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A new species of Mormodes (Orchidaceae: Catasetinae) from southern Amazon, Brazil
Abstract
Mormodes matogrossensis, a new epiphytic orchid species is described and illustrated from the Floresta Estacional Sempre Verde along the Teles Pires River in southern Brazilian Amazon. This species belongs to M. sect. Mormodes and is similar to M. vinacea and M. paraënsis but differs by the lip lanceolate-trullate with basal lateral lobes, which are rounded and inconspicuously obtuse. We provided description, taxonomic and ecological comments, state of conservation, geographic distribution map, illustrations of the new species.
We describe and illustrate Maxillaria luizotavioi, a new orchid species from the Brazilian Amazon belonging to Maxillaria sect. Rufescens. The new species can be distinguished from Maxillaria cruentata from Colombia, the morphologically most similar species, by having pale yellow sepals and petals, lanceolate lateral sepals and dark vinous lip with rounded to obtuse apex. Additionally, we provide an identification key to the species of the section that occurs in Brazil.
Sarcoglottis matogrossensis, a new orchid species from the southern edge of the Brazilian Amazon, is described and illustrated. The novelty was found growing as humicolous and saxicolous in the understory of the seasonal evergreen forest on the banks of the Teles Pires River, in the north-central region of Mato Grosso state. Sarcoglottis matogrossensis is similar to S. amazonica, S. maroaënsis, S. metallica, and S. neillii, differing from these in the proportionally narrower and longer light green leaves that may or may not have white spots, the flowering that occurs after the senescence of the leaves, and the petals with apices conspicuously free, acute, and reflexed. We suggest the category of Data Deficient (DD) due to the scarcity of collections and the unknown effect of illegal deforestation on the populations of this species, pending further studies.
We present a taxonomic revision for Cyclodium, a neotropical fern genus that is most diverse in the Amazon lowlands, especially in the Guianas and Venezuela, but also extending to Central America, the western Andes and southeastern Brazil. The genus belongs to the Dryopteridaceae and is distinguished from other genera in this family by its dimorphic fronds and peltate indusia. We recognize 13 species of Cyclodium, for which we provide morphological descriptions, distribution maps, an identification key, illustrations and taxonomic comments. Cyclodium pubescens is described as new to science, C. meniscioides var. paludosum and C. meniscioides var. rigidissimum are synonymized under C. meniscioides, and C. heterodon var. abbreviatum is synonymized under C. heterodon. Lectotypes are designated for Aspidium confertum, A. guianense, C. rigidissimum, Dryopteris calophylla and Polystichum inerme. We also provide an assessment on conservation status for each species following IUCN categories and criteria.
Zamia brasiliensis Calonje & Segalla, a new subterranean-stemmed species of Zamia (Zamiaceae) from Mato Grosso and Rondônia, Brazil, is described and illustrated. It is compared to two morphologically similar species with adjacent geographic distributions: Z. boliviana from the Cerrado biome, and the Amazonian species Z. ulei. The new species shares unarmed petioles with Z. boliviana but is readily distinguishable by its much broader leaflets. Z. brasiliensis has leaflets somewhat resembling those of juvenile individuals of Z. ulei, but the latter species is easily differentiated by the presence of prickles on its petiole.
Resumo É apresentado o novo registro de distribuição geográfica do gênero Paphinia para a Região Centro-Oeste brasileira, no estado de Mato Grosso. Este novo registro amplia a distribuição atual de P. cristata bem como do gênero para o limite sul da Amazônia brasileira. São apresentados uma descrição, comentários taxonômicos e ecológicos, distribuição geográfica, prancha fotográfica, além de uma chave de identificação para as espécies do gênero que ocorrem no Brasil.
The Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC) was established by the Conference of Parties in 2002 to decrease the loss of plant diversity, reduce poverty and contribute to sustainable development. To achieve this overarching goal, the GSPC has established a series of targets, one of which is to ensure that plant diversity is well understood, so that it can be effectively conserved and used in a sustainable manner. Brazil hosts more than 46,000 species of plants, algae and fungi, representing one of the most biodiverse countries on Earth, and playing a key role in the GSPC. To meet the GSPC goals of Target 1 and facilitate access to plant diversity, Brazil committed to preparing the List of Species of the Brazilian Flora (2008–2015) and the Brazilian Flora 2020 (2016–present). Managing all the information associated with such great biodiversity has proven to be an
extremely challenging task. Here, we synthesize the history of these projects, focusing on the multidisciplinary and collaborative approach adopted to develop and manage the inclusion of all the knowledge generated though digital information systems. We further describe the methods used, challenges faced, and strategies adopted, as well as summarize advances to date and prospects for completing the Brazilian flora in 2020.
We describe Anemia paripinnata, a new species from the rock outcrops of Central Brazil. It is remarkably distinct from most of its congeners by having paripinnate lamina, a character that is only found in the Amazonian A. dardanoi. The new species is described, illustrated, and compared to the most similar species in the genus. The new species is known from few collections in Mato Grosso. Based on the IUCN criteria, it can be considered an endangered species.
Vismia conduplicata, a new species of Hypericaceae from Mato Grosso state, Brazil, is described and illustrated. It is associated to "campos de murundus", a kind of Cerrado physiognomy with woody plants growing on earth mounds, in a grassland matrix. The species was included in Vismia sect. Trianthera, based on the number of stamens per stamen fascicle and the number of ovules per locule. A comparison with the morphologically similar species Vismia micrantha is also provided.
Resumo Durante o resgate de Flora da usina Hidrelétrica Colíder foi coletado material de Heteropsis reticulata em todas as suas fases fenológicas, possibilitando ampliar o conhecimento desta espécie, até o momento apenas conhecida pelo material tipo herborizado. Este corresponde a um novo registro de distribuição geográfica para a região Centro Oeste, no estado do Mato Grosso. Palavras-chave: Amazônia, hemiepífita, Monsteroideae, região neotropical, Rio Teles Pires.
We present a new record for Brazil, Macroclinium chasei, until now known only from Bolivia and Peru. A description, illustration and photographs are presented, together with data of geographic distribution, and taxonomical and ecological comments.Resumo: É apresentado o registro de Macroclinium chasei para o Brasil, conhecida até o momento apenas para a Bolívia e Perú. São fornecidas a descrição, ilustração, prancha fotográ ca, além de dados de distribuição geográ ca, comentários taxonômicos e ecológicos da espécie.
Cyclobotrya telespirensis, a new hybrid and new hybrid fern genus, is described from the margin of the Teles Pires River in southern Brazilian Amazon. The new nothotaxon is derived from the cross between Polybotrya goyazensis and Cyclodium meniscioides var. meniscioides. This is the first report of hybridization between Cyclodium and Polybotrya. It represents a rare instance of an intergeneric hybrid in ferns. We present illustrations, a description, and taxonomic and ecologic comments of the new nothotaxon.
It is described and illustrated Catasetum colidense, from margins of the Teles Pires River, in Mato Grosso State, Brazil. The new species is compared and discussed with the morphologically related species. É descrita e ilustrada Catasetum colidense, oriunda das margens do rio Teles Pires, estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil. A nova espécie é comparada e discutida com as espécies morfologicamente próximas.
This study provides a taxonomic revision for the Neotropical species of the genus Murdannia. Six species are recognized as native, including a new species and a new combination, while two Asian species are recognized as invasive. We present an identification key, a table summarizing the morphologic differences among the species, a new synonym, six lectotypifications, a distribution map, and descriptions, comments and photographic plates for each species. We also provide comments on the morphology of the Neotropical species of Murdannia, comparing them with the Paleotropical species, and a discussion of inflorescence architecture in the genus as a whole.
Interspecific phylogenetic relationships in the Neotropical orchid genus Mormodes were assessed by means of maximum parsimony (MP) and bayesian inference (bI) analyses of non-coding nuclear ribosomal (nrItS) and plastid (trnL–trnF) dNa sequences and 24 morphological characters for 36 species of Mormodes and seven additional outgroup species of Catasetinae. the bootstrap (>50%) consensus trees of the MP analyses of each separate dataset differed in the degree of resolution and overall clade support, but there were no contradicting groups with strong bootstrap support. MP and bI combined analyses recovered similar relationships, with the notable exception of the bI analysis not resolving section Mormodes as monophy-letic. however, sections Coryodes and Mormodes were strongly and weakly supported as monophyletic by the MP analysis, respectively, and each has diagnostic morphological characters and different geographical distribution. the geographic structure reflected by the recovered phylogenetic patterns suggests that it is possible to undertake taxonomic revision of regional clades, which eventually will lead to a thorough revision of the genus.
An updated inventory of Brazilian seed plants is presented and offers important insights into the country’s biodiversity. This work started in 2010, with the publication of the Plants and Fungi Catalogue, and has been updated since by more than 430 specialists working online. Brazil is home to 32,086 native Angiosperms and 23 native Gymnosperms, showing an increase of 3% in its species richness in relation to 2010. The Amazon Rainforest is the richest Brazilian biome for Gymnosperms, while the Atlantic Rainforest is the richest one for Angiosperms. There was a considerable increment in the number of species and endemism rates for biomes, except for the Amazon that showed a decrease of 2.5% of recorded endemics. However, well over half of Brazillian seed plant species (57.4%) is endemic to this territory. The proportion of life-forms varies among different biomes: trees are more expressive in the Amazon and Atlantic Rainforest biomes while herbs predominate in the Pampa, and lianas are more expressive in the Amazon, Atlantic Rainforest, and Pantanal. This compilation serves not only to quantify Brazilian biodiversity, but also to highlight areas where there information is lacking and to provide a framework for the challenge faced in conserving Brazils unique and diverse flora.
A new species of Catasetum has been found along the banks of the River Teles Pires, in the Southern region of the Brazilian Amazon. In the present study it is described and illustrated, and has its conservation status discussed. The species presents unique features and stands out among others found in the same region, and can be compared partially to C. mattosianum.
We present novelties in Thismiaceae for the south of the Brazilian Amazon, resulting from botanical expeditions in the north of the Mato Grosso State. The occurrence of four species is recorded: Thismia hyalina; T. melanomitra; T. singeri and a species new to science: T. ribeiroi. These are the first records of the family Thismiaceae, as well as of the genus Thismia and these species for the Mato Grosso State. Thismia melanomitra is a new species for the flora of Brazil and T. singeri is the second record of the species for Brazil. In this study, we also describe and illustrate the new species Thismia ribeiroi.
A new subspecies of Passiflora garckei (Passifloraceae) in Brazilian Amazon is described and illustrated. Furthermore, the lectotype of P. gardneri is herein designated and its geographical distribution is expanded to the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil.
Tovomita Aublet (1775: 956) is a Neotropical genus with ca. 70 spp. Recent discoveries of new taxa displaying peculiarities in the leaves and fruits (Poncy & Offroy, 2006; Marinho et al., 2016) have increased the morphological variation within the genus. The fruits are historically neglected in the taxonomy of the group because most species have a common pattern of fruit morphology (i.e., spheroid or pyriform, smooth epicarp, red mesocarp, and orange aril). In addition, the ovary in Tovomita has four to six locules, but the intraspecific variation in the number of carpels has not been recorded, except for the T. weddelliana Planchon & Triana (1860: 277) species complex. During a field work in Teles Pires River, Mato Grosso state, Brazil, we found a remarkable population of T. laurina Planchon & Triana (1860: 282) that includes individuals with an unusual morphological variation in the fruits: five to seven carpels. Tovomita laurina was described only based on staminate plants, and the pistillate flower and fruits have not yet been described. Thus, we present a description of the reproductive whorls and fruits of T. laurina based on specimens from various locations and pictures of the living plant taken in situ. Additionally, we designate a lectotype and discuss the differences in the number of petals from the original description.
Protium decorum is described and illustrated. The distribution of this new taxon exemplifies a rather common pattern around the southern periphery of the Amazon.
Located in the southeastern limit of the Amazon biome, the Xingu State Park (PEX) was identified as a knowledge gap, leading to a floristic and vegetation survey of the area. During this work, 463 species distributed in 295 genera and 111 families of vascular plants were recorded, including dozens of new records for the state of Mato Grosso and at least five species new to science. Seven vegetation types were found, among which the Open Ombrophilous forest and the “Várzea” (floodplain) and lake vegetation showed the highest species richness. The vegetation of the Alto Xingu River was hitherto undocumented although this area is subject to strong deforestation pressure for cattle ranching from the southwest and soybean cultivation from the southeast, and is currently a focus of international attention due to the plans for the Belo Monte hydroelectric plant downriver in the state of Pará. When compared with a survey of the neighbouring Cristalino State Park, there was remarkably little overlap in vegetation types and plant species, highlighting the importance of increasing the intensity of plant surveys and collections in the Amazon including protected areas, so as to address the many, vast lacunae in our understanding of this biodiverse and threatened biome. Historic and geographic factors have polarized research in Brazil such that the Amazonian biome lags behind the eastern part of the country in terms of plant knowledge, and this type of initiative helps in providing much needed data to address this situation.
The leafless condition is present in two neotropical epiphyte genera of Orchidaceae, Campylocentrum and Dendrophylax. Only the first one is reported from Brazil, where seven leafless species are recorded, and four of them are endemic. This study describes two new species of Campylocentrum from the Atlantic forest of São Paulo state and Amazon forest of Acre, Mato Grosso and Rondônia states. It also provides a key to the Brazilian species of leafless Campylocentrum, illustrations, and a discussion of the affinities of the new species with allied ones.
Since the last classification of Orchidaceae in 2003, there has been major progress in the determination of relationships, and we present here a revised classification including a list of all 736 currently recognized genera. A number of generic changes have occurred in Orchideae (Orchidoideae), but the majority of changes have occurred in Epidendroideae. In the latter, almost all of the problematic placements recognized in the previous classification 11 years ago have now been resolved. In Epidendroideae, we have recognized three new tribes (relative to the last classification): Thaieae (monogeneric) for Thaia, which was previously considered to be the only taxon incertae sedis; Xerorchideae (monogeneric) for Xerorchis; and Wullschlaegelieae for achlorophyllous Wullschlaegelia, which had tentatively been placed in Calypsoeae. Another genus, Devogelia, takes the place of Thaia as incertae sedis in Epidendroideae. Gastrodieae are clearly placed among the tribes in the neottioid grade, with Neottieae sister to the remainder of Epidendroideae. Arethuseae are sister to the rest of the higher Epidendroideae, which is unsurprising given their mostly soft pollinia. Tribal relationships within Epidendroideae have been much clarified by analyses of multiple plastid DNA regions and the low-copy nuclear gene Xdh. Four major clades within the remainder of Epidendroideae are recognized: Vandeae/Podochileae/Collabieae, Cymbidieae, Malaxideae and Epidendreae, the last now including Calypsoinae (previously recognized as a tribe on its own) and Agrostophyllinae s.s. Agrostophyllinae and Collabiinae were unplaced subtribes in the 2003 classification. The former are now split between two subtribes, Agrostophyllinae s.s. and Adrorhizinae, the first now included in Epidendreae and the second in Vandeae. Collabiinae, also probably related to Vandeae, are now elevated to a tribe along with Podochileae. Malaxis and relatives are placed in Malaxidinae and included with Dendrobiinae in Malaxideae. The increased resolution and content of larger clades, recognized here as tribes, do not support the ‘phylads’ in Epidendroideae proposed 22 years ago by Dressler. © 2014 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2015, 177, 151–174.
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