Some Noteworthy Findings of Aphyllophoroid Fungi in the North of Eastern Fenoscandia (Murmansk Region, Russia)

Abstract

Twenty-eight noteworthy species of aphyllophoroid fungi were recorded in the Murmansk Region (north-eastern Fennoscandia, Russia). Twenty-one species were reported for the first time in the region: Ceratellopsis corneri, Clavaria amoenoides, C. flavipes, Clavulinopsis umbrinella, Fibulomyces mutabilis, Hydnomerulius pinastri, Hyphoderma sibiricum, Hypochnicium albostramineum, Lentaria afflata, L. micheneri, Peniophorella pallida, Piloderma lanatum, Postia rennyi, Pseudotomentella umbrina, Ramariopsis crocea, R. tenuicula, Sarcodon scabrosus, Sistotrema diademiferum, Typhula curvispora, T. pachypus and T. struthiopteridis. Seven species are second and third records in the forest tundra and northern boreal zone: Ceratellopsis sagittiformis, Odontia fibrosa, Phaeoclavulina flaccida, Pterula sclerotiicola, Ramariopsis tenuiramosa, Tomentellopsis echinospora and Tulasnella allantospora.

Full text

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SOME NOTEWORTHY FINDINGS OF APHYLLOPHOROID FUNGI IN THE NORTH OF
EASTERN FENNOSCANDIA (MURMANSK REGION, RUSSIA)
Yuliia R. Kh i m i c h 1*, Anton G. Sh i r y a e v 2, Sergey V. vo l o b u e v 3
1Institute of North Industrial Ecology Problems, Kola Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Akademgorodok Str.14a, 184209 Apatity, Murmansk Region, Russia
2Institute of Plant & Animal Ecology (IPAE), Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (UrB RAS),
8th March Str. 202/3, 620144 Ekaterinburg, Russia
3Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor Popov Str. 2,
197376 St Petersburg, Russia
*Corresponding author. E-mail: ukhim@inbox.ru
Abstract
Khimich Yu.R., Shiryaev A.G., Volobuev S.V., 2020: Some noteworthy ndings of Aphyllophoroid fungi in
the north of Eastern Fennoscandia (Murmansk Region, Russia). – Botanica, 26(1): 49–60.
Twenty-eight noteworthy species of aphyllophoroid fungi were recorded in the Murmansk Region (north-eas-
tern Fennoscandia, Russia). Twenty-one species were reported for the rst time in the region: Ceratellopsis
corneri, Clavaria amoenoides, C.avipes, Clavulinopsis umbrinella, Fibulomyces mutabilis, Hydnomerulius
pinastri, Hyphoderma sibiricum, Hypochnicium albostramineum, Lentariaafata, L. micheneri, Peniophorel-
la pallida, Piloderma lanatum, Postia rennyi, Pseudotomentella umbrina, Ramariopsis crocea, R. tenuicula,
Sarcodon scabrosus, Sistotrema diademiferum, Typhula curvispora, T. pachypus and T. struthiopteridis. Seven
species are second and third records in the forest tundra and northern boreal zone: Ceratellopsis sagittiformis,
Odontia brosa, Phaeoclavulina accida, Pterula sclerotiicola, Ramariopsis tenuiramosa, Tomentellopsis
echinospora and Tulasnella allantospora.
Keywords: anthropogenic impact, climate change, CRIS, forest-tundra, fungal distribution, GBIF, new re-
cords, subarctic.
INTRODUCTION
Eastern Fennoscandia includes Finland and some
territories in the north-western part of Russia (Mur-
mansk Region, Republic of Karelia, smaller parts of
Arkhangelsk and Leningrad Regions). The Murmansk
Region is situated almost entirely north of the Arctic
Circle, but is inuenced by the warm Gulf Stream.
The location of the region contributed to the develop-
ment of boreal forests (northern boreal zone), and the
climatic conditions allowed forest vegetation to spread
northward (Ra m e n s k a y a , 1983). Mycological studies
in the northern part of eastern Fennoscandia are impor-
tant for understanding the species distribution, changes
in species ranges under the inuence of climate change
(Da h l b e R g & bu l t m a n n , 2013). Fungi have been well
studied in Finland, although the northern part has been
studied less than the southern. In Finland, over the past
ten years 27 species of aphyllophoroid fungi occurring
mainly in the south of the country have been recorded
in the northern boreal zone and the frequency of obser-
vations of such a rare fungus as Sarcosoma globosum
has increased in the recent years (ku n t t u et al., 2011,
2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2018; ko t i R a n t a &
sh i R y a e v , 2013; oh e n o j a et al., 2013).
Over the same period, extensive mycological stud-
ies have been conducted in the Murmansk Region
(is a e v a & kh i m i c h , 2011), as a result the northernmost
BOTANICA 2020, 26(1): 49–60
ISSN 2538-8657
10.2478/botlit-2020-0005

50
khi m i c h y.R., sh i R y a e v a.g., vo l o b u e v s.v.
locations in eastern Fennoscandia have been recorded
for some species (kh i m i c h et al., 2015, 2017; bo l s h a -
k o v et al., 2016, 2018; kh i m i c h & Zm i t R o v i c h , 2017,
2019; sv e t a s h e v a et al., 2017). Thus, in the Murmansk
Region, there is a similar tendency for the northward
spreading of certain species of fungi. Further study of
mycobiota in the Murmansk Region to assess the impact
of climate change is very relevant. In such an industri-
ally developed region, urbanized and anthropogenically
transformed areas can become a source of spread for
specic species of fungi, and, therefore, require special
attention. This paper presents new records of notewor-
thy aphyllophoroid fungi in the Murmansk Region.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Study area
The Murmansk Region is located on the north-
eastern boundary of Fennoscandia, the north-west of
Russia. The regional centre is Murmansk city. The
area of the region is 145,000 km2. The relief is hilly,
with Khibiny and Lovozero mountains in the central
part of the region rising to as high as 1200 m above
the sea level (a.s.l.), and more at in the east. The cli-
mate is predominantly affected by the North Atlantic
and the Polar Arctic masses (al i s o v , 1969), but mo e n
(1999) has dened this area as slightly continental.
Because of the Gulf Stream, winter temperatures are
relatively mild. The climate is characterized by rela-
tively mild winters and cold, short summers; short
freezing periods may be observed in any of the sum-
mer months, except July (ya k o v l e v , 1961). January
is the coldest month and July is the warmest. Mean
annual precipitation is relatively low, 550–600 mm;
much of it falls on the summer months. The snow
usually covers the ground from mid-October to late
May–June; both its distribution and melting time in
the mountains depend on the topography.
The region is located in the northern boreal zone
according to ah t i et al. (1968). Two vegetation zones
are represented in the Murmansk Region – tundra
and taiga, the northern forest border or limit of which
is formed by birch stands, as is typical for areas with
an oceanic and suboceanic climate. The region is
mainly covered by pine and spruce northern boreal
forests. The forest-tundra stretches from north-west
to south-east in a belt 20 to 100 km wide (or more).
In all mountain areas, vertical vegetation zones are
distinguished. The foothills are dominated by forests.
Higher up, at an altitude of 300–450 m a.s.l., stunted
birch forest covers steeper slopes in wedges. The
upper part of the slopes (over 400–450 m a.s.l.) and
peaks are covered by mountain tundra with vast rock
elds, detritus and bedrock outcrops.
Data sampling
The observations presented in this paper were
mainly made in 2018 and 2019 (Kirovsk, Kola and
Pechenga Districts and Murmansk), but include some
older records from Kandalaksha District as well (Fig.
1). The surveys were carried out both in natural forests
and in urban areas (Murmansk and Kirovsk cities).
The material was microscopically examined using
standard methods and chemicals (KOH, Melzer’s rea-
gent, etc.). The cited specimens are deposited at the
Herbaria of the Institute of the North Industrial Ecol-
ogy Problems (INEP) and Komarov Botanical Insti-
tute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (LE). Some
specimens of clavarioid fungi collected by A.G. Shiry-
aev are listed in the author’s personal database (AGS)
at the Herbarium of the Institute of Plant and Animal
Ecology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy
of Sciences (Ekaterinburg, SVER). Information about
the specimens from INEP will be available in CRIS
(Cryptogamic Russian Information System, http://
kpabg.ru/cris) (me l e k h i n et al., 2019).
The taxa below are listed in alphabetical order.
The species nomenclature generally follows Index
Fungorum (2019). Abbreviations denoting collec-
tors/identiers are as follows: ASh – A.G. Shiryaev,
EB – E.A. Borovichev, IZ – I.V. Zmitrovich, SV –
S.V. Volobuev, YuK – Yu.R. Khimich. Species new-
ly found in the Murmansk Region are marked with
an asterisk (*).
LIST OF SPECIES
*Ceratellopsis corneri Berthier – Pechenga Disrict,
the Pasvik State Nature Reserve, surrounds of Varlama
Island, 69.14017° N, 29.2527° E, on fallen decayed
twigs of Betula and Pinus in the pine-birch dominated
forest with an admixture of Salix and Sorbus, among
mosses, 6 September 2018, coll. and id. ASh (AGS
831-18). Added records: Russian Karelia, Pryazhinsky
District, surrounds of Kolatselga village, 61.6606° N,
32.2387° E, on a rotten branch of pine, coll. O. V. Izva-

51
Some noteworthy ndings of Aphyllophoroid fungi in the north of Eastern Fennoscandia
rina, id. ASh, 18 September 2011 (SVER 79758). Fin-
land, Kainuu, Hiidenportti National Park, 63.8659° N,
29.0031° E, coniferous spruce-pine-dominated forest,
at the forest-meadow boundary, on a fallen branch of
Picea in a layer of moss, 29 September 2016, coll.
A. Kirs, id. ASh (SVER 79486).
Distribution in Fennoscandia: a little-known
species, probably widespread in Europe, but due to
small size of basidiomata, it is rarely collected or is
confused with Pterula gracilis or species of the genus
Typhula. A genetic study of all available specimens
of this species is needed. To date, in the scientic
literature and databases, there is no other information
about the ndings of this species in Fennoscandia.
Thus, only three locations of this species are known
in Fennoscandia.
Ceratellopsis sagittiformis (Pat.) Corner – 1)
Pechenga District, the Pasvik State Nature Reserve,
69.35866° N, 29.79143° E, mixed pine-dominated
shrub-green moss forest with a birch admixture, on
dead grasses and mosses, 5 September 2018, coll.
and id. ASh (AGS 801-18); 2) Kirovsk District,
Khibiny Mts., moraine at the foot of Kukisvumchorr
Mt. in the valley of Maly Vud`yavr Lake, nearby
Umetsky Pole, in the vicinity of a pumping station,
67.658213° N, on mosses, 33.670991° E, 13 Septem-
ber 2018, coll. and id. ASh (INEP 2124).
Distribution in Fennoscandia: sporadically,
mostly in the southern Fennoscandia (ko t i R a n t a et
al., 2009; GBIF, 2019). In Finland, there is a single
known nd of this species in the southern boreal zone
(ko t i R a n t a et al., 2009). In Norway, three localities
of the fungus are known in the south of the country
(GBIF, 2019). This species has not yet been found in
Russian Karelia. The locality of our collection in the
Murmansk Region (Pechenga District) is the north-
ernmost in Fennoscandia. Earlier, in the Murmansk
Region, C. sagittiformis has been observed in the La-
pland State Nature Reserve (kh i m i c h et al., 2017).
Fig. 1. Map of the Murmansk Region with study areas: 1 – the vicinity of Liinakhamari, Trifanovo and Sputnik settlements; 2 –
the Pasvik State Nature Reserve; 3 – downstream of the Nautsi River; 4 – Murmansk and the neighbourhood of Pajyavr Lake;
5 – Khibiny Mts and Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute; 6 – the vicinity of Alakurtti settlement

52
khi m i c h y.R., sh i R y a e v a.g., vo l o b u e v s.v.
*Clavaria amoenoides Corner, K.S. Thind et
Anand – Kirovsk District, Khibiny Mts., moraine at
the foot of Kukisvumchorr Mt. in the valley of Maly
Vud`yavr Lake, 67.665225° N, 33.657106° E, birch
shrub-green moss forest, on the soil among mosses
and grasses, 13 September 2018, coll. and id. ASh
(AGS 895-18).
Distribution in Fennoscandia: widespread (ko t i -
R a n t a et al., 2009; GBIF, 2019), but most of the speci-
mens have been collected in the southern and western
parts of Fennoscandia, with only a few observations
in the eastern part. In Russian Karelia, it has recently
been found in the middle boreal zone in the Kivach
State Nature Reserve (sh i R y a e v & Ru o k o l a i n e n ,
2017). Previously, this species had been considered
rare in Finland (ko t i R a n t a et al., 2009), but accord-
ing to the latest data, it is quite widespread throughout
the country and is spreading north into the northern
boreal zone (ku n t t u et al., 2016, 2018). However, this
fungus has been observed in the Norwegian Finnmark
County at the latitudes of 69º N (https://www.gbif.org/
occurrence/128275319) and 70º N (https://www.gbif.
org/occurrence/1824443894).
*Clavaria avipes Pers. – 1) Pechenga District,
in the neighbourhood of Liinakhamari settlement,
69.632472° N, 31.312528° E, on the soil in thickets of
deciduous trees at the roadside, 7 September 2018, coll.
YuK, id. ASh (INEP 2125); 2) Kirovsk District, Po-
lar-Alpine Botanical Garden Institute, 67.648113° N,
33.669761° E, on a trail in the nursery-garden, on the
soil, 9 September 2018, coll. YuK, id. ASh (INEP
2379); 3) Kirovsk District, Khibiny Mts., the southwest
slope of the Poachvumchorr Ridge, 67.672222° N,
33.623° E, birch forest, fern-covered ravine, on the soil,
10 September 2019, coll. YuK, id. ASh (INEP 2439).
Distribution in Fennoscandia: widespread in the
southern and central parts (GBIF, 2019), our ndings
are the northernmost in Fennoscandia. In Sweden,
it is classied as Vulnerable and is found mainly in
the south, with the northernmost observation in Lule
Lappmark, Kvarnbäcken (66.47166° N, 20.62867° E)
(https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/849909903) (aR t -
f a k t a …, 2019). In Finland, it had previously been
known from two locations in the south and consid-
ered quite rare, but in 2015 it was recorded in the mid-
dle and northern boreal zones (ku n t t u et al., 2016).
In the north of Norway, the fungus has not yet been
registered (aR t s D a t a b a n k e n , 2019); it is found in the
south of the country only: Nordland, Forsheim, Vef-
sn (https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/1229534955).
Recently, this species has been found in Russian
Karelia, in the middle boreal zone (sh i R y a e v &
Ru o k o l a i n e n , 2017).
*Clavulinopsis umbrinella (Sacc.) Corner – Ki-
rovsk District, Khibiny Mts., 1) moraine at the foot of
Kukisvumchorr Mt. in the valley of Maly Vud`yavr
Lake, 67.665225° N, 33.657106° E, alpine timber-
line, birch shrub-green moss forest, on the rotten litter
under ferns Athyrium distentifolium Tausch ex Opiz,
13 September 2018, coll. YuK, id. ASh (INEP 2377),
ibid., coll. and id. ASh (AGS 890-18); 2) Yuzhnoe
Skvoznoe Gorge, 67.598917° N, 33.595417° E, tim-
berline, patch of moss near fern thickets (A. distenti-
folium), on the soil, 11 September 2019, coll. YuK,
id. YuK & ASh (INEP 2438).
Distribution in Fennoscandia: widespread, but
relatively rare. In Norway, Sweden and Finland, this
species is considered Near Threatened and is found
mainly in the south (aR t s D a t a b a n k e n , 2019; aR t -
f a k t a …, 2019; ko t i R a n t a et al., 2009), rarely at a
latitude of 65° N. In Norway, it has been collected
in Troms, Lenvik: Senja familiepark, Gressmyr-
botn, 69.2872° N, 17.8948° E (https://www.gbif.org/
occurrence/1252407517). This fungus has not yet
been observed in Russian Karelia.
*Fibulomyces mutabilis (Bres.) Jülich – Pechenga
District, the Pasvik State Nature Reserve, 69.35866° N,
29.79143° E, pine shrub-green moss forest with a birch
admixture, on a fallen trunk of Betula pubescens, 5
September 2018, coll. and id. SV (LE 314101).
Distribution in Fennoscandia: a widespread
species of boreal fungi. This species is found in the
middle and northern boreal zone of Russian Karelia
(bo n D a R t s e v a et al., 2001; kR u t o v et al., 2014), and
in the south and north of Finland and Norway (ko t i -
R a n t a et al., 2009; aR t s D a t a b a n k e n , 2019). There is
only one observation in Norway at a latitude of 69° N
(https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/1324364139).
*Hydnomerulius pinastri (Fr.) Jarosch et Besl –
Pechenga District, in the neighbourhood of Tri-
fanovo settlement, on the shore of Pechenga Bay,
69.595306º N, 31.280056º E, on a burnt coniferous

53
Some noteworthy ndings of Aphyllophoroid fungi in the north of Eastern Fennoscandia
log, the remains of an old pier, 7 September 2018,
coll. YuK, id. IZ & YuK (INEP 2097, 2128); ibidem,
coll. and id. SV (LE 314170).
Distribution in Fennoscandia: a widespread
species, but probably rare in the northern boreal zone.
Our record is the northernmost in Fennoscandia. In
Russian Karelia, Finland and Norway, this species is
found in the south (Ru o k o l a i n e n & ko t k o v a , 2016a;
ko t i R a n t a et al., 2009; aR t s D a t a b a n k e n , 2019), al-
though in Sweden, it is quite common and the north-
ernmost nd is at 66° N (gbif, 2019). The fungus
prefers anthropogenically modied wood such as
building materials, buildings, greenhouses, cellars,
logging waste (bo n D a R t s e v a & Pa R m a s t o , 1986;
ko t i R a n t a et al., 2009; Ru o k o l a i n e n & ko t k o v a ,
2016a), but is also found in the natural environment.
*Hyphoderma sibiricum (Parmasto) J. Erikss. et
Å. Strid – Kirovsk District, Khibiny Mts., moraine at
the foot of Kukisvumchorr Mt. in the valley of Maly
Vud`yavr Lake, 67.665225° N, 33.657106° E, birch
shrub-green moss forest, on an uprooted juniper, 13 Sep-
tember 2018, coll. YuK, id. YuK & IZ (INEP 2378).
Distribution in Fennoscandia: quite widespread
in Finland, Norway, and Sweden (ko t i R a n t a et al.,
2009; aR t s D a t a b a n k e n , 2019; aR t f a k t a …, 2019),
but in Russian Karelia, is found only in the middle
boreal zone (kR u t o v et al., 2014).
*Hypochnicium albostramineum (Bres.) Hal-
lenb. – Pechenga District, in the vicinity of Sput-
nik settlement, near Santayarvi Lake, 69.51149° N,
31.34935° E, birch forest with a Cornus suecica and
Empetrum sp. in ground vegetation layer, on the dead
wood of Betula sp., 4 September 2018, coll. and id.
SV (LE 314164).
Distribution in Fennoscandia: the species is
not rare in the boreal zone of Finland (ko t i R a n t a et
al., 2009; ku n t t u et al., 2016), Norway, and Swe-
den (be R n i c c h i a & go R j ó n , 2010) and has been ob-
served in Russian Karelia (Ru o k o l a i n e n & ko t k o v a ,
2016b) and the Leningrad Region (ko t k o v a , 2015).
In Finland, it has been registered in the northern bo-
real zone in the Kevo Strict Nature Reserve (ko t i -
R a n t a & sh i R y a e v , 2013).
*Lentaria afata (Lagger) Corner – Pechenga
District, the Pasvik State Nature Reserve, Varlama
Island, 69.140556° N, 29.249167° E, on a piece
of pine bark, coll. and id. YuK, 6 September 2018
(INEP 2045).
Distribution in Fennoscandia: this is the north-
ernmost locality of the fungus in Fennoscandia. The
species is widespread in the south of Scandinavia,
but is not found in the northern boreal zone in Fin-
land, Norway, Sweden or Russian Karelia (aR t s D a -
t a b a n k e n , 2019; aR t f a k t a …, 2019; ko t i R a n t a et
al., 2009; kR u t o v et al., 2014). Northernmost known
nd in Norway is in Nordland, Brønnøy, Grønlidalen
at 65.3565° N, 12.572° E (https://www.gbif.org/
occurrence/199054973). This fungus is classied
in Category 4 DD in the Red Data Book of Karelia
(iv a n t e R & ku Z n e t s o v , 2007).
*Lentaria micheneri (Berk. et M.A.Curtis) Cor-
ner – Pechenga District, the Pasvik State Nature Re-
serve, 69.2957° N, 29.487° E, on mosses and litter
under pines and birches, 25 September 1998, coll.
and id. ASh (SVER 72030); Kandalaksha District,
in the vicinity of Alakurtti settlement, 66.99° N,
30.368889° E, on the soil and litter in a mixed pine-
dominated forest, 4 September 2005, coll. E. V. Pa-
nov, id. ASh (SVER 73376).
Distribution in Fennoscandia: relatively wide-
spread, but most observations have been made along
the Norway Sea coast. The northernmost locality is in
Finnmark, Alta Municipality, Eibyelva v/Jøraholmen,
69.9016° N, 23.2559° E, in Alnus incana and Salix spp.
bushes (https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/199055541).
The species is quite widespread in Finland, but is less
common in the north (ko t i R a n t a et al., 2009). In Rus-
sian Karelia, it has only been found in the middle bo-
real subzone (sh i R y a e v , 2014).
Odontia brosa (Berk. et M.A. Curtis) Kõljalg –
Pechenga District, the Pasvik State Nature Reserve,
69.35237° N, 29.80826° E, herb-rich birch forest with
a willow admixture, on the bark of dry-standing juni-
per, 5 September 2018, coll. and id. SV (LE 314087).
Distribution in Fennoscandia: widespread in the
south of the region (ko t i R a n t a et al., 2009; GBIF, 2019),
the nd in the Murmansk Region is the northernmost in
Fennoscandia. Previously, this species had been listed
as present in the Murmansk Region by kõ l j a l g (1996)
based on a specimen collected in the Botanical Garden
(northern boreal part of the region) by an expedition of

54
khi m i c h y.R., sh i R y a e v a.g., vo l o b u e v s.v.
Estonian researchers in 1958 (eel u R i k k u s , 2019). In
Finland, the northern distribution of this species is lim-
ited to the middle boreal zone (ko t i R a n t a et al., 2009).
In Norway, this fungus is found mainly in the south, the
currently northernmost observation was made in 2011
in Nordland County, 65.557572° N, 13.880452° E (ht-
tps://www.gbif.org/occurrence/1424524835).
*Peniophorella pallida (Bres.) K.H. Larss. –
Kola District, near Pajyavr Lake, 69.17742° N,
32.20691° E, birch forest with a Vaccinium myrtil-
lus and Cornus suecica ground vegetation layer,
on branches of dead standing Juniperus communis,
2 September 2018, coll. and id. SV (LE 314089).
Distribution in Fennoscandia: quite common
in Finland, Norway and Sweden (ko t i R a n t a et al.,
2009; be R n i c c h i a & go R j ó n , 2010; https://www.gbif.
org), but is more frequently found in the southern ar-
eas. In Norway, it is found at a latitude of 70° N (ht-
tps://www.gbif.org). Findings from the middle taiga
forests of the Leningrad Region are known (Zm i t R o -
v i c h et al., 2015). This species has not yet been found
in Russian Karelia.
Phaeoclavulina accida (Fr.) Giachini – Kan-
dalaksha District, in the vicinity of Alakurtti settle-
ment, 66.992° N, 30.376° E, on fallen needles in a
mixed pine-dominated forest, 4 September 2005,
coll. Panov E. V., id. ASh (SVER 74122).
Distribution in Fennoscandia: widespread and
common in the southern part, but relatively rare in
the north. In the Murmansk Region and Karelia, this
species has been mentioned by kR u t o v & sh u b i n
(1979), but without an exact indication of the coordi-
nates in both regions. In Karelia, it has recently been
recorded in the Kivach Nature Reserve (sh i R y a e v &
Ru o k o l a i n e n , 2017). In Finland, the species is found
south of the northern boreal zone (ko t i R a n t a et al.,
2009); in Norway, it is also mainly found in the south,
but reaches the latitudes at 69.8515° N (https://www.
gbif.org/occurrence/199059071).
*Piloderma lanatum (Jülich) J. Erikss. et Hjorts-
tam – Pechenga District, the Pasvik State Nature Re-
serve, in the vicinity of Glukhaya Plotina, 69.358667°
N, 29.791417° E, pine forest, on dead Juniperus
communis, 5 September 2018, coll. YK, id. IZ & YK
(INEP 2088); 69.35237° N, 29.80826° E, herb-rich
birch forest with a willow admixture, on the bark of
a standing Juniperus communis snag, 5 September
2018, coll. and id. SV (LE 314092).
Distribution in Fennoscandia: sporadically dis-
tributed in Europe, and is rare everywhere, including
Finland and Norway (aR t s D a t a b a n k e n , 2019; ko-
t i R a n t a et al., 2009; ko t i R a n t a & sh y R i a e v , 2013;
ku n t t u et al., 2015). Previously, it has not been
found in Russian Karelia (Zm i t R o v i c h , 2008). There
are fewer than a dozen nds of this species in Nor-
way; the northernmost nd is in Nordland.
*Postia rennyi (Berk. et Broome) Rajchenb. –
the Murmansk Region, Murmansk, Semenovskoe
Lake park, a group of planted deciduous trees,
68.991223° N, 33.097606° E, on a log at the base of
an old pillar, 28 September 2018, coll. YuK, id. IZ &
YuK (INEP 2093).
Distribution in Fennoscandia: a widespread spe-
cies found in the central part of Russian Karelia (kR u -
t o v et al., 2014). In Finland, the fungus is rather com-
mon, but does not reach the northern borders of the
country (ko t i R a n t a et al., 2009). In the north of Nor-
way, it is rare (aR t s D a t a b a n k e n , 2019), in Nordkapp,
one specimen has been collected at a latitude of 71° N
(https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/1229531515), but
no information about the substrate is available.
*Pseudotomentella umbrina (Fr.) M.J. Larsen –
Pechenga District, in the vicinity of Sputnik settlement,
near Santayarvi Lake, 69.50800° N, 31.34758° E,
birch forest with a Cornus suecica and Empetrum sp.
ground vegetation layer, on dead wood of Betula sp.,
4 September 2018, coll. and id. SV (LE 314167).
Distribution in Fennoscandia: this ectomycor-
rhizal species has been collected in Finland, Norway,
Sweden (sv a n t e s s o n et al., 2019). It has recently
been segregated from the Psedotomentella tristis
complex, and herbarium specimens of this species
need revision in order to better understand the range
of P. umbrina in Fennoscandia.
Pterula sclerotiicola Berthier – Kirovsk Dis-
trict, in the vicinity of Kirovsk, Umetsky Pole,
67.652824° N, 33.678722° E, old, overgrown aco-
nite patch, dead stems of Aconitum septentrionale
Koelle, 13 September 2018, coll. and id. ASh (AGS
905-18); ibidem, coll. YuK, id. ASh (INEP 2120).

55
Some noteworthy ndings of Aphyllophoroid fungi in the north of Eastern Fennoscandia
Distribution in Fennoscandia: relatively wide-
spread in the boreal zone of Eurasia (sh i R y a e v , 2014).
In the north of Europe, it is very seldom found in the
subalpine belt of Scandinavia, the Khibiny Mts., and in
the North Urals (kn u D s e n & ve s t e R h o l t , 2012; sh i R -
y a e v , 2014), where it grows on the rotten parts of tall-
herbs and ferns. It has been found in natural conditions
in the Lapland Nature Reserve, on the remains of Aco-
nitum septentrionale. Present nd is from a mountain
valley, whereas all previous observations in Northern
Fennoscandia have been made in mountains (kh i m i c h
et al., 2017). In Norway, in 1969, several specimens
of this species were collected near Oslo in Akershus
County at 59° N (gbif, 2019); in 2006, it was found
further north, in Sør-Trøndelag at 63.2024° N.
*Ramariopsis crocea (Pers.) Corner – 1) Pechenga
District, in the vicinity of Liinakhamari settlement,
close to Trifonovo Lake, 69.638139° N, 31.273889° E,
at the foot of a hill in the birch forest on the soil in
tall grass, 7 September 2018, 7 September 2019, coll.
and id. ASh (AGS 763-18; INEP 2457); 2) Kirovsk
District, Khibiny Mts., moraine at the foot of Kukis-
vumchorr Mt. in the valley of Maly Vud`yavr Lake,
67.665225° N, 33.657106° E, birch shrub-green moss
forest, on the soil, 13 September 2018, coll. and id.
ASh (AGS 901-18); 3) Kirovsk District, Khibiny
Mts., southwest slope of the Poachvumchorr Ridge,
67.672222° N, 33.623° E, birch forest, on the soil, 10
September 2019, coll. YuK, id. ASh (INEP 2440); 4)
Kirovsk District, Khibiny Mts., Yuzhnoe Skvoznoe
Gorge, 67.598917° N, 33.595417° E, timberline, in
fern thickets (Athyrium distentifolium), on the soil,
11 September 2019, coll. and id. YuK (INEP 2441,
2456); Yuzhnoe Skvoznoe Gorge, 67.596861° N,
33.5905° E, aspen forest, on the soil, 11 September
2019, coll. and id. YuK (INEP 2455).
Distribution in Fennoscandia: widespread in
the southern part, but rare in the north. Ramariop-
sis crocea was found in the Kivach State Nature Re-
serve in September 2016 (sh i R y a e v & Ru o k o l a i n e n ,
2017), in the middle boreal subzone of Russian Kare-
lia, but before that never in Karelia. During our eld-
work at the same location in the Murmansk Region,
we have not found this species (sh i R y a e v , 2013). In
recent years, it has been observed in the northern bo-
real zone of Finland (ku n t t u et al., 2014). In Nor-
way, this fungus occurs up to 69° N in the county
of Troms, Storfjord municipality, Signaldalen, Paras
(https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/1324361666).
*Ramariopsis tenuicula (Bourdot et Galzin)
R.H. Petersen (incl. Clavulinopsis minutula Bourd.
et Galz.) – 1) Pechenga District, in the vicinity of
Liinakhamari settlement, in the vicinity of Tri-
fonovo Lake, at the foot of a hill on the soil in the
meadow, 69.638139° N, 31.273889° E, tall-herb
birch forest, on the soil, 7 September 2018, 7 Sep-
tember 2019, coll. and id. ASh (AGS 824-18; INEP
2458); 2) Kirovsk District, Khibiny Mts., Yuzhnoe
Skvoznoe Gorge, 67.597639° N, 33.592056 E and
67.598056° N, 33.592889° E, mixed forest, on the
soil, 11 September 2019, coll. YuK, id. ASh (INEP
2459, 2460).
Distribution in Fennoscandia: relatively wide-
spread in the south, from broadleaf forests to the
southern boreal zone, less frequently found in the
north (sh i R y a e v , 2104; GBIF, 2019). In Norway, this
species has been found in Nordland, Rana, Ørtfjell-
moen bro, 66.4025° N, 14.6642° E (https://www.
gbif.org/occurrence/199050737); in Finland, in the
middle taiga zone and once in the northern taiga zone
(A. Shiryaev, unpublished data). This species has not
yet been found in Russian Karelia. In the Murmansk
Region, it has been found in two locations, in both
it produced a large number of fruiting bodies. The
location in Pechenga District is the northernmost in
Fennoscandia.
Ramariopsis tenuiramosa Corner – 1) Pechenga
District, the Pasvik State Nature Reserve, area adja-
cent to Varlama Island, 69.139591° N, 29.245635° E,
meadow, on the soil, 6 September 2018, coll. and id.
ASh (INEP 2044); 2) Kandalaksha District, in the vi-
cinity of Alakurtti settlement, 66.992° N, 30.376° E,
on the soil at the forest-meadow boundary, 27 Sep-
tember 1998, coll. and id. ASh (SVER 73378).
Distribution in Fennoscandia: most of the
records have been found in the southern part, while
in the north boreal zone the species is relatively rare
(ko t i R a n t a , 2009; GBIF, 2019). Previously, the spe-
cies has been reported in a single location in the Mur-
mansk Region in Ivanovka Bay (sh i R y a e v , 2013).
This fungus was found in the Kivach State Nature
Reserve in September 2016 (sh i R y a e v & Ru o k o l a i n -
e n , 2017), in the middle boreal subzone of Russian

56
khi m i c h y.R., sh i R y a e v a.g., vo l o b u e v s.v.
Karelia. In Finland, it is found mainly in the south,
but there are nds in the northern boreal zone in the
Kevo Strict Nature Reserve (ko t i R a n t a & sh i R y a e v ,
2013). In Norway, the northernmost observation of
Ramariopsis tenuiramosa is at a latitude of 65° N
(aR t s D a t a b a n k e n , 2019).
*Sarcodon scabrosus (Fr.) P. Karst. – Pechenga
District, on the bank of the downstream reaches of the
Nautsi River, 68.915341° N, 28.991631° E, pine forest,
on the soil, 13 September 2016, YuK (INEP 2395).
Distribution in Fennoscandia: widespread in
the boreal forests in Finland and Norway, but is less
common in the northern boreal zone (ko t i R a n t a et
al., 2009; aR t s D a t a b a n k e n , 2019). In Norway, this
fungus was found in 2010–2016 in the area bordering
the Russia’s Pechenga District (aR t s D a t a b a n k e n ,
2019). In Russian Karelia, it is not found north of the
middle boreal zone (kR u t o v et al., 2014).
*Sistotrema diademiferum (Bourdot et Galzin)
Donk – Pechenga District, the Pasvik State Nature Re-
serve, in the vicinity of Gluhaya Plotina, 69.366257° N,
29.743689° E, on the compacted soil, 2 September
2016, coll. EB, id. IZ & YuK (INEP 2127).
Distribution in Fennoscandia: quite common in
Sweden, in Norway it is found mainly in the south;
there is a single nd in Troms County, and there are
several nds in Finland (aR t s D a t a b a n k e n , 2019; aR t -
f a k t a …, 2019; ko t i R a n t a et al., 2009). According to
the recent data, the number of nds of this species has
increased in Finland (ku n t t u et al., 2018), but it has
not yet been reported in the northern boreal zone. This
species has not yet been found in Russian Karelia.
Tomentellopsis echinospora (Ellis) Hjortstam –
Pechenga District, in the vicinity of Sputnik settlement,
near Santayarvi Lake, 69.50303° N, 31.33786° E,
forest-tundra, birch forest with a Cornus suecica and
Empetrum sp. ground vegetation layer, on a fallen Al-
nus incana stem, 4 September 2018, coll. and id. SV
(LE 314169); ibidem, on a wooden pole, 4 September
2018, coll. and id. YuK (INEP 2287).
Distribution in Fennoscandia: in the Murmansk
Region, this species has recently been observed in
the Pasvik State Nature Reserve in the boreal zone
(kh i m i c h & Zm i t R o v i c h , 2019). We found Tomentel-
lopsis echinospora in forest-tundra for the rst time.
The fungus is known from Russian Karelia (kR u t o v
et al., 2014). This species is widespread in Finland
(ko t i R a n t a et al., 2009) and occurs mainly in south-
ern Norway, except for the nd in 1976 in the north
of the country (Øvre Pasvik National Park), near the
border with Russia (aR t s D a t a b a n k e n , 2019).
Tulasnella allantospora Wakef. & A. Pearson –
Pechenga District, in the vicinity of Sputnik settlement,
near Lake Santayarvi, 69.50800° N, 31.34758° E,
birch forest with a Cornus suecica and Empetrum sp.
ground vegetation layer, on Betula sp. dead wood,
4 September 2018, coll. and id. SV (LE 314166).
Distribution in Fennoscandia: species has been
found in ve localities in Finland (ko t i R a n t a et al.,
2009; ku n t t u et al., 2018) and once in the Murmansk
Region over 50 years ago (Ra i t v i i R , 1967). In Norway,
this fungus is found at a latitude of 64° N, in Sweden
at 65° N (https://www.gbif.org). There are no data on
observations of the species in Russian Karelia.
*Typhula curvispora (Corner) Berthier – Kirovsk
District, Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute,
67.648113° N, 33.669761° E, in the nursery garden,
on dead stems of Polygonum weyrichii Fr. Schmidt,
9 September 2018, coll. YuK, id. ASh (INEP 2123).
Distribution in Fennoscandia: appears to be
more common in Asia, prefers mountain and sea-
shore habitats, where it develops on tall herbs (co R -
n e R , 1970; sh i R y a e v , 2014). In Europe, only one
specimen is known from Belarus, Bialowieza Na-
tional Park, found on the introduced Polygonum sp.
in the vicinity of Kamenyuki village (A. Shiryaev,
unpublished data). This species has never been found
in Russian Karelia, Sweden, Norway or Finland. In
the Murmansk Region, it has only been found in the
Botanical Garden on introduced plants. The species’
taxonomical position is doubtful, different authors
treat this species as separate species in Typhula or
include it in Pistillaria petasitis S. Imai or Pistillaria
petasitis var. curvispora Corner.
*Typhula pachypus Berthier – Kirovsk District, Po-
lar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute, 67.648113° N,
33.669761° E, in the nursery-garden, on the old dead
stems of Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden, 9 Septem-
ber 2018, coll. YuK, id. ASh (INEP 2122).
Distribution in Fennoscandia: found in the west-

57
Some noteworthy ndings of Aphyllophoroid fungi in the north of Eastern Fennoscandia
ern, central and eastern Europe. The largest number
of samples has been reported in nemoral and hemibo-
real forests as well as in mountainous areas on fallen
dead twigs and tall herbs (be R t h i e R , 1976; sh i R y a e v ,
2014). Not found in Sweden, Norway, Finland and
Russian Karelia Republic. In the Murmansk Region,
it has only been found in the Botanical Garden on
introduced plants. The closest known observation of
the species is 900 km to the south, in the Leningrad
Region, Russia (sh i R y a e v , 2013).
*Typhula struthiopteridis Corner – Kirovsk
District, Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute,
67.648113° N, 33.669761° E, in the nursery garden,
on the dead fronds of the fern Matteuccia struthiopt-
eris (L.) Tod, 9 September 2018, coll. and id. ASh
(INEP 2121).
Distribution in Fennoscandia: probably com-
mon everywhere where the ostrich fern is found. At
the moment, most T. struthiopteridis nds are known
in Siberia, from where (Altai), it was described (co R -
n e R , 1970). Several nds of this species are known in
the south of Finland (sh i R y a e v , 2008; ko t i R a n t a et
al., 2009). There are also reports of observations in
Sweden at a latitude of 62° N (https://www.gbif.org/
occurrence/1086399572). Our nd in the Murmansk
Region is the northernmost in Fennoscandia. Fungi
associated with Matteuccia struthiopteris have not
been studied in the Murmansk Region in natural fern
populations. This fern has been listed on the Red Data
Book of the Murmansk Region as a species requiring
special attention to its status (ko n s t a n t i n o v a et al.,
2014). It is sporadically found in the Murmansk Re-
gion (Ra m e n s k a y a , 1983). It is possible that Typhula
struthiopteridis may appear to be more common in
the region.
DISCUSSION
Twenty-one species of aphyllophoroid fungi were
reported as new ndings in the Murmansk Region.
One of the reasons for the new nds is an increase
in the number of eld studies and under-recording
of the mycobiota of the Murmansk Region in the
past. Some types of fungi require special attention
due to the size of the fruiting body and the specic
habitat. Especially, this applies to the small fruiting
bodies of the genus Ceratellopsis, which are incon-
spicuous unless specically looked for. On the other
hand, changes in climatic conditions may contribute
to the spread of some species to the north. The lo-
calities of six fungi species (Ceratellopsis corneri,
Ceratellopsis sagittiformis, Hydnomerulius pinastri,
Odontia brosa, Tulasnella allantospora, Typhula
struthiopteridis) are currently the northernmost in
Fennoscandia.
For most of the species listed in this paper, only a
few localities are currently known in the Murmansk
Region. Five species (Ceratellopsis corneri, Fibulo-
myces mutabilis, Lentaria afata, Piloderma lana-
tum, Sistotrema diademiferum) are currently known
only in the Pasvik State Nature Reserve.
Postia rennyi was found in an urban area on an
anthropogenic substrate. This species may occur in
the forests of the Murmansk Region, in contrast to
the fungi associated with introduced plants. The two
species observed by us in the Botanical Garden ‒ Ty-
phula curvispora and Typhula pachypus ‒ were con-
ned to introduced plants and can hardly be found
in the natural forests. Such fungi are present only in
urban areas with a suitable substrate. Typhula pachy-
pus grows on Heracleum sosnowskyi, which is a very
aggressive invasive plant species (bo R o v i c h e v &
vR o n s k i j , 2020). Heracleum species are widespread
into the territory of Norway, and Typhula pachypus
is likely to be discovered soon in this country, too
(al m & of t e n , 2006; me i e R et al., 2017).
One of the listed here species is included in the
Red Book of Karelia: Lentariaafata (DD). Clava-
ria amoenoides, Clavariaavipes, Ramariopsis cro-
cea are listed in the category VU, and Clavulinopsis
umbrinella, Sarcodon scabrosus in the category NT
in the Norwegian Red List (bR a n D R u D , 2015). Ac-
cording to the Red List, these rare species are found
mainly in the south; however, some of the species
reach Nordland County, and more northern nds
have already been reported in contemporary infor-
mation systems. In the Khibiny Mts., in Yuzhnoe
Skvoznoe Gorge, where we found Clavulinopsis um-
brinella, Ramariopsis crocea and Ramariopsis tenu-
icula, the protected area “Yuzhnoe Skvoznoe Gorge”
is projected. In addition to fungi, numerous rare plant
species have been found in this gorge.
Some of the species may have appeared in the region
due to the combined effects of the anthropogenic factor
and the current climate warming in the Arctic. The pro-

58
khi m i c h y.R., sh i R y a e v a.g., vo l o b u e v s.v.
motion of species such as Clavaria amoenoides, Ram-
ariopsis crocea, Clavariaavipes in the northern boreal
zone of the Murmansk Region is similar to the trend of
their spreading to the north in Finland in the past ten
years (ku n t t u et al., 2014, 2016, 2018).
Since long-term monitoring of large areas of for-
est is hardly possible, it is difcult to say whether
the species have arrived in a given area or simply
have become more frequent. Climate change may
have contributed not only to the northward spread-
ing of certain species, but also to an increase in their
frequency.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We thank Dr Eugene Borovichev for collecting
the specimen of Sistotrema diademiferum and valu-
able comments; Dr Ivan Zmitrovich for his help in
identifying some of the specimens; Olga Petrova for
preparing the map. We highly appreciate the help
of Dr Natalia Polikarpova in organizing eldwork
at the Pasvik State Nature Reserve. The study was
conducted as part of a project supported by the Rus-
sian Foundation for Basic Research (grant no. 18-05-
00398 A). The study by YuK was carried out as part
of an institutional research project (no. АААА-А18-
118021490070-5) by the Institute of the Industrial
Ecology Problems of the North at the Kola Science
Centre, RAS. The study by SV was carried out as part
of the institutional research project by the Komarov
Botanical Institute (АААА‐А19‐119020890079‐6).
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Įdomūs afiloforoidinių grybų radiniai šiaurės rytinėje fenoskandijo-
je (murmansko regionas, rusija)
Yuliia R. Kh i m i c h , Anton G. Sh i r y a e v , Sergey V. vo l o b u e v
Santrauka
Murmansko regione (šiaurės rytinė Fenoskandi-
ja, Rusija) aptiktos 28 įdomios aloforoidinių grybų
rūšys. Dvidešimt viena rūšis: Ceratellopsis corne-
ri, Clavaria amoenoides, C. avipes, Clavulinopsis
umbrinella, Fibulomyces mutabilis, Hydnomerulius
pinastri, Hyphoderma sibiricum, Hypochnicium al-
bostramineum, Lentaria afata, L. micheneri, Pe-
niophorella pallida, Piloderma lanatum, Postia ren-
nyi, Pseudotomentella umbrina, Ramariopsis crocea,
R. tenuicula, Sarcodon scabrosus, Sistotrema diade-
miferum, Typhula curvispora, T. pachypus ir T. strut-
hiopteridis nebuvo rasta iame regione. Septynios
rūšys: Ceratellopsis sagittiformis, Odontia brosa,
Phaeoclavulina accida, Pterula sclerotiicola, Ra-
mariopsis tenuiramosa, Tomentellopsis echinospora
ir Tulasnella allantospora iki šiol buvo žinomos tik
vienoje ar dviejose radavietėse miškatundrės ir šiau-
rinėje borealinėje juostose.