Entrepreneurial university campus ecosystem

Abstract

The study of the higher education policies for university entrepreneurship ecosystem creation has
become one of the major new and important topics in the field of higher education and university
entrepreneurship ecosystems. Hence, changing the approach from purely educational and research
planning to the establishment of the university campus entrepreneurship ecosystem has been
attended by the world's leading universities. The current study aims to design a model for creating
an Entrepreneurial University Campus Ecosystem (EUCE) with the configuration and leveling of
the factors. Hence using a qualitative approach, an in-depth and exploratory interview was
conducted with 20 experts from the research population. Then, using open and axial coding
method, 9 axial factors were identified. The axial factors affecting the creation of Entrepreneurial
University Campus Ecosystem (EUCE) have been classified using an Interpretive Structural
method. A questionnaire was designed and distributed among 28 academic and field experts. A
group of five experts on EUCE has studied the completed questionnaires and determined the
relations between subject to disagreement components. Then, Interpretive Structural Modelling
was built using Matlab software to develop an EUCE model.

Full text

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
Entrepreneurial university campus ecosystem (EUCE) design with interpretive
structural modelling: A new approach in higher education system
M. R. Meigounpoory1, A. Arabiun,2 M. M. Poorbasir3, A. Mobini Dehkordi2
1 Faculty of Entrepreneurship, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran (Corresponding author) meigounpoory@ut.ac.ir
2 Faculty of Entrepreneurship, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
3 PhD student, Faculty of Entrepreneurship, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
ARTICLE INFORMATION
Original Research Paper
Received: 04 june 2018
Accepted: 16 January 2019
Keywords:
Entrepreneurship Ecosystem
University Based Entrepreneurship
Ecosystem
Entrepreneurial University Campus
Ecosystem (EUCE)
Interpretive Structural Modelling
ABSTRACT
The study of the higher education policies for university entrepreneurship ecosystem creation has
become one of the major new and important topics in the field of higher education and university
entrepreneurship ecosystems. Hence, changing the approach from purely educational and research
planning to the establishment of the university campus entrepreneurship ecosystem has been
attended by the world's leading universities. The current study aims to design a model for creating
an Entrepreneurial University Campus Ecosystem (EUCE) with the configuration and leveling of
the factors. Hence using a qualitative approach, an in-depth and exploratory interview was
conducted with 20 experts from the research population. Then, using open and axial coding
method, 9 axial factors were identified. The axial factors affecting the creation of Entrepreneurial
University Campus Ecosystem (EUCE) have been classified using an Interpretive Structural
method. A questionnaire was designed and distributed among 28 academic and field experts. A
group of five experts on EUCE has studied the completed questionnaires and determined the
relations between subject to disagreement components. Then, Interpretive Structural Modelling
was built using Matlab software to develop an EUCE model.

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1398
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1
      
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[1, 2]

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

[3, 4]
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   
[5, 6]

 
  
[7, 8]
[9-
11] 
  [12, 13]  

  

[10,12, 14]    
   

 [10,
15]     

[1, 16]
 


[17]



[12]



Entrepreneurial university campus
ecosystem 
1935"
"
[18]

 " 



" [12] 

 
[19]

[4]
      
[20]

 [21]

-
 
     
[3, 4] 


[7, 22]

-



[4]
  
    


 253

14

1

1398


  -
    


[13] 


 1983[24.]

-


80
[25-27.]

[28]





[29.]


[30]

[31.]
[32] 




""
[33 ,
34]. 

[9 ,35.]
 [36, 13] .



121436.




[15.]



[37.] 


[38.]
 

[10 ,15.]

 


 


[10, 39]
 

[33, 34]



 1 
.
1
     
  
      
      

 254
141
1398









2.
        



1. 
Fig 1. Research process.
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     

20


















     
   

[40] 
12
        


8
20 

(2)

      

[41]
3
20
 
3






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

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Qualitative analysis Interpretive structural
modelling
1 
Table 1. The university entrepreneurship ecosystem dimensions identified in the literature
Fu &
Hsia
Moriss
Nelson and
Monsen
Rideout
& Gray
Rice et
al
Graham
Graham
U.S
department of
commerce
Miler
& Acs
The dimensions of the
university
entrepreneurship
ecosystem
2014
2017
2014
2013
2010
2013
2014
2013
2017
*
*
*
*
*
Policies and rules
*
*
*
*
*
Programs and supports
of government
*
*
*
*
*
Capital
*
*
*
Culture
*
*
*
*
Soft supports,
Knowledge, Information
*
*
*
*
Infrastructure
*
*
*
Attractive living
conditions
*
*
Official institutions
*
*
*
*
The internationalization
of the university and the
diversity of human
resources in the
university and
ecosystem area
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Networks / Interactions /
Informal Relationships
*
*
*
*
*
Leadership
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
University requirements
and curricular and co
curricular

 255

14

1

1398


3
20228
90
48
7960
[42]
   4

.2 
Table 2. The demographic features of the interviewees
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3 
Table 3. The reliability of the method
Row
Total
number
of codes
Number of
similarities
Number of
non-
similarities
Reliability
(percent)
1
82
30
22
73
2
74
29
16
78
3
72
31
10
86
Total
228
90
48
79
4. 

Table 4. Axial factors for entrepreneurial university campus
ecosystem
Axial factors
Entrepreneurial culture in EUCE
1
The infrastructure needed to create EUCE
2
Policies on university finance and university resource
management
3
The intensity and level of research and development in the
university ecosystem
4
Internal policies of the university
5
Regional governance factors affecting the creation of EUCE
6
Economic and business environment factors in the ecosystem of
the region
7
Effective institutions to create EUCE
8
Regional market factors influencing the creation of the regional
ecosystem
9
    ISM  

   
1974  [43]ISM

     
 
 ISM9

       




         

        

   SSIM
   
 5  9

A,V,X,O
28
Demographic
features
Characteristics of
contributors
Percent
Experts’ feature
Experts of university
entrepreneurship and
entrepreneurship ecosystem
40
Policymakers of university
entrepreneurship and
entrepreneurship ecosystem
30
Authorities in science,
research, and technology
30
Gender
Woman
10
Man
90
Position
The knowledgeable university
professor in the field of
entrepreneurship
70
Knowledgeable policy makers
in the field of the
entrepreneurship ecosystem
30
Work experience
Less than 15 years
10%
15 to 20 years
40%
More than 20 years
50%
Education
Ph.D.
100
Number of
interviewees
20

 256
141
1398



  24  
5


  
     
5

 5  ISM
Table 5. Relationships obtained from the ISM questionnaire
Factors
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
Entrepreneurial culture in
EUCE
O
V
V
V
V
O
O
A
O
2
The infrastructure needed to
create EUCE
O
A
V
A
A
A
A
O
3
Policies on university
finance and university
resource management
O
X
X
A
A
A
A
4
The intensity and level of
research and development in
the university ecosystem
O
A
O
A
A
A
5
Internal policies of the
university
O
A
A
A
A
6
Regional governance factors
affecting the creation of
EUCE
O
V
X
V
7
Economic and business
environment factors in the
ecosystem of the region
O
A
X
8
Effective institutions to
create EUCE
O
A
9
Regional market factors
influencing the creation of
the regional ecosystem
O

 A,V,X,O



6
Table 6. The access matrix
Factors
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
7
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
8
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
9
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
0

 

     

n


 𝐴 + 𝐼 M = (A + I)^n
AIM

:1+1=1 1x1=1
7
Table 7. The final access matrix
Factors
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
2
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
3
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
4
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
5
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
6
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
8
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
9
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

   

   
 
    
8

ISM

3
  
 



 257

14

1

1398


 (9)  
    

8
Table 8. Determine the levels of factors
Factor
s
Set of access
Set of
prerequisite
Set of
intersectio
n
Level
1
1,2,3,4,5
1,6,7,8,9
1
Secon
d
2
2,3,4,5
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8
,9
2,3,4,5
First
3
2,3,4,5
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8
,9
2,3,4,5
First
4
2,3,4,5
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8
,9
2,3,4,5
First
5
2,3,4,5
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8
,9
2,3,4,5
First
6
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8
,9
6,7,8,9
6,7,8,9
Third
7
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8
,9
6,7,8,9
6,7,8,9
Third
8
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
6,7,8,9
6,7,8,9
Third
9
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
6,7,8,9
6,7,8,9
Third

     
9





 
  ISM 
  
 
 
   
 (2)  


2
      
 ISM 
 9

Table 9. Comparison of the results of effective factors on the creation
of EUCE with other researchers
Axial factors
Other researchers
Entrepreneurial
culture in EUCE
Durst & Poutanen (2013) and Isenberg (2010)
refers to the culture of entrepreneurship
ecosystem. Graham (2013) has pointed to this
factor for the establishment of a university
ecosystem.
The infrastructure
needed to create
EUCE
Miller and Acs (2017) and Gray (2013)
referred to the existence of infrastructure to
create entrepreneurial university and university
entrepreneurship ecosystem.
Policies on
university finance
and university
resource
management
Miller & Acs (2017), Rice (2010) and Moriss
(2017) refer to capital for the creation of an
entrepreneurial ecosystem. Gabe (2005) and
Etzkowitz (1983, 2004) point out the
importance of financial capital for the creation
of an entrepreneurial university.
The intensity and
level of research
and development
in the university
ecosystem
Previous studies have not mentioned this factor
in the field of university entrepreneurship
ecosystem.
Internal policies of
the university
Ropke (1998), Etzkowitz (1983), Clark (1998)
and Guerrero & Urbano (2012) mentioned
entrepreneurship and university
entrepreneurship, but not about the university
entrepreneurship ecosystem.
Regional
governance
factors affecting
the creation of
EUCE
This factor in the field of university
entrepreneurship ecosystem has not been
mentioned. Miller & Acs (2017) has Only
mentioned it, not its sub-components
Effective
institutions to
create EUCE
Isenberg, 2010 has mentioned this factor in the
entrepreneurship ecosystem, but not in the
university entrepreneurship ecosystem. Moriss
(2017) has mentioned international importance
and diversity of human resources.
Regional market
factors influencing
the creation of the
regional
ecosystem
It has not been mentioned.
Economic and
business
environment
factors in the
ecosystem of the
region
It has not been mentioned.

          
 EUCE 


     



 258
141
1398
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First level
Third level

2


Fig. 2. Modeling the euce based on the ism
Entrepreneurial culture in euce
Regional market
factors influencing
the creation of the
regional ecosystem
Economic and
business
environment factors
in the ecosystem of
the region
Effective
institutions to
create euce
Regional
governance factors
affecting the
creation of euce
Policies on
university finance
and university
resource
management
The intensity
and level of
research and
development in
the university
ecosystem
Internal policies
of the university
The infrastructure
needed to create
euce
Second level

 259

14

1

1398


2
 EUCE 


   

    
 ISM 
 
-
  

EUCE       

  2     
     


4 



      

   




 
  
   
     

  
   



9

  ISM 
 

  
   
  

EUCE
 4     

   


       




     

       
   
 -

     

   






   



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- 
-  Silicon Valley

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
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How to cite this paper:
M. R. Meigounpoory, A. Arabiun, M. M. Poorbasir, A. Mobini Dehkordi,
(2019). Entrepreneurial university campus ecosystem (EUCE) design with
interpretive structural modelling: A new approach in higher education
system. Journal of Technology of Education, 14(1), 251-261.
DOI: 10.22061/jte.2019.3694.1921
URL: http://jte.sru.ac.ir/?_action=showPDF&article=980