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Pseudodactylaria fusiformis sp. nov. From freshwater habitat in China

May 2020
Phytotaxa 446(2):95-102

May 2020
446(2):95-102

DOI:10.11646/phytotaxa.446.2.2

Authors:

Yong-Zhong Lu

Guizhou Institute of Technology

Jingyi Zhang

Mae Fah Luang University

Chuan-Gen Lin

Mae Fah Luang University

Zong-Long Luo

Dali University

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Pseudodactylaria fusiformis sp. nov. was collected during an investigation of freshwater fungi along a north-south latitudinal gradient in the Asian region. Evidence for the new species is provided by morphological comparison and sequence data analysis. Pseudodactylaria fusiformis differs from other species in having hyaline conidiophores and fusiform, 0–1-septate hyaline conidia without a sheath. Phylogenetic analysis based on combined ITS and LSU sequence data was carried out to determine the phylogenetic placement of the species. Six Pseudodactylaria taxa clustered together and formed a monotypic clade representing the genus, and five species are well recognized. Pseudodactylaria fusiformis and P. camporesiana share a sister relationship and they are phylogenetically distinct species. A detailed description and illustration are provided, as well as the comparisons with similar taxa.

Phylogenetic tree generated from ML analysis based on combined ITS and LSU sequence data for subclass Sordariomycetidae.

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Pseudodactylaria fusiformis (MFLU 20-0204, holotype). a Host material. b, c Colony on decaying wood. d-f Conidiophores. g, h Conidiogenous cells with attached conidia. i Germinating conidium. j-m Conidia. n, o Colony on PDA from above and below. Scale bars: b = 100 µm, c = 50 µm, d-i = 20 µm, j-m = 10 µm.

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Taxa used in this study and their GenBank accession numbers for ITS and LSU DNA sequence data.

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Figures - uploaded by Jingyi Zhang

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Phytotaxa 446 (2): 095–102

https://www.mapress.com/j/pt/

ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition)

ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition)

Accepted by Sinang Hongsanan: 19 May 2020; published: 27 May 2020

https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.446.2.2

Pseudodactylaria fusiformis sp. nov. from freshwater habitat in China

YONG-ZHONG LU1,5, JING-YI ZHANG1,2,6, CHUAN-GEN LIN2,7, ZONG-LONG LUO3,8 & JIAN-KUI (JACK)

LIU4,9*

1School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang 550003, P.R. China.

2Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand.

3College of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, Dali University, Dali 671003, P.R. China.

4School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, P.R. China.

�

yzlu86@gmail.com; http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1033-5782

�

zjingyi127@gmail.com; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0606-6169

�

chuangenlin@qq.com; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2750-8720

�

514992672@qq.com; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7307-4885

�

liujiankui@uestc.edu.cn; http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9232-228X

*Corresponding author

Abstract

Pseudodactylaria fusiformis sp. nov. was collected during an investigation of freshwater fungi along a north-south latitudinal

gradient in the Asian region. Evidence for the new species is provided by morphological comparison and sequence data

analysis. Pseudodactylaria fusiformis differs from other species in having hyaline conidiophores and fusiform, 0–1-septate

hyaline conidia without a sheath. Phylogenetic analysis based on combined ITS and LSU sequence data was carried out to

determine the phylogenetic placement of the species. Six Pseudodactylaria taxa clustered together and formed a monotypic

clade representing the genus, and five species are well recognized. Pseudodactylaria fusiformis and P. camporesiana share a

sister relationship and they are phylogenetically distinct species. A detailed description and illustration are provided, as well

as the comparisons with similar taxa.

Keywords: 1 new taxon, asexual morph, phylogeny, Sordariomycetes, taxonomy

Introduction

The genus Pseudodactylaria was established by Crous et al. (2017) based on the type species P. xanthorrhoeae Crous,

to accommodate two dactylaria-like species, namely as P. hyalotunicata (K.M. Tsui et al.) Crous and P. xanthorrhoeae.

Pseudodactylariaceae was introduced as a monotypic family by Crous et al. (2017) in Pseudodactylariales. In their study

(Crous et al. 2017), Pseudodactylariales formed a distinct clade and is phylogenetically close to Chaetosphaeriales and

Vermiculariopsiellales within the subclass Sordariomycetidae. Lin et al. (2018) confirmed the taxonomic status of

Pseudodactylariaceae based on phylogenetic analysis of LSU and ITS sequence data, and introduced a new species,

P. brevis C.G. Lin, McKenzie & K.D. Hyde, based on phylogenetic and morphological evidence. Hyde et al. (2020)

described P. camporesiana W. Dong, Doilom & K.D. Hyde from submerged wood in a stream in Thailand.

In this study, we describe the new species, Pseudodactylaria fusiformis, which is the fifth Pseudodactylaria

species, collected from submerged wood from a freshwater stream in China. The phylogenetic analysis based on

combined ITS and LSU sequence data indicates that Pseudodactylaria fusiformis is a distinct species in the genus. A

synopsis of accepted Pseudodactylaria species is provided.

Materials and Methods

Sample collection and specimen examination

Decaying wood specimens were collected from a freshwater stream in Guizhou Province, China. The samples were

processed following the methods reported in Luo et al. (2018). Morphological observations were made using a Motic

LU ET AL.

SMZ 168 Series stereomicroscope and photographed using a Nikon E80i microscope-camera system. Measurements

were made with the Tarosoft (R) Image Frame Work (Liu et al. 2010). Figures were processed with Adobe Photoshop

CS6 Extended version 10.0 software (Adobe Systems, USA).

Single spore isolations were obtained using the method described by Liu et al. (2010). Germinating spores were

aseptically transferred to fresh potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates and incubated at 28 °C. Cultures were grown for

2 weeks and morphological characters, such as colour, colony shape, and texture were recorded. Type materials are

deposited in the Herbarium of Mae Fah Luang University (Herb. MFLU), Chiang Rai, Thailand and Herbarium of

Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Herb. GZAAS), Guiyang, China. Ex-type living cultures are deposited at

Mae Fah Luang University Culture Collection (MFLUCC). Facesoffungi (Jayasiri et al. 2015) and Index Fungorum

numbers are provided.

DNA extraction, PCR amplification and sequencing

Genomic DNA was extracted from fungal mycelium grown on PDA at 28 °C for 2 weeks. Five gene regions were

amplified with universal primers: the internal transcribed spacer region of ribosomal DNA (ITS: ITS5/ITS4) (White

et al. 1990), the large subunit nuclear ribosomal DNA (LSU: LR0R/LR5) (Vilgalys & Hester 1990), the small subunit

nuclear ribosomal DNA (SSU: NS1/NS4) (White et al. 1990), the RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2:

fRPB2-5F/fRPB2-7cR) (Liu et al. 1999), and the translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene (TEF1α: EF1-983F/EF1-

2218R) (Rehner & Buckley 2005). The PCR products were purified and sequenced with the same primers. The ITS,

LSU, SSU, RPB2 and TEF1α amplification reactions were carried out using the method described by Lu et al. (2017).

The quality of PCR products was checked on 1% agarose gel electrophoresis stained with ethidium bromide. The PCR

products were sent for sequencing at Sangon Biotech, Shanghai, China.

Phylogenetic analysis

Original sequences were checked using BioEdit version 7.0.5.3 (Hall 1999), along with reference sequences originating

from previous publications (Crous et al. 2017; Lin et al. 2018; Hyde et al. 2020). The remaining homogenous sequences

were obtained by BLAST searches (Altschul et al. 1990) from GenBank. All sequences used in this study are listed

in TABLE 1. Alignments for each locus were done in MAFFT v7.307 online version (Katoh & Standley 2016) and

manually verified in MEGA 6.06 (Tamura et al. 2013). The interleaved NEXUS files for Bayesian inference analyses

were formatted with AliView v1.19-beta1k (Larsson 2014). Bayesian inference (BI), maximum parsimony (MP) and

maximum likelihood (ML) were used for phylogenetic analyses. For Bayesian inference analysis, the best model

of evolution was determined using MrModeltest v2 (Nylander 2004). Bayesian inference analysis was done with

MrBayes v 3.2.6 (Ronquist et al. 2012). Maximum parsimony analysis was performed in PAUP*4.0b10 (Swofford

2002). Maximum likelihood analysis was performed in raxmlGUI v 1.3.1 (Silvestro & Michalak 2012). Phylogenetic

trees were drawn with FigTree v1.4.3 (Rambaut 2012). The sequences are deposited in GenBank (TABLE 1). The

alignment was deposited in TreeBASE (http://www.treebase.org, submission number 25934).

Results

Phylogenetic analysis of combined ITS and LSU sequence data

The aligned sequence matrix comprises ITS (683 bp) and LSU (897 bp) sequence data for 25 taxa (ingroup) and two

outgroup taxa for a total of 1,580 characters after alignment including the gaps, of which 747 characters were constant,

327 variable characters were parsimony-uninformative and 506 characters were parsimony informative.

The dataset consists of eight orders within the subclass Sordariomycetidae. The tree was rooted with Arthrinium

arundinis (AFTOL-ID 951 and CBS 133509). Maximum parsimony analysis resulted in four trees with TL = 2113, CI

= 0.610, RI = 0.573, RC = 0.349, HI = 0.390. For the Bayesian analysis, two parallel runs with six chains were run for

1,000,000 generations and trees were sampled every 100th generation, resulted in 20002 trees from two runs of which

15002 trees were used to calculate the posterior probabilities (each run resulted in 10001 trees of which 7501 trees

were sampled). The MP, ML and BI analyses based on combined LSU and ITS sequence data provided similar tree

topologies, and the result of ML analysis (lnL = -10873.398596) is shown in FIGURE 1.

The newly obtained isolate of Pseudodactylaria fusiformis clustered together with P. camporesiana and these two

species are phylogenetically distinct (FIGURE 1).

TABLE 1 Taxa used in this study and their GenBank accession numbers for ITS and LSU DNA sequence data.

Taxa Strain/Voucher No. GenBank Accession No.

ITS LSU

Albertiniella polyporicola CBS 457.88 –aAF096185

Apiorhynchostoma curreyi UAMH 11088 NR_120207 JX460989

Arthrinium arundinis CBS 133509 KF144886 KF144930

Arthrinium arundinis AFTOL-ID 951 – DQ471018

Ascovaginospora stellipala P5-13A – U85088

Asteridiella obesa VIC 31239 NR_120256 JX096809

Camarops ustulinoides AFTOL-ID 72 – DQ470941

Cephalotheca foveolata UAMH 11631 KC408422 KC408398

Chaetosphaeria innumera SMH 2748 – AY017375

Coccodiella miconiae ppMP 1342 MF460365 KX430506

Coniochaeta ligniaria C8 – AY198388

Coniochaeta luteoviridis CBS 206.38 NR_154769 FR691987

Coniochaeta ostrea AFTOL-ID 915 – DQ470959

Cornipulvina ellipsoides SMH 1378 – DQ231441

Cryptendoxyla hypophloia CBS 508.70 – NG_058720

Endomeliola dingleyae PDD 98304 GU138865 GU138866

Gelasinospora tetrasperma CBS 178.33 NR_077163 DQ470980

Meliola centellae VIC 31244 NR_137799 JQ734545

Pseudodactylaria brevis MFLUCC 16–0032 MH262308 MH262310

Pseudodactylaria brevis MFLUCC 16–0034 MH262309 MH262311

Pseudodactylaria camporesiana MFLUCC 18–1410 MN796325 MN796326

Pseudodactylaria fusiformis MFLUCC 20–0085 MT184905 MT184906

Pseudodactylaria hyalotunicata HKUCC 2593 – EU107298

Pseudodactylaria xanthorrhoeae CBS 143414 MG386064 MG386117

Sordaria fimicola CBS 508.50 AY681188 AY681160

Sporoschisma hemipsila SMH 2125 – AY346292

Umbrinosphaeria caesariata CBS 102664 – AF261069

Notes: new sequences are in bold.

a No data in GenBank.

Taxonomy

Pseudodactylaria fusiformis Y.Z. Lu, J.Y. Zhang & Jian K. Liu, sp. nov. FIGURE 2

Index Fungorum: IF 557329; Facesoffungi number: FoF 07741

Etymology: ‘fusiformis’ referring to the fusiform conidia of this fungus.

Saprobic on submerged decaying wood in freshwater. Sexual morph: undetermined. Asexual morph:

hyphomycetous. Colonies on the substratum superficial, effuse, gregarious, white. Mycelium composed of partly

immersed, partly superficial, hyaline, septate, branched hyphae. Conidiophores macronematous, mononematous,

solitary, erect, unbranched, subcylindrical, straight to slightly flexuous, hyaline, 1–3-septate, 30–50 × 3.5–4.5 μm (

= 38 × 4 μm, n = 20). Conidiogenous cells holoblastic, polyblastic, integrated, terminal, sympodial, subcylindrical,

straight or flexuous, hyaline, 14–28 × 3.5–4.5 μm (

= 20 × 4 μm, n = 20), apical part forming a rachis with numerous,

aggregated, cylindrical denticles, 0.9–1.5 × 0.7–1.5 μm. Conidia solitary, acropleurogenous, smooth, prominently

LU ET AL.

guttulate, 0–1-septate, fusiform, subtruncate at base, subobtuse at apex, hyaline, 20–25 × 3–4 μm (

= 22.5 × 3.5 μm,

n = 30).

FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic tree generated from ML analysis based on combined ITS and LSU sequence data for subclass Sordariomycetidae.

Bootstrap support values for maximum likelihood (ML, first set) and maximum parsimony (MP, second set) greater than 75 % and

Bayesian posterior probability greater than 0.95 (PP) are indicated above the branches. Hyphen (“-”) indicates a value lower than 75% for

ML and MP and a posterior probability lower than 0.95 for PP. The new isolate is in red and ex-type strains are in bold. The tree is rooted

with Arthrinium arundinis (AFTOL-ID 951 and CBS 133509) (Apiosporaceae).

Culture characteristics: Conidia germinating on water agar and producing germ tubes within 12 hours. Colonies

growing on PDA, circular, with flat surface, edge entire, reaching 12 mm in 10 days at 28 °C, greyish white.

Material examined: CHINA, Guizhou province, Zunyi city, Chishui county, Hushi town, Chishui Alsophila Natural

Reserve (28°29’43”N, 106°0’24”E), on submerged decaying bamboo culms in a freshwater stream, 22 September

2019, Yong-Zhong Lu, C1–1 (MFLU 20–0204, holotype; GZAAS 20–0095, isotype); ex-type living culture, MFLUCC

20–0085. Additional sequence: SSU: MT184897, RPB2: MT188555, TEF1α: MT188556.

Notes: Morphologically, Pseudodactylaria fusiformis is similar to P. hyalotunicata and P. xanthorrhoeae in having

unbranched hyaline conidiophores but can be distinguished by its conidia without a sheath (Tsui et al. 1997; Crous

et al. 2017). It is also similar to P. brevis and P. camporesiana in having hyaline, 1-septate fusiform conidia without

a sheath. However, Pseudodactylaria fusiformis can be distinguished from P. brevis by its larger conidia (20–25 μm

vs. 11.5–17.5 μm) and conidiophores (30–50 μm vs. 11–25 μm) (Lin et al. 2018), and from P. camporesiana by its

hyaline conidiophores while the later is brown at the base (Hyde et al. 2020). Phylogenetically, Pseudodactylaria

fusiformis shares a sister relationship to P. camporesiana with good bootstrap support (100 MLBS/100 MPBS/ 1.00

PP) (FIGURE 1), and the phylogenetic analysis showed that P. fusiformis is distinct from other Pseudodactylaria

species. Following the recommendations of Jeewon & Hyde (2016) for delimitation of new species, we delved into

pairwise dissimilarities of DNA sequences and noted that there are 36 nucleotide differences among 527 nucleotides in

the ribosomal ITS sequences (6.83% nucleotide differences), and 6 base pair differences in LSU (data did not contain

a gap) between Pseudodactylaria fusiformis and P. camporesiana, which confirmed our new taxon is a novel species.

FIGURE 2. Pseudodactylaria fusiformis (MFLU 20–0204, holotype). a Host material. b, c Colony on decaying wood. d–f Conidiophores.

g, h Conidiogenous cells with attached conidia. i Germinating conidium. j–m Conidia. n, o Colony on PDA from above and below. Scale

bars: b = 100 µm, c = 50 µm, d–i = 20 µm, j–m = 10 µm.

LU ET AL.

Discussion

Pseudodactylariaceous species can be found from terrestrial and freshwater habitats (Tsui et al. 1997; Crous et al. 2017;

Lin et al. 2018; Hyde et al. 2020). The type genus Pseudodactylaria is characterized by erect, hyaline conidiophores,

integrated conidiogenous cells with a rachis and hyaline, fusiforme conidia, which is similar to Dactylaria sensu lato,

but can be distinguished by its 1-septate conidia covered by a mucoid sheath (Crous et al. 2017). Subsequently, Lin

et al. (2018) reported a new Pseudodactylaria species, P. brevis, whose conidia are 1-septate but lacking a mucoid

sheath. Recently, Hyde et al. (2020) reported the second aquatic Pseudodactylaria species, P. camporesiana, which

was collected from submerged wood in Thailand and its conidia are 1-septate and has no sheath.

In this study, we introduce the third aquatic Pseudodactylaria species, P. fusiformis, which is prominently similar

to P. camporesiana in conidial shape and size, but can be recognized by the colour of conidiophores (Hyde et al.

2020). In addition, Pseudodactylaria fusiformis shares similar conidiophores morphology with P. hyalotunicata and P.

xanthorrhoeae, but can be distinguished by its conidia without a sheath, while the later two have a sheath (Tsui et al.

1997; Crous et al. 2017), and the phylogenetic results (FIG 1) indicates that they are distinct species.

Crous et al. (2017) reported that Pseudodactylaria resembles species of Dactylaria (hyaline conidiophores and

septate, hyaline conidia formed on denticles), and it can be distinguished by having 1-septate conidia encased in

a mucoid sheath, which was absent in species of Dactylaria. However, the conidia of Pseudodactylaria brevis, P.

camporesiana and P. fusiformis are also lacking a sheath (shown in TABLE 2), which revealed that the conidia encased

in a sheath or not, is not the key character for identifying the genera Dactylaria and Pseudodactylaria.

TABLE 2 Synopsis of Pseudodactylaria species

Species Habitats/

Hosts Conidiophores Conidia References

Pseudodactylaria

brevis Terrestrial

Sometimes branched, septate, often

reduced to conidiogenous cells,

hyaline, 11–25 × 2–5 μm

No sheath, 1-septate, 11.5–17.5 ×

2.5–4.0 μm Lin et al. (2018)

Pseudodactylaria

camporesiana Freshwater

Unbranched, brown at the base,

hyaline at upper part, septate, 35–45

× 3.5–5 μm

No sheath, 1-septate, 18–22 ×

3.5–4.5 μm Hyde et al. (2020)

Pseudodactylaria

fusiformis Freshwater Unbranched, hyaline, 1–3-septate,

30–50 × 3.5–4.5 μm

No sheath, 0–1-septate, 20–25 ×

3–4 μm This study

Pseudodactylaria

hyalotunicata Freshwater Unbranched, hyaline, 4–6-septate,

30–60 × 4–5 μm

Surrounded by a gelatinous sheath,

0–1-septate, 20–25 × 2.5–3 μm

Tsui et al. (1997),

as Dactylaria

hyalotunicata

Pseudodactylaria

xanthorrhoeae Terrestrial Unbranched, hyaline, 1–3-septate,

1–3-septate, 20–50 × 4–5 μm

Surrounded by a thin mucilaginous

sheath, 1-septate, 20–33 × 3–4 μm Crous et al. (2017)

Acknowledgments

This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC 31900020) and the Science and

Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province ([2020]1Y058).

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Freshwater fungi from karst landscapes in China and Thailand

Article

Mar 2023

Freshwater fungi comprises a highly diverse group of organisms occurring in freshwater habitats throughout the world. During a survey of freshwater fungi on submerged wood in streams and lakes, a wide range of sexual and asexual species were collected mainly from karst regions in China and Thailand. Phylogenetic inferences using partial gene regions of LSU, ITS, SSU, TEF1α, and RPB2 sequences revealed that most of these fungi belonged to Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes and a few were related to Eurotiomycetes. Based on the morphology and multi-gene phylogeny, we introduce four new genera, viz. Aquabispora, Neocirrenalia, Ocellisimilis and Uvarisporella, and 47 new species, viz. Acrodictys chishuiensis, A. effusa, A. pyriformis, Actinocladium aquaticum, Annulatascus tratensis, Aquabispora setosa, Aqualignicola setosa, Aquimassariosphaeria vermiformis, Ceratosphaeria flava, Chaetosphaeria polygonalis, Conlarium muriforme, Digitodesmium chishuiense, Ellisembia aquirostrata, Fuscosporella atrobrunnea, Halobyssothecium aquifusiforme, H. caohaiense, Hongkongmyces aquisetosus, Kirschsteiniothelia dushanensis, Monilochaetes alsophilae, Mycoenterolobium macrosporum, Myrmecridium splendidum, Neohelicascus griseoflavus, Neohelicomyces denticulatus, Neohelicosporium fluviatile, Neokalmusia aquibrunnea, Neomassariosphaeria aquimucosa, Neomyrmecridium naviculare, Neospadicoides biseptata, Ocellisimilis clavata, Ophioceras thailandense, Paragaeumannomyces aquaticus, Phialoturbella aquilunata, Pleurohelicosporium hyalinum, Pseudodactylaria denticulata, P. longidenticulata, P. uniseptata, Pseudohalonectria aurantiaca, Rhamphoriopsis aquimicrospora, Setoseptoria bambusae, Shrungabeeja fluviatilis, Sporidesmium tratense, S. versicolor, Sporoschisma atroviride, Stanjehughesia aquatica, Thysanorea amniculi, Uvarisporella aquatica and Xylolentia aseptata, with an illustrated account, discussion of their taxonomic placement and comparison with morphological similar taxa. Seven new combinations are introduced, viz. Aquabispora grandispora (≡ Boerlagiomyces grandisporus), A. websteri (≡ Boerlagiomyces websteri), Ceratosphaeria suthepensis (≡ Pseudohalonectria suthepensis), Gamsomyces aquaticus (≡ Pseudobactrodesmium aquaticum), G. malabaricus (≡ Gangliostilbe malabarica), Neocirrenalia nigrospora (≡ Cirrenalia nigrospora), and Rhamphoriopsis glauca (≡ Chloridium glaucum). Ten new geographical records are reported in China and Thailand and nine species are first reported from freshwater habitats. Reference specimens are provided for Diplocladiella scalaroides and Neocirrenalia nigrospora (≡ Cirrenalia nigrospora). Systematic placement of the previously introduced genera Actinocladium, Aqualignicola, and Diplocladiella is first elucidated based on the reference specimens and new collections. Species recollected from China and Thailand are also described and illustrated. The overall trees of freshwater Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes collected in this study are provided respectively and genera or family/order trees are constructed for selected taxa.

Biodiversity of Lignicolous Freshwater Hyphomycetes from China and Thailand and Description of Sixteen Species

Article

Full-text available

Aug 2021
J. Fungi

Freshwater hyphomycetes are a highly diverse group of fungi with a worldwide distribution and have been mostly reported from tropical and subtropical regions. During investigations of freshwater fungi from the Greater Mekong subregion in China and Thailand, sixteen freshwater hyphomycetes (three of them belong to the class Dothideomycetes while thirteen belong to the class Sordariomycetes) were collected. Based on morphology and multi-gene phylogenetic analyses, Neospadicoides thailandica, Pseudodactylaria aquatica, Sporidesmium nujiangense, Tetraploa thailandica, Vamsapriya aquatica and Wongia fusiformis are described as new species; Aquapteridospora bambusinum is proposed as a new combination; Acrodictys liputii, Chloridium gonytrichii, Pseudoberkleasmium chiangmaiense, Pleomonodictys capensis, Sporidesmium aturbinatum and Vamsapriya indica are reported as new country records; and Sporidesmium tropicale, Sporoschisma chiangraiense and Sporoschisma longicatenatum are introduced as three new collections. In addition, a checklist of freshwater fungi from China over the last five years is also provided.

Fungal diversity notes 1387–1511: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on genera and species of fungal taxa

Article

Full-text available

Dec 2021
FUNGAL DIVERS

This article is the 13th contribution in the Fungal Diversity Notes series, wherein 125 taxa from four phyla, ten classes, 31 orders, 69 families, 92 genera and three genera incertae sedis are treated, demonstrating worldwide and geographic distribution. Fungal taxa described and illustrated in the present study include three new genera, 69 new species, one new combination, one reference specimen and 51 new records on new hosts and new geographical distributions. Three new genera, Cylindrotorula (Torulaceae), Scolecoleotia (Leotiales genus incertae sedis) and Xenovaginatispora (Lindomycetaceae) are introduced based on distinct phylogenetic lineages and unique morphologies. Newly described species are Aspergillus lannaensis, Cercophora dulciaquae, Cladophialophora aquatica, Coprinellus punjabensis, Cortinarius alutarius, C. mammillatus, C. quercofocculosus, Coryneum fagi, Cruentomycena uttarakhandina, Cryptocoryneum rosae, Cyathus uniperidiolus, Cylindrotorula indica, Diaporthe chamaeropicola, Didymella azollae, Diplodia alanphillipsii, Dothiora coronicola, Efbula rodriguezarmasiae, Erysiphe salicicola, Fusarium queenslandicum, Geastrum gorgonicum, G. hansagiense, Helicosporium sexualis, Helminthosporium chiangraiensis, Hongkongmyces kokensis, Hydrophilomyces hydraenae, Hygrocybe boertmannii, Hyphoderma australosetigerum, Hyphodontia yunnanensis, Khaleijomyces umikazeana, Laboulbenia divisa, Laboulbenia triarthronis, Laccaria populina, Lactarius pallidozonarius, Lepidosphaeria strobelii, Longipedicellata megafusiformis, Lophiotrema lincangensis, Marasmius benghalensis, M. jinfoshanensis, M. subtropicus, Mariannaea camelliae, Melanographium smilaxii, Microbotryum polycnemoides, Mimeomyces digitatus, Minutisphaera thailandensis, Mortierella solitaria, Mucor harpali, Nigrograna jinghongensis, Odontia huanrenensis, O. parvispina, Paraconiothyrium ajrekarii, Parafuscosporella niloticus, Phaeocytostroma yomensis, Phaeoisaria synnematicus, Phanerochaete hainanensis, Pleopunctum thailandicum, Pleurotheciella dimorphospora, Pseudochaetosphaeronema chiangraiense, Pseudodactylaria albicolonia, Rhexoacrodictys nigrospora, Russula paravioleipes, Scolecoleotia eriocamporesi, Seriascoma honghense, Synandromyces makranczyi, Thyridaria aureobrunnea, Torula lancangjiangensis, Tubeufa longihelicospora, Wicklowia fusiformispora, Xenovaginatispora phichaiensis and Xylaria apiospora. One new combination, Pseudobactrodesmium stilboideus is proposed. A reference specimen of Comoclathris permunda is designated. New host or distribution records are provided for Acrocalymma fci, Aliquandostipite khaoyaiensis, Camarosporidiella laburni, Canalisporium caribense, Chaetoscutula juniperi, Chlorophyllum demangei, C. globosum, C. hortense, Cladophialophora abundans, Dendryphion hydei, Diaporthe foeniculina, D. pseudophoenicicola, D. pyracanthae, Dictyosporium pandanicola, Dyfrolomyces distoseptatus, Ernakulamia tanakae, Eutypa favovirens, E. lata, Favolus septatus, Fusarium atrovinosum, F. clavum, Helicosporium luteosporum, Hermatomyces nabanheensis, Hermatomyces sphaericoides, Longipedicellata aquatica, Lophiostoma caudata, L. clematidisvitalbae, Lophiotrema hydei, L. neoarundinaria, Marasmiellus palmivorus, Megacapitula villosa, Micropsalliota globocystis, M. gracilis, Montagnula thailandica, Neohelicosporium irregulare, N. parisporum, Paradictyoarthrinium difractum, Phaeoisaria aquatica, Poaceascoma taiwanense, Saproamanita manicata, Spegazzinia camelliae, Submersispora variabilis, Thyronectria caudata, T. mackenziei, Tubeufa chiangmaiensis, T. roseohelicospora, Vaginatispora nypae, Wicklowia submersa, Xanthagaricus necopinatus and Xylaria haemorrhoidalis. The data presented herein are based on morphological examination of fresh specimens, coupled with analysis of phylogenetic sequence data to better integrate taxa into appropriate taxonomic ranks and infer their evolutionary relationships.

A Review of Bambusicolous Ascomycota in China with an Emphasis on Species Richness in Southwest China

Article

Full-text available

Dec 2022

Freshwater fungal numbers

Article

Full-text available

May 2022

A comprehensive account of fungal classification from freshwater habitats is outlined and discussed in the present review based on literature of biodiversity studies and recent morpho-phylogenetic analyses. A total of 3,870 freshwater fungal species are listed with additional details on the isolation source, habitat, geographical distribution, and molecular data. The Ascomycota (2,968 species, 1,018 genera) dominated the freshwater fungal taxa wherein Sordariomycetes (823 species, 298 genera) had the largest number, followed by Dothideomycetes (677 species, 229 genera), Eurotiomycetes (276 species, 49 genera), and Leotiomycetes (260 species, 83 genera). Other phyla included in the updated classification of freshwater fungi are: Chytridiomycota (333 species, 97 genera), Rozellomycota (221 species, 105 genera), Basidiomycota (218 species, 100 genera), Blastocladiomycota (47 species, 10 genera), Monoblepharomycota (29 species, 6 genera), Mucoromycota (19 species, 10 genera), Aphelidiomycota (15 species, 3 genera), Entomophthoromycota (6 species, 4 genera), Mortierellomycota (5 species, 3 genera), Olpidiomycota (4 species, 1 genus), Zoopagomycota (3 species, 2 genera), and Sanchytriomycota (2 species, 2 genera). The freshwater fungi belong to 1,361 genera, 386 families and 145 orders. The Pleosporales and Laboulbeniaceae are the largest freshwater fungal order and family comprised of 391 and 185 species, respectively. The most speciose genera are Chitonomyces (87, Laboulbeniomycetes), Verrucaria (50, Eurotiomycetes), Rhizophydium (52, Rhizophydiomycetes), Penicillium (47, Eurotiomycetes), and Candida (42, Saccharomycetes).

Veronaea aquatica sp. nov. (Herpotrichiellaceae, Chaetothyriales, Eurotiomycetes) from submerged bamboo in China

Article

Full-text available

Sep 2021

Freshwater fungi are highly diverse and ecologically important in freshwater systems. In China, more than 1000 species of freshwater fungi are known. Here, we present a brown-spored hyphomycetes that was collected on a submerged decaying bamboo culm in a forest stream in China. Phylogenetic analyses of combined LSU, ITS and TUB2 sequences confirm the placement of our new strain in Veronaea (Herpotrichiellaceae), sister to V. japonica . Veronaea aquatica sp. nov. differs from related taxa V. compacta and V. japonica in having longer conidiophores and cylindrical to pyriform or subclavate conidia with 0–2 septa. Veronaea aquatica also has darker brown hyphae compared to V. japonica . A morphological description and detailed illustrations of V. aquatica are provided.

Fungal diversity notes 1151–1276: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on genera and species of fungal taxa

Article

Full-text available

Mar 2020

Fungal diversity notes is one of the important journal series of fungal taxonomy that provide detailed descriptions and illustrations of new fungal taxa, as well as providing new information of fungal taxa worldwide. This article is the 11th contribution to the fungal diversity notes series, in which 126 taxa distributed in two phyla, six classes, 24 orders and 55 families are described and illustrated. Taxa in this study were mainly collected from Italy by Erio Camporesi and also collected from China, India and Thailand, as well as in some other European, North American and South American countries. Taxa described in the present study include two new families, 12 new genera, 82 new species, five new combinations and 25 new records on new hosts and new geographical distributions as well as sexual-asexual reports. The two new families are Eriomycetaceae (Dothideomycetes, family incertae sedis) and Fasciatisporaceae (Xylariales, Sordariomycetes). The twelve new genera comprise Bhagirathimyces (Phaeosphaeriaceae), Camporesiomyces (Tubeufiaceae), Eriocamporesia (Cryphonectriaceae), Eriomyces (Eriomycetaceae), Neomonodictys (Pleurotheciaceae), Paraloratospora (Phaeosphaeriaceae), Paramonodictys (Parabambusicolaceae), Pseudoconlarium (Diaporthomycetidae, genus incertae sedis), Pseudomurilentithecium (Lentitheciaceae), Setoapiospora (Muyocopronaceae), Srinivasanomyces (Vibrisseaceae) and Xenoanthostomella (Xylariales, genera incertae sedis). The 82 new species comprise Acremonium chiangraiense, Adustochaete nivea, Angustimassarina camporesii, Bhagirathimyces himalayensis, Brunneoclavispora camporesii, Camarosporidiella camporesii, Camporesiomyces mali, Camposporium appendiculatum, Camposporium multiseptatum, Camposporium septatum, Canalisporium aquaticium, Clonostachys eriocamporesiana, Clonostachys eriocamporesii, Colletotrichum hederiicola, Coniochaeta vineae, Conioscypha verrucosa, Cortinarius ainsworthii, Cortinarius aurae, Cortinarius britannicus, Cortinarius heatherae, Cortinarius scoticus, Cortinarius subsaniosus, Cytospora fusispora, Cytospora rosigena, Diaporthe camporesii, Diaporthe nigra, Diatrypella yunnanensis, Dictyosporium muriformis, Didymella camporesii, Diutina bernali, Diutina sipiczkii, Eriocamporesia aurantia, Eriomyces heveae, Ernakulamia tanakae, Falciformispora uttaraditensis, Fasciatispora cocoes, Foliophoma camporesii, Fuscostagonospora camporesii, Helvella subtinta, Kalmusia erioi, Keissleriella camporesiana, Keissleriella camporesii, Lanspora cylindrospora, Loratospora arezzoensis, Mariannaea atlantica, Melanographium phoenicis, Montagnula camporesii, Neodidymelliopsis camporesii, Neokalmusia kunmingensis, Neoleptosporella camporesiana, Neomonodictys muriformis, Neomyrmecridium guizhouense, Neosetophoma camporesii, Paraloratospora camporesii, Paramonodictys solitarius, Periconia palmicola, Plenodomus triseptatus, Pseudocamarosporium camporesii, Pseudocercospora maetaengensis, Pseudochaetosphaeronema kunmingense, Pseudoconlarium punctiforme, Pseudodactylaria camporesiana, Pseudomurilentithecium camporesii, Pseudotetraploa rajmachiensis, Pseudotruncatella camporesii, Rhexocercosporidium senecionis, Rhytidhysteron camporesii, Rhytidhysteron erioi, Septoriella camporesii, Setoapiospora thailandica, Srinivasanomyces kangrensis, Tetraploa dwibahubeeja, Tetraploa pseudoaristata, Tetraploa thrayabahubeeja, Torula camporesii, Tremateia camporesii, Tremateia lamiacearum, Uzbekistanica pruni, Verruconis mangrovei, Wilcoxina verruculosa, Xenoanthostomella chromolaenae and Xenodidymella camporesii. The five new combinations are Camporesiomyces patagoniensis, Camporesiomyces vaccinia, Camposporium lycopodiellae, Paraloratospora gahniae and Rhexocercosporidium microsporum. The 22 new records on host and geographical distribution comprise Arthrinium marii, Ascochyta medicaginicola, Ascochyta pisi, Astrocystis bambusicola, Camposporium pellucidum, Dendryphiella phitsanulokensis, Diaporthe foeniculina, Didymella macrostoma, Diplodia mutila, Diplodia seriata, Heterosphaeria patella, Hysterobrevium constrictum, Neodidymelliopsis ranunculi, Neovaginatispora fuckelii, Nothophoma quercina, Occultibambusa bambusae, Phaeosphaeria chinensis, Pseudopestalotiopsis theae, Pyxine berteriana, Tetraploa sasicola, Torula gaodangensis and Wojnowiciella dactylidis. In addition, the sexual morphs of Dissoconium eucalypti and Phaeosphaeriopsis pseudoagavacearum are reported from Laurus nobilis and Yucca gloriosa in Italy, respectively. The holomorph of Diaporthe cynaroidis is also reported for the first time.

Lignicolous freshwater fungi from China II: Novel Distoseptispora (Distoseptisporaceae) species from northwestern Yunnan Province and a suggested unified method for studying lignicolous freshwater fungi

Article

Full-text available

May 2018

This is the second in a series of papers on lignicolous freshwater fungi from China. In this paper, eight fresh collections of asexual morphs of Distoseptispora, isolated from submerged wood in northwestern Yunnan Province, China, are characterized based on morphological characters and phylogenetic analyses of combined ITS, LSU, RPB2 and TEF1α sequence data. Four new Distoseptispora species (D. cangshanensis, D. obpyriformis, D. rostrata and D. submersa) are introduced, described and illustrated, with notes on their taxonomy and phylogeny. Newly generated molecular data of Distoseptispora fluminicola is also provided. We also provide a unified method for studying lignicolous freshwater fungi to standardize the findings of future Asian studies.

Establishing species boundaries and new taxa among fungi: Recommendations to resolve taxonomic ambiguities

Article

Full-text available

Jan 2016

Accurate identification and demarcation of taxa has far reaching implications in mycology, especially when plant pathogens are involved. Yet few publications have seriously proposed recommendations as to how to delineate species boundaries. Morphology, with all its taxonomic disparities, has been the main criterion upon which current fungal species concepts are based and morphologically defined species make up the largest number of named species. Although phylogenomic based studies arguably offer novel insights into classification at higher taxonomic levels, relationships at the species level and recognition of species remain largely controversial and subject to different interpretations. Our recommendations herein will provide a more rational framework based on scientific data on how to delineate species and establish a new taxon.

Fungal Planet description sheets: 625–715

Article

Full-text available

Dec 2017
Persoonia

Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Antarctica: Cadophora antarctica from soil. Australia: Alfaria dandenongensis on Cyperaceae, Amphosoma persooniae on Persoonia sp., Anungitea nullicana on Eucalyptus sp., Bagadiella eucalypti on Eucalyptus globulus, Castanediella eucalyptigena on Eucalyptus sp., Cercospora dianellicola on Dianella sp., Cladoriella kinglakensis on Eucalyptus regnans, Cladoriella xanthorrhoeae (incl. Cladoriellaceae fam. nov. and Cladoriellales ord. nov.) on Xanthorrhoea sp., Cochlearomyces eucalypti (incl. Cochlearomyces gen. nov. and Cochlearomycetaceae fam. nov.) on Eucalyptus obliqua, Codinaea lambertiae on Lambertia formosa, Diaporthe obtusifoliae on Acacia obtusifolia, Didymella acaciae on Acacia melanoxylon, Dothidea eucalypti on Eucalyptus dalrympleana, Fitzroyomyces cyperi (incl. Fitzroyomyces gen. nov.) on Cyperaceae, Murramarangomyces corymbiae (incl. Murramarangomyces gen. nov., Murramarangomycetaceae fam. nov. and Murramarangomycetales ord. nov.) on Corymbia maculata, Neoanungitea eucalypti (incl. Neoanungitea gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus obliqua, Neoconiothyrium persooniae (incl. Neoconiothyrium gen. nov.) on Persoonia laurina subsp. laurina, Neocrinula lambertiae (incl. Neocrinulaceae fam. nov.) on Lambertia sp., Ochroconis podocarpi on Podocarpus grayae, Paraphysalospora eucalypti (incl. Paraphysalospora gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus sieberi, Pararamichloridium livistonae (incl. Pararamichloridium gen. nov., Pararamichloridiaceae fam. nov. and Pararamichloridiales ord. nov.) on Livistona sp., Pestalotiopsis dianellae on Dianella sp., Phaeosphaeria gahniae on Gahnia aspera, Phlogicylindrium tereticornis on Eucalyptus tereticornis, Pleopassalora acaciae on Acacia obliquinervia, Pseudodactylaria xanthorrhoeae (incl. Pseudodactylaria gen. nov., Pseudodactylariaceae fam. nov. and Pseudodactylariales ord. nov.) on Xanthorrhoea sp., Pseudosporidesmium lambertiae (incl. Pseudosporidesmiaceae fam. nov.) on Lambertia formosa, Saccharata acaciae on Acacia sp., Saccharata epacridis on Epacris sp., Saccharata hakeigena on Hakea sericea, Seiridium persooniae on Persoonia sp., Semifissispora tooloomensis on Eucalyptus dunnii, Stagonospora lomandrae on Lomandra longifolia, Stagonospora victoriana on Poaceae, Subramaniomyces podocarpi on Podocarpus elatus, Sympoventuria melaleucae on Melaleuca sp., Sympoventuria regnans on Eucalyptus regnans, Trichomerium eucalypti on Eucalyptus tereticornis, Vermiculariopsiella eucalypticola on Eucalyptus dalrympleana, Verrucoconiothyrium acaciae on Acacia falciformis, Xenopassalora petrophiles (incl. Xenopassalora gen. nov.) on Petrophile sp., Zasmidium dasypogonis on Dasypogon sp., Zasmidium gahniicola on Gahnia sieberiana. Brazil: Achaetomium lippiae on Lippia gracilis, Cyathus isometricus on decaying wood, Geastrum caririense on soil, Lycoperdon demoulinii (incl. Lycoperdon subg. Arenicola) on soil, Megatomentella cristata (incl. Megatomentella gen. nov.) on unidentified plant, Mutinus verrucosus on soil, Paraopeba schefflerae (incl. Paraopeba gen. nov.) on Schefflera morototoni, Phyllosticta catimbauensis on Mandevilla catimbauensis, Pseudocercospora angularis on Prunus persica, Pseudophialophora sorghi on Sorghum bicolor, Spumula piptadeniae on Piptadenia paniculata. Bulgaria: Yarrowia parophonii from gut of Parophonus hirsutulus. Croatia: Pyrenopeziza velebitica on Lonicera borbasiana. Cyprus: Peziza halophila on coastal dunes. Czech Republic: Aspergillus contaminans from human fingernail. Ecuador: Cuphophyllus yacurensis on forest soil, Ganoderma podocarpense on fallen tree trunk. England: Pilidium anglicum (incl. Chaetomellales ord. nov.) on Eucalyptus sp. France: Planamyces parisiensis (incl. Planamyces gen. nov.) on wood inside a house. French Guiana: Lactifluus ceraceus on soil. Germany: Talaromyces musae on Musa sp. India: Hyalocladosporiella cannae on Canna indica, Nothophoma raii from soil. Italy: Setophaeosphaeria citri on Citrus reticulata, Yuccamyces citri on Citrus limon. Japan: Glutinomyces brunneus (incl. Glutinomyces gen. nov.) from roots of Quercus sp. Netherlands (all from soil): Collariella hilkhuijsenii, Fusarium petersiae, Gamsia kooimaniorum, Paracremonium binnewijzendii, Phaeoisaria annesophieae, Plectosphaerella niemeijerarum, Striaticonidium deklijnearum, Talaromyces annesophieae, Umbelopsis wiegerinckiae, Vandijckella johannae (incl. Vandijckella gen. nov. and Vandijckellaceae fam. nov.), Verhulstia trisororum (incl. Verhulstia gen. nov.). New Zealand: Lasiosphaeria similisorbina on decorticated wood. Papua New Guinea: Pseudosubramaniomyces gen. nov. (based on Pseudosubramaniomyces fusisaprophyticus comb. nov.). Slovakia: Hemileucoglossum pusillum on soil. South Africa: Tygervalleyomyces podocarpi (incl. Tygervalleyomyces gen. nov.) on Podocarpus falcatus. Spain: Coniella heterospora from herbivorous dung, Hymenochaete macrochloae on Macrochloa tenacissima, Ramaria cistophila on shrubland of Cistus ladanifer. Thailand: Polycephalomyces phaothaiensis on Coleoptera larvae, buried in soil. Uruguay: Penicillium uruguayense from soil. Vietnam: Entoloma nigrovelutinum on forest soil, Volvariella morozovae on wood of unknown tree. Morphological and culture characteristics along with DNA barcodes are provided.

A simple method to control over-alignment in the MAFFT multiple sequence alignment program

Article

Full-text available

Feb 2016

Motivation: We present a new feature of the MAFFT multiple alignment program for suppressing over-alignment (aligning unrelated segments). Conventional MAFFT is highly sensitive in aligning conserved regions in remote homologs, but the risk of over-alignment is recently becoming greater, as low-quality or noisy sequences are increasing in protein sequence databases, due, for example, to sequencing errors and difficulty in gene prediction. Results: The proposed method utilizes a variable scoring matrix for different pairs of sequences (or groups) in a single multiple sequence alignment, based on the global similarity of each pair. This method significantly increases the correctly gapped sites in real examples and in simulations under various conditions. Regarding sensitivity, the effect of the proposed method is slightly negative in real protein-based benchmarks, and mostly neutral in simulation-based benchmarks. This approach is based on natural biological reasoning and should be compatible with many methods based on dynamic programming for multiple sequence alignment. Availability and implementation: The new feature is available in MAFFT versions 7.263 and higher. http://mafft.cbrc.jp/alignment/software/ CONTACT: katoh@ifrec.osaka-u.ac.jpSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

MrModeltest V2. Program Distributed by the Author

Article

Full-text available

Jan 2004

Johan Nylander

A Beauveria phylogeny inferred from nuclear ITS and EF1-α sequences: evidence for cryptic diversification and links to Cordyceps teleomorphs

Article

Mar 2005

Beauveria is a globally distributed genus of soil-borne entomopathogenic hyphomycetes of interest as a model system for the study of entomo-pathogenesis and the biological control of pest insects. Species recognition in Beauveria is difficult due to a lack of taxonomically informative morphology. This has impeded assessment of species diversity in this genus and investigation of their natural history. A gene-genealogical approach was used to investigate molecular phylogenetic diversity of Beauveria and several presumptively related Cordyceps species. Analyses were based on nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1-α) sequences for 86 exemplar isolates from diverse geographic origins, habitats and insect hosts. Phylogenetic trees were inferred using maximum parsimony and Bayesian likelihood methods. Six well supported clades within Beauveria, provisionally designated A–F, were resolved in the EF1-α and combined gene phylogenies. Beauveria bassiana, a ubiquitous species that is characterized morphologically by globose to subglobose conidia, was determined to be non-monophyletic and consists of two unrelated lineages, clades A and C. Clade A is globally distributed and includes the Asian teleomorph Cordyceps staphylinidaecola and its probable synonym C. bassiana. All isolates contained in Clade C are anamorphic and originate from Europe and North America. Clade B includes isolates of B. brongniartii, a Eurasian species complex characterized by ellipsoidal conidia. Clade D includes B. caledonica and B. vermiconia, which produce cylindrical and comma-shaped conidia, respectively. Clade E, from Asia, includes Beauveria anamorphs and a Cordyceps teleomorph that both produce ellipsoidal conidia. Clade F, the basal branch in the Beauveria phylogeny includes the South American species B. amorpha, which produces cylindrical conidia. Lineage diversity detected within clades A, B and C suggests that prevailing morphological species concepts underestimate species diversity within these groups. Continental endemism of lineages in B. bassiana s.l. (clades A and C) indicates that isolation by distance has been an important factor in the evolutionary diversification of these clades. Permutation tests indicate that host association is essentially random in both B. bassiana s.l. clades A and C, supporting past assumptions that this species is not host specific. In contrast, isolates in clades B and D occurred primarily on coleopteran hosts, although sampling in these clades was insufficient to assess host affliation at lower taxonomic ranks. The phylogenetic placement of Cordyceps staphylinidaecola/bassiana, and C. scarabaeicola within Beauveria corroborates prior reports of these anamorph-teleomorph connections. These results establish a phylogenetic framework for further taxonomic, phylogenetic and comparative biological investigations of Beauveria and their corresponding Cordyceps teleomorphs.

Pseudodactylaria brevis sp. nov. from Thailand confirms the status of Pseudodactylariaceae

Article

Sep 2018

A new species, Pseudodactylaria brevis, is described, illustrated and compared with other Pseudodactylaria and Dactylaria-like taxa. Evidence for the new species is provided by morphological comparison and sequence data analyses. Pseudodactylaria brevis can be distinguished from other Pseudodactylaria and Dactylaria-like species by its short hyaline conidiophores and fusiform, 1-septate hyaline conidia. Phylogenetic analysis of LSU and ITS sequence data was carried out to determine the phylogenetic placement of the species and confirm the taxonomic status of Pseudodactylariaceae.

Four new species of Tubeufia (Tubeufiaceae, Tubeufiales) from Thailand

Article

Mar 2017

Tubeufia was named for a sexual morph taxon. However, several asexual morph species have been accommodated in this genus as well. In our study, four new species of Tubeufia, viz. T. filiformis, T. latispora, T. laxispora and T. mackenziei, are described and illustrated. The phylogenetic placement of the new species is confirmed by analysis of combined ITS, LSU and TEF1α sequence data. A key to Tubeufia species is provided and the new species are compared with similar fungal taxa. © 2017, German Mycological Society and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

PAUP*. Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (*and Other Methods). Version 4.0b10

Book

Jan 2002

David L. Swofford

— We studied sequence variation in 16S rDNA in 204 individuals from 37 populations of the land snail Candidula unifasciata (Poiret 1801) across the core species range in France, Switzerland, and Germany. Phylogeographic, nested clade, and coalescence analyses were used to elucidate the species evolutionary history. The study revealed the presence of two major evolutionary lineages that evolved in separate refuges in southeast France as result of previous fragmentation during the Pleistocene. Applying a recent extension of the nested clade analysis (Templeton 2001), we inferred that range expansions along river valleys in independent corridors to the north led eventually to a secondary contact zone of the major clades around the Geneva Basin. There is evidence supporting the idea that the formation of the secondary contact zone and the colonization of Germany might be postglacial events. The phylogeographic history inferred for C. unifasciata differs from general biogeographic patterns of postglacial colonization previously identified for other taxa, and it might represent a common model for species with restricted dispersal.

Pseudodactylaria fusiformis sp. nov. From freshwater habitat in China

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