Records of new and interesting lichenicolous fungi from Finland and Norway

Abstract

Seven lichenicolous fungi new to Finland were found during the revision of lichen material collected by the second author from Finland and Norway, and of historical collections made by Prof. Theodor Lippmaa in the 1920s from north-western Finland. New localities for 29 lichenicolous species collected in the southern Finnish archipelago, in northern Finland or in northern Norway are also reported.

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Published 2020-11-23 by The Nordic Lichen Society, http://nhm2.uio.no/lichens/NLS.
Records of new and interesting lichenicolous fungi
from Finland and Norway
AVE SUIJA and INGA JÜRIADO
Suija, A. & Jüriado, I. 2020. Records of new and interesting lichenicolous fungi from Finland and Norway.
Graphis Scripta 32 (5): 86–100. Oslo. ISSN 2002-4495.
Seven lichenicolous fungi new to Finland were found during the revision of lichen material collected by the
second author from Finland and Norway, and of historical collections made by Prof. Theodor Lippmaa in the
1920s from north-western Finland. New localities for 29 lichenicolous species collected in the southern Finnish
archipelago, in northern Finland or in northern Norway are also reported.
Ave Suija, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu, 51005, Estonia. E-mail:
ave.suija@ut.ee (corresponding author)
Inga Jüriado, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu, 51005, Estonia. E-
mail: inga.juriado@ut.ee
Introduction
The number of lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi listed for Fennoscandia in the second
checklist of Santesson et al. (2004) was 2844, a number which rises steadily at an average of 20
species per year (Ekman et al. 2019). In the Fennoscandian countries, surveys of lichenicolous fungi
have been common practice only in Sweden (e.g. Santesson 1949; Ihlen & Wedin 1995). In Finland
and Norway, lichen-inhabiting fungi have been studied only incidentally, except for the
peltigericolous fungi in Finland (Puolasmaa et al. 2012). It is only recently that initiatives such as
the Three storied diversity – mapping and barcoding crustose lichens and lichenicolous fungi in the
Norwegian rainforests (Frisch et al. 2020) have encouraged the study of this almost neglected group
of fungi.
The rationale for this paper was born after the revision of material collected by the second
author during field trips in north-western (mainly the Kilpisjärvi area) and southern Finland, and in
northern Norway. At the same time, we were aware that Professor Theodor Lippmaa (1892–1943),
a noted Estonian professor of botany, had undertaken his botanical expedition to Lapland in 1927,
working mainly in the same Kilpisjärvi area (Lippmaa 1929). In addition to vascular plants and
mosses, he also recorded and collected lichens. His collection, consisting of approximately 300
specimens from Finland and Norway, is now deposited in the lichen collection of the Natural History
Museum of the University of Tartu (TU). In this contribution, we report 36 lichenicolous species,
seven of them new to Finland, and sixteen new for particular regions of Finland or Norway. For the
remainder we present new locality data for mapping species distributions.

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Material and methods
The second author collected lichens and lichenicolous fungi during several field trips in Finland and
Norway in the summer of 2016. The localities in subarctic regions of Finland (Kilpisjärvi area in
Lapponia enontekiensis; Fig. 1) and Norway (Troms area; Fig. 2) were visited together with Prof.
Jouko Rikkinen on July 8–14. Southern boreal and coastal habitats were visited during the field trips
of the pre congress foray of IAL8 to the southern Finnish Archipelago (Åland Archipelago, July 27–
31). Northern boreal and alpine-oroarctic habitats in Finland were visited in the course of the Mid-
Lapland expedition of the IAL8 post congress foray (August 5–9). All these specimens are stored in
the lichen collection of the Natural History Museum of the University of Tartu (TU). In addition,
we examined the lichen collection of Prof. Th. Lippmaa from the Kilpisjärvi area in Finland and
Seiland island (Finnmark) in Norway (ca. 300 specimens), and ca. 150 specimens mainly from the
exsiccatae series Lichenotheca Fennica from the same area.
All material was determined by the first author. Specimens were examined under stereo- and
light microscopes using standard techniques in lichenology. Ascomatal microstructures were
examined using razor blade-cut sections mounted in tap water, potassium hydroxide (KOH; K) and
Lugol’s iodine solution (I). Presence / absence of species in Fennoscandia was checked against the
on-line version of Santesson’s checklist (Nordin et al. 2020). Nomenclature follows Diederich et al.
(2018).
The species
Arthonia digitatae Hafellner
New for Finland.
According to Zhurbenko & Pino-Bodas (2017) seven Arthonia species are known to inhabit
Cladonia species. Our specimen has: 2-celled ascospores, 9–12 × 4–4.5 μm, asci of 27–30 × 12–15
μm, an olive-brown to brown epithecium, and a I+ orange hymenium, and correspond thus to
published descriptions of this species (Hafellner 1999; Zhurbenko & Pino-Bodas 2017).
Specimen examined: Finland. Lapponia enontekiensis: Lapland, Tunturi Lapland, Kilpisjärvi, Saana
(69.0398°N, 20.8289°E), subarctic birch forest, on Cladonia sp., 10 July 2016, I. Jüriado 288 (TU52786).
Arthonia fuscopurpurea (Tul.) R. Sant.
New for Lapponia enontekiensis. This species occurs on Peltigera thalli and is recognized by its
brownish ascomata and 2-celled, soleiform ascospores, 11–14 × 4–5 μm. Arthonia peltigerae Th.
Fr., which occurs on the same host differs by having similar-shaped ascospores that are bigger, 14–
19 × 4–6 μm (see Puolasmaa et al. 2012).
Specimen examined: Finland. Lapponia enontekiensis: Lapland, Tunturi Lapland, Kilpisjärvi, Korgea Jehkas
(69.0867°N, 20.7871°E), on Peltigera cf. polydactylon growing on mossy stone, 11 July 2016, I. Jüriado 297
(TU52787).
Arthonia molendoi (Heufl. ex Frauenf.) R. Sant.
New for Lapponia enontekiensis. This species occurs on Rusavskia elegans and is previously known
in Finland only from Åland (Ahvenamaa). It is most similar to the recently described A. parietinaria
Hafellner & Fleischhacker (Fleischhacker et al. 2016), which grows mainly on Xanthoria parietina.

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Figure 1. Subarctic birch forest on the foothill of Saana mountain in Kilpisjärvi (Finland).

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The specimen has more than ten ascomata per infection locus, with ascospores 2-celled, asymmetric,
colourless, 12–(13.8)–16 × 4–(4.8)–5 μm (n=9), asci 30–32 × 16–20 μm, a brown, K± greyish
epihymenium and a colourless hypothecium.
Specimen examined: Finland. Lapponia enontekiensis: Pieni Malla (69.05°N, 20.75°E), on Rusavskia (=
Xanthoria) elegans, 1 September 1927, Th. Lippmaa 2443 (TU89916).
Arthonia peltigerae Th. Fr.
This species is more common and has a wider host range than A. fuscopurpurea in Fennoscandia
(Puolasmaa et al. 2012; Nordin et al. 2020). The hymenium of our specimens is I+ reddish and the
ascospores are 15–19 × 5–6(–7) μm, corresponding to the characteristics given by Almquist (1880),
Puolasmaa et al. (2012) and Zhurbenko & Brackel (2013). A further species occurring on Peltigera,
A. peltigerina (Almq.) H. Olivier, is recorded from Sweden and Norway, but not from Finland
(Nordin et al. 2020). This species has somewhat narrower ascospores, 13–18 × 4–6 μm, much
smaller and distinctly convex (to basally constricted) ascomata and a different mode of infection
(see Zhurbenko & Brackel 2013).
Specimens examined: Finland. Lapponia enontekiensis: Lapland, Tunturi Lapland Muonio, Pallas-Yllästunturi
National Park (68.053°N, 24.0616°E), around basement ruins of old Pallas Hotel, roadside, on Peltigera
rufescens agg. on ground (together with Graphium aphthosae), 8 August 2016, I. Jüriado 458-3 (TU52815);
Kilpisjärvi, Malla (69.05°N, 20.6666°E), on P. rufescens agg. on ground, 14 July 2016, I. Jüriado 371
(TU84492); ibidem, (69.0563°N, 20.7537°E), on P. rufescens agg. 14 July 2016, I. Jüriado 372 (TU56570);
Kilpisjärvi, H-Jehkats (69.08°N, 20.83°E), P. rufescens ad terram arenosam, 15 August 1958, A.J. Huuskonen
(TU81427).
Bachmanniomyces punctum (A. Massal.) Diederich & Pino-Bodas
(= Phaeopyxis punctum (A. Massal.) Rambold, Triebel & Coppins)
New for Åland. The species is common in Fennoscandia, reported as growing on various Cladonia
species (Nordin et al. 2020).
Specimen examined: Finland. Åland: Southwest Finland, Åboland-Turunmaa, Länsi-Suomen Lääni,
Ahvenanmaa saaristo, Vänö island (59.8719°N, 22.2102°E), pasture, on Cladonia uncialis, 28 July 2016, I.
Jüriado 396 (TU85177).
Cercidospora stereocaulorum (Arnold) Hafellner
There are two Cercidospora species inhabiting Stereocaulon, both known from Norway, including
Finnmark (Nordin et al. 2020). Cercidospora stereocaulorum differs from C. alpina Ihlen & Wedin
mainly by the number of spores per ascus: four in C. alpina and eight in C. stereocaulorum (Ihlen
& Wedin 2007).
Specimen examined: Norway. Finnmark: Seiland island, northern coast of Nordmans Fjordjekke, Kufjord
(70.36°N, 23.05°E), mixed forest, on Stereocaulon paschale, 5 August 1927, Th. Lippmaa (TU63648).
Corticifraga fuckelii (Rehm) D. Hawksw. & R. Sant.
New for Troms. Three Corticifraga species are known to inhabit Peltigera (Hawksworth &
Santesson 1990; Zhurbenko 2009), two of which, C. fuckelii and C. peltigerae (Fuckel) D. Hawksw.
& R. Sant., are reported from Fennoscandia (Nordin et al. 2020). Unlike C. peltigerae, C. fuckelii

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90
Figure 2. The Bollman’s road in the Falsnes mountain (Norway) was built by forced labour and prisoners
during the Second world war.
does not cause necrotic spots on its host thallus and differs further by having mostly one-septate
ascospores (mostly 3-septate ascospores in the former; Hawksworth & Santesson 1990). The third
species of the genus, C. fusispora Zhurb., is similar to C. peltigerae but has longer and slender
ascospores i.e. 21.5–31 × 4–5 μm in C. fusispora (Zhurbenko 2009) versus 20–22.5 × 4.5–7 μm in
C. peltigerae (Hawksworth & Santesson 1990).
Specimens examined: Finland. Lapponia enontekiensis: Lapland, Tunturi Lapland, Muonio, Pallas-Yllästunturi
National Park (67.9549°N, 24.0497°E), Scots pine-dominated old-growth forest, roadside nearby the gate of
national park, on Peltigera extenuata on ground, 7 August 2016, I. Jüriado 446-16 (TU52813). Norway. Troms:
Storfjord Municipality, Storfjord, Lyngenfjord, the Bollman’s road (69.3725°N, 20.1554°E) subarctic birch
forest, on P. extenuata on mosses next to the building, 13 July 2016, I. Jüriado 340 (TU52795, TU52796).
Everniicola flexispora D. Hawksw.
New for Lapponia enontekiensis (Finland) and Troms (Norway). This species is known from all
Fennoscandian countries, but is rarest in Finland (Nordin et al. 2020). It is an anamorphic
ascomycete with peculiar, arcuate to falcate conidia (Hawksworth 1982; Hawksworth & Alstrup
1990) and can grow on various hosts (Kocourková & van den Boom 2005), although in
Fennoscandia, it is known exclusively from Nephroma arcticum (Nordin et al. 2020). The infection
locus on the lichen thallus is usually delimited by a brownish line. The central part of the locus
where the pycnidia are located is decolorized and eroded due to the fungal infection.
Specimens examined: Finland. Lapponia enontekiensis: Lapland, Tunturi Lapland, Kilpisjärvi, Malla
(69.0624°N, 20.7634°E), subarctic birch forest, on Nephroma arcticum, 14 July 2016, I. Jüriado 354 (TU52798).

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Norway. Troms: Storfjord, Lyngenfjord, the Bollman’s road (69.3749°N, 20.1651°E), subarctic birch forest,
on N. arcticum on ground, on moss, 13 July 2016, I. Jüriado 347 (TU85510).
Graphium aphthosae Alstrup & D. Hawksw.
New for Lapponia enontekiensis. This species forms black synnemata on the thallus of Peltigera
(Alstrup & Hawksworth 1990; Puolasmaa et al. 2012), visible as tiny pins < 2 mm long and
developing on older parts of the lichen. The conidia are characteristic cuneiform shaped.
Specimen examined: Finland. Lapponia enontekiensis: Lapland, Tunturi Lapland, Muonio, Pallas-Yllästunturi
National Park (68.0531°N, 24.0617°E), around basement ruins of old Pallas Hotel, roadside, on Peltigera
rufescens agg. on ground (together with Arthonia peltigerae), 8 August 2016, I. Jüriado 458-3 (TU52815).
Illosporium carneum Fr.
Common in Fennoscandia (Nordin et al. 2020) and reported from the Kilpisjärvi area by Puolasmaa
et al. (2012).
Specimen examined: Finland. Lapponia enontekiensis: Muonio, Palojoensuu (68.2875°N, 23.08°E), roadside,
on Peltigera malacea on ground, 8 July 2016, I. Jüriado 261 (TU85506).
Knufia peltigerae (Fuckel) Réblová & Unter.
(= Capronia peltigerae (Fuckel) D. Hawksw.)
New for Lapponia enontekiensis. The species is reported from multiple provinces in Finland
(Puolasmaa et al. 2012). It is similar to Niesslia peltigericola in having setose perithecioid ascomata
and growing on Peltigera, but it differs by having 3-septate ascospores (N. peltigericola has 1-
septate ascospores) (e.g. Puolasmaa et al. 2012).
Specimen examined: Finland. Lapponia enontekiensis: Lapland, Tunturi Lapland, Kilpisjärvi, Malla
(69.0582°N, 20.7554°E), calcareous outcrop, on Peltigera rufescens agg. on mossy limestone, 14 July 2016, I.
Jüriado 360 (TU52804).
Lichenopeltella peltigericola (D. Hawksw.) R. Sant.
New for Troms. The species is common in Finland (Puolasmaa et al. 2012), but scattered in Sweden
and Norway (Nordin et al. 2020).
Specimen examined: Norway. Troms: Storfjord, Lyngenfjord, the Bollman’s road (69.3739°N, 20.1620°E),
subarctic birch forest, on Peltigera membranacea on moss, 13 July 2016, I. Jüriado 348 (TU85511).
Lichenopeltella cf. stereocaulorum Zhurb.
This specimen has the catathecioid ascomata typical of Lichenopeltella, but we were unable to find
mature asci and ascopores in order to confirm the determination.
Specimen examined: Norway. Finnmark: Seiland island, northern coast of Nordmans Fjordjekke Kufjord
(70.35°N, 23.05°E), on Stereocaulon subcoralloides, 5 August 1927, Th. Lippmaa 1841 (TU63649).
Lichenostigma maureri Hafellner
(= Phaeosporobolus usneae D. Hawksw. & Hafellner)

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New for Lapponia enontekiensis. The species is common in multiple provinces in Fennoscandia
(Nordin et al. 2020), but hitherto there are no reports from Fennoscandia of Hypogymnia being a
host for this species.
Specimen examined: Finland. Lapponia enontekiensis: Enontekiö, SW-Saana (69.04°N, 20.86°E),
Hypogymnia lugubris var. sublugubris (as H. physodes f. sublugubris) ad terram muscosam subcalcaream, 3
August 1949, A.J. Huuskonen. Lichenotheca Fennica 605 (TU9596).
Milospium lacoizquetae Etayo & Diederich
New for Finland.
This species was reported recently from Norway as new for Fennoscandia (Frisch et al. 2020). It
forms characteristic, lobed, brown conidia within almost blackish sporodochia that occur abundantly
on squamules of Cladonia (Etayo & Diederich 1996).
Specimen examined: Finland. Lapponia enontekiensis: Lapland, Tunturi Lapland, Kilpisjärvi, Malla
(69.0571°N, 20.7553°E), calcareous outcrop, plateau, on Cladonia sp., 14 July 2016, I. Jüriado 370 (TU52810).
Muellerella pygmaea (Körb.) D. Hawksw.
New for Lapponia enontekiensis. The species is common in Fennoscandia, where it grows on various
epilithic lichens (Nordin et al. 2020).
Specimen examined: Finland. Lapponia enontekiensis: Lapland, Tunturi Lapland, Saana (69.05°N, 20.81°E),
on Rhizocarpon superficiale, 3 September 1927, Th. Lippmaa 2454 (TU63671).
Muellerella ventosicola (Mudd) D. Hawksw.
New for Finland.
Muellerella ventosicola differs from all other Muellerella species by having semi-immersed,
relatively large ascomata (200–250 μm diam.) and dark brown, 2-celled ascospores with a thick wall
(Triebel 1989). In contrast, M. pygmaea has somewhat smaller (175–250 μm diam.) and more
immersed ascomata, and paler ascospores (Triebel 1989). The recent DNA-based phylogeny of
Muellerella, however, showed that Muellerella might be more diverse than previously thought and
that M. ventosicola may be paraphyletic (Muggia et al. 2019).
Specimen examined: Finland. Lapponia enontekiensis: W-Saana (69.04°N, 20.86°E), 800 m s. m., on
Ophioparma ventosa ad lapidem in regio alpina, 28 July 1947, A.J. Huuskonen (TU79695).
Niesslia peltigericola (D. Hawksw.) Etayo
(= Raciborskiomyces peltigericola (D. Hawksw.) M.E. Barr)
The species is one of the most common peltigericolous fungi in Fennoscandia (Nordin et al. 2020),
particularly in Finland (Puolasmaa et al. 2012).
Specimens examined: Finland. Åland: Länsi-Suomen Lääni, Kemiösaari, Illo Quarry Nature Reserve
(60.0186°N, 22.7079°E), on Peltigera polydactylon, on wood and on moss, 30 July 2016, I. Jüriado 407-4
(TU85515); Lapponia enontekiensis: Lapland, Tunturi Lapland, Muonio (67.9445°N, 23.7243°E), swamp by
roadside, on P. aphthosa, 8 July 2016, I. Jüriado 260 (TU52778); Muonio, Pallas-Yllästunturi National Park
(67.95488°N, 24.0497°E), Scots pine-dominated old growth forest, roadside nearby the gate of national park,
on P. scabrosa on ground, 7 August 2016, I. Jüriado 446-22 (TU52814); Kilpisjärvi, Saana (69.0542°N,

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20.8061°E), on P. malacea, 10 July 2016, I. Jüriado 273 (TU52780); ibidem (69.0356°N, 20.8590° E), birch
forest, on Peltigera sp., 10 July 2016, I. Jüriado 286 (TU52785); Kilpisjärvi, Malla (69.0582°N, 20.7558°E)
calcareous outcrop, on P. aphthosa on mosses, 14 July 2016, I. Jüriado 358 (TU52801). Norway. Troms:
Storfjord Municipality, Storfjord, Lyngenfjord, the Bollman’s road (69.37634°N, 20.1692°E), subarctic birch
forest, on P. leucophlebia, 13 July 2016, I. Jüriado 342 (TU52797).
Pezizella epithallina (W. Phillips & Plowr.) Sacc. Fig. 3
New for Lapponia enontekiensis. This helotialean fungus is known from scattered localities in all
Fennoscandian countries (Nordin et al. 2020).
Specimen examined: Finland. Lapponia enontekiensis: Lapland, Tunturi Lapland, Kilpisjärvi, Saana
(69.0372°N, 20.8581°E), calcareous outcrop, on Peltigera rufescens on calcareous soil, 12 July 2016, I. Jüriado
321 (TU52789).
Plectocarpon linitae (R. Sant.) Wedin & Hafellner
New for Finland.
This is one of six Plectocarpon species that occurs on Lobaria s. str. This species does not induce
galls on its host thallus, and thus differs from the gall-forming Plectocarpon lichenum (Sommerf.)
D. Hawksw., the most common Plectocarpon species on Lobaria (Ertz et al. 2005). The ascospores
of our specimens are 4-celled, colourless and 14–19 × 4–5 μm, the hymenium is I+ red, and the
pigmented parts of the ascomata are K+ green.
Specimens examined: Finland. Lapponia enontekiensis: Lapland, Tunturi Lapland, Kilpisjärvi, Malla
(69.0582°N, 20.7556°E), calcareous outcrop, on Lobaria sp., 14 July 2016, I. Jüriado 359 (TU52803); ibidem
(69.0582° N 20.7553° E), calcareous outcrop, Lobaria sp. on mossy limestone, 14 July 2016, I. Jüriado 361
(TU52807); ibidem (69.0583°N, 20.7545°E), calcareous outcrop, on L. linita, 14 July 2016, I. Jüriado 364
(TU52809).
Plectocarpon peltigerae Zhurb., Ertz, Diederich & Miadl.
New for Lapponia enontekiensis. This species is known from all Fennoscandian countries, but is
rare in all of them (Nordin et al. 2020). It may superficially resemble Arthonia species, but is
microscopically easily distinguished by having stromatic, multilocular fruitbodies, asci of
Opegrapha-type, and 3-septate ascospores, 16–18 × 4–4.5 μm, slightly constricted at the septum
and having a perispore (see also Ertz et al. 2005).
Specimen examined: Finland. Lapponia enontekiensis: Lapland, Tunturi Lapland, Kilpisjärvi, Malla
(69.0582°N, 20.7553°E), calcareous outcrop, on Peltigera scabrosa, 14 July 2016, I. Jüriado 361 (TU52806).
Pronectria erythrinella (Nyl.) Lowen
This species is common in Fennoscandia and reported as growing on many Peltigera species (Nordin
et al. 2020).
Specimen examined: Norway. Troms: Lyngen Municipality, Storfjord, Lyngenfjord, birch forest by trail to
Jiehkkevarri (69.4621°N, 20.0485°E), on Peltigera extenuata, old fireplace, on ground, 9 July 2016, I. Jüriado
266 (TU52779).

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Figure 3. Pezizella epithallina on thallus of Peltigera rufescens (TU52789). Scale bar: 1 mm.
Refractohilum galligenum D. Hawksw.
New for Lapponia enontekiensis. This hyphomycetous species infects thalli of Nephroma species.
The infection is noticeable as brownish galls with a frosty appearance due to the development of
percurrently proliferating, almost hyaline conidiogenous cells with cymbiform conidia on the
surface (Hawksworth 1977). It is known from scattered localities in all Fennoscandian countries
(Nordin et al. 2020).
Specimens examined: Finland. Lapponia enontekiensis: Lapland, Tunturi Lapland, Kilpisjärvi, Malla
(69.0582°N, 20.7558°E), calcareous outcrop, on Nephroma expallidum, 14 July 2016, I. Jüriado 358 (TU52802,
TU85512); Kilpisjärvi, Saana (69.03984°N, 20.8289°E), subarctic birch forest, on N. laevigatum, on stone, 10
July 2016, I. Jüriado 288 (TU85507).
Rhagadostoma lichenicola (De Not.) Keissl.
New for Troms. This common fungus, occurring on the thallus of Solorina crocea, forms crowded,
superficial, perithecioid ascomata in which relatively large, 2–3-septate, light brown, guttulate
ascospores, 36–48 × 8–9 μm and constricted at the septum, develop (Navarro-Rosinés & Hladun
1994). One of the specimens cited (TU56574) is additionally infected with Cercidospora sp., but
the ascomata of this specimen are immature.
Specimens examined: Finland. Lapponia enontekiensis: Tunturi, Lapland Tunturi, Kilpisjärvi, Korgea Jehkas
(69.0878°N, 20.7765°E), on Solorina crocea, 11 July 2016, I. Jüriado, (TU56571, TU56574). Norway. Troms:
Storfjord Municipality, Lyngenfjord, the Bollman’s road, (69.3757°N, 20.1885°E), subarctic birch forest, on S.
crocea, 13 July 2016, I. Jüriado 345 (TU56572).

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Sclerococcum deminutum (Th. Fr.) Ertz & Diederich
This species is common in Fennoscandia and reported as growing on various terricolous lichens
(Nordin et al. 2020).
Specimens examined: Finland. Lapponia enontekiensis: Enontekiö, S-Saana (69.04°N, 20.86°E), 750 m s. m.,
on Ochrolechia upsaliensis (infected also with Sphaerellothecium araneosum) ad terram muscosam in reg. alp,
31 July 1948, A.J. Huuskonen. Lichenotheca Fennica 552 (TU60280); Lapland, Tunturi Lapland, Kilpisjärvi,
Saana (69.0542°N, 20.8061°E), on Ochrolechia sp., 10 July 2016, I. Jüriado 273 (TU52781); Kilpisjärvi, Malla
(69.0571°N, 20.7553°E), calcareous outcrop, plateau, on Peltigera sp., 14 July 2016, I. Jüriado 370 (TU52810);
ibidem (69.0563°N, 20.7536°E), calcareous outcrop, plateau, on Protopannaria pezizoides, 14 July 2016, I.
Jüriado 372 (TU52812).
Sphaerellothecium araneosum (Rehm) Zopf
New for Finland.
This species is common in Sweden and Norway, where it grows on various, mostly terricolous
species of Ochrolechia and Pertusaria (Nordin et al. 2020). Like many other Sphaerellothecium
species, S. araneosum is easily recognizable by its blackish hyphal network associated with the
perithecioid ascomata, which partly or entirely covers the lichen thallus. Previously, any
Sphaerellothecium occurring on the squamules of Cladonia species was treated as S. araneosum var.
cladoniae (Zhurbenko & Alstrup 2004). This variety, recorded also for Finland (Finnish Biodiversity
Information Facility 2020), has meanwhile been raised to the rank of species as S. cladoniae (Alstrup
& Zhurb.) Hafellner (Hafellner 2005).
Specimens examined: Finland. Lapponia enontekiensis: Lapland, Tunturi Lapland, Kilpisjärvi, Saana
(69.0542°N, 20.8061°E), on Ochrolechia sp., 10 July 2016, I. Jüriado 273 (TU52781); ibidem, on Pertusaria
geminipara, 3 September 1927, Th. Lippmaa (TU82411); Enontekiö, S-Saana (69.04°N, 20.86°E), 750 m s. m.,
on O. upsaliensis (infected also with Sclerococcum deminutum), ad terram muscosam in reg. alp., 31 July 1948,
A.J. Huuskonen. Lichenotheca Fennica 552 (TU60280).
Sphaerellothecium cladoniae (Alstrup & Zhurb.) Hafellner
This species is known from scattered localities in all Fennoscandian countries (Zhurbenko & Alstrup
2004; Nordin et al. 2020).
Specimens examined: Finland. Lapponia enontekiensis: Lapland, Tunturi Lapland, Kilpisjärvi, Saana
(69.0543°N, 20.8059°E), limestone outcrop, on Cladonia sp. on mosses, 10 July 2016, I. Jüriado 274
(TU52783); ibidem (69.0372°N, 20.8581°E), calcareous outcrop, on Cladonia sp. on soil, 12 July 2016, I.
Jüriado 321 (TU52790).
Sphaerellothecium minutum Hafellner
New for Finland.
The species is common in Sweden and Norway, where it is recorded from both Sphaerophorus
fragilis and S. globosus (Nordin et al. 2020).
Specimen examined: Finland. Lapponia enontekiensis: Enontekiö, W-Saana (69.04°N, 20.86°E), 800 m s. m.,
on Sphaerophorus globosus ad terram muscosam loco ventoso, 31 July 1948, A.J. Huuskonen. Lichenotheca
Fennica 587 (TU60853).

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Figure 4. Sphaeropezia thamnoliae on thallus of Thamnolia vermicularis (TU52666). Scale bar: 2 mm.
Sphaeropezia thamnoliae (Zhurb., Diederich & Etayo) Baloch & Wedin Fig. 4
New for Finland.
Sphaeropezia thamnoliae has thus far been recorded only from the Russian Arctic and from Torne
Lappmark in Sweden (Diederich et al. 2002; Baloch et al. 2013). It differs from the other two
Sphaeropezia species, S. intermedia (Diederich, Zhurb. & Etayo) Baloch & Wedin and S. santessonii
(Zhurb., Etayo & Diederich) Baloch & Wedin, inhabiting Thamnolia, by having 1-septate fusiform
ascospores and by its relatively small apothecioid ascomata (Diederich et al. 2002). The ascospores
of the specimen are 12–(13.7)–16 × 2.5–(3.25)–4 μm (n=6) fitting the description.
Specimen examined: Finland. Lapponia enontekiensis: Kilpisjärvi, H-Jehkats (69.08°N, 20.83°E), on
Thamnolia vermicularis ad terram in reg. alp., 15 August 1958, A.J. Huuskonen (TU52666).
Stigmidium leucophlebiae Cl. Roux & Triebel
New for Lapponia enontekiensis. Stigmidium leucophlebiae is one of two species of the genus
recorded in our study. It is rarer than S. peltideae (see below) and differs by having notably larger
ascospores and asci: 13.5–15 × 3.5–5 μm and 30–39 × 13–17 μm respectively (versus 9–11.5 × 3–
3.5 μm and 27–29 × 9–11.5 μm respectively in S. peltideae (Roux & Triebel 1994; Puolasmaa et al.
2012)). Furthermore, S. leucophlebiae is more specialized, being restricted to Peltigera leucophlebia.
The ascospores of our specimen correspond to the description (Roux & Triebel 1994), being 13–14
× 3.5–4 μm. The third species of the genus, S. pseudopeltideae Cl. Roux & Triebel, has been not
reported from Fennoscandia (Roux & Triebel 1994; Diederich 2003).

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Specimen examined: Finland. Lapponia enontekiensis: Lapland, Tunturi Lapland, Kilpisjärvi, Saana (69.04°N,
20.8438°E), calcareous outcrop, on Peltigera leucophlebia on mossy stone, 12 July 2016, I. Jüriado 328
(TU52793).
Stigmidium peltideae (Vain.) R. Sant.
This species is common in Fennoscandia (Nordin et al. 2020) and reported from Kilpisjärvi by
Puolasmaa et al. (2012).
Specimens examined: Finland. Lapponia enontekiensis: Lapland, Tunturi Lapland, Kilpisjärvi, Saana
(69.0542°N, 20.8061°E), on Peltigera kristinssonii, 10 July 2016, I. Jüriado 273 (TU52782); ibidem
(69.0396°N, 20.8449°E), calcareous outcrop, on P. rufescens agg., on soil, 12 July 2016, I. Jüriado 327
(TU85509); ibidem (69.0386°N, 20.8488°E), calcareous outcrop, on P. rufescens, 12 July 2016, I. Jüriado 322
(TU52791); ibidem (69.0549°N, 20.835°E), on P. aphthosa, 10 July 2016, I. Jüriado 278 (TU52784); base of
Saana (69.0412°N, 20.8236°E), subarctic birch forest, on Nephroma resupinatum on mossy granite stone, 12
July 2016, I. Jüriado 318 (TU52788); Malla (69.0563°N, 20.7537°E), calcareous outcrop, plateau, on P.
rufescens agg., 14 July 2016, I. Jüriado 372 (TU52811); Kilpisjärvi (69.0517°N 20.789°E), roadside, on P.
venosa, on gravel, 11 July 2016, I. Jüriado 316 (TU85508).
Stigmidium pumilum (Lettau) Matzer & Hafellner
This species is known from all Fennoscandian countries, being common in Sweden and Finland
(Nordin et al. 2020). In Finland, the species is recorded from both Physcia and Phaeophyscia species
(Puolasmaa et al. 2008).
Specimens examined: Finland. Lapponia enontekiensis: Enontekiö, Kilpisjärvi, SW-Saana (69.04°N, 20.86°E),
on Phaeophyscia constipata ad terram muscosam umbrosamque et ad ramos Juniperus communis in reg.
betulina. 23 July 1957, A.J. Huuskonen. Lichenotheca Fennica 1062 (TU10819).
Talpapellis beschiana (Diederich) Zhurb. et al.
(= Taeniolella beschiana Diederich)
New for Finland.
Talpapellis beschiana is probably one of the most common lichenicolous fungi on Cladonia,
inhabiting various species and being reported from many European countries (Heuchert et al. 2018).
The infection of this hyphomycetous fungus is visible as dark brown, erect conidiophores to 0.5 mm
long that develop on both the basal squamules, especially at their margins, and the podetia of the
host (Diederich 1992). The conidiophores may be dispersed or in extensive colonies that give the
impression of tiny black hairs covering the Cladonia thallus.
Specimens examined: Finland. Lapponia enontekiensis: Lapland, Tunturi Lapland, Kilpisjärvi, Saana
(69.0407°N, 20.8354°E), calcareous outcrop, on Cladonia sp., 12 July 2016, I. Jüriado 329 (TU52794);
Enontekiö, Kilpisjärvi, prope deversorium Societatitis viatorum Fennicae, on C. bellidiflora ad terram
arenosam, 21 July 1948, A.J. Huuskonen. Lichenotheca Fennica 494 (TU59696); Saana (69.04°N, 20.85°E),
on C. coccifera, 22 August 1927, Th. Lippmaa 2205 (TU68053); near Mallajoki waterfall (69.07°N, 20.72°E),
on C. carneola, 28 August 1927, Th. Lippmaa 2252 (TU63667); Raasatunturi (69.08°N, 20.65°E), on C.
uliginosa, 27 August 1927, Th. Lippmaa 2259 (TU65271); ibidem, on C. stricta (TU65272).

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Tremella cetrariellae Millanes, Diederich, M. Westb., Pippola & Wedin
This species is confined to Cetrariella delisei and is reported from all Fennoscandian countries
(Nordin et al. 2020). It is recognized by its characteristic, tuberculate galls without a central
depression, the latter being characteristic for its sister species, T. cetrariicola Diederich & Coppins.
These two species differ in their basidia: 2-celled and with a longitudinal or oblique septum in T.
cetrariicola; 2–4-septate with an additional transverse septum in T. cetrariellae (Millanes et al.
2015).
Specimens examined: Finland. Lapponia enontekiensis: Pieni Malla (69.05°N, 20.75°E), on Cetrariella delisei,
1927, Th. Lippmaa 2297 (TU12873); Norway. Finnmark: Sør-Varanger, Kirkenes (69.73°N, 30.04°E), on C.
delisei, 21 July 1927, Th. Lippmaa 1659 (TU12870).
Acknowledgements: Special thanks are due to prof. Jouko Rikkinen (University of Helsinki) for organizing
the trip to Kilpisjärvi area. Restricted collecting of lichens in nature reserves of the Kilpisjärvi area were done
following the permit (MH 2611/2016). Gintaras Kantvilas (Tasmanian herbarium) is thanked for correcting the
language, and the reviewers for their constructive criticism. Financial support of IJ was received from the
European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant
agreement No 659070. The financial support of AS was provided by the European Regional Development Fund
(Centre of Excellence EcolChange).
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