauzade
et al. 1989, Diederich 2003) and Opegrapha sp. (on Menegazzia magellanica; Etayo & Sancho
2008). Both readily differ from Opegrapha bryoriae in their 3-septate, shorter ascospores, measu-
ring 13 –14 × 5 – 6 µm and 12–18 × 4 –5.5 µm respectively. Phacographa protoparmeliae Hafellner
(Roccellaceae), formerly recognized as Opegrapha glaucomaria (Nyl.) Källsten ex Hafellner or O.
maculans (Arnold) Hafellner, grows on Protoparmelia badia also belonging to Parmeliaceae. This
species is distinct by its broadly exposed disc and exciple becoming in K just somewhat more bla-
ckish (Hafellner 2009). The other Roccellaceae species growing on Parmeliaceae lichens with thalli
composed of terete shrubby to hair-like branches are Plectocarpon usneae Diederich & Etayo, P. us-
neaustralis Etayo and Plectocarpon sp. described in Ertz et al. (2005: 120 –121) growing on Usnea
species. Plectocarpon differs from Opegrapha in having ascomata composed of multilocular stroma
and K/I– ascus wall except for K/I+ blue apical ring (Ertz et al. 2005). Additionally, Plectocarpon
usneae differs from Opegrapha bryoriae in its convex, immarginate, basally not constricted ascomata
and (5 –)6(–7)-septate ascospores with persistently hyaline wall and perispore; P. usneaustralis differs
in its ascomata surrounded at the base by a gall-like border of the host thallus and 3-septate, slightly
thicker ascospores, 18 –26 × 6 – 8 µm; the Plectocarpon sp. differs in its ascomata immersed in galls
and 3-septate ascospores (Ertz et al. 2005, Etay o 2007).
Phacopsis cephalodioides (Nyl.) Triebel & Rambold
Irkutsk Region, Slyudyanskii District, Rassokha railway station, 52°01’57”N/104°04’49”E, on Hypogymnia phy-
sodes (lobes) growing on Pinus, 16.09.2012, S. E. Vershinina (LE 260887).
Previously with certainty known in Asian Russia from Tuva Republic, Zabaikal’skii Territory and
Kamchatka Region (Zhurbenko & Otnyukova 2001, Zhurbenko et al. 2012, Zhurbenko &
Yakovchenko 2014).
Phacopsis huuskonenii Räsänen
Irkutsk Region, Bratsk District, Chora River, 55°36’16’’N/103°34’15’’E, Larix forest, on Bryoria sp. (branches),
15.09.2011, K. E. Vershinin (LE 260817).
Formerly known in Yakutiya from Yana Upland (Zhurbenko 2009a).
Phaeospora arctica Horáková & Alstrup emend. Zhurb. (Fig. 5)
Magadan Region, Srednekanskii District, Kosolyuk River at 3 km upstreams of Aranchas River mouth,
63°21’33’’N/152°40’28’’E, alt. 300 m, on Cetraria islandica (lobes), 26.08.2007, I. V. Enushchenko (LE 260647).
Vegetative hyphae pale to medium vinaceous brown, mostly flexuose, (1.5 –)2–3(– 4.5) µm diam.,
septate, not or slightly constricted at the septa, often abundantly developed within the cortex of the host
102 Herzogia 27 (1), 2014
lobes which thus become black under infection. Ascomata perithecioid, black, glossy, subglobose,
90 –110 µm diam., with ostiole ca. 5 µm diam., immersed to ½ protruding, dispersed to aggregated,
sometimes confluent by up to 4; wall ca. 20 –30 µm thick above, ca. 10 –20 µm thick below, in surface
view of textura angularis, of cells 2–10 µm lengthways with conspicuous guttules, in cross section
composed of 5 –7 layers of tangentially elongated cells, which are medium to dark vinaceous brown
(K–) outside and hyaline inside; sometimes surrounded above by a dense net of vegetative hyphae re-
sembling clypeus. Hamathecium of short pendant interascal filaments sensu Calatayud & Triebel
(2003: 104), which are hyaline, subcylindrical, with rounded not swollen apices, ca. 9 –11 × 2 µm,
0 –1-septate; distinct ostiolar filaments not observed. Hymenial gel I–, K/I+ pale blue. Asci bitunica-
te, narrowly ellipsoid to obclavate, tholus 5 –13 µm tall with long apical beak, foot short, sometimes
indistinct, (47–)51– 61(– 65) × 12–16(–17) µm (n = 19, in water, or K/I), wall I and K/I–, 8-spored.
Ascospores hyaline at first then evenly pale to medium brown to brownish gray, narrowly ellipsoid
or occasionally slightly wider above, ends rounded, straight or somewhat curved, (12.5 –)13.9 –16.1(–
18.0) × (4.2–)4.7–5.3(– 6.0) µm, l/b = (2.5 –)2.7–3.3(–3.8) (n = 152, in water, I or K/I), (1–)3-septate,
not constricted at the septa, usually with 1(–2) large guttules in each cell, wall ca. 0.5 µm thick, smooth
or finely verruculose (visible in pale spores in K), non-halonate, mostly diagonally biseriate in the
ascus. Pathogenic as often causes distinct bleached and/or darkened patches on the host lobes.
There are many essential discrepancies between the examined material and the species protologue
where its asci were reported being 6-spored, ascospores (2–)3-septate, 15.5 –18 × 5.5 – 6 µm and
smooth-walled, K/I+ blue reaction of hymenial gel and abundant development of vegetative hyphae
sometimes resembling clypeus not mentioned, and the species was said to have no hamathecium and
cause no visible damage to its host (Horáková & Alstrup 1994). However, we believe that examined
material is Phaeospora arctica, but its species concept must be emended as is suggested above. It is
Fig. 4: Opegrapha bryoriae (holotype). A – ascomata habitus. B – ascomata section (in water). C – asci (in water, K/I
and I from left to right respectively). D – overmature (in K, above) and normal (in water, below) ascospores. Bars: A
= 100 µm; B = 100 µm; C, D = 10 µm.
Zhurbenko & Vershinina: Opegrapha bryoriae sp. nov. and other lichenicolous fungi from Asian Russia 103
noteworthy that short pendant interascal filaments have already been reported for the species by Ihlen
& Wedin (2005).
So far Phaeospora arctica was reported from Allocetraria madreporiformis, Arctocetraria andreievii
(host of the holotype) and Arctoparmelia centrifuga (Horáková & Alstrup 1994, Zhurbenko &
Santesson 1996, Ihlen & Wedin 2005), Cetraria being a new host genus. Formerly known in Russia
only from Severnaya Zemlya in Arctic Siberia (Zhurbenko & Santesson 1996).
Phoma peltigerae (P.Karst.) D.Hawksw.
Yakutiya Republic, Olekminskii Reserve, Maksimovskii Cabin, 58°08’03’’N/122°59’39’’E, on Peltigera canina
(upper lobe surface), 9.08.2012, S. E. Vershinina (LE 261115).
Conidia narrowly oblong or occasionally narrowly ellipsoid, rounded at the apices, (2.8 –)4.6 –5.8(– 6.2)
× 2.0 –2.2(–2.5) µm (n = 27). Causes bleached spots on the host lobes.
Previously known in Asian Russia from Taimyr Peninsula (Zhurbenko 2009b).
Plectocarpon hypogymniae Zhurb. & Diederich
Yakutiya Republic, Olekminskii Reserve, Tas-Khaiko Cabin at Tas-Khaiko River, 58°10’22’’N/121°40’09’’E, on
Hypogymnia bitteri (lobes) growing on Alnus, 30.07.2011, S. E. Vershinina (LE 260787).
So far the species was known from Tuva Republic and Zabaikal’skii Territory of Russia (Zhurbenko
et al. 2008, Zhurbenko & Yakovchenko 2014).
Fig. 5: Phaeospora arctica (LE 260647). A – infection spot on host lobe. B – ascomata section (in water). C – finely
verruculose ascospores (in K, focused on ornamentation). D – asci and ascospores (in K/I); note pale blue staining of
hymenial gel. E – short pendant interascal filaments (in K). Bars: A = 500 µm; B = 100 µm; C–E = 10 µm.
104 Herzogia 27 (1), 2014
Polycoccum superficiale D.Hawksw. & Miądl. (Fig. 6)
Yakutiya Republic, Olekminskii Reserve, Maksimovskii Cabin, 58°08’08’’N/122°58’32’’E, on Peltigera malacea
(lobes), 12.08.2012, S. E. Vershinina (LE 260975); on P. aphthosa (cephalodia, mainly framing their margins, oc-
casionally lobes), 12.08.2012, S. E. Vershinina (LE 261125).
Ascomata subglobose to ovoid, 50 –130 µm diam., conical, rounded or applanate above, occasionally
with indistinct papilla, with irregular ostiole up to 30 µm lengthways, evenly medium to dark brown,
somewhat translucent when wet, sessile, discrete to aggregated and sometimes adjacent. Exciple in
surface view of textura angularis, of cells 4 –12 µm lengthways, incrusted with numerous granules
insoluble in K, partly with guttules; in cross section ca. 10 –20 µm thick, exposed part outside of
1–2 layers of medium cinnamon brown, K+ tinged with olive, somewhat elongated to rectangular
cells 5 –9 × 5 –7.5 µm, with wall 1–2 µm thick, inside of 1–2 layers of hyaline cells; immersed part
almost colourless. Interascal filaments 1–2(–3) µm diam., branched, septate, not swollen at the api-
ces. Hymenial gel K/I−. Asci elongate-clavate to subcylindrical, often with distinct ocular chamber,
with short foot, (42.5−)49.5−64(−73) × (12−)13.5−17(−19.5) µm (n = 49, in water or K/I), wall in-
cluding apex K/I−, 8-spored. Ascospores hyaline then pale cinnamon brown, usually 1-septate, more
or less soleiform, often markedly heteropolar with wider upper cell, not to strongly constricted at
the septum, (10.5−)13.6−17.0(−19.0) × (5.2−)5.6−7.0(−8.7) µm, l/b = (1.8−)2.2−2.8(−3.1) (n = 111),
occasionally aseptate, more or less ellipsoid, (5.9−)8.6−15.6(−21.2) × (4.5−)5.3−8.7(−12.9) µm, l/b
= (1.1−)1.4−2.0(−2.8) (n = 23), smooth-walled, non-halonate, usually with large guttules, irregularly
biseriate in the ascus. Pathogenicity not observed.
In the species protologue its ascomata were described as being dark brown to black, wider (150 –200 µm
diam.) and with thicker wall (31–38 µm thick), and its ascospores were described as being not or only
slightly heteropolar, persistently 1-septate, 15.5 –19 × 6 – 6.5 µm (Hawksworth & Miądlikowska
1997). However, the species description was based on limited material and we suggest that it should be
improved as is given above. Examined material also strongly recalls Endococcus peltigericola Zhurb.
& Stepanchikova developing similar superficial thin-walled ascomata on Peltigera lobes (Zhurbenko
et al. 2012). The species was described in Endococcus because distinct interascal filaments were not ob-
served in its mature ascomata, but additional examination of its holotype revealed interascal filaments
in immature ascomata which suggests its affiliation to Polycoccum Sauter ex Körb. Nonetheless, holo-
type of Endococcus peltigericola differs from Polycoccum superficiale in much smaller asci and asco-
spores measuring (39−)40−50(−57) × 8−10(−12) µm and (8.5−)10−12(−13.5) × (3−)3.5−4(−4.5) µm
respectively.
The species was described from Arkhangel’sk Region of Russia and was previously known in
Sweden, Lithuania and possibly Germany (dubious record), all records being from Peltigera malacea
(Hawksworth & Miądlikowska 1997, Santesson et al. 2004, Motiejunaite et al. 2005). New to
Asia. Peltigera aphthosa is a new host species.
Holotype of Endococcus peltigericola examined for comparison: Russia, Kamchatka Territory, on
Peltigera membranacea, LE 260721a.
Pseudoseptoria usneae (Vouaux) D.Hawksw.
Irkutsk Region, Cheremkhovskii District, Onot River basin, 52°55’01’’N/102°46’54’’E, coniferous forest, on
Usnea subfloridana (branches), 18.07.1997, S. E. Vershinina (LE 260727).
Conidiogenous cells 10 –15 × 3.5 – 6 µm (n = 7). Conidia (9.5 –)11.0 –12.8(–13.5) × (3.0 –)3.2– 4.4
(–5.5) µm, l/b = (2.1–)2.6 –3.8(– 4.2) (n = 31), with halo ca. 1 µm thick. Pathogenicity not observed.
New to Asia and Russia.
Refractohilum peltigerae (Keissl.) D.Hawksw.
Yakutiya Republic, Olekminskii Reserve, Maksimovskii Cabin, 58°08’03’’N/122°59’39’’E, on Peltigera rufescens
(upper lobe surface), 9.08.2012, S. E. Vershinina (LE 260993a).
Formerly known in Asian Russia from Tuva and Buryatiya Republics (Zhurbenko & Otnyukova
2001, Urbanavichene & Urbanavichus 2009).
Zhurbenko & Vershinina: Opegrapha bryoriae sp. nov. and other lichenicolous fungi from Asian Russia 105
Roselliniella cladoniae (Anzi) Matzer & Hafellner
Yakutiya Republic, Olekminskii Reserve, Dzhikimda Cabin, 59°02’04’’N/121°43’59’’E, stone field with mos-
ses and lichens among shrubs, on Cladonia gracilis subsp. turbinata (podetia), 30.07.2011, S. E. Vershinina (LE
260757).
New to Yakutiya.
Scutula epiblastematica (Wallr.) Rehm
Yakutiya Republic, Olekminskii Reserve, Maksimovskii Cabin, 58°08’08’’N/122°58’32’’E, on Peltigera malacea
(upper lobe surface), 12.08.2012, S. E. Vershinina (LE 261003).
Ascospores (8.5 –)9.1–11.3(–12.6) × (3.0 –)3.5 – 4.3(– 4.6) µm (n = 20). Mesoconidia mostly more or
less reniform, (4.8 –)5.1– 6.1(– 6.6) × (2.0 –)2.2–2.6(–3.0) µm (n = 18). Microconidia shortly filiform,
(5.2–)6.1– 8.1(– 8.5) × (1.4 –)1.5 –1.7(–1.8) µm (n = 11).
Formerly with certainty known in Asian Russia from Taimyr Peninsula and Yakutiya (middle Indigirka
River) (Zhurbenko 2009b).
Stigmidium microcarpum Alstrup & J.C.David
Irkutsk Region, vicinities of Cherskogo Glacier above Gitara Lake, 55°03’35’’N/108°43’45’’E, Larix forest, on
Cetraria islandica (lobes), 07.2010, K. E. Vershinin (LE 260707).
Perithecia 30 – 40 µm diam., immersed into blackish necrotic patches up to 4 mm lengthways spread
throughout the host lobes.
Thelocarpon epibolum Nyl. f. longisporum H.Magn. nom. inval.
Yakutiya Republic, Olekminskii Reserve, Maksimovskii Cabin, 58°08’08’’N/122°58’32’’E, on Peltigera aphthosa
(aged parts of upper lobes), 12.08.2012, S. E. Vershinina (LE 260913b).
This is a scarcely lichenized lichen mainly growing on lichens, which is often treated along with genu-
ine lichenicolous fungi. Ascospores (5.3 –)6.1– 8.5(–10.1) × (2.6 –)2.7–3.5(– 4.0) µm (n = 40).
Tremella everniae Diederich
Irkutsk Region, Bratsk District, Chora River, 55°39’05’’N/103°33’22’’E, Larix forest, on Evernia mesomorpha
(branches), 15.09.2011, K. E. Vershinin (LE 261033a); on E. esorediosa (branches), 15.09.2011, K. E. Vershinin
(LE 261023).
Formerly known in Russia from Krasnoyarsk Territory (Zhurbenko 2012b, Zhurbenko & Zhdanov
2013).
Xenonectriella sp. (Fig. 7)
Yakutiya Republic, Olekminskii Reserve, Tas-Khaiko Cabin at Tas-Khaiko River, 58°10’22’’N/121°40’09’’E, on
Nephroma helveticum (lobes) growing on Salix, 07.2011, S. E. Vershinina (LE 261043).
Ascomata subglobose, 120 –250 µm diam., distinct papilla not observed, with ostiole 10 –15 µm diam.,
non-setose, exposed parts entirely reddish orange, protruding in ostiolar area, dispersed to aggrega-
ted and sometimes confluent. Ascomatal cavity without oily drops. Exciple in surface view inter-
mediate between textura globulosa and textura angularis, in cross section composed of tangentially
elongated cells forming two layers: outer layer brilliant to moderate orange, lactic acid+ yellow, K+
vivid purple, cell walls 1.5 –2.5 µm thick; inner layer hyaline, cell walls 0.5 –1 µm thick, mostly de-
veloped in the upper half of ascomatal cavity. Periphyses abundant, ca. 15 –25 × 1–2 µm, scarce-
ly septate, not branched. Interascal filaments well-developed, hyaline, of very unequal thin-walled
cells 1.5 –9.5 µm diam., septate, markedly constricted at the septa, branched. Asci cylindrical, with
short foot, (69 –)74 –94(–97) × (7.5 –)8 –10(–11) µm (n = 13), 8-spored. Ascospores hyaline or very
rarely light orange, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, mostly homopolar, (7.7–)9.2–12.2(–15.4) × (4.7–
)6.1– 8.5(–10.5) µm, l/b = (1.0 –)1.3 –1.7(–2.2) (n = 72; from a few ascomata), (0 –)1-septate, not or
occasionally somewhat constricted at the septum, usually with one large guttule in each cell, smooth-
walled, uniseriate. Pathogenicity not observed.
Examined material closely resembles Xenonectriella aurantiaca Etayo so far known from two coll-
ections in Chile (Etayo & Sancho 2008). However, the former differs in having distinctly papillate
106 Herzogia 27 (1), 2014
Fig. 6: Polycoccum superficiale (A, B, D, E – LE 261125, C – LE 260975). A – ascomata framing cephalodium of
Peltigera aphthosa. B – section of ascocarp wall (in water). C – asci with normal 1-septate spores (left) and with two
aseptate spores (right) (both in water). D – periphyses (in water). E – interascal hyphae (in K/I). Bars: A = 200 µm;
B–E = 10 µm.
light yellow orange ascomata, longer asci, 93 –120 × 8 –10 µm, initially hyaline and smooth-walled
finally pale brown and verruculose ascospores and different host, Pseudocyphellaria, Lobariaceae vs.
Nephroma, Nephromataceae, both disposed in Peltigerineae (Etayo & Sancho 2008; J. Etayo, pers.
comm., 2014). The other most similar hypocrealean species reported on Nephroma are Atronectria ma-
gellanica Etayo, Nectriopsis lecanodes (Ces.) Diederich & Schroers and Pronectria invisibilis Etayo
(Etayo & Diederich 1996, Sérusiaux et al. 1999, Etayo & Sancho 2008). Atronectria magellanica
readily differs from the examined material in its black ascomata and dark brown, K+ blackish green
exciple; Nectriopsis lecanodes is distinct by its superficial pale whitish to pinkish or orange hairy
ascomata developing over an often indistinct subiculum; Pronectria invisibilis differs in its cream to
pale orange smaller ascomata, 100 –150 µm diam., K– exciple and finely verruculose and smaller as-
cospores, 7–10(–11) × 4 –5 µm. Additional material is required to check whether examined collection
represents an undescribed species of Xenonectriella Weese or a deviating specimen of X. aurantiaca
with immature hyaline smooth-walled ascospores.
Zhurbenko & Vershinina: Opegrapha bryoriae sp. nov. and other lichenicolous fungi from Asian Russia 107
Acknowledgements
Thanks are due to K. E. Vershinin, I. V. Enushchenko and Yu. Kravchenko for putting their lichen collections at
our disposal. Javier Etayo, Paul Diederich and Vagn Alstrup provided valuable comments on Lichenopeltella and
Xenonectriella specimens growing on Nephroma and on Endococcus tricolorans. Wolfgang von Brackel kindly trans-
lated the abstract into German.
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Manuscript accepted: 09 March 2014.
Addresses of the authors
Mikhail P. Zhurbenko, Laboratory of the Systematics and Geography of Fungi, Komarov
Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor Popov 2, St.-Petersburg, 197376
Russia. E-mail: zhurb58@gmail.com
Svetlana E. Vershinina, National Research Irkutsk State Technical University, Lermontova str.,
83, Irkutsk, 664074, Russia. E-mail: vershynina@bk.ru
