Background
Postoperative analgesia is paramount to recovery following thoracic surgery, and opioids play an invaluable role in this process. Yet, current one-size-fits-all prescribing practices produce large quantities of unused opioids, increasing the risk of nonmedical use and overdose. Here, we hypothesized that patient and perioperative characteristics, including 24-hour before discharge opioid intake, could inform more appropriate post-discharge prescriptions after thoracic surgery.
Methods
We conducted a prospective observational cohort study in 200 adult thoracic surgery patients. The cohort was divided into three groups based on 24-hour before discharge opioid intake in morphine milligram equivalents (MME): 1) no (0 MME), 2) low (>0 ≤112.5 MME), or 3) high (>112.5 MME) before discharge opioid intake. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association of patient and perioperative characteristics with self-reported after discharge opioid use.
Results
Univariate analysis showed preoperative opioid use, 24-hour before discharge acetaminophen and gabapentinoid intake, and 24-hour before discharge opioid intake were associated with higher after discharge opioid use. Multivariable modeling demonstrated that 24-hour prior to discharge opioid intake was most significantly associated with after discharge opioid use. For example, compared to patients who took high amounts of opioids prior to discharge, patients who took no opioids prior to discharge were 99% less likely to take a high amount of opioids after discharge compared to taking none (OR 0.011; 95% CI 0.003-0.047; P<0.0001).
Conclusions
Assessment of 24-hour before discharge opioid intake may inform patient requirements after discharge. Opioid prescriptions after thoracic surgery can thereby be targeted based on anticipated needs.