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Modeling and control of 41-level inverter using best switching angles calculation method
Abstract and Figures
In this paper, analysis and modeling of a single-phase H-bridge forty-one level inverter are con sidered. The control of proposed inverter by equal-phase and half-height methods is implemented. MATLAB/Simulink environments are used to simulate the model an d show obtained results of waveforms with FFT analysis. Eventually, the total harmonic distortion obtained for each level with the two methods is presented, comparatively, for a comparison.
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... In this technique, the harmonic energy is to be concentrated in the form of sideband harmonics around the carrier signal frequency but not present at carrier frequency [25]. Figure 43: Classifcation of switching techniques [23][24][25][146][147][148][149][150][151][152][153][154], [5,8,82,[155][156][157][158][159][160][161][162][163][164][165][166][167][168][169][170][171][172][173], [11,[174][175][176][177][178][179][180][181][182][183][184][185][186][187][188][189]. regulating and controlling the output pulses to switches according to the requirement. ...
... Quantities. Te conventional MLIs are the basic structures for MLI topology evolutions, so obviously they lack in several aspects compared to recent topologies [152,153]. In conventional MLI topologies, we have 3 types. ...
Over the years, multi-level inverter (MLI) usage has increased widely for several applications like motor drives, renewable energy source- (RES-) fed grids, and electric vehicles (EVs). In recent scenarios, the development of RES, grids, and EVs is in advanced mode, and this became the reason for innovations in recent MLI topologies. The new topologies have more advantages, unique features, and abilities to meet the advanced requirements. Therefore, these new topologies are preferable for recent applications. In this paper, a detailed review of recent MLI topologies, controllers, and PWM techniques is done by considering some physical aspects as well as some performance aspects. Also, the particular focus is on the MLI topologies, controllers, and PWM techniques for photovoltaic (PV) system-fed grids and microgrids to provide details for selecting the suitable MLI topology and PWM technique for PV systems. The detailed analysis of each topology is discussed for categorizing specific applications along with futuristic expansion aspects. The future research scope on MLI topologies for PV systems is summarized with appropriate comprehensive comparisons along with their unique features over other topologies. Also, the advanced controllers and PWM techniques are also discussed with advantages and their wide range of controlling abilities.
... Multilevel inverters (MLIs) have recently attracted growing interest in the supply of vector-controlled induction motors due to their many advantages over conventional two-level inverters and the increasing improvement in system performance [8]. Among the various MLI topologies, five-level inverters (FLIs) are particularly well known for their ability to generate five output voltage levels [9]. ...
This paper offers a system for an electric vehicle. It consists of digitally controlling an induction motor without using a speed sensor. The machine is powered by a five-level cascading H-bridge inverter. The SVM control principle is used to manage the status of the five-level inverter; this removes harmonics. The H-bridge inverter converter is powered by photovoltaic sources via a serial converter, using the maximum power point tracker control principle. This structure can also reduce shading losses. In the absence of a mechanical sensor, a dynamic model of the asynchronous machine is utilized with the state variables defined in the stator reference frame. The state vector consists of the components of the rotor flux and stator current. The article provides a comparison of two methods widely used on an induction motor drive. The adaptive model-reference system method and Luenberger observer are evaluated using an active control strategy to reject disturbances to minimize the impact of disturbances. The operating principles of each method are described, and the mathematical models of training systems are developed. Both methods provide a promise for high-speed estimate applications in simulation environments. The simulation results obtained show the correct operation of both observers. Perfect decoupling between the velocity and flow control loops is observed, taking into account any disturbances that may affect the system.
... On distingue trois topologies classiques d'onduleurs multiniveaux, l'onduleur multiniveau à point neutre également appelé onduleur à diode, l'onduleur multiniveau à condensateur flottant également connu sous le nom de condensateur clampé et l'onduleur multiniveau à pont en H en cascade [5]. En raison de sa fiabilité, puissance et capacité de support haute tension, l'onduleur multiniveau à pont en H en cascade est populaire et beaucoup utilisé dans les systèmes industriels [6]. ...
Dans cet article, nous proposons la conception d'un filtre LCL pour un onduleur monophasé à cinq niveaux connecté au réseau. Nous avons effectué l'étude en découplage Direct-Quadrature, où la technique de la boucle à verrouillage de phase (PLL) a été employée pour la synchronisation entre l'onduleur à cinq niveaux doté d'un filtre LCL d'une part et le réseau d'autre part. Au cours de cette étude, nous nous concentrons principalement sur la conception du filtre LCL, et le contrôle de la puissance active avec la technique de Modulation de Largeur d'Impulsion (MLI) sinusoïdale. On se sert de l'environnement MATLAB/Simulink pour valider l'analyse théorique. Selon les résultats obtenus, le taux de distorsion harmonique total du courant dans le réseau ne dépasse pas 0,15%, ce qui est conforme aux normes internationales.
... CHBMLI is the widely used in industrial systems due to its high reliability, modularity, high voltage capacity, and power [4]. It is theoretically possible to produce several output voltage levels using any one of the previous mentioned conventional topologies, but this procedure requires many switching devices and DC power sources, which then leads to increasing the implementation cost and difficulties in the control system [5]. ...
This paper presents the analysis, design, and simulation of a power system composed of a grid-tied single-phase five-level inverter with an LCL filter. First, the analysis of the proposed system has been carried out in the decoupled Direct-Quadrature frame, where the Phase-Lock-Loop technique has been used for synchronizing the LCL-filter-connected-grid with the five-level inverter. Next, the design of the LCL filter has been discussed. In this paper, we focused on the active power control based on grid current adjustment using a proportional-integral regulator and a high-frequency modulation technique for the switching of a five-level inverter, where the Sinusoidal-Pulse-Width-Modulation technique is selected. All circuit design and control schemes are discussed step by step to provide the effectiveness of the system analysis. The theoretical analysis is verified through simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink environments. An important finding when using the five-level inverter in a grid-connect system is improving the system output voltage; the total standing voltage and the total harmonic distortion are decreased compared to a conventional H-bridge inverter. The results indicate that the total harmonic distortion of grid-current is less than 0.2%, which is according to the international standards.
... The five-level inverter can be controlled using various modulation strategies. To presents the superiority of the proposed low-frequency ANN-SHE technique, a comparison between a high-frequency switching modulation (PD-LP-PWM), a low-frequency switching half-height (HH) method, 27 a low-frequency switching equal-phase (EP) method, 27 and the discussed ANN-SHE method is carried out in this subsection. Figure 20 illustrates the principle of level-shifted (LS-PWM) modulation based on phase disposition (PD), and the waveform of the five-level output voltage. ...
This paper presents the implementation of selective harmonic elimination (SHE) in a five‐level inverter structure using artificial neural networks (ANNs). SHE is an effective low‐frequency modulation technique to eliminate selected harmonics and control multilevel converters. The use of ANN‐SHE requires the calculation of the optimum values of switching angles via the solving system of nonlinear equations for the total harmonic distortion (THD) reduction, where the nonlinear equations are founded by the complex Fourier series analysis of the inverter output voltage. The procured switching angle values are directly implemented by a multilayer perceptron (MLP) algorithm without a lookup table. The ANN model is obtained by training the neural network (NN), taking the modulation index (M) as an input and approximating switching angles as an output. A thorough analysis was carried out to show the programming steps of the proposed ANN‐based SHE using Matlab/Simulink environment. A realized inverter prototype steered by the proposed ANN‐based SHE was tested with various modulation indexes on a real‐time mode using a digital signal processor (DSP) C2000 Delfino–TMS320F28379D‐embedded board. A comparison between the simulation results and the experimental data is presented. The obtained results illustrate that the experimental results match the simulation closely, and the ANN model provides a fast and precise estimate of the switching angles for each value of the modulation index.
This paper introduces a B-type inverter and an improved Y source DC-DC converter that use a selective harmonic elimination (SHE) method based on whale optimization to inject power into the grid with reduced harmonic content. The suggested topology contains four unidirectional switches, two bidirectional switches and three DC sources to produce the required output voltage level. The proposed topology can be functioned with equal and unequal DC sources. The developed structure can generate the negative voltages without the use of an H-bridge. It has more redundant states, and it is partially fault tolerant in nature. The proposed structure provides a high value of level to switch ratio. A single input multiple output high gain modular Y-source DC-DC converter is implemented for effective utilization of the PV modules in the suggested system. The triggering angles for the suggested system is generated using the SHE based whale optimization algorithm (WOA). Using the SHE-WOA method a total harmonic distortion (THD) of 4.31% is obtained. The developed system is integrated with the grid and for grid synchronization PI based WOA method is used. Simulation study has identified the presence of only 2.47% of harmonics in the grid current and 2.03% in experimental analysis. Both these harmonic distortions are less than the IEEE-519 standards.
This paper presents a simulation and experimental validation of H-bridge inverter with the implementation of a Newton-Raphson algorithm for selective harmonics elimination. Contributions are made in interfacing and programming of Arduino ATmega328P microcontroller and use it to control of single-phase inverter by selective harmonic elimination technique. Through this work, we have given a general analytical description of the total harmonic distortion and present the method of application of the Newton-Raphson algorithm for selective harmonic elimination. MATLAB Simulink used for simulation and Arduino IDE software was used to program the Arduino board. The validity of the simulation model is verified by experimental results, the inverter was realized and the algorithm control is tested, results of the simulation and realization are compared, they show the efficiency of the system analysis and demonstrate the ability of Arduino to control the inverter and to generate complex signals for the electrical systems control.
p>Multilevel inverters are becoming popular for power conversion in renewable energy systems, AC-DC hybrid micro grids etc. The voltage stress and inrush current through these inverter leg switches are quite higher as compared to the load ratings which increase the chances of inverter leg switch failure. A three level neutral point clamped quasi Z source inverter topology is discussed in this paper which has the features of lower component count, reduced capacitor voltage stress, and it can be operated at different control strategies to achieve wide range of voltage boosting ability, suited for photovoltaic (PV) systems. It also ensures continuous input current irrespective of the DC supply voltage variations and injects stable and smooth power to the load/grid. The effectiveness of the proposed inverter is verified by simulation results in MATLAB Simulink model as well as performing experiment with the help of a laboratory prototype.</p
the power generated from the renewable sources like solar energy produces is a direct current. This DC power needs to be converted to alternate current power, as most of the appliances use AC power, circuit which convert DC power into AC power at desired output voltage and frequency are called as inverters. Like all power, its needs to be under control. The digital control has been popular, is a branch of control theory that uses digital computers to act as system controllers. The use of digital control of electrical equipment increasing. Recently years, digital control has been greatly used in different applications such as the power transmission. Compared to traditional analogue control, digital control of inverter has many advantages. The main objective of this work is the realization of half bridge resonant inverter and controlled with arduino. The digital control is tested in proposed inverter and the results obtained show the efficiency of digital control by the arduino board.
Keywords—Inverters; Power Electronics; Digital control; Arduino.
This paper presented an analytical and closed-form solution for the harmonic contents that were injected in the five-level inverters from asymmetrical DC sources or batteries which were suitable for renewable energy sources. In the five-level inverters, two DC sources V1 and V2 were used to synthesize the output voltage. Therefore, two transcendental equations were formulated for the fundamental and the third harmonic orders based on the unequal DC sources V1 and V2. These transcendental equations were solved analytically for low switching control technique. The proposed solution included the modulation index change which resulted in changing the fundamental component. Therefore, two switching angles are formulated and solved analytically to control the amplitude of the fundamental voltage and cancel the third order harmonic. A well-known third order equation was generated. Thus, a closed-form solution for the above two switching angles will be generated in terms of the modulation index. The proposed solution was tested for a wide range of V1/V2 ratio. Some selected simulation and experimental results were provided to validate the proposed method for wide ranges of both modulation index and V1/V2 ratio.
p> This paper proposes a new optimal high level multilevel inverter with minimum number of components. This multi level inverter (MLI) is designed with series combination of basic units which can generate positive levels at output. DC source values applied for each basic unit is different with another. An H bridge is connected across proposed MLI for generating negative levels along with positive levels at output and that inverter considered as proposed high level optimal multilevel inverter. Single unit is responsible producing 21 levels. Therefore six units are connected in cascaded form to increase number of levels as 127 at output. Decrease in the number of power switches, driver circuits, and dc voltage sources are the improvement of the proposed MLI. Sinusoidal multiple pulse width modulation (SPWM) technique is implemented to produce pulses for turning ON switches according requirement. Low total harmonic distortion at output voltage or current production is major advantage of proposed module. The validations of proposed MLI results are verified through MATLAB/SIMULINK. </p
This article deals with the PV based DC/DC boost chopper integrated nine level inverter. This topology requires 7 switches in minimum to obtain a nine level stepped wave output. So the main objective of this paper is to develop a 9 level AC output using PV based DC/DC boost chopper. In the case of conventional multi-level inverter, 16 switches were utilized and the number of sources needed was also more. Here the proposed system comprises of single PV panel and the switches used are also less. Also PV is integrated with DC/DC boost chopper is used to increase the source input level of the inverter. Using MATLAB platform, the proposed system is simulated with a resistive and inductive load. The similar results are obtained in prototype which validates the designed converter. Copyright © 2019 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved.
Multilevel inverters (MLIs) are being used in wide range of power electronics applications. These converters that are attracted a lot of attentions during recent years have different topologies with similar basic concept. This paper presents five main submodules (SMs) that are used as the basic structures of MLIs. The paper reviews the common multilevel inverter topologies with the structural point of view. The topologies are divided to main SMs to show conventional MLIs configuration and future topologies that can be created from the main SMs. The comparative study on topologies is investigated with details. The MLIs are categorized and investigated with due attention to some indexes such as the number of components, the ability to create inherent negative voltage, working in regeneration mode and using single DC source.
Multilevel inverters are used in power conversion system due to improved
voltage and current waveforms. This paper presents the comparison of
various Carrier Overlapping Pulse Width Modulation (COPWM) Strategies
for the three phase Cascaded Multi Level Inverter (CMLI). Various new
schemes adopting the constant switching frequency and also variable
switching frequency multicarrier control freedom degree combination
concepts are developed and simulated for the chosen three phase CMLI. A
single phase CMLI is controlled in this paper with Sinusoidal PWM (SPWM)
reference along with Carrier Overlapping (CO) techniques and simulation is
performed using MATLAB-SIMULINK. The variation of fundamental RMS
output voltage and total harmonic distortion is observed for various carrier
overlapping techniques. Among the various equal amplitude and unequal
amplitude carriers carrier overlapping techniques such as COPWM-A,
COPWM-B and COPWM-C, It is observed from Table 4 that all PWM
method provides output with relative low distortion for equal amplitude
carriers. If equal voltage sources are chosen then the THD will be less in the
case of unequal amplitude carriers. But for the unequal voltage sources the
THD is more in the case of unequal amplitude carriers. It is observed from
simulation results that (Table-5) almost in all the strategies unequal
amplitude carriers gives more fundamental RMS values compared to equal
amplitude carriers. It is seen from table 6 that peak voltage is more in the
case of unequal amplitude carriers compared to equal amplitude carriers. It is
observed from the table 7 that dc components are less in both equal and
unequal amplitude carriers.